Publications

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in a previously healthy homosexual man.	a fatal case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy homosexual man with no evidence of malignancy is reported. despite appropriate treatment with high doses of i.v. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the patient died.	1983	6604699
pneumocystis with normal chest x-ray film and arterial oxygen tension. early diagnosis in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	a patient with kaposi's sarcoma and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome became acutely febrile and dyspneic. although chest roentgenograms and findings from arterial blood oxygenation studies were normal, bronchoscopy disclosed heavy pneumocystis carinii infection. the patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with a rapid clinical response. it has been distinctly unusual to diagnose pneumocystis without roentgenographic or blood gas abnormalities. pneumocystis infection probabl ...	1983	6605129
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.		1983	6605149
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy adult.		1983	6605452
[pneumocystis carinii infection in children with acute leukemia and non-hodgkin malignant lymphoma].		1983	6605512
[fulminant form of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1983	6605513
diagnostic utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	the records of 35 adult male patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome were reviewed to determine the diagnostic utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. twenty-two of the 24 patients (92%) shown to have pneumocystis pneumonia were diagnosed by bronchoscopy; 20 patients were diagnosed after 1 bronchoscopy and 2 patients after 2 bronchoscopies. the sensitivity of bronchoscopy specimens for diagnosing pneumocystis pneumonia was 79% for transbronc ...	1983	6605700
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with blood-product transfusions.	a 53-year-old white man had fever, malaise, and dyspnea on exertion. his chest roentgenogram was normal, but pulmonary function tests showed impaired diffusion capacity and a gallium scan showed marked uptake in the lungs. results of an open-lung biopsy documented pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. immunologic test results were consistent with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the patient denied having homosexual contact or using intravenous drugs. twenty-nine months before the diagnosis of p ...	1983	6605703
intermittent chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	an intermittent regimen of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was tested in the corticosteroid-treated rat model to learn whether or not administration for 3 consecutive days a week would provide prophylaxis equal to continuous daily doses. although all of the untreated control animals acquired pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, none of the animals given either continuous or intermittent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole became infected.	1983	6605717
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual males with aids].		1983	6606165
diffuse pulmonary gallium accumulation with a normal chest radiogram in a homosexual man with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a case report.	a homosexual man with a.i.d.s. (acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome) and pneumocystis infestation was found to have diffuse ga-67 uptake in the lungs with a coincident negative chest x-ray. while ga-67 accumulates diffusely in the lungs in a variety of conditions, the present case is the first described in a patient with a.i.d.s. in which ga-67 was positive before roentgenographic abnormalities were demonstrated. thus, the use of ga-67, when a.i.d.s. is suspected, could help establish a dia ...	1983	6606519
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a report of 2 south african cases.	this report documents the first 2 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in male homosexuals identified in south africa. both patients died of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and both had cytomegalovirus infection. neither had peripheral lymphadenopathy and in both cases the lymph nodes showed cortical and paracortical atrophy with marked plasma cell and histiocytic infiltration. it is suggested that this lymph node pattern represents the morphological expression of the immunological def ...	1983	6306851
immunologic alterations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).	the association of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cytomegalovirus infection in apparently healthy intravenous drug abusers or homosexual males recently has been described. two patients with this syndrome were seen recently at our institution. bronchoalveolar lavage samples from these two patients, taken at the time of bronchoscopy, were analyzed. in both patients a significant increase in inflammatory cells (polymorphonuclear cells) and evidence for polyclonal b cell activation, as measured ...	1983	6307101
national case-control study of kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: part 2. laboratory results.	the centers for disease control conducted a case-control study to investigate an outbreak of kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men. the occurrence of these diseases was found to be associated with certain aspects of lifestyle, including a greater number of male sex partners per year, exposure to feces during sex, history of syphilis and non-b hepatitis, treatment for enteric parasites, and use of various illicit substances. laboratory studies reflected both this l ...	1983	6309049
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	recently, a new epidemic illness, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, has dramatically emerged in the united states, europe, and haiti. the syndrome represents an unprecedented epidemic form of immunodeficiency involving prominent defects of the t-lymphocyte arm of the immune system. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, other opportunistic infections, and the previously rare cancer, kaposi's sarcoma, are the most conspicuous illnesses that have this profound state of immune compromise as their un ...	1983	6309051
[case of adult t-cell leukemia with generalized cytomegalovirus infection, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and hypoimmunoglobulinemia].		1983	6310178
gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection in a homosexual man with severe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	a 44-yr-old white homosexual man with a history of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed watery diarrhea and fever. flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed yellow plaques in the sigmoid colon suggestive of pseudomembranous colitis. stool examination for ova and parasites, clostridium difficile toxin, and cultures for pathogens, including clostridium difficile, were negative. infection with multiple organisms, including mycobacterium avium intracellulare, toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex, and cytomeg ...	1983	6313468
acquired immune deficiency syndrome. ocular manifestations.	the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is a recently described disorder of cellular immunity in homosexuals, intravenous drug abusers, and haitians. manifestations include kaposi's sarcoma, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and other opportunistic infections. ophthalmic and autopsy examinations of 30 patients at ucla revealed frequent ocular abnormalities. findings included cotton-wool spots (16 patients), cytomegalovirus retinitis (eight patients), conjunctivitis and keratitis (four patie ...	1983	6314219
transfusion-associated cytomegalovirus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in an infant.	an infant who received multiple blood transfusions in the neonatal intensive care unit developed a transfusion-associated cmv infection at age 11 weeks and thereafter was noted to have hepatosplenomegaly, mitogen hyporesponsiveness, persistent viruria, an abnormal distribution of t-lymphocyte subpopulations, and poor growth. he has had recurrent opportunistic infections, including pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. six donors of blood products received by this infant were investigated; one was foun ...	1983	6315905
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in previously healthy bisexual man.		1983	6318460
symbiosis of pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus in a case of fatal pneumonia.		1983	6301670
cytomegalovirus retinitis: a manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids).	two homosexual males with the "gay bowel syndrome' experienced an acute unilateral loss of vision. both patients had white intraretinal lesions, which became confluent. one of the cases had a depressed cell-mediated immunity; both patients ultimately died after a prolonged illness. in one patient cytomegalovirus was cultured from a vitreous biopsy. autopsy revealed disseminated cytomegalovirus in both patients. widespread retinal necrosis was evident, with typical nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusi ...	1983	6303386
combined infections of pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus: a case report.		1983	6304221
effects of interferon-alpha on cytomegalovirus reactivation syndromes in renal-transplant recipients.	we have previously demonstrated that six weeks of prophylaxis with interferon-alpha delays cytomegalovirus excretion and decreases viremia in recipients of kidney transplants. in a double-blind trial to evaluate the effects of a longer course of prophylaxis, we gave either 3 x 10(6) units of interferon or placebo intramuscularly to 42 patients before transplant surgery was performed. after surgery, doses were given three times a week for six weeks and then twice a week for eight weeks (total of ...	1983	6304513
[autopsy case of adult t-cell leukemia complicated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and generalized cytomegalic inclusion body disease].		1983	6328087
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in male prisoners. new insights into an emerging syndrome.	between september 1981 and june 1982, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were diagnosed in seven previously healthy young men incarcerated for 5 to 38 months in new york state correctional facilities. all seven patients were anergic, six were lymphopenic, and all developed oral candidiasis. immunologic evaluation in vitro showed profound defects in cellular immune function in patients tested, with inversion of the normal ratio of helper to suppressor t-cell ...	1983	6338788
antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human t-cell leukemia virus in patients with aids.	the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), which has recently occurred at increasing rates in homosexual men, intravenous drug users, and others, is characterized by the development of kaposi's sarcoma and several opportunistic infections including pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii. serum samples from patients with aids and from matched and unmatched control subjects were examined for the presence of antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human t-cell leukemia virus. ni ...	1983	6342136
unusual causes of death in haitians residing in miami. high prevalence of opportunistic infections.	twenty-one (100%) haitians and 42 (21.5%) of 192 native black americans autopsied in a 33-month period at jackson memorial hospital, miami, were included in this review. all autopsied materials were examined. among the haitians autopsied, infectious diseases accounted for 11 (52%) of 21 deaths. toxoplasma encephalitis was the leading cause of death (five cases). other infectious causes of death included disseminated cryptococcosis (one), disseminated cytomegalovirus diseases (one), pneumocystis ...	1983	6348327
pneumocystis carinii is an endogenous liposomally modified mitochondrion.	pneumocystis carinii was first described over 70 years ago but its taxonomy is still uncertain. doubts have been expressed as to whether pneumocystis carinii is an organism at all; but no coherent alternative has been proposed to account for the pathogenesis of pneumocystosis. consideration of recent observations on pneumocystis, liposomes, pulmonary surfactant and mitochondria leads to the hypothesis that pneumocystis carinii is derived from liposomal change in the type ii pneumocyte mitochondr ...	1983	6348493
a review of the current status and techniques of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for treatment of leukaemia.	bone marrow transplantation is now an accepted component in the overall therapy of acute and chronic (myeloid) leukaemia for some selected patients. some of the obstacles to success have been partially overcome. many advances in supportive care have been made. pneumocystis carinii and herpes simplex infections are preventable. effective decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract for bacteria and fungi is now readily achievable and may have reduced the risk of serious systemic infections. new ...	1983	6355192
acquired immune deficiency syndrome and the management of associated opportunistic infections.	since the spring of 1981, more than 2300 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) have been reported from 41 states to the centers for disease control. cases also have been reported from 20 foreign countries, and reports are increasing at an alarming rate. more than 900 people (approximately 40 percent) have died of this disease. aids is characterized by skin test anergy to recall antigens, decreased t-helper subset, and inverted helper t-cell:suppressor t-cell ratios in the periphera ...	1983	6357687
[pneumocystis carinii infection in a homosexual adult subject with immunodeficiency: apropos of a case].		1983	6320330
retinal manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids): cytomegalovirus, candida albicans, cryptococcus, toxoplasmosis and pneumocystis carinii.	the ocular manifestations of 34 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), are reviewed. cytomegalovirus retinitis was seen in 18 patients, cotton wool spots were observed in 11 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; fungal retinitis and toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis were each seen in 2 patients. a review of literature regarding aids is included.	1983	6320505
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating hemophilia a.		1983	6403658
pneumocystis pneumonia: importance of gallium scan for early diagnosis and description of a new immunoperoxidase technique to demonstrate pneumocystis carinii.	pneumocystis pneumonia presented in a homosexual with fever, a normal chest radiograph, and pulmonary gallium uptake. bronchial washings yielded mycobaterium tuberculosis, but despite antituberculosis therapy he remained febrile, and gallium uptake in the lung increased. subsequently, silver stain of transbronchial lung biopsy obtained 2 months earlier at the time that tuberculosis was diagnosed showed many pneumocystis cysts in alveolar spaces. in contrast to pneumocystis cysts in infected lung ...	1983	6408961
opportunistic infections and kaposi's sarcoma among haitians: evidence of a new acquired immunodeficiency state.	twenty haitian patients, hospitalized from 1 april 1980 to 20 june 1982, had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, central nervous system toxoplasmosis, esophageal candidiasis, cryptococcosis, disseminated cytomegalovirus, progressive herpes simplex virus, chronic enteric coccidiosis, or invasive kaposi's sarcoma. ten patients died. opportunistic infections were frequently multiple and were recurrent in three patients. in seven patients disseminated tuberculosis preceded the other infections by 2 to 1 ...	1983	6299151
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a previously healthy patient with classic hemophilia. clinical, immunologic, and virologic findings.	a previously healthy patient with classic hemophilia who was on a home infusion program with factor viii concentrates developed an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome manifested by a dramatic weight loss (47 kg over 12 months), lassitude, transient thrombocytopenia, and opportunistic infections with varicella zoster, pneumocystis carinii, and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. the patient was not homosexual and had no history of intravenous drug abuse. immunologic studies showed a persistent lym ...	1983	6299153
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare bacteremia in a patient with hemophilia.	a 27-year-old previously healthy man with hemophilia presented with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the patient had several episodes of oral candidiasis followed by disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. he was not homosexual nor did he take illicit drugs, but he had been self-administering two to four monthly infusions of factor viii concentrate for 7 years. in-vitro lymphocyte studies showed findings consistent with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that had previ ...	1983	6299154
rifampicin for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1983	6135006
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with severe gastrointestinal manifestations in haiti.	29 patients (19 males and 10 females) in haiti were diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. their clinical presentation was characterised by unexplained chronic diarrhoea, prolonged fever, extreme weight loss, anorexia, and severe infections. the infectious agents included: candida albicans (27 patients), mycobacterium tuberculosis (7 patients), cryptosporidium (11 patients), pneumocystis carinii (2 patients), cytomegalovirus (4 patients), and herpes virus (3 patients). in 1 woma ...	1983	6137696
complications of co-trimoxazole in treatment of aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men.	in 8 of 18 homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) treated with intravenous co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) apparent drug-related complications developed during the course of acute therapy. a symptom complex of fevers and increasing malaise, often with nausea and headaches, developed usually after 9 days of therapy at a daily dosage of 20 mg/kg of trimethoprim and 100 mg/kg of sulphamethoxazole. these symptoms wer ...	1983	6138645
pentamidine or co-trimoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1983	6139634
acquired immune deficiency in haitians: opportunistic infections in previously healthy haitian immigrants.	we describe acquired immune deficiency manifested by opportunistic infections in 10 previously healthy heterosexual haitian men. the opportunistic pathogens included toxoplasma gondii (in four patients), cryptococcus neoformans (in one), pneumocystis carinii (in four patients), and candida albicans (in three). six of the patients also had mycobacterium tuberculosis. immunologic studies of three patients showed a decrease in the numbers and activity of helper t cells, with normal or increased pop ...	1983	6217423
community-acquired opportunistic infections and defective cellular immunity in heterosexual drug abusers and homosexual men.	fourteen previously healthy young patients with unusual community-acquired opportunistic infections were seen over a period of three years. they differ from patients previously described in that 11 were heterosexual drug abusers (including two women) and only three were homosexual men. there were eight puerto ricans, five blacks, and one white. infections included pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (seven), disseminated mycobacterium intracellulare infection, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and cyto ...	1983	6219579
t-lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities in apparently healthy patients with hemophilia.	t-lymphocyte populations in 12 apparently healthy heterosexual adult patients with hemophilia have been examined to ascertain if these patients have abnormalities in their lymphocyte subpopulations similar to those in homosexual men, haitian refugees, and narcotic addicts. a striking reduction in the helper to suppressor cell ratio ([0.86 +/- 0.14]:1) was found in 9 of the 12 patients. these abnormalities were similar to those previously described in two patients with hemophilia critically ill w ...	1983	6219601
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a colony of macaque monkeys.	a naturally occurring immunodeficiency syndrome has been seen in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. this syndrome is seen primarily in the species macaca cyclopis. affected animals died with lymphomas (a rare disease in macaques) or such opportunistic infections as pneumocystis carinii and noma (necrotizing gingivitis). these m. cyclopis exhibited anemia, neutropenia, and a circulating bizarre immature monocyte. in addition, liver function tests suggested hepatitis. pokeweed mitogen-, concanav ...	1983	6221343
pneumocystis carinii identified by gram stain of lung imprints.	the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia conventionally depends on the time-consuming demonstration of the organisms in pulmonary secretions or lung tissue using toluidine blue 0, methenamine silver, or gram weigert stains that require special reagents. in 27 recent episodes of moderate to heavy pneumocystis infections, the cyst form and internal sporozoites of p. carinii could be readily identified on lung imprints using the conventional gram stain. the gram stain is unlikely to replace ...	1983	6194727
acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or aids, is an unexplained severe disturbance of the cell-mediated immune system that renders victims susceptible to a group of otherwise-rare diseases and infections, chiefly kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. aids has been the object of intensive research since mid-1981 when the syndrome was first described by the centers for disease control (cdc). the victims fall into four main group: homosexually-active males, iv drug users, haitians, a ...	1983	10314581
wright's stain in rapid diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii.	the conventional hematology wright's stain has been used in touch preparation from open lung biopsies to identify pneumocystis carinii. a 100% positive correlation has been found using this rapid and readily available technique when compared to the conventional silver stain and permanent histologic sections.	1984	6199969
acquired immune deficiency syndrome, leading to opportunistic infections, kaposi's sarcoma, and other malignancies.	in early 1981 several cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in young male homosexuals were recognized. between then and the end of 1982 almost 800 cases of serious opportunistic infections and malignancies have occurred in this group and now in other groups as well. the most common malignant disease to be seen is the otherwise uncommon endothelial cell sarcoma, kaposi's sarcoma. the underlying abnormality, both to the opportunistic infections and the malignancies, is one of acquired immune def ...	1984	6202462
treatment with rifampicin for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the role of rifampicin in the treatment of serologically proved pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was reported recently from poland (1). serum antibody or antigen levels alone provide uncertain evidence as by four years of age two-thirds of normal children may have significant titres (2). we present the first case treated with rifampicin, and proven by open lung biopsy.	1984	6203475
[specific staining method for pneumocystis carinii].		1984	6204075
the effect of corticosteroid treatment on the cell surface glycocalyx of the rat pulmonary alveolus: relevance to the host-parasite relationship in pneumocystis carinii infection.	pneumocystis carinii infection is characterized by the attachment of p. carinii to host alveolar type i cell and propagation of the organism with corticosteroid administration. we have examined the effects of corticosteroids on the cell surface glycocalyx of the pulmonary alveolus in rats by ultrastructural histochemistry using cationized ferritin, ruthenium red and concanavalin a-horseradish peroxidase techniques. in rats treated for 4 and 6 weeks, the amount of the alveolar cell surface glycoc ...	1984	6204668
a reliable silver staining method for identification of pneumocystis carinii in histologic sections.	the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is characterized by the development of kaposi's sarcoma and several opportunistic infections including pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii. as a staining method for pneumocystis carinii, the methenamine-silver nitrate method has been used routinely. most of fungi can be stained easily by this technique but the identification of pneumocystis carinii is not always easy. the author has improved the method by using ammoniacal silver nitrate and fou ...	1984	6208635
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the wife of a hemophiliac.	a 71-year-old previously healthy woman developed unexplained thrush, onychomycosis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and a t-cell defect consistent with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. her only apparent risk factor was infrequent, monogamous sexual contact with her husband, a 74-year-old hemophiliac who had received factor viii concentrate and subsequently died due to p. carinii pneumonia. she first developed probable signs of the syndrome (recurrent thrush and onychomycosis) 1 year befor ...	1984	6229203
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in african patients.	between may 1979 and april 1983, 18 previously healthy african patients were hospitalized in belgium with opportunistic infections (cryptococcosis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, central-nervous-system toxoplasmosis, progressive cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, candidiasis, or cryptosporidiosis) or kaposi's sarcoma, or with both. ten of them died. during the same period five other patients were hospitalized with an illness consistent with a prodr ...	1984	6229701
adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	we reviewed the charts of 38 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who were treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. only 5 of 37 patients started on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were able to complete treatment; in 29 patients drug toxicity occurred and in 19 treatment was changed due to adverse reactions that included rash, fever, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and transaminase elevation. pentamidine was given to 30 patients (1 as initial treatment); toxicity occurred in 13 b ...	1984	6230976
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in patients with hemophilia.	since mid-1981 the centers for disease control (cdc) has received reports of more than 1900 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. these cases had either kaposi's sarcoma confirmed by biopsy or a life-threatening opportunistic infection confirmed by biopsy or culture. in january 1982 a hemophiliac with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was reported to the cdc, and by july 1982 two other hemophiliacs had developed p. carinii pneumonia. during the next 12 months a total of 22 confirmed case ...	1984	6230977
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a comparison between patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients with other immunodeficiencies.	clinical features of 49 episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were compared with those of 39 episodes in patients with other immunosuppressive diseases. at presentation patients with the syndrome were found to have a longer median duration of symptoms (28 days versus 5 days, p = 0.0001), lower mean respiratory rate (23.4 versus 30, p = 0.005), and higher median room air arterial oxygen tension (69 mm hg versus 52 mm hg, p = 0.0002). th ...	1984	6231873
[pneumocystis carinii diffuse alveolo-interstitial pneumopathy and legionella pneumophila infection in an immunosuppressed child].		1984	6239226
follicular dendritic cells and virus-like particles in aids-related lymphadenopathy.	follicular labyrinthine foci, consisting of an association of retrovirus-like particles with expanded dendritic reticular ("antigen trapping") cells, are described in lymph nodes from four immunodeficient homosexual men with unexplained persistent lymphadenopathy. one patient has severe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) with complicating pneumocystis carinii infection, and the others have aids-related lymphadenopathy syndrome. the findings support a role for routine electron microscopy a ...	1984	6147453
prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii infection in aids with pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine.		1984	6147471
cyclosporin and steroids in renal transplantation: risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?		1984	6147670
fluorescence of pneumocystis carinii in papanicolaou smears.	pneumocystis carinii organisms can be identified in routine cytologic smears stained by the papanicolaou method and viewed under ultraviolet light in a fluorescence microscope. the organisms can be identified easily in thin, well-preserved cytologic smears. no false-positive results were obtained when 55 papanicolaou smears of bronchial washings were observed by this method. twenty-three of these smears were from patients with pneumocystic carinii pneumonia in whom the acquired immunodeficiency ...	1984	6148303
oral "hairy" leucoplakia in male homosexuals: evidence of association with both papillomavirus and a herpes-group virus.	an outbreak of a new form of oral leucoplakia, found principally on the lateral borders of the tongue, is reported in male homosexuals in the san francisco area. many of the patients showed evidence of immunosuppression, and candida was often found in the lesions. the characteristic histology is similar to that of the flat wart of skin. there was immunocytochemical evidence of papillomavirus core antigen in 77% of 30 biopsy specimens, but no papillomaviruses were detected by electron microscopy ...	1984	6148571
needlestick transmission of htlv-iii from a patient infected in africa.	this article reports a case of needlestick transmission of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) infection to a health care worker in the uk from a patient who was presumably infected while in africa. the patient, a white woman who had lived in central southern africa, presented at the hospital with general malaise, dry cough, and fever. lung biopsy revealed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia infection, and the patient was seropositive for htlv-iii infection with a titer of 260. the pati ...	1984	6150372
severe neutropenia during pentamidine treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--new york city.		1984	6422241
[acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related syndromes in hemophiliacs: status throughout the world].	the occurrence during the last 2 years of 29 cases of aids in hemophiliacs (21 in usa and 8 in europe) suggests possible transmission of this disease by blood products. all these patients had received factor viii or ix concentrates and developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or other opportunistic infections. kaposi's sarcoma was not observed in any patient. recent studies have focused on the frequency of aids-related complex in hemophiliacs, which may arise as a crucial problem. however this d ...	1984	6438770
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine. a prospective study among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a protozoal infection that, in the setting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), is often lethal and unresponsive to conventional therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine. in the present study, we have prospectively assessed the use of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, in the treatment of p carinii pneumonia in patients with aids who were intolerant or unresponsive to conventional drugs. improv ...	1984	6440364
antibody against encephalitozoon cuniculi in swedish homosexual men.	sera of 30 swedish homosexual men belonging to the group at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were examined for antibodies against various opportunistic parasites. antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi were found in 33%, to pneumocystis carinii in 43%, and to toxoplasma gondii in 37%. the results indicate that e. cuniculi might be transmitted among homosexual men.	1984	6442007
[aids in switzerland].	around 4000 cases of aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) have been recorded worldwide. in switzerland 18 cases has been reported to the federal office of public health up to february 1, 1984, of whom 15 were men and 3 women. up to now 16 of the patients have died. 9 of the people involved were homosexuals and 6 africans, but none of them was a haemophiliac or drug addict. four patients were not in a definable risk group. most of the aids patients had stayed in the usa, haiti or equatorial ...	1984	6474116
systemic lupus erythematosus and invasive thymoma: report of two cases.	two cases of invasive thymoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) are described. in both instances the suspected diagnosis of a mediastinal tumour proved difficult to confirm. neither surgical removal of the thymoma in one case nor irradiation in the other had any apparent clinical or serological effect on the course of the sle. both patients subsequently suffered from respiratory problems and the distinction between recurrent tumour and pulmonary involvement by sle proved diffic ...	1984	6524985
[a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in a homosexual].	there is increasing number of cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and in france there have been about 100 cases. the authors report one case who died within 10 months. the patient presented a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, extensive peri-anal herpes, gastro-intestinal candidiasis and, in the final stage, severe diarrhoea. in the context of this case, the authors review the principal manifestations of this new clinical entity.	1984	6545468
severe infections in childhood leukemia. a follow-up study of 100 consecutive all patients.	severe infections during the course of childhood all were surveyed as a whole in 100 consecutive patients, followed up for 2-8.5 years from the all diagnosis. the most important findings were a total absence of disseminated candidiasis, a relative infrequency of gram-negative septicemia (8 episodes), and a predominance of gram-positive cocci (29 episodes) in the 48 verified septicemias. s. aureus was responsible for 50% of culture-positive septicemias. the gram-positive predominance depended pro ...	1984	6589942
malignancies in the aids patient: natural history, treatment strategies, and preliminary results.	almost 40% of the 3000 us patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have a malignancy at the time of reporting, and the incidence of aids patients who develop a malignancy during the course of the disease may be 65-70%. 2 types of malignancies have been noted with increased frequency in aids victims: kaposi's sarcoma and malignant lymphomas. about 35% of all aids patients and 50% of homosexual or bisexual victims have developed kaposi's sarcoma, and those with coincident opportu ...	1984	6598311
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal-transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine and steroids.	fourteen of 156 renal-transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine and steroids developed pneumocystis carinii-related pneumonia (pcp) over a 19-month period. this was a significant change from past experience with this disease in renal-transplant patients receiving azathioprine and steroids (six cases among 179 patients from 1977 to 1981). epidemiological investigation failed to implicate either person-to-person or nosocomial spread of infection. cases of pcp occurred more frequently in male ...	1984	6321606
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) trends in the united states, 1978-1982.	this report summarizes results of surveillance for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states by the centers for disease control through the first quarter of 1983. surveillance has been predominantly passive, supplemented by active follow-up of requests to the centers for disease control for pentamidine isethionate for treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the 1,299 reported cases showed trends of increasing incidence among all risk groups: homosexual men (72 perc ...	1984	6322585
pneumocystis carinii: oxygen uptake, antioxidant enzymes, and susceptibility to oxygen-mediated damage.	the ability of pneumocystis carinii obtained by alveolar lavage of rats with glucocorticoid-induced pneumocystosis to utilize molecular oxygen, the concentrations of selected antioxidant enzymes, and the susceptibility of p. carinii to in vitro killing by oxygen radical-generating systems have been evaluated. as expected of an organism which has been found to convert radiolabeled glucose to co2, the parasite utilizes molecular oxygen. no evidence for pathways of oxygen utilization other than the ...	1984	6323317
coccidioidomycosis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. depressed humoral as well as cellular immunity.	progressive pulmonary coccidioidomycosis has not been previously reported in the setting of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). a patient with aids, progressive pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and disseminated cytomegalovirus is described. diagnosis of these opportunistic pathogens was made by bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy. results of traditional complement fixation serologic testing for cytomegalovirus were negative; however, the mor ...	1984	6324591
opportunistic infection complicating acquired immune deficiency syndrome. clinical features of 25 cases.	twenty-five cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) complicated by opportunistic infections were diagnosed at lenox hill hospital during an 18 month period and followed for at least 1 year or until the patients' deaths. twenty-three patients were homosexual men, including 1 i.v. drug user, and 2 were heterosexual i.v. drug users, including the sole woman. seventy infections were diagnosed. the commonest etiologic agents included candida albicans, pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus ...	1984	6325849
acquired immune deficiency syndrome: postmortem findings.	the autopsies of 13 male homosexuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reviewed. all patients had laboratory evidence of cellular immune dysfunction. the most common diagnoses made were disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in 12 patients and kaposi's sarcoma in 10. all patients infected with cytomegalovirus had pulmonary compromise. the adrenal glands and gastrointestinal tract also were involved often by cytomegalovirus. cytomegalovirus infection of organs uncommonly affect ...	1984	6326563
murine cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis carinii.		1984	6327837
assessment of therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. pcp therapy project group.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been recognized in about 60 percent of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the centers for disease control, in collaboration with 19 medical centers, retrospectively studied 282 biopsy-confirmed cases of p. carinii pneumonia to determine the efficacy and safety of anti-pneumocystis therapy. adult patients with p. carinii pneumonia secondary to aids and to other known causes of immune deficiency were enrolled. aids patients experienced ...	1984	6367458
pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised patients: diagnosis by cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	thirty pulmonary infiltrates in 26 patients were investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage. sixteen of the patients were on therapeutic immunosuppression for renal disease or transplant and 10 had leukaemia, lymphoma, or allied conditions. a rapid specific diagnosis was made in 21 (70%) episodes by cytological examination of the fluid and in 28 (93%) by a combination of cytology and microbiology. no complications from haemorrhage or pneumothorax ensued. pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii was the ...	1984	6368604
acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has been reported in more than 2800 persons in the united states (70 per cent of whom are homosexually active men). aids is manifested by impaired cell-mediated immunity that results in various opportunistic infections (especially pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii) or malignant disease (especially disseminated kaposi's sarcoma). the cause is unknown, and effective treatment is not yet available. aids apparently is not highly infectious for pe ...	1984	6369704
reversal of pentamidine-induced hypoglycaemia with oral diazoxide.	hypoglycaemia is a common and occasionally life-threatening complication of therapy with pentamidine isethionate. we observed inappropriately elevated insulin levels in a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and pentamidine-induced hypoglycaemia. oral diazoxide was effective in reversing the marked hypoglycaemia. pentamidine may exert its hypoglycaemic effect by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas.	1984	6371261
extrinsic risk factors for pneumonia in the patient at high risk of infection.	most nosocomial pathogens cause pneumonia through the following sequence: transit to the patient on the hands of medical personnel or perhaps in food, proliferation in the nasopharynx, and subsequent pulmonary aspiration. there are three exceptional pathogens, each of particular concern as a cause of pneumonia in the immunocompromised patient, which follow atypical routes. important recent advances in understanding these routes permit more rational preventive measures. this report examines the e ...	1984	6372478
treatment of respiratory infections in the patient at risk.	therapeutic intervention of varying potency and toxicity is now available for bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral pneumonia, but the problem of establishing the precise origin to evaluate treatment protocols remains. antibacterial agents reduce postinfluenzal morbidity and mortality. earlier appropriate treatment of gram-positive coccal infections has reduced mortality to less than 10 percent unless bacteremia is present. gram-negative bacillary pneumonia remains a major problem and response ...	1984	6372480
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.		1984	6373171
bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the immunosuppressed host.	the usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in the immunosuppressed patient was studied in 97 patients. in immunosuppressed patients, the available diagnostic procedures are often invasive and have variable yield and a potential for serious complications. bronchoalveolar lavage had an overall diagnostic yield of 66% (61 of 92 diseases). it was most effective in the diagnosis of opportunistic infections, including infection with pneumocystis carinii (18 of 2 ...	1984	6375497
pneumocystis carinii: a misunderstood opportunist.		1984	6381045
treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. a comparative trial of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim v pentamidine in pediatric patients with cancer: report from the children's cancer study group.	pentamidine isethionate and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim are effective in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the immunosuppressed pediatric patient. to compare their efficacy and toxicity, 25 pediatric cancer patients with biopsy-proved p carinii pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive either pentamidine intramuscularly or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim orally for 14 days. no differences in response or frequency of side effects were noted between the two drug regimens, with r ...	1984	6388315
comparison of biopsy-proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients and renal allograft recipients.	pneumonia unresponsive to antibacterial agents in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has become a new indication for lung biopsy. in 14 patients, transbronchial or open-lung biopsy demonstrated pneumocystis carinii. an additional 12 patients, who were immunosuppressed after renal transplantation, were seen with p. carinii pneumonia. the diagnosis was established by transbronchial biopsy in the majority of patients. all patients were treated initially with trimethoprim plus ...	1984	6388515
analysis of pneumocystis carinii cysts with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter.	human sera from pneumocystis carinii-infected patients and specific rabbit antisera have antibodies against the cyst form of the organism. lung tissue concentrations from cortisone-treated c3h/hen mice and six open lung biopsy-positive patients were centrifuged and suspended, and immunofluorescent staining was done. we utilized the fluorescence-activated cell sorter to analyze and sort p. carinii cysts from lung homogenates into a morphologically distinct population. a quantitative basis was use ...	1984	6392322
supportive care for children with cancer. guidelines of the childrens cancer study group. use of prophylactic antibiotics.	infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children receiving anticancer therapy. children who have severe neutropenia (neutrophil count less than 100/mm3) for longer than 2 weeks should receive oral antibiotic prophylaxis. at present, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole in combination with either nystatin or amphotericin b is the best regimen for reducing the incidence of serious infections. trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole is very effective in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneu ...	1984	6393790
evaluation of serologic tests for pneumocystis carinii antibody and antigenemia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	sera from 68 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and 135 controls were used to evaluate the indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to pneumocystis carinii and a counterimmunoelectrophoresis assay for detection of circulating pneumocystis antigen. none of these assays was helpful in the diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. an improved assay for antigenemia is needed to differentiate between clinical and subclinical infection.	1984	6399481
opportunistic infections in endogenous cushing's syndrome.	the cases of 6 patients with endogenous cushing's syndrome and opportunistic infections were studied, and compared with those of 17 similar patients reported in the literature. cushing's syndrome was caused by ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone production or adrenal tumors in most patients, and hypercortisolism was extreme. four infectious processes were preponderant: cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, nocardiosis, or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in 21 patients. signs and symptoms of in ...	1984	6331781
rapidly progressing rheumatoid arthritis: an example of polyclonal b-cell activation?	we report the case of a 76-year old woman who presented with a palindromic onset of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. after suffering from a fulminant pulmonary infection she developed serologic tests for ornitosis, mycoplasma, pneumocystis carinii and low titer yersinia. also the rheumatoid factor titer increased and the antinuclear antibody test became positive. clinically, the course of a rather benign polyarthritis changed into a rapidly progressive deforming disease. the course was also co ...	1984	6331972
five-year absence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in a pediatric oncology center.		1984	6332155
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a problem revisited.		1984	6332188