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putative lipoproteins identified by bioinformatic genome analysis of leifsonia xyli ssp. xyli, the causative agent of sugarcane ratoon stunting disease.summary leifsonia xyli ssp. xyli is the causative agent of ratoon stunting disease, a major cause of economic loss in sugarcane crops. understanding of the biology of this pathogen has been hampered by its fastidious growth characteristics in vitro. however, the recent release of a genome sequence for this organism has allowed significant novel insights. further to this, we have performed a bioinformatic analysis of the lipoproteins encoded in the l. xyli genome. these analyses suggest that lipo ...200720507484
broad distribution and phylogeny of anaerobic endophytes of cluster xiva clostridia in plant species including crops.endophytic clostridia present on various plants as obligate anaerobes were surveyed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (trflp) analysis specific to the clostridial 16s rrna gene. endophytic clostridia were detected in 10 plant types: sugarcane, cultivated rice, corn, tobacco, soybean, bermuda grass, tall fescue, and three mangrove species. phylogenetically, cluster xiva clostridia were detected more frequently than cluster i clostridia in aerial parts. isolation of clostridia f ...200821558691
infection, multiplication and evaluation of the nitrogen-fixing ability of herbaspirillum sp. strain b501gfp1 in sugarcane stems inoculated by the vacuum infiltration method.the present study was conducted with the aim of finding a suitable delivery method for introducing endophytic bacteria into new sugarcane stalks. stem pieces of cultivars nif8 and ni15 were inoculated with herbaspirillum sp. strain b501gfp1 by the vacuum infiltration method. the inoculated bacteria showed higher levels of nitrogenase activity in cultivar ni15 than nif8. the population density immediately after inoculation (10(7) cfu g [fresh weight](-1)) showed that strain b501gfp1 successfully ...200821558698
impact of organic fertilizers with and without chemical fertilizers on soil chemical properties and the establishment of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere.effects of organic fertilizers with and without the application of chemical fertilizers for seven years as part of a wheat-pearl millet cropping sequence on soil chemical properties and the establishment of nitrogen fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere were examined. the application of farmyard manure, poultry manure, and sugarcane filter cake alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers improved the soil organic c, total n, p, and k status. larger populations of azotobacter chroococcum and r ...200821558724
a rare autosomal recessive condition, congenital erythropoietic porphyria, found in the canefield rat rattus sordidus gould 1858.congenital erythropoietic porphyria (cep) is a rare autosomal recessive condition that has been reported in humans and in some animals, in which uroporphyrin 1 is deposited in the bones, teeth and urine, resulting in pink coloration and fluorescence of the tissues and urine under long-wave ultraviolet (uv) light. we observed red teeth in nine of 450 canefield rats (rattus sordidus) captured in a small, isolated patch of sugarcane in tully, north queensland, australia. the skeletons of these anim ...200821396071
molecular characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from brazilian agricultural plants at são paulo state.fourteen strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from different agricultural plant species, including cassava, maize and sugarcane, using nitrogen-deprived selective isolation conditions. ability to fix nitrogen was verified by the acetylene reduction assay. all potentially nitrogen-fixing strains tested showed positive hybridization signals with a nifh probe derived from azospirillum brasilense. the strains were characterized by rapd, ardra and 16s rdna sequence analysis. rapd analyse ...200824031239
assessment of gut bacteria for a paratransgenic approach to control dermolepida albohirtum larvae.bacteria from the hindguts of dermolepida albohirtum larvae were assessed for their potential to be used in paratransgenic strategies that target scarab pests of sugarcane. bacteria isolated in pure culture from the hindguts of d. albohirtum larvae were from the proteobacteria, firmicutes, and actinobacteria phyla and matched closely with taxa from intestinal and rhizosphere environments. however, these isolates were not the most common gut-associated bacteria identified in denaturing gradient g ...200818456847
can commercial digital cameras be used as multispectral sensors? a crop monitoring test.the use of consumer digital cameras or webcams to characterize and monitor different features has become prevalent in various domains, especially in environmental applications. despite some promising results, such digital camera systems generally suffer from signal aberrations due to the on-board image processing systems and thus offer limited quantitative data acquisition capability. the objective of this study was to test a series of radiometric corrections having the potential to reduce radio ...200827873930
detection and quantification of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne javanica), lesion nematode (pratylenchus zeae) and dagger nematode (xiphinema elongatum) parasites of sugarcane using real-time pcr.a number of different plant parasitic nematode species are found associated with sugarcane in south africa. of these, the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne javanica), the lesion nematode (pratylenchus zeae) and the dagger nematode (xiphinema elongatum) are potentially the most damaging pests. identification and enumeration of the number of these nematodes are necessary for providing advice to farmers as well as studying the effects of various treatments in field and glasshouse trials. we report on ...200818378423
polyphasic characterization of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus isolates obtained from different sugarcane varieties.a polyphasic approach was applied to characterize 35 g. diazotrophicus isolates obtained from sugarcane varieties cultivated in brazil. the isolates were analyzed by phenotypic (use of different carbon sources) and genotypic tests (ardra and risa-rflp techniques). variability among the isolates was observed in relation to the carbon source use preference. glucose and sucrose were used by all isolates in contrast to myo-inositol, galactose and ribose that were not metabolized. the results of the ...200824031296
seasonal phenology and management of tomarus subtropicus (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) in st. augustinegrass.the grub tomarus subtropicus blatchley (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) is one of the most destructive pests of turfgrass and sugarcane (saccharum spp.) in southern florida, but its life cycle has only been described in sugarcane production. preventive insecticides applied against t. subtropicus in turfgrass when adult activity and oviposition were expected in sugarcane have necessitated subsequent curative treatments. thus, the seasonal activity of t. subtropicus was monitored using uv blacklight tra ...200819133466
high poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) production by pseudomonas fluorescens a2a5 from inexpensive substrates.a strain of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (phb)-accumulating bacterium was isolated from the soil in alaska of usa, identified as pseudomonas fluorescens, and designated as strain a2a5. the organism grew at temperatures below 30°c, and accumulated a large amount of granules in its cells when it was cultured in the sugarcane liquor medium. the purified sample from cells was determined as phb by gas chromatographic and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of polyesters. the cell density of the culture in ...200822578867
enhanced biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (hch) in contaminated soils via inoculation with sphingobium indicum b90a.soil pollution with hexachlorocyclohexane (hch) has caused serious environmental problems. here we describe the targeted degradation of all hch isomers by applying the aerobic bacterium sphingobium indicum b90a. in particular, we examined possibilities for large-scale cultivation of strain b90a, tested immobilization, storage and inoculation procedures, and determined the survival and hch-degradation activity of inoculated cells in soil. optimal growth of strain b90a was achieved in glucose-cont ...200817387620
validation of a tn5 transposon mutagenesis system for gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus through characterization of a flagellar mutant.gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, which was originally isolated from the interior of sugarcane plants. the genome of strain pal5 of g. diazotrophicus has been completely sequenced and a next step is the functional characterization of its genes. the aim of this study was to establish an efficient mutagenesis method, using the commercial tn5 transposon ez::tn5<kan-2>tnp transposome (epicentre). up to 1 x 10(6) mutants per microgram of transposome were generated in a ...200818060666
effects of emulsified policosanols with different chain lengths on cholesterol metabolism in heterozygous ldl receptor-deficient mice.policosanol is a mixture of long-chain primary aliphatic saturated alcohols. previous studies in humans and animals have shown that these compounds improved lipoprotein profiles. however, more-recent placebo-controlled studies could not confirm these promising effects. octacosanol (c28), the main component of sugarcane-derived policosanol, is assumed to be the bioactive component. this has, however, never been tested in an in vivo study that compared individual policosanol components side by sid ...200818162663
novel sugarcane streak and sugarcane streak réunion mastreviruses from southern africa and la réunion.the sugarcane infecting streak viruses (sisvs) are mastreviruses (family geminiviridae) belonging to a group of "african streak viruses" (afsvs) that includes the economically devastating maize streak virus (msv). although there are three currently described sisv species (sugarcane streak virus [ssv], sugarcane streak egypt virus [ssev] and sugarcane streak réunion virus [ssrv]), only one strain variant has been fully sequenced for each of these species and as a result very little is known about ...200818175043
semi-continuous xylose-to-xylitol bioconversion by ca-alginate entrapped yeast cells in a stirred tank reactor.candida guilliermondii fti 20037 cells were entrapped in ca-alginate beads and used for xylose-to-xylitol bioconversions during five successive batches in a stirred tank reactor. supplemented sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate was used as the fermentation medium. the average volume of the ca-alginate beads was reduced by about 30% after the 600 h taken to perform the five bioconversion cycles, thus demonstrating physical instability under the conditions prevailing in the reactor vessel ...200818175152
recent advances in nitrogen-fixing acetic acid bacteria.nitrogen is an essential plant nutrient, widely applied as n-fertilizer to improve yield of agriculturally important crops. an interesting alternative to avoid or reduce the use of n-fertilizers could be the exploitation of plant growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb), capable of enhancing growth and yield of many plant species, several of agronomic and ecological significance. pgpb belong to diverse genera, including azospirillum, azotobacter, herbaspirillum, bacillus, burkholderia, pseudomonas, rhiz ...200818177965
inhibitory effect of the sugarcane cystatin canecpi-4 on cathepsins b and l and human breast cancer cell invasion.the lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsin b and l play important roles in tumor cell invasion. an imbalance between these cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors, the cystatins, has been associated with development of the metastatic phenotype. accordingly, many studies have indicated potential use of cystatins in therapeutic approaches. we report a novel cystatin from sugarcane (saccharum officinarum), canecpi-4, with strong inhibitory activity against cathepsins b (k(i) = 0.83 nm) and l (k( ...200818208350
influence of distillery effluent on germination and growth of mung bean (vigna radiata) seeds.distillery effluent or spent wash discharged as waste water contains various toxic chemicals that can contaminate water and soil and may affect the common crops if used for agricultural irrigation. toxic nature of distillery effluent is due to the presence of high amounts of organic and inorganic chemical loads and its high-acidic ph. experimental effects of untreated (raw) distillery effluent, discharged from a distillery unit (based on fermentation of alcohol from sugarcane molasses), and the ...200817928137
isolation of nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat and kinase resistance gene analogues from sugarcane (saccharum spp.).resistance gene analogues (rgas) have been isolated from many crops and offer potential in breeding for disease resistance through marker-assisted selection, either as closely linked or as perfect markers. many r-gene sequences contain kinase domains, and indeed kinase genes have been reported as being proximal to r-genes, making kinase analogues an additionally promising target. the first step towards utilizing rgas as markers for disease resistance is isolation and characterization of the sequ ...200817935262
identification and sequence analysis of potyviruses infecting crops in vietnam.fifty-two virus isolates from 13 distinct potyvirus species infecting crops in vietnam were identified and the 3' region of each genome was sequenced. the viruses were: bean common mosaic virus (bcmv), potato virus y (pvy), sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv), sorghum mosaic virus (srmv), chilli veinal mottle virus (chivmv), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv), leek yellow stripe virus (lymv), shallot yellow stripe virus (sysv), onion yellow dwarf virus (oydv), turnip mosaic virus (tumv), dasheen mosa ...200817906829
solid-state fermentation for gluconic acid production from sugarcane molasses by aspergillus niger arnu-4 employing tea waste as the novel solid support.solid-state fermentation (ssf) was evaluated to produce gluconic acid by metal resistant aspergillus niger (arnu-4) strain using tea waste as solid support and with molasses based fermentation medium. various crucial parameters such as moisture content, temperature, aeration and inoculum size were derived; 70% moisture level, 30 degrees c temperature, 3% inoculum size and an aeration volume of 2.5l min(-1) was suited for maximal (76.3 gl(-1)) gluconic acid production. non-clarified molasses base ...200817881224
simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam-pretreated bagasse using saccharomyces cerevisiae tmb3400 and pichia stipitis cbs6054.sugarcane bagasse--a residue from sugar and ethanol production from sugar cane--is a potential raw material for lignocellulosic ethanol production. this material is high in xylan content. a prerequisite for bioethanol production from bagasse is therefore that xylose is efficiently fermented to ethanol. in the current study, ethanolic fermentation of steam-pretreated sugarcane bagasse was assessed in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) set-up using either saccharomyces cerevisi ...200817787015
alpha-amylase production from catabolite derepressed bacillus subtilis kcc103 utilizing sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate.a catabolite derepressed bacillus subtilis strain kcc103 was used to produce alpha-amylase in medium containing sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate (sbh). addition of sbh (1% reducing sugar (w/v)) to the nutrient medium supported maximum alpha-amylase production of 67.4 um l(-1). hplc analysis of sbh showed the presence of glucose, xylose and arabinose in the ratio of 0.9:1.0:0.16 (w/w/w). in sbh-medium glucose and xylose were consumed completely while arabinose remained unutilized. uptake rate of glu ...200817644331
xanthan production by xanthomonas albilineans infecting sugarcane stalks.xanthomonas albilineans is the causal organism of leaf scald, a bacterial vascular disease of sugarcane. xanthomonas may invade the parenchyma between the bundles and cause reddened pockets of gum, identified as a xanthan-like polysaccharide. since xanthan contains glucuronic acid, the ability of xanthomonas to produce an active udp glucose dehydrogenase is often seen as a virulence factor. x. albilineans axenically cultured did not secrete xanthans to willbrink liquid media, but the use of inoc ...200817646030
ecological occurrence of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and nitrogen-fixing acetobacteraceae members: their possible role in plant growth promotion.gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has a long-standing history of bacterial-plant interrelationship as a symbiotic endophyte capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. in low nitrogen fertilized sugarcane fields it plays a significant role and its occurrence was realised in most of the sugarcane growing countries. in this mini review, the association of g. diazotrophicus with sugarcane, other crop plants and with various hosts is discussed. the factors affecting survival in the rhizosphere and the pu ...200817574542
[comparative qtl mapping of resistance to sugarcane mosaic virus in maize based on bioinformatics].the development of genomics and bioinformatics offers new tools for comparative gene mapping. in this paper, an integrated qtl map for sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) resistance in maize was constructed by compiling a total of 81 qtl loci available with the genetic map ibm2 2005 neighbors as reference. these 81 qtl loci were scattered on 7 chromosomes of maize, and most of them was clustered on chromosome 3 and 6. by using meta- analysis method, we identified one and two "consensus qtls" on chromo ...200818244910
effect of carbon sources on the induction of xylanolytic-cellulolytic multienzyme complexes in paenibacillus curdlanolyticus strain b-6.the effect of polymeric substances such as alpha-cellulose, birchwood xylan, corn hull, and sugarcane bagasse, and of soluble sugars such as l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-glucose, d-xylose, and cellobiose, on the induction of multienzyme complexes in a facultatively anaerobic bacterium, paenibacillus curdlanolyticus b-6, was investigated under aerobic conditions. cells and culture supernatants of strain b-6 grown on different carbon sources were analyzed. cells grown on each carbon source adhered ...200818256505
dna gyrase from the albicidin producer xanthomonas albilineans has multiple-antibiotic-resistance and unusual enzymatic properties.the sugarcane pathogen xanthomonas albilineans produces a family of antibiotics and phytotoxins termed albicidins, which inhibit plant and bacterial dna gyrase supercoiling activity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (50 nm) comparable to those of coumarins and quinolones. here we show that x. albilineans has an unusual, antibiotic-resistant dna gyrase. the x. albilineans gyra and gyrb genes are not clustered with previously described albicidin biosynthesis and self-protection genes. the gyra ...200818268084
effects of supplement type and selenium source on measures of growth and selenium status in yearling beef steers.sugarcane molasses is a widely used animal feed by-product, but is concentrated in s (approximately 1%, dm basis) and has been shown to reduce the cu status of cattle. dietary s may also antagonize se; therefore, two 90-d studies were conducted with forage-fed, yearling steers (12 pens; 2 steers/pen for each study) to investigate the impact of molasses supplementation on measures of se status. in exp. 1, steers were assigned isonitrogenous supplements with equivalent amounts of tdn from 2 source ...200818272852
nematodes of rhynchophorus palmarum, l. (coleoptera: curculionidae), vector of the red ring disease in coconut plantations from the north of the rio de janeiro state.rhynchophorus palmarum, the palm weevil, has been reported as a pest of palms and sugarcane plants. the red ring disease is an infectious plant disease caused by nematodes. the etiological agent, bursaphelencus (rhadinaphelencus) cocophilus (nematoda: aphelenchoididae), completes its life cycle within 9 to 10 days inside the palm tree. the main symptom is a permanent wilting of the plant aerial parts. previous studies stated that b. cocophilus cohabits with other nematodes the gut of r. palmarum ...200818278512
contrasting effects of hc-pro and 2b viral suppressors from sugarcane mosaic virus and tomato aspermy cucumovirus on the accumulation of sirnas.rna silencing and suppression of silencing are host and virus interactions for defense and counter-defense. here, we explored the function effect of hc-pro encoded by sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) on the suppression of rna silencing. sirna northern blotting assay indicated that the replication of scmv was regulated by host rna silencing machinery. co-expression assay demonstrated that the hc-pro encoded by scmv suppressed the rna silencing induced by sense rna and dsrna. transitive rna silencing ...200818280529
soderf3, a novel sugarcane ethylene responsive factor (erf), enhances salt and drought tolerance when overexpressed in tobacco plants.the molecular signals and pathways that govern biotic and abiotic stress responses in sugarcane are poorly understood. here we describe soderf3, a sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l. cv ja60-5) cdna that encodes a 201-amino acid dna-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional regulator of the ethylene responsive factor (erf) superfamily. like other erf transcription factors, the soderf3 protein binds to the gcc box, and its deduced amino acid sequence contains an n-terminal putative nuclear l ...200818281696
genetic variability of genome segments 3 and 9 of fiji disease virus field isolates.fiji leaf gall is an important disease of sugarcane in australia and other asia-pacific countries. the causative agent is the reovirus fiji disease virus (fdv). previous reports indicate that there is variation in pathology between virus isolates. to investigate the amount of genetic variation found in fdv, 25 field isolates from australia, papua new guinea and malaysia were analysed by partial sequencing of genome segments s3 and s9. there was up to 15% divergence in the nucleotide sequence amo ...200818299794
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation in colletotrichum falcatum and c. acutatum.agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) is becoming an effective system as an insertional mutagenesis tool in filamentous fungi. we developed and optimized atmt for two colletotrichum species, c. falcatum and c. acutatum, which are the causal agents of sugarcane red rot and pepper anthracnose, respectively. a. tumefaciens strain sk1044, carrying a hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph) and a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene, was used to transform the conidia of these two c ...200818309266
sugarcane bagasse mild alkaline/oxidative pretreatment for ethanol production by alkaline recycle process.in order to decrease the alkali and water consumptions in the sugarcane bagasse alkaline/oxidative pretreatment for ethanol production, an alkaline recycle process was carried out. two recycles of naoh/h2o2 pretreatment did not decrease the pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis efficiencies and the consumptions of naoh and water would be saved by 26% and 40%, respectively. a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) culture with pretreated bagasse as substrate was developed giving 25 ...200818327542
variation in acquisition of fiji disease virus by perkinsiella saccharicida (hemiptera: delphacidae).fiji leaf gall, caused the fiji disease virus (genus fijivirus, family reoviridae, fdv), is a serious disease of sugarcane, saccharum officinarum l., in australia and several other asia-pacific countries. in australia fdv is transmitted only by the planthopper perkinsiella saccharicida kirkaldy (hemiptera: delphacidae), in a propagative manner. successful transmission of fdv by single planthoppers confined to individual virus free plants is highly variable, even under controlled conditions. the ...200818330111
comparison of pretreatment strategies of sugarcane baggase: experimental design for citric acid production.solid state fermentation was carried out to compare efficiency of acid, alkaline and urea pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for production of citric acid using aspergillus niger atcc 9142. plackett-burman statistical design was used to evaluate significance of variables. pretreatment of bagasse by urea was known as the most influential treatment to increase citric acid production (137.6g/kg of dry sugarcane bagasse and citric acid yield of 96% based on sugar consumed). finally, up scaling was ac ...200818334291
protein expression profile of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus pal5, a sugarcane endophytic plant growth-promoting bacterium.this is the first broad proteomic description of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, an endophytic bacterium, responsible for the major fraction of the atmospheric nitrogen fixed in sugarcane in tropical regions. proteomic coverage of g. diazotrophicus pal5 was obtained by two independent approaches: 2-de followed by maldi-tof or tof-tof ms and 1-de followed by chromatography in a c18 column online coupled to an esi-q-tof or esi-it mass spectrometer. the 583 identified proteins were sorted into fu ...200818340630
comparison of three methods of parasitoid polydnavirus genomic dna isolation to facilitate polydnavirus genomic sequencing.a major long-term goal of polydnavirus (pdv) genome research is to identify novel virally encoded molecules that may serve as biopesticides to target insect pests that threaten agriculture and human health. as pdv viral replication in cell culture in vitro has not yet been achieved, several thousands of wasps must be dissected to yield enough viral dna from the adult ovaries to carry out pdv genomic sequencing. this study compares three methods of pdv genomic dna isolation for the pdv of cotesia ...200818348210
relationships between chemical properties of larval media and development of two stomoxys species (diptera: muscidae) from reunion island.the development of two cattle pests, stomoxys calcitrans l. and stomoxys niger niger macquart (diptera: muscidae), was studied in the laboratory using seven potential larval media from a dairy farm on reunion island. the media were six types of cattle feed and an old manure medium. egg-to-adult survival, duration of development, and adult live weight at emergence were determined for both fly species on each medium. the media were analyzed for ph, nitrogen, organic matter, and structural compound ...200818348795
effects of soybean proteinase inhibitors on development of the soil mite scheloribates praeincisus (acari: oribatida).proteinase inhibitors (pi) are present in plant tissues, especially in seeds, and act as a defense mechanism against herbivores and pathogens. serine pi from soybean such as bowman-birk (bbpi) and kunitz have been used to enhance resistance of sugarcane varieties to the sugarcane borer diatraea saccharalis (fabricius) (lepidoptera: crambidae), the major pest of this crop. the use of these genetically-modified plants (gm) expressing pi requires knowledge of its sustainability and environmental sa ...200818357504
the genomic sequence and biological properties of pennisetum mosaic virus, a novel monocot-infecting potyvirus.the complete nucleotide sequences of two isolates of pennisetum mosaic virus (penmv) were determined. the viral genome comprised 9,611 nucleotides (nt) excluding the 3'-terminal poly(a) sequence, with the capacity of encoding a single polyprotein of 3,065 amino acids. the large open reading frame is flanked by a 172-nt 5'-untranslated region (utr) and a 244-nt 3'-utr. sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome and polyproteins suggest that penmv is closely related to o ...200818365128
differential expression analysis by cdna-aflp of saccharum spp. after inoculation with the host pathogen sporisorium scitamineum.a differential expression study on the saccharum spp.-sporisorium scitamineum pathogenic interaction was carried out in the susceptible ja60-5 and the resistant m31/45 genotypes. using cdna-aflp analysis, a total of 64 transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) was found to be differentially expressed, with the majority (67.2%) of the differential tdfs up-regulated in the resistant m31/45 cultivar. the plant response against s. scitamineum infection was complex, representing major genes involved in oxi ...200818379790
genetic diversity of endophytic bacteria which could be find in the apoplastic sap of the medullary parenchym of the stem of healthy sugarcane plants.the genetic diversity of 29 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from apoplastic sap of the medullary parenchym of the stem of healthy sugarcane plants grown in cuba was analysed by two primers-ramdom amplified polymorphic dna fingerprinting (tp-rapd) and 16s rrna gene sequencing. the strains were distributed into 17 groups on the basis of their tp-rapd patterns, and a representative strain from each group was subjected to 16s rrna gene sequencing. analysis of these sequences showed that the is ...200818383223
batch fermentation model of propionic acid production by propionibacterium acidipropionici in different carbon sources.propionic acid (pa) is widely used as additive in animal feed and also in the manufacturing of cellulose-based plastics, herbicides, and perfumes. salts of propionic acid are used as preservative in food. pa is mainly produced by chemical synthesis. nowadays, pa production by fermentation of low-cost industrial wastes or renewable sources has been an interesting alternative. in the present investigation, pa production by propionibacterium acidipropionici atcc 4965 was studied using a basal mediu ...200818386184
a comparison between lime and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatments of sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production.pretreatment procedures of sugarcane bagasse with lime (calcium hydroxide) or alkaline hydrogen peroxide were evaluated and compared. analyses were performed using 2(3) factorial designs, with pretreatment time, temperature, and lime loading and hydrogen peroxide concentration as factors. the responses evaluated were the yield of total reducing sugars (trs) and glucose released from pretreated bagasse after enzymatic hydrolysis. experiments were performed using the bagasse, as it comes from an a ...200818404254
effects of entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus temperata infection on the intestinal microbiota of the sugarcane stalk borer diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae).photorhabdus temperata is an entomopathogenic bacterium that is associated with nematodes of the heterorhabditidae family in a symbiotic relationship. this study investigated the effects of p. temperata infection on the intestinal microbiota of the sugarcane stalk borer diatraea saccharalis. histopathology of the infection was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy. groups of 20 larvae were infected by injection of approximately 50 bacterial cells directly into the hemocoel. after ...200818406423
analysis of kinetic and operational parameters in a structured model for acrylic acid production through experimental design.in biotechnological processes, a great number of factors can influence the income productivity and conversion. normally, it is not evident which of these factors are the most important and how they interact. in this work, multivariate analysis techniques are used as experimental design coupled to a detailed deterministic model to identify the parameters with the most significant impact on the model to represent well the acrylic acid production process. it is proposed as an alternative process, h ...200818418750
characterization and genetic diversity of sugarcane streak mosaic virus causing mosaic in sugarcane.sixty-three sugarcane leaf samples were collected from fifty-eight sugarcane varieties, evolved from eleven major sugarcane growing states in india, australia, south africa and usa. in rt-pcr, using gene specific primers for sugarcane streak mosaic virus (scsmv)-cp, 58 of 63 sugarcane samples were found positive to the virus infection and rest of the five samples were negative. partial cp gene sequences of 42 scsmv isolates including an isolate from aphid colony (melanaphis indosacchari) infeste ...200818427969
viruses causing mosaic disease in sugarcane and their genetic diversity in southern china.a survey of cultivated hybrid sugarcane (saccharum inter-specific hybrid) and noble sugarcane (saccharum officinarum) in southern china for the presence of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv), sorghum mosaic virus (srmv) and sugarcane streak mosaic virus (scsmv) was conducted by rt-pcr from the years 2003 to 2006. scmv and srmv, but not scsmv, were found. a high incidence of scmv and srmv coinfection was revealed in both hybrid and noble sugarcanes. all coinfected plants showed mosaic symptom, whereas ...200818438601
predicting economic losses from the continued spread of the mexican rice borer (lepidoptera: crambidae).the mexican rice borer, eoreuma loftini (dyar) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is an invasive species that originated from mexico, and it is threatening to cause major economic losses to sugarcane, saccharum spp., and rice, oryza sativa l., industries in louisiana. the insect is expected to reach sugarcane and rice production areas in louisiana by 2008, and infest all of louisiana sugarcane and rice industries by 2035. when all sugarcane in louisiana becomes infested, annual yield losses of $220 milli ...200818459384
allele frequency of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab corn in louisiana populations of sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae).transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l., has been widely used to manage a corn borer complex in the mid-southern region of the united states. the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae), has become a dominant cornstalk boring species in some areas of this region, especially in louisiana. therefore, management of sugarcane borer resistance to bt corn is critical to ensure the long-term sustainability of bt corn for the region. this study screened 280 t ...200818459416
[climatic aspects in hantavirus transmission areas in são paulo state, brazil].the objective of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of reported hantavirus cases in são paulo state, brazil (n = 80), from 1993 to 2005 and identify local climatic patterns during this period. kernel point estimation of density was used to show the highest concentrations in ribeirão preto, são carlos, franca, tupi paulista, and greater são paulo. increase in the number of cases during this period suggests disease dissemination even when considering increased diagnostic capaci ...200818461243
microbial utilization and biopolyester synthesis of bagasse hydrolysates.cellulosic biomass is a potentially inexpensive renewable feedstock for the biorefineries of fuels, chemicals and materials. sugarcane bagasse was pretreated in dilute acid solution under moderately severe conditions, releasing sugars and other hydrolysates including volatile organic acids, furfurals and acid soluble lignin. utilization of the hydrolysates by an aerobic bacterium, ralstonia eutropha, was investigated to determine if the organic inhibitors can be removed for potential recycling a ...200818474421
variation in the nature of organic acid secretion and mineral phosphate solubilization by citrobacter sp. dhrss in the presence of different sugars.a novel phosphate solubilizing bacterium (psb) was isolated from the rhizosphere of sugarcane and is capable of utilizing sucrose and rock phosphate as the sole carbon and phosphate source, respectively. this psb exhibited mineral phosphate solubilizing (mps) phenotype on sugars such as sucrose and fructose, which are not substrates for enzyme glucose dehydrogenase (gdh), along with gdh substrates, viz., glucose, xylose, and maltose, as carbon sources. pcr amplification of the rrna gene and sequ ...200817965911
radium-226 in sugar cane, saccharum officinarum, products in the state of pernambuco, brazil.the objective of this study was to determine the 226ra concentrations in samples of sugar cane juice, which is sold for human consumption in the city of recife, capital of the state of pernambuco, brazil. the sample collections were carried out in seventeen commercial establishments where high quantities of the juice are usually sold. the methodology used to determine the concentrations of 226ra in the juice was based on 222rn emanation classical technique. concentrations of 226ra in the samples ...200818500415
extraction of inulinase obtained by solid state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse by kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571.production of inulinase by solid state fermentation always involves an extraction step, which dictates enzyme recovery yield and is related to cultivation conditions and control of process parameters. this work is focused on the study of extraction conditions aiming to maximize yield of an inulinase obtained by solid state fermentation of sugar cane bagasse and kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571. kinetics of extraction was followed varying the kind of solvent used. after determining the best so ...200818500581
long-term effects of d-003, a mixture of high molecular weight acids from sugarcane wax, on bones of ovariectomized rats: a one year study.this study was done to determine the long-term effect of d-003 on bones of ovariectomized (ovx) rats distrib-uted in 4 groups: a false-operated and three groups of ovx rats: one treated with the vehicle and two with d-003 (5 and 250 mg/kg). d-003 significantly prevented, in a dose-dependent fashion, the trabecular bone volume (tbv), trabecular number (tbn) and trabecular thickness (tbth) reduction induced in ovx rats and the increase of trabecular separation (tbsp) osteoclast number (ocn) and os ...200818604996
establishment of cotesia flavipes (hymenoptera: braconidae) in sugarcane fields of ethiopia and origin of founding population.cotesia flavipes (cameron) (hymenoptera: braconidae) is used as a classical biological control agent against chilo partellus (swinhoe) (lepidoptera: crambidae), a serious exotic pest of cereal crops in eastern and southern africa. this parasitoid has been introduced into several african countries for the control of c. partellus in maize, zea mays l., and sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.), but it has never been released in ethiopia. it is hypothesized that it spread into ethiopia from populations rel ...200818613566
evolutionary relationship between defensins in the poaceae family strengthened by the characterization of new sugarcane defensins.plant defensins are small (45-54 amino acids), highly basic, cysteine-rich peptides structurally related to defensins of other organisms, including insects and mammals. small putative proteins (mw < 10 kda) containing eight cysteines were screened based on the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (est) database. we selected orfs that exhibited 25-100% similarity in primary sequence with other defensins in the ncbi database and that contained eight cysteines. this similarity is sufficient for folding ...200818618271
land-use planning in the chaco plain (burruyacú, argentina). part 1: evaluating land-use options to support crop diversification in an agricultural frontier area using physical land evaluation.the burruyacú district (tucumán province, argentina) is a farming frontier in the western chaco plain, at the foothills of the sub-andean mountain ranges, where agricultural land-uses are in conflict with the conservation and management of the chaco forest. over the last decades, large-scale farming rapidly expanded due to population pressure, attractive market prices, easy accessibility, favourable annual rainfall, fertile soils, and flexible land tenure. cropland extension, mainly for heavily ...200818850245
identification of three genotypes of sugarcane yellow leaf virus causing yellow leaf disease from india and their molecular characterization.sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) that causes yellow leaf disease (yld) in sugarcane (recently reported in india) belongs to polerovirus. detailed studies were conducted to characterize the virus based on partial open reading frames (orfs) 1 and 2 and complete orfs 3 and 4 sequences in their genome. reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was performed on 48 sugarcane leaf samples to detect the virus using a specific set of primers. of the 48 samples, 36 samples (field samples ...200818751882
in vitro rearing of perkinsiella saccharicida and the use of leaf segments to assay fiji disease virus transmission.fiji leaf gall (flg) is caused by the reovirus, fiji disease virus (fdv), which is transmitted to sugarcane by planthoppers of the genus perkinsiella. low vector transmission rates and slow disease symptom development make experimentation within the fdv-perkinsiella-sugarcane system inherently difficult. a laboratory-based technique was devised to rear the vector using sugarcane leaves as a food source. planthoppers were reared on sugarcane leaf segments embedded in agarose enclosed within plast ...200818943257
a comparison between lime and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatments of sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production.pretreatment procedures of sugarcane bagasse with lime (calcium hydroxide) or alkaline hydrogen peroxide were evaluated and compared. analyses were performed using 2 x 2 x 2 factorial designs, with pretreatment time, temperature, and lime loading and hydrogen peroxide concentration as factors. the responses evaluated were the yield of total reducing sugars (trs) and glucose released from pretreated bagasse after enzymatic hydrolysis. experiments were performed using the bagasse as it comes from ...200818767207
mitochondrial nucleotide variability in invasive populations of the root weevil diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) of florida and preliminary assessment of diaprepes sp. from dominica.diaprepes abbreviatus (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae) is a root weevil introduced into the united states from the caribbean in 1964. it is associated with >300 plants, including citrus, sugarcane, and potatoes. d. abbreviatus is widespread in florida, and it has recently been detected in limited areas of california and texas. the purpose of this research is to evaluate the utility of 16s ribosomal (16s rrna) and cytochrome oxidase i (coi) mitochondrial markers for the delineation of genetic pop ...200818767759
radiological hazards of narghile (hookah, shisha, goza) smoking: activity concentrations and dose assessment.narghile (hookah, shisha, goza, "water-pipe") smoking has become fashionable worldwide. its tobacco pastes, known as moassel and jurak, are not standardized and generally contain about 30-50% (sometimes more) tobacco, molasses/juice of sugarcane, various spices and dried fruits (particularly in jurak) and, in the case of moassel, glycerol and flavoring essences. tobacco contains minute amounts of radiotoxic elements such as (210)pb, (210)po and uranium, which are inhaled via smoking. only very f ...200818768240
the pic19 nbs-lrr gene family members are closely linked to scmv1, but not involved in maize resistance to sugarcane mosaic virus.sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) is the causal pathogen for a severe mosaic virus disease of maize worldwide. in our previous research, the maize resistance gene analog (rga) pic19 and its three cognate bac contigs were mapped to the same region as the scmv resistance gene scmv1. here we report the isolation and characterization of the pic19r gene family members from the inbred line fap1360a, which shows complete resistance to scmv. two primer pairs were designed based on the conserved regions amon ...200818772945
effects of entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus temperata infection on the digestive enzymes of diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) larvae.this study investigated the effects of photorhabdus temperata infection on the activities of digestive enzymes of the sugarcane stalk borer diatraea saccharalis. non-infected d. saccharalis larvae present a major alpha-amylase, several proteinases, three sucrose hydrolases and two alpha-glucosidases in their midgut. analysis of these hydrolases by electrophoresis and "in gel" assays showed that the activities of all enzymes decreased following infection, with an initial decline observed 12 h aft ...200818782059
pilot study of manual sugarcane harvesting using biomechanical analysis.in many countries, sugar cane harvesting is a very labor-intensive activity in which workers usually become fatigued after manually cutting the cane for a few hours. they need frequent pauses for rest, and they experience sustained injuries from excessive stress on the joints and muscles of the body. the cutting tool and motion involved directly influence the stresses created. a cutting tool that has not been designed by taking into consideration occupational biomechanics can lead to unnecessary ...200818788332
characterization of new is elements and studies of their dispersion in two subspecies of leifsonia xyli.leifsonia xyli is a xylem-inhabiting bacterial species comprised of two subspecies: l. xyli subsp. xyli (lxx) and l. xyli subsp. cynodontis (lxc). lxx is the causal agent of ratoon stunting disease in sugarcane commercial fields and lxc colonizes the xylem of several grasses causing either mild or no symptoms of disease. the completely sequenced genome of lxx provided insights into its biology and pathogenicity. since is elements are largely reported as an important source of bacterial genome di ...200818655699
saccharibacillus sacchari gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from sugar cane.a bacterial strain designated gr21t was isolated from apoplastic fluid of saccharum officinarum (sugar cane). phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family 'paenibacillaceae', with paenibacillus as the closest related genus. within this genus, the closest related species is paenibacillus xylanilyticus, with 93.4 % similarity to the sequence of the type strain. the isolate has gram-variable, facultatively anaerobic, rod-sh ...200818676467
study of sugarcane pieces as yeast supports for ethanol production from sugarcane juice and molasses.due to the environmental concerns and the increasing price of oil, bioethanol was already produced in large amount in brazil and china from sugarcane juice and molasses. in order to make this process competitive, we have investigated the suitability of immobilized saccharomyces cerevisiae strain as2.1190 on sugarcane pieces for production of ethanol. electron microscopy clearly showed that cell immobilization resulted in firm adsorption of the yeast cells within subsurface cavities, capillary fl ...200818685877
significant improvement of stress tolerance in tobacco plants by overexpressing a stress-responsive aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from maize (zea mays).aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldhs) play a central role in detoxification processes of aldehydes generated in plants when exposed to the stressed conditions. in order to identify genes required for the stresses responses in the grass crop zea mays, an aldh (zmaldh22a1) gene was isolated and characterized. zmaldh22a1 belongs to the family aldh22 that is currently known only in plants. the zmaldh22a1 encodes a protein of 593 amino acids that shares high identity with the orthologs from saccharum offic ...200818688729
production of ethanol by filamentous and yeast-like forms of mucor indicus from fructose, glucose, sucrose, and molasses.the fungus mucor indicus is found in this study able to consume glucose and fructose, but not sucrose in fermentation of sugarcane and sugar beet molasses. this might be an advantage in industries which want to selectively remove glucose and fructose for crystallisation of sucrose present in the molasses. on the other hand, the fungus assimilated sucrose after hydrolysis by the enzyme invertase. the fungus efficiently grew on glucose and fructose and produced ethanol in synthetic media or from m ...200818712551
decolorization of synthetic melanoidins-containing wastewater by a bacterial consortium.the presence of melanoidins in molasses wastewater leads to water pollution both due to its dark brown color and its cod contents. in this study, a bacterial consortium isolated from waterfall sediment was tested for its decolorization. the identification of culturable bacteria by 16s rdna based approach showed that the consortium composed of klebsiella oxytoca, serratia mercescens, citrobacter sp. and unknown bacterium. in the context of academic study, prevention on the difficulties of providi ...200818712559
tomid parasites in fish in the olifants and comati river systems, south africa.during parasitological field surveys of freshwater fish, sebekiid and subtriquetrid pentastome larvae were recovered from the body cavity or swim bladder of several fish species from various localities in limpopo and mpumalanga provinces, south africa. sebekia wedli was recovered from the body cavity of marcusenius macrolepidotus (mormyridae) from flag boshielo dam, limpopo province, and alofia sp. and subtriquetra rileyi were found in the swim bladder of oreochromis mossambicus (cichlidae) from ...200819294988
alpha-amylase production by streptomyces erumpens mtcc 7317 in solid state fermentation using response surface methodology (rsm).production of alpha-amylase under solid state fermentation by streptomyces erumpens mtcc 7317 has been investigated using different agro-industrial residues, i.e. cassava bagasse, sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran; wheat bran was found to be the best substrate. among different nitrogen source supplemented to wheat bran, beef extract or peptone (1%) showed maximum enzyme production. response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of main process parameters as incubation period (48 h), ...200819275042
peanut clump virus transmission by polymyxa graminis under controlled conditions.more than fifteen soil-borne viruses belonging to the beny-, bymo-, furo- or pecluvirus, causing diseases on cereals and groundnut, are transmitted by the soil-borne protist root endoparasite polymyxo graminis. five special forms are distinguished within this species on the basis of their specific ecological and molecular characteristics, but the specificity of the transmission of the viruses by these forms has been little investigated. in order to analyse the virus-vector interaction, the trans ...200819226743
utilization of sugarcane industrial residues as animal food and probiotic medium.sugar production from sugarcane generates residual products, currently, many of which are waste products. at the same time, introduction of probiotic bacteria to food animals needs an economical production medium. fermentation of sugarcane blunting, an industrial residue, inoculated with ruminant probiotic bacteria was investigated. fermentation was carried out using native flora (nf) alone, nf plus a goat probiotic lactic acid bacterium (lab), and nf plus goat probiotic co-inoculated with two l ...200819000612
organophosphorus derivatives containing isatin-3-hydrazones as chemotherapeutants against fungal pathogens of sugarcane.a total of 20 novel organophosphorus derivatives have been synthesized by the reactions of o,o-diethylchlorophosphate/thiophosphate with isatin-3-(substituted benzoic acid/phenoxy acetic acid hydrazones). the derivatives have been characterized on the basis of analysis and spectral (ir and (1)h and (13)c nmr) data. fungicidal activities of the derivatives against colletotrichum falcatum , fusarium oxysporum , and curvularia pallescence have been evaluated. the screening results have been correla ...200818954075
production of a his-tagged canecystatin in transgenic sugarcane and subsequent purification.transgenic plants have been used widely as expression systems of recombinant proteins in recent years. this process can be an efficient alternative for the large-scale production of proteins. in this work, we present the establishment of transgenic sugarcane expressing a his-tagged canecystatin under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. a number of studies have demonstrated that cystatins, which are natural inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, can be used for protection against insect att ...200819194914
simple sequence repeat markers useful for sorghum downy mildew (peronosclerospora sorghi) and related species.a recent outbreak of sorghum downy mildew in texas has led to the discovery of both metalaxyl resistance and a new pathotype in the causal organism, peronosclerospora sorghi. these observations and the difficulty in resolving among phylogenetically related downy mildew pathogens dramatically point out the need for simply scored markers in order to differentiate among isolates and species, and to study the population structure within these obligate oomycetes. here we present the initial results f ...200819040756
assembly of recombinant coat protein of sugarcane streak mosaic virus into potyvirus-like particles.coat protein (cp) gene of sugarcane streak mosaic virus-ap isolate (scsmv-ap) was expressed in e. coli and recombinant cp (scsmv-ap rcp) was purified by linear sucrose density gradient centrifugation. observation of purified scsmv-ap rcp under electron microscope revealed the presence of potyvirus-like particles (pvlps). the assembled particles were shown to encapsidate cp gene transcripts by slot-blot hybridization.200819090352
the brazilian biofuels industry.ethanol is a biofuel that is used as a replacement for approximately 3% of the fossil-based gasoline consumed in the world today. most of this biofuel is produced from sugarcane in brazil and corn in the united states. we present here the rationale for the ethanol program in brazil, its present 'status' and its perspectives. the environmental benefits of the program, particularly the contribution of ethanol to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, are discussed, as well as the limitations t ...200818471272
oxidation in acidic medium of lignins from agricultural residues.agricultural residues as sugarcane straw and bagasse are burned in boilers for generation of energy in sugar and alcohol industries. however, excess of those by-products could be used to obtain products with higher value. pulping process generates cellulosic pulps and lignin. the lignin could be oxidized and applied in effluent treatments for heavy metal removal. oxidized lignin presents very strong chelating properties. lignins from sugarcane straw and bagasse were obtained by ethanol-water pul ...200818418748
[sugar cane burning in brazil: respiratory health effects].the article aimed to update scientific literature information about respiratory health effects caused by sugarcane burning, considering the expansion of sugarcane plantations in brazil and in the state of são paulo. articles published between 1996 and 2006, which deal with the health effects of sugarcane burning and/or air pollutants originating from this burning, were discussed. these studies suggest that part of the population--especially the elderly, children and asthmatics--suffers health ef ...200818327496
sugarcane functional genomics: gene discovery for agronomic trait development.sugarcane is a highly productive crop used for centuries as the main source of sugar and recently to produce ethanol, a renewable bio-fuel energy source. there is increased interest in this crop due to the impending need to decrease fossil fuel usage. sugarcane has a highly polyploid genome. expressed sequence tag (est) sequencing has significantly contributed to gene discovery and expression studies used to associate function with sugarcane genes. a significant amount of data exists on regulato ...200818273390
identification of new aba- and meja-activated sugarcane bzip genes by data mining in the sucest database.sugarcane is generally propagated by cuttings of the stalk containing one or more lateral buds, which will develop into a new plant. the transition from the dormant into the active stage constitutes a complex phenomenon characterized by changes in accumulation of phytohormones and several other physiological aspects. abscisic acid (aba) and methyl-jasmonate (meja) are major signaling molecules, which influence plant development and stress responses. these plant regulators modulate gene expressio ...200817968554
expansion of sugarcane ethanol production in brazil: environmental and social challenges.several geopolitical factors, aggravated by worries of global warming, have been fueling the search for and production of renewable energy worldwide for the past few years. such demand for renewable energy is likely to benefit the sugarcane ethanol industry in brazil, not only because sugarcane ethanol has a positive energetic balance and relatively low production costs, but also because brazilian ethanol has been successfully produced and used as biofuel in the country since the 1970s. however, ...200818536250
tolerance and compensatory response of rice to sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) injury.a 3-yr field experiment was conducted to evaluate the tolerance and compensatory response of rice (oryza sativa l.) to injury caused by sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), as affected by cultivar (cocodrie, francis, and jefferson), stage of crop growth during which the injury occurred (third tiller stage, panicle differentiation stage, and heading stage), and sugarcane borer density. the proportion of rice tillers with sugarcane borer injury (leaf and leaf sheath injury and/or stem injur ...200818559187
effectiveness of attract-and-kill systems using methyl eugenol incorporated with neonicotinoid insecticides against the oriental fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae).laboratory bioassays and field trials were conducted to evaluate an "attract-and-kill" system using methyl eugenol (me) with neonicotinoid insecticides against male oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis (hendel) (diptera: tephritidae). in laboratory bioassays, mortality of male flies resulting from the conventional toxicant, naled was 98.3-100% at 24 through 72 h after treatment, whereas the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and acetamiprid caused only approximately 60-80% at 24 through ...200818459398
spherites in the midgut epithelial cells of the sugarcane borer parasitized by cotesia flavipes.diatraea saccharalis, the main pest of sugarcane, has been controlled by cotesia flavipes. very little is known about the effect of parasitism on the host organs, including the midgut. the lepidoptera midgut epithelium is composed of columnar, goblet, regenerative, and endocrine cells. spherites have been described in columnar and regenerative cells of several lepidoptera species, and presented a lot of functional meaning. we identified spherites in the midgut epithelial cells of non-parasitized ...200818669324
selection and life history traits of tebufenozide-resistant sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae).varying susceptibility to tebufenozide was recorded in the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae), collected from louisiana sugarcane locations with different selection pressures. results from diet incorporation bioassays with tebufenozide indicated significant increases in lc50 (3.78-fold) and lc90 (7-fold) values for a colony from duson (du), an area with higher selection pressure, compared with a colony from alexandria (alex), an area with no selection pressure. d ...200819133473
impact of filter mud applications on the germination of sugarcane and small-seeded plants and on soil and sugarcane nitrogen contents.the impact of filter mud (fm) on the germination of sugarcane (saccharum spp.), guar (cyamopsis tetragonoloba), maize (zea mays), groundnut (arachis hypogaea) and sesame (sesamum indicum), and the nitrogen content of soil and sugarcane were investigated. experiments were set up in 2004 at the kenana sugarcane estate, sudan. for this study, 1:0,3:1,1:1,1:3 and 0:1 fm/soil (w/w) mixtures were used. the results showed that fm had no adverse impact on germination. soil organic carbon and total nitro ...200817945488
genetic diversity and relationships in native hawaiian saccharum officinarum sugarcane.commercial sugarcane hybrid cultivars currently in production are high-yielding, disease-resistant, millable canes and are the result of years of breeding work. in hawaii, these commercial hybrids are quite distinct from many saccharum officinarum canes still in existence that were brought to the islands and cultivated by the native polynesians. the actual genetic relationships among the native canes and the extent to which they contributed to the commercial hybrid germplasm has been the subject ...200815247312
genetic control of yield related stalk traits in sugarcane.a major focus of sugarcane variety improvement programs is to increase sugar yield, which can be accomplished by either increasing the sugar content of the cane or by increasing cane yield, as the correlation between these traits is low. we used a cross between an australian sugarcane variety q165, and a saccharum officinarum accession, ij76-514, to dissect the inheritance of yield-related traits in the complex polyploid sugarcane. a population of 227 individuals was grown in a replicated field ...200818719878
verification test of sensory analyses of comb and strained honeys produced as pure and feeding intensively with sucrose (saccharum officinarum l.) syrup.the aims of the study were to discriminate comb and strained honeys produced by the standard beekeeping method (control), shaking method (pure blossom honey), and feeding intensively (100kg/colony) with sucrose (adulterated honey) syrup by using sensory analysis and to develop a method to be used in identification of unknown or suspicion honey samples. in the study, twenty trained panelists assessed honey samples in relation to their properties including taste, odor, color, aroma, viscosity, dis ...200826050005
growth at elevated co(2) delays the adverse effects of drought stress on leaf photosynthesis of the c(4) sugarcane.sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l. cv. cp72-2086) was grown in sunlit greenhouses at daytime [co(2)] of 360 (ambient) and 720 (elevated)mumolmol(-1). drought stress was imposed for 13d when plants were 4 months old, and various photosynthetic parameters and levels of nonstructural carbohydrates were determined for uppermost fully expanded leaves of well-watered (control) and drought stress plants. control plants at elevated [co(2)] were 34% and 25% lower in leaf stomatal conductance (g(s)) and ...200918462832
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