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the physical location of fourteen rflp markers in rice (oryza sativa l.).a biotin-labeled in situ hybridization technique was used in order to physically map rflp markers to the chromosomes of rice (oryza sativa l.). fourteen rflp markers, associated with the ends of the linkage groups on rice chromosomes 7, 8, 11, 12, were physically mapped onto specific regions of the chromosomes. the average detection rate of in situ hybridization was 5.91%. the markers were located on seven different chromosome arms. ten of the fourteen markers were distributed near the chromosom ...199524173791
effects of air pollution on rice yield in the pakistan punjab.a study using open-top chambers ventilated with ambient or charcoal filtered air in the vicinity of lahore, pakistan demonstrated reductions of 42% and 37% in the grain yield of two cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.). this yield reduction was primarily due to the reduction in mean panicle number per plant, although significant effects of filtration on 1000 grain weight and the number of filled grains per panicle were also detected. the 6-h daily mean o(3) concentrations were only 10-20 nl litre ...199515091465
developmental and hormonal regulation of rice [alpha]-amylase(ramy1a)-gusa fusion genes in transgenic rice seeds.transgenic seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.) were used to investigate temporal, spatial, and hormonal regulation of a rice [alpha]-amylase gene, ramy1a. two overlapping segments of the ramy1a promoter were fused to the coding region of the bacterial reporter gene, gusa. the resulting promoter-gusa fusions, pe4/gus (-232 to +31) and ph4/gus (-748 to +31), were used separately to transform rice protoplasts. [beta]-glucuronidase (gus) activity was detected in germinated transgenic seeds, although the ...199512228339
characterization of a rice gene family encoding root-specific proteins.two cdna clones (rcc2 and rcc3) corresponding to mrnas highly expressed only in root tissues of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings were characterized. respectively, they encode polypeptides of 146 (14.5 kda) and 133 amino acids (13.4 kda) that share high (> 70%) sequence similarity with a polypeptide encoded by a cdna (zrp3) encoding an mrna preferentially expressed in young maize roots. genomic dna blot analysis revealed that they are members of a small gene family and rcg2, the gene correspondin ...19957888615
molecular and physiological responses to abscisic acid and salts in roots of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant indica rice varieties.the indica rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties pokkali and nona bokra are well-known salt tolerance donors in classical breeding. in an attempt to understand the molecular basis of their tolerance, physiological and gene expression studies were initiated. the effect of abscisic acid (aba) on total proteins in roots from 12-d-old seedlings of pokkali, nona bokra, and the salt-sensitive cultivar taichung n1 were analyzed on two-dimensional gels. the abundance of aba-induced proteins was highest in th ...19957870812
polymorphism and genetic relatedness among wild and cultivated rice species determined by ap-pcr analysis.we have applied the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-pcr) technique to the analysis of the relationships among six japonica and indica cultivars, and four wild species of rice. chosen were four primers of arbitrary sequence that gave multiple amplification products when rice dna was used as template. among a total of 50 bands scored, 44 were polymorphic, which was sufficient to distinguish the species used in this study. it is apparent from the comparisons of genetic distances th ...19957558882
an epitope of rice threonine- and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein is common to cell wall and hydrophobic plasma-membrane glycoproteins.a monoclonal antibody, lm1, has been derived that has a high affinity for an epitope of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (hrgps). in suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells the epitope is carried by three major proteins with different biochemical properties. the most abundant is the 95-kda extracellular rice extensin, a threonine- and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (thrgp) occurring in the cell wall and secreted into the medium. this thrgp can be selectively oxidatively cross-linked ...19957544182
morphometric analysis of rice seed protein bodies (implication for a significant contribution of prolamine to the total protein content of rice endosperm).electron microscopic observation of thin sections of rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperm revealed two types of protein bodies (pbs): spherical and irregular-shaped ones. immunocytochemical localization studies using antibodies raised against purified glutelins, prolamines, and globulins indicated that the prolamines were localized in the spherical pb, whereas the irregular-shaped pb contained glutelins and globulins. we counted and measured the surface area and the relative volume of 2303 pbs rando ...199512228685
mitochondrial plasmid-like dnas of the b1 family in the genus oryza: sequence heterogeneity and evolution.four kinds of circular plasmid-like dna, designated b1, b2, b3 and b4, have been found in the mitochondria of oryza sativa l. with an aa genome. three novel b1-homologous mitochondrial plasmid-like dnas, designated, m1, m2 and m3, were isolated in the present study from strains with cc and ccdd genomes in the genus oryza. we cloned and sequenced these dnas and found that the sequences of these molecules have wide regions of homology. b1, m2 and m3 each lack about 300 bp of a region that is prese ...19958790446
genomic organization of 57 ribosomal protein genes in rice (oryza sativa l.) through rflp mapping.four hundred cdna clones from rice (oryza sativa l.) callus and root cdna libraries, with a high similarity to about 70 kinds of ribosomal proteins (r-protein) in eukaryotic as well as procaryotic organisms, were identified by their deduced amino acid sequences. southern hybridization of 114 independent cdna clones with total rice genomic dna showed 77 distinct and specific hybridization patterns. of the 77 clones representing the above hybridization patterns, copies of 67 clones corresponding t ...19958654915
frequency of microsatellite sequences in rice (oryza sativa l.).this study was undertaken to estimate the relative frequencies of 13 microsatellite motifs in the rice genome as a basis for efficient development of a microsatellite map. two dinucleotide, seven trinucleotide, and four tetranucleotide repeat motifs were end labelled and used as hybridization probes to screen genomic and cdna libraries of rice, cv. ir36. optimal washing temperatures for identification of clones containing specific microsatellite motifs were estimated based on washing temperature ...19958654913
inhibition of gibberellin-induced elongation growth of rice by feruloyl oligosaccharides.the biological activity of cell wall-derived feruloyl oligosaccharides was investigated using a modified micro-drop bioassay. a feruloyl arabinoxylan trisaccharide (faxx) and a feruloyl arabinoxylan tetrasaccharide (faxxx) were found to inhibit the gibberellin-induced elongation of dwarf rice (oryza sativa l., cv, tan-ginbozu) that had been treated with uniconazole (s-3307), an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of gibberellins. an arabinoxylan trisaccharide (axx) was ineffective. the growth-inhibito ...19958589928
an integration of photosynthetic traits and mechanisms that can increase crop photosynthesis and grain production.the hypothesis we propose is that during photosynthesis the balance between potentially detrimental and beneficial photochemically induced events can be tipped beneficially toward increased photosynthesis and toward increased crop yield. to test this hypothesis a procedure has been devised with the rice plant, oryza sativa, that has resulted in increasing both canopy photosynthesis and rice grain yield. two elite rice varieties selected independently in the contrasting environments of either sou ...199524301579
tagging and mapping the thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile gene in rice (oryza sativa l.) with molecular markers.the thermo-sensititve genic male-sterile (tgms) gene in rice can alter fertility in response to temperature and is useful in the two-line system of hybrid rice production. however, little is known about the tgms gene at the molecular level. the objective of this study was to identify molecular markers tightly linked with the tgms gene and to map the gene onto a specific rice chromosome. bulked segregant analysis of an f2 population from 5460s (a tgms mutant line) x 'hong wan 52' was used to iden ...199524170005
the bean seed storage protein [beta]-phaseolin is synthesized, processed, and accumulated in the vacuolar type-ii protein bodies of transgenic rice endosperm.the seed storage protein [beta]-phaseolin of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) was expressed in the endosperm of transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants. the 5.1- or 1.8-kb promoter fragment of the rice seed storage protein glutelin gt1 gene was fused transcriptionally to either the genomic or cdna coding sequence of the [beta]-phaseolin gene. the highest quantity of phaseolin estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 4.0% of the total endosperm protein in the transgenic rice see ...199512228632
patterns of light and nitrogen distribution in relation to whole canopy carbon gain in c3 and c4 mono- and dicotyledonous species.an analytical model was used to describe the optimal nitrogen distribution. from this model, it was hypothesized that the non-uniformity of the nitrogen distribution increases with the canopy extinction rate for light and the total amount of free nitrogen in the canopy, and that it is independent of the slope of the relation between light saturated photosynthesis (pm) and leaf nitrogen content (nl). these hypotheses were tested experimentally for plants with inherently different architectures an ...199528306967
genetic diversity and phylogeny analysis of anabaena azollae based on rflps detected in azolla-anabaena azollae dna complexes using nif gene probes.the cyanobacterium anabaena has both symbiotic and free-living forms. the genetic diversity of anabaena strains symbiotically associated with the aquatic fern azolla and the evolutionary relationships among these symbionts were evaluated by means of rflp (restriction fragment length polymorphism) experiments. three dna fragments corresponding to nif genes were cloned from the free-living cyanobacterium anabaena pcc 7120 and used as probes. a mixture of azolla, anabaena and bacterial dna was extr ...199524169885
salicylic acid in rice (biosynthesis, conjugation, and possible role).salicylic acid (sa) is a natural inducer of disease resistance in some dicotyledonous plants. rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) had the highest levels of sa among all plants tested for sa content (between 0.01 and 37.19 [mu]g/g fresh weight). the second leaf of rice seedlings had slightly lower sa levels than any younger leaves. to investigate the role of sa in rice disease resistance, we examined the levels of sa in rice (cv m-201) after inoculation with bacterial and fungal pathogens. sa levels ...199512228500
characterization and physiological function of class i low-molecular-mass, heat-shock protein complex in soybean.examination of an ammonium sulfate-enriched fraction (70-100% saturation) of heat-shock proteins (hsps) by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a high molecular mass complex (280 kd) in soybean (glycine max) seedlings. this complex cross-reacted with antibodies raised against soybean class i low-molecular-mass (lmw) hsps. dissociation of the complex by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the complex to contain at least 15 polypeptides of the ...199512228501
thioredoxin h is one of the major proteins in rice phloem sap.sieve tubes play important roles in the transfer of nutrients as well as signals. hundreds of proteins were found in pure phloem sap collected from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. kantou) plants through the cut ends of insect stylets. these proteins may be involved in nutrient transfer and signal transduction. to characterize the nature of these proteins, the partial amino-acid sequence of a 13-kda protein, named rpp13-1, that was abundant in the pure phleom sap was determined. a cdna clone of 687 bp, ...19957766047
expression of functional proteins of cdna encoding rice nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndk) in escherichia coli and organ-related alteration of ndk activities during rice seed germination (oryza sativa l.).the gst (glutathione s-transferase)-ndk (nucleoside diphosphate kinase) fusion protein was expressed in escherichia coli. the gst-ndk protein was capable of transferring gamma-phosphate from atp to nucleoside diphosphates such as gdp, cdp, tdp and udp. western blot analysis using anti-ndk antibody indicated that ndk in endosperm gradually decreased during 36 h of imbibition. on the contrary, ndk in embryo increased during the same period. ndk activities in both tissues were in accord with these ...19957766875
biochemical properties of rice adenylate kinase and subcellular location in plant cells.previously, we characterized nucleotide sequences of two cdnas encoding adenylate kinase from rice plants (oryza sativa l.). each cdna (adk-a or adk-b) was cloned into the expression vector pet 11d-gst to produce gst-ak fusion proteins in escherichia coli. recombinant proteins were cleaved by thrombin, and gst-free adenylate kinase proteins were obtained. enzyme activity profiles of different ph and inhibition effects to the enzyme by ap5a (adenosine-5'-pentaphospho-5'-adenosine) indicates that ...19957766884
molecular cloning and characterization of rga1 encoding a g protein alpha subunit from rice (oryza sativa l. ir-36).a cdna clone, rga1, was isolated by using a gpa1 cdna clone of arabidopsis thaliana g protein alpha subunit as a probe from a rice (oryza sativa l. ir-36) seedling cdna library from roots and leaves. sequence analysis of genomic clone reveals that the rga1 gene has 14 exons and 13 introns, and encodes a polypeptide of 380 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 44.5 kda. the encoded protein exhibits a considerable degree of amino acid sequence similarity to all the other known ...19957766894
rice cationic peroxidase accumulates in xylem vessels during incompatible interactions with xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae.a cationic peroxidase, po-c1 (molecular mass 42 kd, isoelectric point 8.6), which is induced in incompatible interactions between the vascular pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and rice (oryza sativa l.), was purified. amino acid sequences from chemically cleaved fragments of po-c1 exhibited a high percentage of identity with deduced sequences of peroxidases from rice, barley, and wheat. polyclonal antibodies were raised to an 11-amino acid oligopeptide (poc1a) that was derived from a domain ...19957770527
the human archain gene, arcn1, has highly conserved homologs in rice and drosophila.a novel human gene, arcn1, has been identified in chromosome band 11q23.3. it maps approximately 50 kb telomeric to mll, a gene that is disrupted in a number of leukemia-associated translocation chromosomes. cdna clones representing arcn1 hybridize to 4-kb mrna species present in all tissues tested. sequencing of cdnas suggests that at least two forms of mrna with alternative 5' ends are present within the cell. the mrna with the longest open reading frame gives rise to a protein of 57 kda. alth ...19957782067
improvement in hc1-extractability of minerals in home made weaning foods.three weaning foods were formulated from locally available cereals and pulses such as rice (oryza sativa), kangini (setaria italica), sanwak (echinochloa frumentacea), green gram (vigna radiata) and jaggery. cereals and pulses were mixed in the proportion of 7:3. nutrient composition of developed weaning foods was within range prescribed by indian standard institute and was found to be acceptable. roasting was the processing technique employed in developing weaning foods which resulted in signif ...19957792266
structure and differential response to abscisic acid of two promoters for the cytosolic copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase genes, sodcc1 and sodcc2, in rice protoplasts.we determined the 5'-flanking sequences of two nuclear genes (sodcc1 and sodcc2) encoding cytosolic copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase in rice (oryza sativa l.). utilizing transient beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter assays, functional promoter-gus analysis was performed in rice protoplasts exposed to the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) or the antioxidant sulfhydryl reagent, dithiothreitol (dtt). transcriptional activities from both sodcc-gus fusions were stimulated by dtt, which induces the promo ...19957821431
synthesis of an infectious full-length cdna clone of rice yellow mottle virus and mutagenesis of the coat protein.a full-length cdna clone of rice yellow mottle sobemovirus (rymv) was synthesized and placed adjacent to a bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase promoter sequence. capped-rna transcripts produced in vitro were infectious when mechanically inoculated onto rice plants (oryza sativa l). individual full-length clones varied in their degree of infectivity but all were less infectious than native viral rna. a representative clone, designated rymv-fl5, caused a disease phenotype identical to that produced by ...19957831766
rice scutellum induces agrobacterium tumefaciens vir genes and t-strand generation.for successful transformation of a plant by agrobacterium tumefaciens it is essential that the explant used in cocultivation has the ability to induce agrobacterium tumour-inducing (ti) plasmid virulence (vir) genes. here we report a significant variation in different tissues of indica rice (oryza sativa l. cv. co43) in their ability to induce agrobacterium tumefaciens vir genes and t-strand generation, using explants preincubated in liquid murashige and skoog (ms) medium. an analysis of rice le ...19957579158
an amino-terminal deletion of rice phytochrome a results in a dominant negative suppression of tobacco phytochrome a activity in transgenic tobacco seedlings.overexpression of phytochrome a results in an increased inhibition of hypocotyl elongation under red and far-red light. we used this approach to assay for the function of n-terminal mutations of rice (oryza sativa l.) phytochrome a. transgenic tobacco seedlings that express the wild-type rice phytochrome a (rw), a rice phytochrome a lacking the first 80 amino acids (ntd) or a rice phytochrome a with a conversion of the first 10 serines into alanine residues (s/a) were compared with untransformed ...19957580859
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase is conserved among different phylogenic kingdoms.we have previously demonstrated that maize (zea mays) 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (pgam-i) is not related to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase. with the aid of specific anti-maize pgam-i antibodies, we demonstrate here the presence of a closely related pgam-i in other plants. we also describe the isolation and sequencing of a cdna-encoding almond (prunus amygdalus) pgam-i that further demonstrates this relationship among plant pgam-i. a sea ...19957584858
the regulatory regions of the rice tungro bacilliform virus promoter and interacting nuclear factors in rice (oryza sativa l.).the rice tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv) promoter confers phloem-specific gene expression in transgenic rice plants. a series of promoter deletion mutants were fused with the escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase a (uida) reporter gene and introduced into transgenic rice plants. the rtbv promoter confers substantially stronger expression in shoots than in roots. a fragment of the promoter comprising nucleotides -164 to +45 relative to the transcriptional start site contains sufficient information ...19957599653
fractionation and characterization of two forms of peroxidase from oryza sativa.peroxidase (e.c. 1.11.1.7., hydrogen donor oxidoreductase) is widely distributed and has been isolated from many higher plants (1). the wide distribution of the enzyme suggests that it could be of great biological importance. however the role that it plays in metabolism is not clear due to the large number of reactions it catalyzes and the considerable number of isozymic species (2). in tomato plants, evans and aldridge (3) separated out six isoperoxidases and in a later paper evans reported 12 ...19957603969
nramp defines a family of membrane proteins.nramp (natural resistance-associated macrophage protein) is a newly identified family of integral membrane proteins whose biochemical function is unknown. we report on the identification of nramp homologs from the fly drosophila melanogaster, the plant oryza sativa, and the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. optimal alignment of protein sequences required insertion of very few gaps and revealed remarkable sequence identity of 28% (yeast), 40% (plant), and 55% (fly) with the mammalian proteins (46%, ...19957479731
a comparative study of cadmium, lead, zinc, ph, and bulk density from the enyigba lead and zinc mine in two different seasons.soil ph and bulk density, as well as the concentrations of cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) in soils and these metal levels in the leaves of cassava (manihot esculenta) and rice (oryza sativa), both collected, respectively, in the dry season (december) of 1991 and the rainy season (september) of 1992 from the enyigba lead and zinc mine, nigeria, were investigated. interspecific variations in trace element levels in the plant leaves were detected and may reflect the predilection of these pl ...19957498063
inheritance of gusa and neo genes in transgenic rice.inheritance of foreign genes neo and gusa in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ir54 and radon) has been investigated in three different primary (t0) transformants and their progeny plants. t0 plants were obtained by co-transforming protoplasts from two different rice suspension cultures with the neomycin phosphotransferase ii gene [neo or aph (3') ii] and the beta-glucuronidase gene (uida or gusa) residing on separate chimeric plasmid constructs. the suspension cultures were derived from callus of immat ...19957865799
novel drosophila melanogaster genes encoding rrm-type rna-binding proteins identified by a degenerate pcr strategy.we are interested in identifying drosophila melanogaster rna-binding proteins involved in important developmental decisions made at the level of mrna processing, stability, localization or translational control. a large subset of the proteins known to interact with specific rna sequences shares an evolutionarily conserved 80-90-amino-acid (aa) domain referred to as an rna-recognition motif (rrm), including two ribonucleoprotein identifier sequences known as rnp-1 and rnp-2. hence, we have herein ...19957890163
proline accumulates in plants exposed to uv radiation and protects them against uv induced peroxidation.proline accumulated in the shoots of seedlings of rice (oryza sativa), mustard (brassica juncea) and mung bean (vigna radiata) exposed to uv radiations. the level of proline in the seedlings increased significantly with increase in uv exposure time. the production of malondialdehyde (an indice of lipid peroxidation) was also higher in the shoots of seedlings exposed to uv radiation as compared to controls, suggesting that uv radiations promote lipid peroxidation. the extent of uv radiation promo ...19957726821
the atx1 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a small metal homeostasis factor that protects cells against reactive oxygen toxicity.in aerobic organisms, protection against oxidative damage involves the combined action of highly specialized antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase. here we describe the isolation and characterization of another gene in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae that plays a critical role in detoxification of reactive oxygen species. this gene, named atx1, was originally isolated by its ability to suppress oxygen toxicity in yeast lacking sod. atx1 encodes a 8.2-kda polypep ...19957731983
metaphase and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of the rice genome with bacterial artificial chromosomes.fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is a powerful tool for physical mapping in human and other mammalian species. however, application of the fish technique has been limited in plant species, especially for mapping single- or low-copy dna sequences, due to inconsistent signal production in plant chromosome preparations. here we demonstrate that bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones can be mapped readily on rice (oryza sativa l.) chromosomes by fish. repetitive dna sequences in bac c ...19957753830
cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding an 18.0-kda class-i low-molecular-weight heat-shock protein from rice.a novel cdna clone, oshp18.0 cdna, encoding a rice (oryza sativa l. cv. tainong 67) 18.0-kda heat-shock protein (hsp), was isolated from a cdna library of heat-shocked rice seedlings by use of the rice hsp cdna, oshsp17.3 cdna, as a probe. the sequence showed that oshsp18.0 cdna contains a 749-bp insert encoding an orf of 160 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 18.0 kda and a pi of 7.3. sequence comparison reveals that oshsp18.0 cdna is highly homologous to other low-molecular-weight ...19958522180
cloning and properties of a rice gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) genomic sequences were isolated from a rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic library using a pcr-amplified rice pal dna fragment as a probe. there is a small family of pal genes in the rice genome. the nucleotide sequence of one pal gene, zb8, was determined. the zb8 gene is 4660 bp in length and consists of two exons and one intron. it encodes a polypeptide of 710 amino acids. the transcription start site was 137 bp upstream from the translation initiation site. rice ...19958534851
[the goal-oriented project "pathology of environmental pollutants" (m.u.r.s.t. 40%)].the purpose of this study was to estimate to toxicity bound to effluent water, pore water and bed sediment sampled twice during 1994 (spring and autumn) from 16 tributaries of po river. toxicity was determined by using a battery of bioassays (artemia salina, dugesiagonocephala and thamnocephalus platyurus) and a battery of phytoassays, including oryza sativa and triticum sativum. results show that practically no toxicity is found in effluent water, mild adverse effects are obtained with sediment ...19958991825
rflp analysis of the progeny from oryza alta swallen x oryza sativa l.rflp analyses were carried out in the progeny from a cross of two phylogenetically distant rice species, wild rice oryza alta swallen (ccdd, 2n = 48) and cultivated rice o. sativa l. (aa, 2n = 24). the sterile plants gave heterozygous rflp patterns at most of the loci detected. they looked more like their wild rice parent, with 36 chromosomes in their root-tip cells and pollen mother cells. in two partially fertile plants, however, most of the markers that were used showed rflp patterns similar ...199518470217
characterization of an inducible p450 hydroxylase involved in the rice diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic pathway.ent-isopimara-8(14),15-dien-3 beta-ol (1) was isolated from uv-irradiated rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves. since 1 was converted to the rice diterpene phytoalexins and oryzalexins d (ent-isopimara-8(14),15-diene-3 beta,7 alpha-diol) and e (ent-isopimara-8(14),15-diene-3 beta,9 alpha-diol) in uv-irradiated rice leaf microsome fraction in the presence of oxygen and nadph, it was concluded that 1 was the biosynthetic precursor of these oryzalexins. this enzyme reaction was inhibited by cytochrome p45 ...19957864625
molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna for the alpha subunit of a g protein from rice.we report the isolation of a cdna for the alpha subunit of a g protein from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). the cdna contained an open reading frame that encoded a protein of 380 amino acid residues with a mol wt of 44,204. we designated this polypeptide rga1 (rice g protein alpha subunit 1). the amino acid sequence of rga1 was 77% and 86% identical to the sequences of alpha subunits from arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (products of gpa1 and tga1), respectively, and 42% to 69% identical t ...19957767602
a computer-based systematic survey reveals the predominance of small inverted-repeat elements in wild-type rice genes.several recent reports indicate that mobile elements are frequently found in and flanking many wild-type plant genes. to determine the extent of this association, we performed computer-based systematic searches to identify mobile elements in the genes of two "model" plants, oryza sativa (domesticated rice) and arabidopsis thaliana. whereas 32 common sequences belonging to nine putative mobile element families were found in the noncoding regions of rice genes, none were found in arabidopsis genes ...19968710903
two-dimensional electrophoresis of plant proteins and standardization of gel patterns.proteins of two plants, arabidopsis thaliana and rice (oryza sativa) were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis with two modifications: (i) comigration of external standard marker proteins with resultant horizontal and vertical stripes in the gel, and (ii) deblocking with a vapor of aqueous heptafluorobutyric acid for n-acetylserine. approximately 5000 protein spots were separated from both the five tissues of arabidopsis and the nine tissues of rice. over one hundred spots were ...19968964270
oxidative stress and responses in arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa subjected to chilling and salinity stress. 19968736786
a wound- and methyl jasmonate-inducible transcript coding for a myrosinase-associated protein with similarities to an early nodulin.myrosinase is regarded as a defense-related enzyme in the brassicaceae and is capable of hydrolyzing glucosinolates into various compounds, some of which are toxic. several myrosinase isoenzymes exist, and some of them have been found in association with nonmyrosinase proteins. one of these associated proteins, myrosinase-associated protein (myap), was purified from seeds of brassica napus both in complexes with myrosinase and in a free form. myap is a glycosylated, 40-kd protein with at least o ...19968742330
molecular cloning and structural analysis of cdnas that encode 3 small gtp-binding proteins from sugar beet.isolation of homologous ras-related genes from sugar beet has never been reported. screening cdna library from beta vulgaris l. hilma resulted in the isolation of 3 ras-homologous clones. two of these genes (rab1bv and rab2bv) belong to the rab/ypt group. the deduced polypeptidic sequences from them show strong homologies to ara3 (93% with rab1bv) of arabidopsis thaliana and rgp2 (97% with rab2bv) of oryza sativa. the third gene (rho1bv) belongs to the rho family. the homology of rho1bv protein ...19968680960
mutations associated with floral organ number in rice.how floral organ number is specified is an interesting subject and has been intensively studied in arabidopsis thaliana. in rice (oryza sativa l.), mutations associated with floral organ number have been identified. in three mutants of rice, floral organ number 1 (fon1) and the two alleles, floral organ number 2-1 (fon2-1) and floral organ number 2-2 (fon2-2), the floral organs were increased in number centripetally. lodicules, homologous to petals, were rarely affected, and stamens were frequen ...199628321674
suppression of gravitropic response of primary roots by submergence.primary roots of six plant species were placed horizontally either in humid air or under water, and their growth and gravitropic responses were examined. in air, all the roots showed a normal gravitropic curvature. under water without aeration, roots of rice (oryza sativa l.), oat (avena sativa l.), azuki bean (vigna angularis ohwi et ohashi), and cress (lepidium sativum l.) curved downward at almost same rate as in air, whereas the curvature of roots of maize (zea mays l.) and pea (pisum sativu ...199611540722
generation of a yac contig encompassing the extra glume gene, eg, in rice.we have used dna markers from a high density molecular map of rice (oryza sativa) to tag a single gene expressed as a flower morphogenesis mutation, extra glume (eg). using an f2 population segregating for eg, obtained from a cross between ir24 and f136 (eg/eg), we constructed a partial molecular map and located eg relative to restriction fragment length polymorphism markers. the region between two markers appears to span the eg locus on rice chromosome 1 and extends to a genetic length of 3.8 c ...199618469956
extraordinarily polymorphic ribosomal dna in wild and cultivated rice.a collection of 481 rice accessions was surveyed for ribosomal dna (rdna) intergenic spacer length polymorphism to assess the extent of genetic diversity in chinese and asian rice germplasm. the materials included 83 accessions of common wild rice, oryza rufipogon, 75 of which were from china; 348 entries of cultivated rice (oryza sativa), representing almost all the rice growing areas in china; and 50 cultivars from south and east asia. a total of 42 spacer length variants (slvs) were detected. ...199618469959
t-dna integration into genomic dna of rice following agrobacterium inoculation of isolated shoot apices.this paper establishes that the isolated shoot meristem of monocotyledons can be infected and transformed using agrobacterium. since this explant from nearly any cereal cultivar can rapidly regenerate into a plant, using this explant effectively eliminates the genotype regeneration restrictions to cereal crop transformation allowing direct transformation of elite germplasm. shoot apices of oryza sativa l. tropical japonica, cv. maybelle were explants used for cocultivation, and gene transfer was ...19969002612
open reading frame 176 in the photosynthesis gene cluster of rhodobacter capsulatus encodes idi, a gene for isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase.isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) isomerase catalyzes an essential activation step in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. a database search based on probes from the highly conserved regions in three eukaryotic ipp isomerases revealed substantial similarity with orf176 in the photosynthesis gene cluster in rhodobacter capsulatus. the open reading frame was cloned into an escherichia coli expression vector. the encoded 20-kda protein, which was purified in two steps by ion exchange and hydrophobic in ...19968550491
regulation, expression and function of a new basic chitinase gene in rice (oryza sativa l.).a new basic chitinase gene, designated rc24, was isolated from a rice genomic library. the predicted rc24 protein contains 322 amino acid residues and exhibits 68% to 95% amino acid identity with known class i rice chitinases. rc24 protein expressed in escherichia coli exhibited chitinase activity and strongly inhibited bacterial growth. two transcription start sites of the rc24 gene were mapped by primer extension analysis of both rice native rna and in vitro transcribed rna using a rc24 promot ...19968605293
cloning and characterization of the rice cata catalase gene, a homologue of the maize cat3 gene.we isolated and sequenced a genomic clone (cata) encoding cat-a catalase, a homologue of the maize catalase isozyme 3 (cat-3) from rice (oryza sativa l.). the 5'-upstream non-coding region had very low similarity with the maize cat3 gene and possible cis elements and sequence motifs in the maize cat3 gene were not evident, except for tata and caat motifs. several sequence motifs found in the promoters of plant seed-specific genes were identified in the 5'-upstream non-coding region of the cata g ...19968605302
molecular cloning of the full-length cdna of (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from hevea brasiliensis. functional expression in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae and identification of an active site residue.the full-length cdna of (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl) from leaves of hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) was cloned by an immunoscreening and sequenced. hnl from h. brasiliensis is involved in the biodegradation of cyanogenic glycosides and also catalyzes the stereospecific synthesis of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic cyanohydrins, which are important as precursors for pharmaceutical compounds. the open reading frame identified in a 1. 1-kilobase cdna fragment codes for a protein of ...19968621461
a novel cross-phylum family of proteins comprises a krr1 (ycl059c) gene which is essential for viability of saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.we demonstrate here that the open reading frame (orf) ycl059c, discovered during the systematic sequencing of chromosome iii [oliver et al., nature 357 (1992) 38-46], codes for a protein essential for yeast: neither spore germination nor cell division occur in strains deleted for this gene. we have cloned the wild-type (wt) gene and shown that it complements the deletion. a relatively abundant rna transcript corresponds to the gene. the protein has no similarity to proteins of known function. in ...19968675026
starch debranching enzyme (r-enzyme or pullulanase) from developing rice endosperm: purification, cdna and chromosomal localization of the gene.starch debranching enzyme (r-enzyme or pullulanase) was purified to homogeneity from developing endosperm of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. fujihikari) using a variety of high-performance liquid chromatography columns, and characterized. a cdna clone encoding the full length of the rice endosperm debranching enzyme was isolated and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the cdna contains an open reading frame of 2958 bp. the mature debranching enzyme of rice appears to be composed of 912 amino acids ...19968680309
the drosophila melanogaster gene vha14 encoding a 14-kda f-subunit of the vacuolar atpase.a drosophila melanogaster (dm) cdna (vha14) encoding the 14-kda f-subunit of the vacuolar h(+)-atpase (v-atpase) has been cloned via homology with the corresponding manduca sexta (ms) gene. its deduced translation product is a 124-amino-acid polypeptide sharing 90% identity with the ms polypeptide and 50% identity with an analogous polypeptide of saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a more distant similarity to a subunit of the na(+)-transporting atpase of enterococcus hirae. homology was also found wi ...19968682310
characterization of cdna encoding for phosphoglucose isomerase of rice (oryza sativa l.).two types of genes (pgi-a and pgi-b) encoding phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi; ec 5.3.1.9) were cloned from cdna libraries of rice cultured cells (oryza sativa l.). pgi-a and pgi-b consisted of 2132 and 2030 nucleotides, respectively. the homology between these genes was 93.0% at nucleotide level. the homology scores between these genes in protein coding region and 3' non-coding region were 95.6% and 79.4%, respectively. pgi proteins encoded by pgi-a and pgi-b consisted of 567 and 568 amino acid, ...19968722567
vectors carrying two separate t-dnas for co-transformation of higher plants mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens and segregation of transformants free from selection markers.novel 'super-binary' vectors that carried two separate t-dnas were constructed. one t-dna contained a drug-resistance, selection-marker gene and the other contained a gene for beta-glucuronidase (gus). a large number of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) transformants were produced by agrobacterium tumefaciens lba4404 that carried the vectors. frequency of co-transformation with the two t-dnas was greater than 47% gus-positive, drug-sensitive progeny were obtained from mor ...19968758986
phosphorylation of a protein (pp56) is related to the regeneration of rice cultured suspension cells.short-term cultured suspension cells of rice (oryza sativa l.) are capable of regeneration, but not in long-term culture. for clarification of the mechanism of regeneration, protein phosphorylation in short-term and long-term cultured suspension cells was compared by two dimensional-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a 56 kda protein having an isoelectric point of 4.5 was phosphorylated in vitro in short-term cultured suspension cells, but was not phosphorylated after regeneration. this protein ...19968888618
higher plants contain homologs of the bacterial cela genes encoding the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase.in spite of much effort, no one has succeeded in isolating and characterizing the enzyme(s) responsible for synthesis of cellulose, the major cell wall polymer of plants. we have characterized two cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cdna clones and identified one rice (oryza sativa) cdna that are homologs of the bacterial cela genes that encode the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase. three regions in the deduced amino acid sequences of the plant cela gene products are conserved with respect to the ...19968901635
development of microsatellite markers and characterization of simple sequence length polymorphism (sslp) in rice (oryza sativa l.).microsatellite markers containing simple sequence repeats (ssr) are a valuable tool for genetic analysis. our objective is to augment the existing rflp map of rice with simple sequence length polymorphisms (sslp). in this study, we describe 20 new microsatellite markers that have been assigned to positions along the rice chromosomes, characterized for their allelic diversity in cultivated and wild rice, and tested for amplification in distantly related species. our results indicate that the geno ...19968914521
physicochemical and serological characterization of rice alpha-amylase isoforms and identification of their corresponding genes.we have identified, purified, and characterized 10 alpha-amylase isoforms from suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells having different isoelectric point values. they had distinguishable optimum temperatures for enzymatic activity and molecular sizes. the results of immunoblotting indicated that polyclonal anti-a + b antibodies bound well to isoforms a, b, y, and z but weakly or not at all to e, f, g, h, i, and j. however, the anti-a + b antibodies inhibited the enzyme activities of onl ...19968934629
interspecific hybridization of cultivated rice, oryza sativa l. with the wild rice, o. minuta presl.crosses were made between four varieties ('mahsuri', 'setanjung", 'mr84" and 'mr103") of oryza sativa l. (2n=24, aa) and one accession of o. minuta (2n= 8, bbcc). the seed set obtained ranged between 9.5% and 25.1% depending on the rice variety used. by rescuing 14-day-old embryos and culturing them on 25%-strength ms medium we obtained a total of 414 f1 hybrids. the f1s were vigorous, tillered profusely, were perennial and male-sterile. the hybrids were triploid (abc) with 36 chromosomes and sh ...199624162392
the rab16b promoter of rice contains two distinct abscisic acid-responsive elements.to localize abscisic acid (aba)-inducible gene expression of rab16 genes, rab16a promoter was linked to the gusa reporter gene encoding beta-glucuronidase and introduced into rice (oryza sativa l.) plants. the activity of rab16a promoter was induced by aba and osmotic stresses in various tissues of vegetative and floral organs. in anthers and embryos, rab16a promoter was active in the absence of aba. to elucidate cis-elements of the rab16 promoter that confer aba-inducible expression, variously ...19968883374
characterization of three rice basic/leucine zipper factors, including two inhibitors of embp-1 dna binding activity.the promoter of the wheat em gene contains elements with a cacgtg core sequence (g-boxes), which are recognized by embp-1, a wheat basic/leucine zipper (bzip) protein. g-boxes are required for em expression in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid and for transactivation by the viviparous-1 protein (vp1) using transient expression systems. in order to identify other factors that are part of the transcriptional complex that associates with g-boxes, we have screened a rice (oryza sativa) cdna ...19968940135
rates of ethylene release, photosynthesis and transpiration of rice measured in closed-type chamber.to obtain the basic data of gas exchange of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare), rates of ethylene release, photosynthesis and transpiration of the rice plant were measured by using a closed-type chamber. each rate increased until the heading stage and thereafter decreased. ethylene release rate (e) gradually increased with day after seeding and rates of photosynthesis (p) and transpiration (t) did exponentially. at the heading stage, e, p and t were maximum and had values of about 2.0 mmol pl ...199611541585
lazy gene (la) responsible for both an agravitropism of seedlings and lazy habit of tiller growth in rice (oryza sativa l.).using an isogenic line of rice having lazy gene (la), we studied the correlation between the agravitropic response at the young seedling stage and the lazy habit (prostrate growth of tillers) at the more advanced stage of growth. in this study, it was found that both agravitropism and lazy habit were controlled by the single recessive la gene. that is, f2 segregants of kamenoo x lazy-kamenoo, which had an agravitropic response at their young seedling stage, showed a lazy habit of growth in the m ...199611539861
polyamine accumulation and near loss of morphogenesis in long-term callus cultures of rice (restoration of plant regeneration by manipulation of cellular polyamine levels).we have shown (s. bajaj and m.v. rajam [1995] plant cell rep 14: 717-720) that a significant reduction in morphogenetic potential occurs in callus cultures of rice (oryza sativa l. cv tn-1) (up to 1 year old), and that plant regeneration could be improved in such cultures with spermidine treatment. we now show a near loss in plant regeneration capacity, concomitant with massive polyamine accumulation (primarily the diamine putrescine), due to the increase in arginine decarboxylase activity and a ...199612226449
chalcone synthase in rice (oryza sativa l.): detection of the chs protein in seedlings and molecular mapping of the chs locus.the chalcone synthase is a key enzyme that catalyses the first dedicated reaction of the flavonoid pathway in higher plants. the chs gene and its protein product in rice has been investigated. the presence of a chalcone synthase (chs) protein in rice seedlings and its developmental stage-specific expression has been demonstrated by western analysis. the chalcone synthase of rice was found to be immunologically similar to that of maize. a rice cdna clone, os-chs cdna, encoding chalcone synthase, ...19968980525
rna expression patterns of a type 2 metallothionein-like gene from rice.a type 2 metallothionein-like gene from rice, osmt-2 (oryza sativa metallothionein-like gene-2), was isolated in its cdna form and sequenced. by northern analyses osmt-2 expression was shown to be induced under stress by sucrose starvation, heat shock and, to a lesser extent, abscisic acid, but not excess metals, including copper. its response to sucrose starvation was transient and different from osmt-1, a type 1 metallothionein-like gene of rice inducible by copper. these results suggest that ...19968980501
characterization and mapping of cdna encoding aspartate aminotransferase in rice, oryza sativa l.fifteen cdna clones, putatively identified as encoding aspartate aminotransferase (ast, ec 2.6.1.1.), were isolated and partially sequenced. together with six previously isolated clones putatively identified to encode asts (sasaki, et al. 1994, plant journal 6, 615-624), their sequences were characterized and classified into 4 cdna species. two of the isolated clones, c60213 and c2079, were full-length cdnas, and their complete nucleotide sequences were determined. c60213 was 1612 bp long and it ...19969039500
dna fingerprints of rice (oryza sativa) obtained from hypervariable chloroplast simple sequence repeats.the aim of this research was to develop a convenient polymerase chain reaction-based assay that would allow intraspecific chloroplast variability to be detected. our approach is based on the detection of length polymorphism within chloroplast mononucleotide microsatellite loci. information from the fully sequenced rice chloroplast genome was used to identify 12 regions with a minimum of ten uninterrupted mononucleotide repeats. primers flanking these repeats were used in conjunction with polymer ...19968914327
variability and genetics of tolerance for aluminum toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.).a study was undertaken to investigate the variability among lowland rice cultivars and the mode of gene action of aluminum (al) toxicity tolerance in rice. pregerminated seeds were grown in a nutrient solution containing 30 ppm al and in normal nutrient solution, and relative root length (rrl) was determined at the 14-day-old stage to characterize genotypes for tolerance. sixty-two traditional rice cultivars grown on lowland acid sulfate soil areas of asia and west africa were tested. tolerant v ...199624162402
cool temperature-induced chlorosis in rice plants (ii. effects of cool temperature on the expression of plastid-encoded genes during shoot growth in darkness).it has been proposed that cool temperature-induced chlorosis (ctic) in indica cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) is caused by cell growth and plastid development being impeded at cool temperatures. since it is well known that the overall rate of transcription of plastid-encoded genes changes dramatically during the early phases of plastid development, in this study we focused on the patterns of expression of these genes. northern blot analysis revealed that the level of 16s rrna is decreased in ...199612226412
phylogenetic relationships in a-genome species of rice as revealed by rapd analysis.in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationships in a-genome species of rice, rapd analysis was carried out using 29 accessions (8 oryza sativa, 6 o. glaberrima, 13 o. perennis, and 2 o. breviligulata). their total dna was used as template for pcr with 14 decamer primers. the amplified products were electrophoresed in agarose gel, and the banding patterns were observed. average number of total amplified bands for each accession using 14 primers was 84.6. by comparing the banding patterns, the ...19968979372
isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase isoforms from rice (oryza sativa l.).the vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase (v-ppase) is an electrogenic h+ pump, which was found in the plant vacuolar membrane. two cdna clones (ovp1 and ovp2) encoding the v-ppase were isolated from cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells and subsequently sequenced. the sequence analysis has revealed that ovp1 contains 2316 nucleotides of open reading frame (orf) and 362 nucleotides of the 3'-untranslated region, whereas ovp2 comprises 2304 nucleotides of orf and 312 nucleotides of the 3'-untranslated re ...19968843945
phytohormone-regulated beta-amylase gene expression in rice.the expression of beta-amylase genes in rice (oryza sativa) and its regulation by phytohormones gibberellic acid (ga) and abscisic acid (aba) were examined. upon germination beta-amylase is synthesized de novo in aleurone cells and (ga) is not required. exogenous addition of ga does not enhance the beta-amylase activity, while aba inhibits the beta-amylase activity, mrna accumulation, and the germination of rice seeds. ga can reverse aba inhibition of beta-amylase expression, but not aba inhibit ...19968843940
molecular mapping of the ge (s) gene controlling the super-giant embryo character in rice (oryza sativa l.).the giant-embryo character is useful for quality improvement in rice. three alleles controlling embryo size have been reported at the ge locus. based on trisomic analysis, this locus is known to reside on chromosome 7. the objective of the present study was to identify linkage between molecular markers and the ge (s) gene using an existing molecular map of rice and an f2 population derived from hwacheongbyeo-ge (s) (super-giant embryo)/milyang 23. the bulked-segregant method was used to screen 3 ...199624162226
growth inhibition in suspension-cultured rice cells under phosphate deprivation is mediated through putrescine accumulation.the effects of phosphate deprivation on the growth and polyamine levels of suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa) cells were investigated. when rice suspension cells were deprived of phosphate, cell growth was markedly inhibited. phosphate deprivation resulted in a higher putrescine level and lower spermidine and spermine levels in rice suspension cells. the growth of rice cells cultured in the absence of phosphate did not recover as a result of spermidine and spermine addition. d-arginine and ...199612226323
purification and properties of a basic endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from rice (oryza sativa l.).a 1,3-beta-glucanase purified from rice grain is a 33 kda monomer with a pi of > or = 10.4. the enzyme was determined to be an endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.39) by end product analysis using laminaria digitata laminarin as substrate. its amino-terminal amino acid sequence revealed strong homology to an endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from barley.19968819316
centromere mapping and orientation of the molecular linkage map of rice (oryza sativa l.).rice has become a model cereal plant for molecular genetic research. rice has the most comprehensive molecular linkage maps with more than 2000 dna markers and shows synteny and colinearity with the maps of other cereal crops. until now, however, no information was available about the positions of centromeres and arm locations of markers on the molecular linkage map. secondary and telotrisomics were used to assign restriction fragment length polymorphism markers to specific chromosome arms and t ...19968650237
transformation of haploid, microspore-derived cell suspension protoplasts of rice (oryza sativa l.).we compared the transient activity of three cereal gene-derived promoter-gus fusions and the efficiency of selection mediated by three different selectable genes in a polyethylene glycol transformation system with haploid cell suspension protoplasts of rice. the maize ubiquitin promoter was found to be the most active in transformed protoplasts, and selection on ammonium glufosinate mediated by the bar gene was the most efficient for producing resistant calluses. cotransformation of protoplasts ...199624178168
effect of oxygen-enriched aeration on regeneration of rice (oryza sativa l.) cell culture.the effect of the oxygen concentration in the aeration gas on regeneration from rice cells in bioreactor cultures was investigated. the efficiency of regeneration in cultures aerated with over 40% oxygen was higher than that in a flask culture. in the case of a culture in which the dissolved oxygen(do) was saturated by aeration with air, the efficiency of regeneration was less than the half that of cultures aerated with 40% oxygen. in cultures with the do levels controlled at 8,10 and 12 mg/ℓ, t ...199624178160
rflp mapping of qtls for yield and related characters in rice (oryza sativa l.).quantitative triat loci (qtls) for yield and related traits in rice were mapped based on rflp maps from two indica/indica f2 populations, tesanai 2/cb and waiyin 2/cb. in tesanai 2/cb, 14 intervals carrying qtls for eight traits were detected, including 3 for grain weight per plant (gwt), 2 for number of panicles per plant (np), 2 for number of grains per panicle (ng), 1 for total number of spikelets per panicle (tns), 1 for spikelet fertility (sf), 3 for 1000-grain weight (tgwt), 1 for spikelet ...199624166618
the origin, identification, and plant morphology of five rice monosomics.five different monosomics of rice (oryza sativa l.) were obtained by treatment of pollen with gamma irradiation, as a by-product of attempts to determine the cytological loci of certain marker genes, i.e., mature pollen carrying normal alleles at all loci was given gamma rays and used for pollinating strains that were homozygous for recessive marker genes. the monosomics showed distinguishable morphological features and had complete seed sterility. cytological studies revealed that one monosomic ...199618469913
epidermal growth factor binding proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves.a ligand blotting experiment using [125i]epidermal growth factor (egf) showed that there are egf binding proteins in rice leaves. egf binding proteins have isoelectric points and relative molecular masses of 5.5/35 kda, 7.5/50 kda and 8.3/40 kda, respectively. the amino acid sequences of the n-terminal and internal regions of the egf binding proteins were determined. the amino acid sequences of 35 kda protein and 40 kda were found to be homologous with those of the photosystem ii oxygen-evolving ...19968799499
submergence enhances expression of a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in deepwater rice.partial submergence greatly stimulates internodal growth in deep water rice (oryza sativa l.). previous work has shown that the effect of submergence is, at least in part, mediated by ethylene, which accumulates in the air spaces of submerged internodes. to investigate the expression of the genes encoding ethylene biosynthetic enzymes during accelerated growth of deep water rice, we cloned a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) oxidase cdna (os-aco1) from internodes of submerged plants and me ...19968759917
a methyltransferase for synthesis of the flavanone phytoalexin sakuranetin in rice leaves.rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves irradiated with short wave uv light accumulated the major rice phytoalexin, flavanone sakuranetin. the extracts from these leaves catalyzed the methylation of the hydroxyl group at position 7 of naringenin to yield sakuranetin, with s-adenosyl-l-methionine as the methyl donor. activity of the naringenin 7-o-methyltransferase was not found in healthy rice leaves but increased upon irradiation with uv light in parallel with increase in sakuranetin. the autoradiogram o ...19968651913
mapping quantitative trait loci associated with root penetration ability in rice (oryza sativa l.).root penetration ability is an important factor for rice drought resistance in areas with soils subject to both compaction and periodic water deficits. however, breeding for root penetration ability is inhibited by the difficulties associated with measuring root traits. our objective was to identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) associated with root penetration ability. using wax-petrolatum layers as a proxy for compacted soil, we counted the number of vertical root axes pene ...199624166384
function of silica bodies in the epidermal system of rice (oryza sativa l.): testing the window hypothesis.silicon has been considered to be important for normal growth and development of the rice plant (oryza sativa l.). to investigate the physiological function of deposited silica in rice leaves, the hypothesis that silica bodies in the leaf epidermal system might act as a 'window' to facilitate the transmission of light to photosynthetic mesophyll tissue was tested. the silica content of leaves increased with supplied silicon and was closely correlated with the number of silica bodies per unit lea ...199611539362
mechanism of safening action of dymuron and its two monomethyl analogues against bensulfuron-methyl injury to rice (oryza sativa)the comparative efficacy and mechanism of action of the herbicide dymuron and its two optically active monomethyl analogues, (r)-1-(alpha-methylbenzyl)-3-(p-tolylurea) (r-mbtu) and s-mbtu, as safeners of rice against injury from bensulfuron-methyl were investigated. bioassays using etiolated seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l., cv. lemont), grown either in agar or in liquid media containing bensulfuron-methyl, showed that this sulfonylurea herbicide is a potent inhibitor of rice root growth (i50 ...19968980030
isolation of mammalian pol beta type dna polymerase in shoot tips of germinated seedlings of ir-8 rice (oryza sativa l.).a single polypeptide of approx. 67 kda mol.wt. with dna polymerase activity has been chromatographically purified from shoot tips of 72 hr. grown germinated seedlings of rice (oryza sativa.l.cv ir-8). an approx. 4800 fold enrichment of specific activity was measured by the incorporation of 3h-dtmp into trichloroacetic acid insoluble fraction, using activated calf thymus dna as template-primer. the enzyme uses different types of dna but not rna as a template. the enzyme requires mg+2, high kcl, a ...19968799334
purification and properties of oryza sativa cu-zn superoxide dismutase.superoxide dismutase has been purified to homogeneity from oryza sativa germinated seeds growth in the dark. the purified enzyme contained two electrophoretically distinct bands on continuous gel electrophoresis or analytical gel electrofocusing. sds-page showed a single band of an m(r) 15000 while gel chromatography on sephadex g 100 showed a single peak of an m(r) 32000. it contained two cu and two zn ions. the spectra of ultraviolet and visible regions were similar to those of cu-zn mammalian ...19968784923
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