Publications

effects of fish and safflower oil feeding on subcellular glucose transporter distributions in rat adipocytes.	effects of fish oil feeding on glucose transport systems and cell size in rat adipocytes were examined and compared with those of safflower oil or carbohydrate feeding under isoenergy intake conditions. glucose transport activity was assessed by measuring 3-o-methyl-d-glucose transport. the concentration of erythrocyte type glucose transporter (glut-1) and muscle/fat type transporter (glut-4) was measured by immunoblotting. the amount of each transporter in intact cells was estimated by the amou ...	1992	1636703
dietary fatty acids temporarily alter liver very long-chain fatty acid composition in mice.	to determine the influence of dietary fatty acids on tissue very long-chain fatty acid (vlfa) composition, mice were fed four diets containing 15 g fat/100 g diet derived largely from either safflower oil, peanut oil, olive oil or glycerol trioleate oil. the diets varied widely in the composition of vlfa and other fatty acids. digestibility of total dietary vlfa ranged from 84.6% in mice fed the glycerol trioleate diet to 96.7% in those fed the safflower oil diet. after 3 mo, the saturated vlfa ...	1992	1640260
effect of different dietary triglycerides on liver fatty acids and prostaglandin synthesis by mouse peritoneal cells.	the effect of dietary triglycerides varying in fatty acid composition on the tissue fatty acids and prostaglandin synthesis was studied in mice. the dietary fats were medium-chain triglycerides (rich in c8:0 and c10:0), structured lipids (rich in 12:0), high oleic sunflower oil (rich in 18:1), corn oil (rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids), and menhaden oil (rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) fed at 5% by weight in refined diets. the medium chain fatty acids c8 to c12 from medium-chain ...	1992	1640628
short-term dietary lipid manipulation does not affect survival in two models of murine sepsis.	dietary lipid manipulation has been shown to have various effects on the immune system, depending on the amount of fat, degree of saturation, and type of fat used. in this study we investigated the role of different sources of fat at different levels on the survival of mice in two models of peritonitis, one with pseudomonas aeruginosa and the other with salmonella typhimurium. cf1 mice were pair-fed diets with 5% or 40% of total calories as fat. the source of fat used was coconut oil, oleic acid ...	1992	1640632
how does fish oil lower plasma triglycerides?	studies using dietary fish oil, safflower oil, and palm oil suggest that the decrease in plasma triacylglycerol due to dietary fish oils is somehow related to a decrease in the capacity of the liver to hydrolyze the phosphatidate, which then affects microsomal synthesis of triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol.	1992	1641198
comparison between the effects of dietary saturated (16:0), monounsaturated (18:1), and polyunsaturated (18:2) fatty acids on plasma lipoprotein metabolism in cebus and rhesus monkeys fed cholesterol-free diets.	cebus and rhesus monkeys were fed cholesterol-free diets providing 40% of energy as fat for 6-wk periods. the fats were high-linoleic acid safflower oil (hlso), high-oleic acid safflower oil (hoso), or palm oil (po), rich in polyunsaturated (18:2), monounsaturated (18:1), or saturated (16:0) fatty acids, respectively. in cebus monkeys, plasma cholesterol concentrations during hlso intake were 17-19% lower than those during hoso or po intake, attributed to a decrease in high-density lipoprotein ( ...	1992	1728820
[a study on the relationship between the growth and yield of safflower under plastic mulching].		1993	8003210
effect of dietary fat on glomerular lipid composition and angiotensin ii receptors.	nutritional factors are major etiologic determinants which may affect the incidence or severity of hypertension. since angiotensin ii (ang ii) has a role in some forms of hypertension, the influence of dietary lipid composition on glomerular lipid content and on ang ii receptor parameters was determined. three groups of rats were fed diets containing 14% by weight of 1) beef fat (saturated fatty acid rich), 2) safflower oil (n-6 fatty acid rich), or 3) fish oil (n-3 fatty acid rich), each supple ...	1993	8007446
enhanced blood pressure response to dietary salt in elderly women, especially those with small waist: hip ratio.	to determine the blood pressure responses in elderly normotensive men and women to dietary sodium and to the diunsaturated fatty acid dihomogammalinolenic acid (dgla), which is derived from linoleic acid.	1993	8133020
anti-inflammatory effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on experimental skin inflammation models.	anti-inflammatory effects of eicosapentaenoic (epa) and docosahexaenoic acids (dha) were examined on three models of skin inflammation induced in mice by topical application of an arachidonic acid (aa) solution, ultraviolet-b (uvb) irradiation, and contact sensitization with dinitrofluorobenzene. ear oedema reactions induced by aa and uvb irradiation were significantly suppressed in mice fed a daily dose of 300 mg/kg epa for 2 weeks. the contact hypersensitivity reaction was not impaired by epa. ...	1993	8304784
effect of dietary fat and cholesterol on dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in sprague-dawley rats.	the effect of dietary fats and cholesterol on dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis was studied in female sprague-dawley rats. when the dietary fat source (at the 5% level) was palm oil (saturated fat) or corn oil (unsaturated fat), dietary cholesterol at the 0.2% level increased the tumor number of rats fed corn oil, but not those fed palm oil. perilla oil (rich in alpha-linolenic acid) reduced tumor development as compared with safflower oil (rich in linoleic acid), but agai ...	1993	8317898
effects of dietary fatty-acid supplementation on fatty-acid composition and deformability of young and old erythrocytes.	the effects of cell age on erythrocyte phospholipid fatty-acid composition and deformability were examined in 20 healthy adults (11 male, 9 female) prior to and following 12 weeks of dietary supplementation with 3.5 g/day of safflower oil (high in n - 6 fatty acids) or fish oil (high in n - 3 fatty acids). in the absence of dietary supplementation, old erythrocytes demonstrated an increase in filtration time (p < 0.001), an increase in membrane phospholipid total n - 6 fatty acids (p < 0.01), an ...	1993	8323949
[effect of verapamil with renal disease basic-prescription on hemorheology indexes of type ii nephrotic syndrome].	24 cases of type ii nephrotic syndrome were studied and divided randomly into two groups. group a: 12 cases treated with verapamil; group b: 12 cases treated with verapamil plus renal disease basic-prescription (rdbp). hemorheology indexes were measured in the two groups before and 4 weeks after the treatment. the results showed hyperviscosity was obviously improved in group a after verapamil administration (p < 0.05), but the improvement in group b was much more significant than that in group a ...	1993	8334344
are dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids deposited to the same extent in adipose tissue of rabbits?	the objective of this study was to determine the effect that different dietary fatty acids would have on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue. thirty adult rabbits were starved 3-4 wk to deplete adipose tissue stores. they were then refed five different fats (linseed, rapeseed, cocoa butter, palm, and safflower oils) to regain initial body weights. the fatty acids of the adipose tissue, in general, reflected the diet. positive correlations between the amount of the five commonly consumed ...	1993	8338044
dietary fatty acids regulate hepatic low density lipoprotein (ldl) transport by altering ldl receptor protein and mrna levels.	the concentration of ldl in plasma is strongly influenced by the amount and the type of lipid in the diet. recent studies in the hamster have shown that dietary fatty acids differentially affect circulating ldl levels primarily by altering receptor-dependent ldl uptake in the liver. to investigate the mechanistic basis of this effect, rates of receptor-dependent ldl transport in the liver were correlated with ldl receptor protein and mrna levels in hamsters fed safflower oil or coconut oil and v ...	1993	8349814
in vitro hepatic thyroid hormone deiodination in iron-deficient rats: effect of dietary fat.	the effects of different dietary fats on thyroid indices were studied in weanling iron-deficient rats. rats were fed one of five different diets (safflower oil with a casein protein source, safflower oil with defatted beef as the protein source, prime rib, beef tallow with casein and stearate with casein). both dietary fat and iron status (adequate, cn; deficient, id; or iron-deficient replete, id-replete) had significant effects on body weight and hemoglobin concentrations. the tallow-fed anima ...	1993	8350675
n-3 fatty acids from fish oil. effects on plasma lipoproteins and hypertriglyceridemic patients.	in the experimental studies reported in this review, dietary n-3 fatty acids from fish and fish oil had profound hypolipidemic effects in normal subjects and in hypertriglyceridemic patients with combined hyperlipidemia (type ii-b) and types iv and v hyperlipidemia. in these carefully controlled metabolic experiments, dramatic reductions occurred in plasma triglycerides and to a lesser extent in plasma total cholesterol. reductions in vldl, chylomicrons, remnants, ldl, apo b, and apo e were also ...	1993	8352438
dietary n-3 fatty acids alter murine peritoneal macrophage cytotoxicity.	male cd-1 mice were fed diets containing 10 wt% fat composed of a constant amount of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa; safflower oil, 1.5 wt%) and increasing levels of n-3 pufa (up to 1.5 wt%); the remaining fat was a 50:50 mixture of tripalmitin and triolein. four days prior to sacrifice, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with sterile thioglycollate. peritoneal macrophages were analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids, prostaglandin e2 (pge2) synthesis and cytotoxicity towards l929 ...	1993	8373135
influence of feeding unsaturated fats on growth and immune status of mice.	dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the lipid composition and immune systems of mice. to date, most studies have been of short duration and focused on a particular immunologic assay. adult female mice were therefore fed diets rich in 18:1(n-9) (olive oil), 18:2(n-6) (safflower oil), 18:3(n-3) (linseed oil) or 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) (fish oil-safflower oil, 9:1, wt/wt), for a 5-mo period, encompassing two breeding cycles. offspring from the second breeding cycle were then fed these diets f ...	1993	8381477
effect of diets containing different levels of linoleic acid on human breast cancer growth and lung metastasis in nude mice.	the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of three different levels of dietary linoleic acid (la) intake on the growth of mda-mb-435 human breast cancer cells in the mammary fat pads of nude mice, and their metastasis to the lungs. these diets were isocaloric, and contained different mixtures of safflower (la-rich) and coconut (saturated fatty acid-rich) oils to provide 23% (w/w) total fat, with 2, 8, and 12% (w/w) la. a fourth group was fed a low-fat, 5% (w/w) corn oil diet. there we ...	1993	8402646
effect of dietary n-3 versus n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on hepatic excretion of cholesterol in the hamster.	dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 and the n-3 class show differing effects on serum lipids and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism, which could be induced by alterations in hepatocellular cholesterol balance. as both fatty acid classes exert parallel effects on lipoprotein uptake and synthesis of cholesterol in the liver, we studied whether they have differing effects on the excretory pathways for cholesterol. male syrian hamsters were fed for 3 weeks low-cholesterol diets supplemented ( ...	1993	8409762
white sturgeon tissue fatty acid compositions are affected by dietary lipids.	juvenile white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus) were fed eight isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets for 9 wk to study their ability to utilize different dietary lipids. each diet contained 15% of control oil mixture (corn oil-cold liver oil-lard, 1:1:1), corn oil, cod liver oil, lard, linseed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil or canola oil. no significant (p > 0.05) differences in percentage of body weight increase, feed efficiency or body composition were observed among sturgeon fed t ...	1993	8410359
modulation of macrophage membrane phospholipids by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increases interleukin 1 release and prevents suppression of cellular immunity following hemorrhagic shock.	studies have suggested that the significant suppression of cellular immunity following hemorrhage may be due to an increased release of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) by macrophages. since diets high in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease pge2 synthesis, we assessed whether hemorrhage-induced immunosuppression could be prevented by dietary manipulation. c3h/hen mice were fed for 3 weeks with fat sources derived from corn oil, safflower oil, or fish oil, then bled to a mean blood pressure of 35 mm ...	1993	8418775
neuroprotectants in honghua: glucose attenuates retinal ischemic damage.	this study examined the neuroprotective properties of honghua, an extract of safflower used as an herbal medicine in china, in several experimental models of retinal ischemia.	1993	8425843
the effect of fish oil supplements on blood pressure.	we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study to determine the effects of fish oil supplementation on blood pressure in middle-aged men. subjects were randomly assigned to consume either 20 g of fish oil or safflower oil for 12 weeks and then consume the other oil for an additional 12 weeks after a 4-week washout period. we found no significant changes from the pretreatment value in systolic or diastolic blood pressure with the use of fish oil supplements. in addition, there we ...	1993	8427339
transcutaneous application of oil and prevention of essential fatty acid deficiency in preterm infants.	the topical application of vegetable oil was assessed as an alternative means of providing essential fatty acids (efa) to parentally fed preterm infants who were not receiving lipid. three infant pairs ranging in gestational age from 26-32 weeks were studied. safflower oil or safflower oil esters (1 g linoleic acid/kg/day) were applied to available areas daily. all infants rapidly developed biochemical efa deficiency. the plasma fatty acid profiles were similar in infants with or without topical ...	1993	8439192
a comparison of medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides in surgical patients.	available lipid emulsions made from soybean or safflower oil are classified as long-chain triglycerides (lct). in contrast, medium-chain triglyceride (mct) emulsions have different physical properties and are metabolized by other biochemical pathways. to compare the differences between these two fat emulsions, the authors studied 12 surgical patients and 6 volunteers. these subjects were randomly assigned to receive parenteral nutrition with mct or lct emulsion. measurement of arterial and venou ...	1993	8439215
fish oil has protective and therapeutic effects on proteinuria in passive heymann nephritis.	passive heymann nephritis (phn) is a rat model of membranous nephropathy induced by injecting anti-fx1a. the onset of proteinuria in phn is caused by complement-mediated injury to glomerular epithelial cells (gec) accompanied by enhanced glomerular eicosanoid production. in addition, sublethal injury by complement of rat gecs in culture leads to phospholipase activation, phospholipid hydrolysis and release of arachidonic acid and dienoic prostanoids. based on these findings, we undertook to dete ...	1993	8441231
effects of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol on rumen bacteria in the utilization of long-chain fatty acids and cellulose.	addition of safflower oil to a growth medium depressed the growth of mixed rumen bacteria above 200 mg/l and did not significantly increase bacteria, even at lower concentrations. however, when 10 mg/l of beta-carotene were added to 50 to 100 mg/l of safflower oil, bacterial growth was significantly increased. when more than 200 mg/l of safflower oil were present, beta-carotene markedly restored the growth capacity. alpha-tocopherol was more effective than beta-carotene, although it inhibited gr ...	1993	8445103
the effect of different dietary fats on gastrin levels in the pyloric antrum and plasma of weaner and adult wistar rats.	the effect of dietary fats on gastrin in the pyloric antrum and plasma of wistar rats was examined. two different age-groups of rats were fed on three different diets in which fat was in the form of menhaden oil (mo), hydrogenated coconut oil (co) and safflower oil (so) respectively. control groups were fed on normal laboratory diet. each diet was isoenergetic and no group showed significant differences in either food intake or weight gain during the experiment. weaner rats fed on the mo diet ex ...	1993	8457523
dietary lipid profile is a determinant of tissue phospholipid fatty acid composition and rate of weight gain in rats.	modifications in membrane fatty acid composition and insulin action are possible through dietary intervention. we examined the metabolic fate of (n-3) fatty acids in male wistar rats, using three isocaloric, high fat diets. the et-l, ol-l and saf-l diets contained edible tallow, olive oil and safflower oil, respectively, with identical amounts of (n-3) fatty acids as linseed oil. despite isocaloric feeding, weight gain was lower (p < 0.001) in rats fed the more highly saturated et-l diet (69 +/- ...	1993	8463854
comparative responses of rats to different copper intakes and modes of supplementation.	purified diets deficient in copper and based on either sucrose, egg white, and corn oil or sucrose, casein, corn starch, and safflower oil were fed to young rats. graded amounts of copper were supplied in drinking solutions with the former diet and by addition to the latter diet; anatomical, chemical, and physiologic responses were compared. three micrograms cu/ml and 5 micrograms cu/g were sufficient to maximize the direct assessments of copper nutriture (copper in blood plasma, heart, and live ...	1993	8502663
effect on serum lipids of addition of safflower oil or olive oil to very-low-fat diets rich in lean beef.	the cholesterol-lowering effect of very-low-fat diets rich in lean beef has previously been shown to be reversed with the addition of beef fat. the aim of this study was to determine the effect on serum lipid levels of the addition of safflower oil or olive oil to a very-low-fat diet rich in lean beef. subjects were assigned to either the safflower oil or the olive oil group. in the first week the subjects ate their usual diet; in the second and third weeks all subjects ate a very-low-fat (9% of ...	1993	8509588
the effect of various phospholipids on plasma lipoproteins and liver lipids in hypercholesterolemic rats.	rats were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (5% lard, 0.5% cholesterol, and 0.25% sodium cholate) containing 5% of dietary phospholipid as safflower phospholipid (sap), soybean phospholipid (sop), or egg yolk phospholipid (egp), or 5% of soybean oil (so) as a control for 4 weeks. the concentrations of plasma cholesterol were significantly higher in rats fed the egp diet than those of the other diets. similarly, the concentrations of chylomicron plus very low density lipoprotein (vldl) cholesterol ...	1993	8509902
effect of a high linoleate and a high alpha-linolenate diet on general behavior and drug sensitivity in mice.	semi-purified diets supplemented with either a high linoleate (n-6) (safflower) oil or a high alpha-linolenate (n-3) (perilla) oil were fed to mouse mothers and their offspring through 6 weeks of age. the proportions of n-3 and n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids in brain phospholipids reflected the n-3/n-6 balance of the diets while no difference was found in phospholipid compositions or cholesterol/phospholipid ratios. in the elevated plus maze task, the total number of entries into the open- a ...	1993	8094090
effect of intravenous lipid emulsions enriched with gamma-linolenic acid on plasma n-6 fatty acids and prostaglandin biosynthesis after burn and endotoxin injury in rats.	to study the effect of intravenous lipid emulsions enriched with gamma-linolenic acid on plasma fatty acids and series-2 prostaglandins to determine if the slow conversion of linoleic acid by delta-6-desaturase to gamma-linolenic acid could be bypassed to provide substrate for the formation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, the immediate precursor for series-1 prostaglandins, in control and injured rats. dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid can also compete with arachidonic acid for oxidative metabolism by ...	1993	8222692
effects of purified dietary n-3 ethyl esters on murine t lymphocyte function.	to precisely determine the biologic role of fish oil-derived constituents (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids), it is imperative that information on highly purified n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids be evolved. therefore, we studied the effects of a low dose, short term dietary supplementation with highly purified (n-3) ethyl esters with regard to murine t lymphocyte function. a 10-day dietary supplementation with low dose, highly purified (n-3) fatty acid ethyl esters was examined for effects on mur ...	1993	8228217
purified dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter diacylglycerol mass and molecular species composition in concanavalin a-stimulated murine splenocytes.	a low-dose, short-term dietary supplementation with highly purified (n-3) fatty acid ethyl esters was studied in mice to determine the effect on splenic cell membrane diacylglycerol mass and composition. mice were fed diets containing either 3% safflower oil (saf) ethyl esters, 2% saf plus 1% eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (epa), or 2% saf plus 1% docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester (dha). following a 10-day feeding period, pathogen-free mice were sacrificed and splenic cells isolated and stimul ...	1993	8257724
dietary fatty acid composition influences energy accretion in rats.	to study the influence of dietary fatty acid composition on energy metabolism, forty male rats were fed elemental diets containing 42% of energy as fish oil, safflower oil, olive oil or beef tallow for 12 wk. food intakes and body weights were measured daily. energy expenditure and body composition were determined using doubly labeled water on the final 2 d. pooled fecal energy losses differed in response to dietary manipulation, with losses greatest in rats fed beef tallow and least in those fe ...	1993	8263604
two new quinochalcone yellow pigments from carthamus tinctorius and ca2+ antagonistic activity of tinctormine.	two new quinochalcone c-glycosides, hydroxysafflor yellow a (1a) and tinctormine (2a), were isolated from carthamus tinctorius l. (compositae) together with carthamin, safflor yellow b and safflomin c. the structures of 1a and 2a have been determined by spectroscopic methods including heteronuclear multiple-bond multiple-quantum coherence and linked scan fab-ms. the latter compound (2a) was demonstrated to have potent ca2+ antagonistic action.	1993	8281577
influence of dietary vitamin e on the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in rat liver dna.	rats were fed either a low vitamin e (ve) diet (-ve), a basal ve diet (+ve, 4.5 mg%), or a high ve diet (+ve, 45 mg%) for 7 weeks. ve content, oxidative dna damage and lipid peroxide levels in their livers were measured. when purified lard was used as a dietary fat, ve content decreased in the low ve group to one-thirtieth of that in the basal ve group; in the high ve group it increased to 4.5-fold that in the basal ve group. corresponding to the ve levels, lipid peroxide levels increased to 2.7 ...	1993	8283310
combined effects of dietary protein and fat on lipid metabolism in rats.	the combined effects of dietary protein (casein, whey protein, or soy protein) and fat (safflower oil, perilla seed oil, or their mixed oil; linoleic acid/alpha-linolenic acid = 5.0) on several lipid parameters were studied in rats. serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were lower in perilla seed oil groups irrespective of the protein sources. liver triglyceride level, and fecal excretion of steroids were influenced mainly by protein sources, particularly isolated soy protein lowered liver t ...	1993	8283312
developmental profile of diacylglycerol acyltransferase in maturing seeds of oilseed rape and safflower and microspore-derived cultures of oilseed rape.	diacylglycerol acyltransferase (ec 2.3.1.20) activity was assayed during the maturation of seeds of oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) and safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). developmental studies were also conducted with microspore-derived embryos of oilseed rape (b. napus l. cv topas) and an embryogenic microspore-derived cell-suspension culture of winter oilseed rape (b. napus l. cv jet neuf). in the maturing seeds, diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity increased to a maximum during rapid ac ...	1993	12231845
host status of selected crops to meloidogyne chitwoodi.	various crops were tested in greenhouse and field trials for their potential utility in the rotation sequence in the potato cropping system in meloidogyne chitwoodi-infested soils of the klamath basin in northeastern california and southern oregon. two solarium accessions from the international potato center in peru were potential sources of resistance to m. chitwoodi. cultivars of barley, oat, rye, wheat, and white lupine were maintenance hosts, supporting the nematode population at its current ...	1993	19279852
effects of feeding diets containing different fat supplements to swine on the visual properties and storage stability of low-fat sausage.	sixty barrows and gilts were assigned to one of five dietary treatments consisting of a control diet of corn and soybean meal and four similar test diets that contained a 10% replacement of either animal fat, safflower oil, sunflower oil or canola oil, to determine the effects of high levels of oleic acid in the diet of swine on the storage stability of fresh pork sausage. pork trim from each treatment was used to formulate sausage that contained two fat levels (25% and 35%), and two levels of a ...	1993	22060100
efficiency of early generation selections for yield and related characters in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.).	the efficiency of early generation selection for yield and related characters in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) was studied in the f2, f3 and f4 generations. twenty-five f2 progenies derived from various crosses were studied. in the f2 generation, number of capitula per plant (cnsp), number of seeds per capitulum (spsp), test weight (swsp), and seed yield (sysp) were the criteria used for single plant selection. the analysis of variance showed significant differences for all of the characte ...	1994	24177844
ntp comparative toxicology studies of corn oil, safflower oil, and tricaprylin (cas nos. 8001-30-7, 8001-23-8, and 538-23-8) in male f344/n rats as vehicles for gavage.	the types and levels of fats in the diet are known to affect the incidence of certain neoplasms in humans and rodents. in long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in rodents, the level of dietary fat is altered by using oil as a vehicle to administer unpalatable or volatile chemicals. control male rats receiving a corn oil vehicle have a higher incidence of pancreatic proliferative lesions and a lower incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia than untreated control males. therefore, the natio ...	1994	12616305
differential effects of dietary fats on sympathetic nervous system activity in the rat.	fat feeding stimulates sympathetic nervous system (sns) activity in rats. to determine if fats vary in their potency as stimulants of the sns, [3h]norepinephrine ([3h]ne) turnover was measured in heart and interscapular brown adipose tissue (ibat) of animals fed lab chow diets supplemented with safflower oil, coconut oil, or medium-chain triglycerides (mct). at 5 days, all three fats accelerated [3h]ne turnover in heart and did so equally, but only when the fat supplement represented an increase ...	1994	8289676
dietary deficiency of n-3 fatty acids alters rhodopsin content and function in the rat retina.	to investigate the possibility that previously demonstrated reductions in photoreceptor sensitivity to light in n-3 fatty-acid-deficient rats can be explained by alterations in rhodopsin content and/or function.	1994	8300367
effects of dietary menhaden oil on mucosal adaptation after small bowel resection in rats.	adaptive hyperplasia of the small intestine is important in the outcome of short bowel syndrome. previous studies have shown that long-chain fats stimulate this process. in the present study, the trophic effects of dietary menhaden oil, a highly unsaturated fat source, on mucosal adaptation following small bowel resection in rats was evaluated.	1994	8276213
modulation by dietary oils and clofibric acid of arachidonic acid content in phosphatidylcholine in liver and kidney of rat: effects on prostaglandin formation in kidney.	the manipulation of 20:4(n - 6) contents in phosphatidylcholine of liver and kidney of rats by dietary oils and p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (clofibric acid) as well as the effects on the formation of prostaglandin e2 in kidney were studied. three groups of rats were fed diets that contained either safflower oil (so) or perilla oil (po) or fish oil (fo) for 1 week. each dietary group was divided into two groups. one group continued the same diet for another 1 week; the second group continued t ...	1994	8280769
molecular characterization and cloning of an esterase which inactivates the macrolide toxin brefeldin a.	the macrolide antibiotic brefeldin a (bfa) was described as a phytotoxin and pathogenicity factor from alternaria carthami chowdhury, the causal agent of a devastating blight disease in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). the toxin is known to inhibit the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi flux and processing. conventional breeding of safflower for resistance to the alternaria blight disease has failed, and in situ detoxification of brefeldin a is a novel approach for the protection of field-grown saf ...	1994	8106385
effects of a small quantity of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular risk factors in niddm. a randomized, prospective, double-blind, controlled study.	to study the effects of a low dose of omega-3 fatty acids on platelet function and other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm).	1994	8112187
psychosocial stress, catecholamines, and essential fatty acid metabolism in rats.	to examine the effects of psychosocial stress and the "stress hormone," epinephrine, on essential fatty acid metabolism in rats, two studies were conducted. in the first, the effects of four weeks of (i) social isolation and (ii) group housing (control) on liver microsomal delta 6 and delta 5 n-6 desaturase activity were studied in group-reared male normotensive (wistar kyoto) and spontaneously hypertensive (shr) rats (n = 5/group). the second study examined the effects of acute ip epinephrine ( ...	1994	8115350
alteration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages from mice fed diets high in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids.	dietary exposure to n-3 fats found in marine fish oils are known to reduce certain inflammatory conditions. although depressed prostaglandin e2 (pge2) production is thought to be a major mechanism of the beneficial effects, the direct effects of n-3 fatty acids on inflammatory macrophage function are not well understood. in this study, production of the inflammatory monokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha), by isolated murine macrophages was assessed following a 3-week feeding with diet ...	1994	8118867
effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids upon the phospholipid molecular species of the monkey retina.	to characterize the molecular species composition of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (egp) in the primate retina and to examine the effects of different dietary fats, the authors fed rhesus monkeys diets containing widely ranging amounts of n-3 fatty acids.	1994	8125741
effects of dietary fatty acid composition on glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity in rat adipose tissue and liver.	1. how source of dietary fat influences glycerophosphate acyltransferase (gpat) activity in homogenates of adipose tissue and liver was determined using 5 rats per diet that contained 12% fat from either corn- (co), high-oleate-safflower (hoso), palm- or high-stearate-oils. 2. activity was greatest in adipose tissue homogenates of rats fed hoso and co whereas no treatment effects were observed in liver homogenates. 3. no differences in fat pad weights were observed; thus hoso- and co-diets likel ...	1994	8138047
interaction of dietary fatty acids and cyclosporine a in the borderline hypertensive rat: tissue fatty acids.	in this study we examined (i) the effects of cyclosporine a (cs) on tissue lipid composition and (ii) the effect of changes in dietary n-6 fatty acids on tissue responses to cs. fatty acid composition of liver, kidney, heart and brain were determined after 4 wk of treatment with cs (10 mg/kg.d p.o.) in male borderline hypertensive rats (bhr, n = 4/group), whose diet was supplemented with either safflower oil or evening primrose oil (epo). phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatid ...	1994	8139392
the effect of dietary fat level and quality on plasma lipoprotein lipids and plasma fatty acids in normocholesterolemic subjects.	this study examined the effect on the plasma lipids and plasma phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids of changing froma typical western diet to a very low fat (vlf) vegetarian diet containing one egg/day. the effect of the addition of saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat (pufa) to the vlf diet was also examined. three groups of 10 subjects (6 women, 4 men) were fed the vlf diet (10% energy as fat) for two weeks, and then in the next two weeks the dietary fat in each group wa ...	1994	8152346
cloning and expression in escherichia coli of a cdna coding for the oleoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase from coriander (coriandrum sativum l.).	a cdna for the oleoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) thioesterase (e.c. 3.1.2.14) from coriander seed endosperm (coriandrum sativum) was isolated using a safflower oleoyl-acp thioesterase cdna probe. the coriander cdna coded for a 42.3 kda protein including a putative 40 amino acid plastid targeting transit peptide. the gene was expressed in escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was isolated to homogeneity by alkyl-acp affinity and anion-exchange chromatography. the pure protein showed a high ...	1994	8155723
effect of dietary fat on cardiovascular risk factors in infancy.	to determine the effects of feeding regimens of varying fat composition on dietary intake and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in older infants.	1994	8165074
reevaluation and application of the dual-isotope plasma ratio method for the measurement of intestinal cholesterol absorption in the hamster.	these experiments systematically evaluated the dual-isotope plasma ratio method for measuring intestinal cholesterol absorption in the hamster. it was found that while the ratio of the 3h- and 14c-labeled cholesterol in the plasma, relative to the respective dose of each that was given, became constant by 72 h after their administration, the percent cholesterol absorption was lower in animals that were fasted before dosing (35.7 +/- 5.5%) than in their fed controls (47.5 +/- 3.7%). furthermore, ...	1994	8169536
liver microsomal mixed-function oxidases in response to polyunsaturated/saturated and n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios of dietary lipids in rats.	the effects of various polyunsaturated/saturated (p/s; 0.29-2.74) and n-6/n-3 (0.49-11.21) ratios of dietary fatty acids and of phenobarbital (pb) stimulation on the activity of liver microsomal mixed-function oxidase (mfo) system were studied in rats using a combination of palm oil, safflower oil and fish oil concentrate. when the n-6/n-3 ratio was kept constant (4.6-4.9) without induction by pb, the highest p/s ratio (2.74) tended to increase the basal pb-uninduced mfo activities; while the pb ...	1994	8185285
dietary platycladus orientalis seed oil suppresses anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies and prolongs survival of nzb mice.	dietary fish oils rich in 20:5(5,8,11,14,17) and 22:6(4,7,10,13,16,19) are known to replace arachidonic acid [20:4(5,8,11,14)] and to improve the immunopathology of new zealand mice. however, in humans, similar dietary strategies may be impractical because of the high levels of fish oils required. in contrast, we believe that beneficial effects in humans may be attainable using new exotic fatty acids. toward this end, we have focused on 5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid [5,11,14-eta, 20:3(5,11,14)]. t ...	1994	8200132
linoleic acid enhances mitogen response and survival of septic weanling rats.	immunologic responses to various dietary fats and concentrations remain controversial. the authors examined the effect of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) on the immune system of weanling rats. male weanling sprague-dawley rats were fed special liquid diets based on a standard enteral formula: (i) control: 2.2% calories as safflower oil (linoleic acid), (ii) omega-3: 2.2% calories as safflower oil and 30% calories as cod liver oil (linolenic acid), and (iii) omega-6 ...	1994	8201499
dietary nitrogen and lipid utilization by growing pigs fed structured triacylglycerides synthesized from medium-chain triacylglycerides and menhaden oil.	a total of 24 crossbred barrows were used in a 19-d metabolism trial to determine the effect of dietary structured triacylglycerides synthesized by the random reesterification of medium-chain triacylglycerides (mct) and menhaden oil on growth performance, nitrogen retention, and apparent digestibilities of nitrogen, lipid, and fatty acids. pigs were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments differing only in lipid source. dietary treatments (percentage by weight of total lipid) contained eith ...	1994	8014160
diets rich in lean beef increase arachidonic acid and long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in plasma phospholipids.	diets rich in meat are claimed to contribute to the high tissue arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) content in people in westernized societies, but there are very few direct data to substantiate this assertion. because meat contains a variety of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) that are susceptible to oxidation, we initially examined the effect of cooking on the long-chain pufa content of beef, and then determined the effect of ingestion of lean beef on the concentration of long-chain p ...	1994	8015364
effect of low and high amounts of a structured lipid containing fish oil on protein metabolism in enterally fed burned rats.	to determine the optimal fat intake and source in nutritional support, we measured the protein-sparing effects of a structured lipid (sl) derived from 60% medium-chain triglyceride (mct) and 40% fish oil and a 50:50 soybean to safflower oil emulsion (long-chain triglyceride, lct). male sprague-dawley rats received an enteral diet for 7 d with either all nonprotein energy as dextrose (control diet) or 10% or 35% nonprotein energy as sl or lct. the rats were burned on day 3. indirect calorimetry a ...	1994	8030599
dietary fish oil enhances macrophage production of nitric oxide.	nitric oxide (no) is recognized as an important mediator of hemodynamic regulation and multisystem organ failure (mof). although polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) are known to modify the elaboration of some humoral mediators in mof, their effect upon no production has not been evaluated. this study was designed to examine the effect of omega-3 (omega 3) and omega-6 (omega 6) pufa on macrophage production of no, tnf, pge2, and pgi2. rats were fed diets of 18% by calorie safflower oil (omega 6) o ...	1994	8041151
amount and type of dietary fat regulate pancreatic lipase gene expression in rats.	both amount and type of dietary triglycerides regulate pancreatic lipase, but the mechanism is not fully understood. this study investigated the effects of type (safflower oil and lard) and amount [low (50 g/kg diet) or moderate (174 g/kg diet)] of fat on rat pancreatic lipase (rpl) activity and mrna levels. polyunsaturated safflower oil resulted in 80% greater lipase activity compared with the saturated lard at moderate levels, whereas safflower oil resulted in 50% lower lipase activity compare ...	1994	8064366
n-3 fatty acids reduce in vitro thromboxane production while having little effect on in vitro prostacyclin production in the rat.	male sprague-dawley rats were fed diets with 50% of the energy from fat over a 20-day period. the fats used were hydrogenated beef-fat (hbf), or hbf supplemented with ethyl arachidonate a, safflower oil (so), or a mixture of so and linseed oil (lo). for comparative purposes, another group of animals was fed a diet providing 50% of the energy as butter-fat. in vitro aortic prostacyclin (pgi2) and serum thromboxane (txa2) levels (from clotting blood) were determined by radioimmunoassay of 6-keto p ...	1994	8066095
[the effect of zinc deficiency on heart and brain lipids in rats force-fed with coconut oil or fish oil diets].	the present study investigated the effect of zinc deficiency on lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of heart and brain in force-fed rats receiving either a diet with coconut oil and safflower oil (86:14, w/w) or a diet with fish oil and safflower oil (91:9, w/w). four groups of growing male sprague-dawley rats were fed 11.6 g of a semisynthetic diet containing either 0.8 mg zn/kg or 111 mg zn/kg with either coconut oil and safflower oil or fish oil and safflower oil per day by gastri ...	1994	8079508
the effects of dietary oils on the fatty acid composition and osmotic fragility of rat erythrocytes.	the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different dietary oils representing special fatty acids which varied in chain length, position and number of double bonds on fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes and on the osmotic fragility of rat erythrocytes after incubation in nacl solutions of different concentrations. for this purpose all animals were initially fed a control diet (co) containing 10% coconut oil and 0.4% safflower oil for 28 days. after that 10 groups ...	1994	8079509
effect of source and amount of supplemental fat on lactation and digestion in cows.	thirty holstein cows averaging 50 dim were assigned to five dietary treatments for 75 d to determine the effects of source and amount of supplemental fat on milk yield, milk composition, and nutrient digestibilities. diets were 1) control, 2) diet 1 plus 12% whole cotton-seed, 3) diet 2 plus 2.2% safflower oil, 4) diet 2 plus 2.2% prilled tallow fatty acids, and 5) diet 2 plus 4.4% prilled tallow fatty acids. milk yield was increased an average of 2.1 kg/d by addition of 2.2% prilled tallow fatt ...	1994	8083424
effect of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester on albuminuria in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	wistar rats (4-week-old) were administered with streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) through tail veins. after 3 months, diabetic rats were divided into 2 groups. one group (epa group, n = 16) was fed a lipid-free diet (90%, w/w) plus lard (8%) and 90% pure eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (2%) for 6 months. the other group (control group, n = 16) was fed in the same way except that eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester was replaced by safflower oil. twenty-four-hour urine was collected just before starting t ...	1994	8089771
in vivo 13c nmr analysis of acyl chain composition and organization of perirenal triacylglycerides in rats fed vegetable and fish oils.	lipid composition of body fat can be a key indicator of nutritional status and a number of human disorders. in vivo 13c nmr provides for repeated, noninvasive analysis of fatty acyl chain composition on individuals, which circumvents classical problems of individual variation and repetitive invasive sampling. it also offers a unique opportunity to examine acyl chain organization in situ. this approach was used to examine the fatty acyl chain composition in the perirenal fat pads of rats fed oliv ...	1994	8006523
the effects of intravenous triton wr-1339 on factor vii coagulant activity and plasma lipoproteins in normocholesterolaemic and hypercholesterolaemic rabbits.	the hypothesis that lipolysis of large lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase (lpl) has an important influence on the activation of the contact system of coagulation and subsequently on factor vii activation was tested in rabbits rendered hyperlipidaemic by dietary means and/or by injection of triton wr-1339. the dietary treatment involved a control diet and two isocaloric diets containing either a 0.5% cholesterol or 0.5% cholesterol and 7.5% safflower oil supplement. other groups of rabbits were g ...	1994	7841315
nucleotide sequence of a cdna from carthamus tinctorius encoding a glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase.		1994	7846182
fish oil feeding modulates leukotriene production in murine lupus nephritis.	diets enriched with fish oil (fo) ameliorate kidney disease in the mrl-lpr/lpr murine model of lupus nephritis. although the mechanisms of this effect are not known, fo is rich in the polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) which may have profound effects on eicosanoid metabolism. in mrl-lpr/lpr mice, fo feeding reduces renal production of cyclooxygenase metabolites. however, epa may also affect the metabolism of arachidonate by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-lo) pathway and enhanced produ ...	1994	7855311
the effect of dietary lipid manipulation on hepatic mitochondrial phospholipid fatty acid composition and carnitine palmitoyltransferase i activity.	the maximal activity of the overt from of carnitine palmitoyltransferase i (cpt i; ec 2.3.1.21) and its sensitivity to inhibition by malonyl coa were measured in mitochondria prepared from the livers of rats which had been fed for 10 weeks on either a low fat diet (lf; 2.4% fat by weight) or on one of four high fat diets which contained 20% by weight of either hydrogenated coconut oil (hco), olive oil (oo), safflower oil (so) or menhaden (fish) oil (mo). cpt i activity (i.e. activity per g of li ...	1994	7866292
n-3 fatty acids inhibit defects and fatty acid changes caused by phenytoin in early gestation in mice.	our previous work has shown that n-3 fatty acids exert a protective effect against phenytoin-induced cleft palate when phenytoin was administered midgestation [gestational days (gd) 12 and 13] to cd-1 mice. the effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on phenytoin teratogenicity were investigated at an earlier gestational period (gd 9) to examine whether n-3 fatty acids could exert protective action against other teratogenic effects of phenytoin apart from cleft palate. the effect of phenytoin exposur ...	1994	7869858
the effect of zinc deficiency on erythrocyte membrane lipids of force-fed rats receiving a diet containing coconut oil or fish oil.	in the present study, the effect of zinc deficiency on erythrocyte membrane lipids of force-fed rats that received either a diet with coconut oil and safflower oil (86:14, w/w) or a diet with fish oil and safflower oil (91:9, w/w) was investigated. zinc deficiency caused in the rats fed both types of dietary fat an increase in the amounts of total phospholipids and individual phospholipid classes in erythrocyte membranes. in the rats fed the coconut oil diet, zinc deficiency caused an increase i ...	1994	7881279
effect of dietary fats on cholesterol metabolism and eicosanoid production in hamsters fed undigested fraction of soybean protein.	the undigested fraction of soybean protein (udf) exerts a markedly greater hypocholesterolemic effect than soybean protein itself in rats. the present study was undertaken to confirm the effect in hamsters, a more appropriate animal model for human cholesterol metabolism. hamsters were given diets containing udf at a nitrogen level equivalent to the 20% casein diet. dietary fats, at the 10% level, were perilla oil and safflower oil. there was apparently no increase in the serum and liver cholest ...	1994	7891210
differential response of glucose utilization by three rat muscle tissues to dietary fatty acid composition.	rats were fed a semisynthetic diet containing 14% of either beef fat, safflower oil, or menhaden oil plus 2% corn oil for 7 weeks, and three tissues, diaphragm, heart, and skeletal muscle, were examined for fatty acid composition in their phospholipids and triglycerides. in addition, the lipid concentrations in these tissues were examined. the in vitro oxidation and incorporation of glucose into lipids of these tissues were also examined. skeletal muscle showed the greatest change in phospholipi ...	1994	7891403
colon cancer prevention with a small amount of dietary perilla oil high in alpha-linolenic acid in an animal model.	epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that dietary fish oil and vegetable oil high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) suppress the risk of colon cancer. the optimal amount to prevent colon carcinogenesis with perilla oil high in omega-3 pufa alpha-linolenic acid in a 12% medium-fat diet was investigated in female f344 rats. for comparison, safflower oil high in omega-6 pufa linoleic acid was used.	1994	7908858
a high alpha-linolenate diet suppresses antigen-induced immunoglobulin e response and anaphylactic shock in mice.	mice were fed for 2 mo diets having ratios of alpha-linolenate [18:3 (n-3)] to linoleate [18:2(n-6)] of < 0.01, 0.36, 1.0 and 3.9. proportions of safflower seed oil and perilla seed oil were adjusted to obtain these ratios. the dietary alpha-linolenate to linoleate balance was reflected in the proportion of (n-3) and (n-6) highly unsaturated fatty acids with 20- and 22-carbon chains in spleen phospholipids, but the ratio did not affect the proportion of t lymphocyte subsets expressing cd4 and cd ...	1994	7916376
lipid mediated modification of rat heart allograft survival.	the effect on allograft survival of intravenous fat emulsions that differed in the ratio of functionally important n-3 and n-6 fatty acids was studied in a heterotopic cardiac transplant model in rats. twenty percent fat emulsions were administered by continuous infusion at a dosage of 9 g fat/kg body weight per day, starting immediately after transplantation and continuing until complete rejection. the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids represent 75%, 43%, 60%, and 59% of all fatty acids in safflower oil, ...	1994	7916923
effects of continuous tube feeding of dietary fat emulsions on eicosanoid production and on fatty acid composition during an acute septic shock in rats.	the effects of a short-term (5 days) continuous intragastric tube feeding of diets containing n - 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) from safflower oil (so) or n - 3 pufa from menhaden oil (mo) on the production of proinflammatory mediators, and on the number of animals surviving after an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (lps) were investigated in rats. the phospholipid fatty acid composition of cell membranes from several organs and of plasma were also analyzed. no marked differenc ...	1994	7918617
in vivo cytogenetic studies on mice exposed to natural food colourings.	safflower yellow and kokum red, two food colourings developed from natural plant products, were assessed in vivo for their clastogenic potential. swiss albino male mice were exposed to the compounds through ip injections. bone marrow cells isolated from femora were analysed for chromosome aberrations. the results show that the two food colourings were weakly clastogenic.	1994	7927081
modulation of exercise-induced immunosuppression by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice.	the possible interaction between intense exercise, known to suppress the immune response, and nutritive factors, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa), was examined in inbred female c57bl/6 mice. the animals received for 8 wk either a natural ingredient diet or a diet supplemented with 10 g/100 g linseed oil containing over 50% of 18:3 (n-3) alpha-linoleic acid. other groups received pufa containing only traces of 18:3 (n-3) fatty acid; beef tallow, containing mostly 18:1 (n-9) saturated fa ...	1994	7932851
[contents of free amino acids and water-soluble carbohydrates in safflower plant at different stages of growth].	as closely related to the development of plant organs, the contents of free amino acids and water-soluble carbohydrates in safflower plant vary with the course of growth. the ratio of the two contents rise with the growing periods, reaching maxima in the later stages of growth.	1994	7945879
influence of dietary fat on the pharmacodynamics of quinidine, procainamide and tocainide in isolated perfused rabbit hearts.	we have reported previously that propafenone decreased ventricular excitability and prolonged ventricular conduction time in hearts from rabbits treated with a lard diet compared to those from rabbits treated with a safflower oil diet. we hypothesized that these effects might be modulated by the lipid solubility of the drug. accordingly, we studied the effects of dietary fat on the pharmacodynamics of the hydrophilic drugs, procainamide and tocainide, and the lipophilic drug, quinidine. weanling ...	1994	7965712
effects of fat feeding on epinephrine secretion in the rat.	adrenal medullary activity increases with fasting, although a role for diet in the regulation of epinephrine (epi) secretion is otherwise unknown. the current studies examined the effects of dietary fat on adrenal medullary function in male cd rats. addition of lard to a lab chow diet (+50% of chow energy) for 4 days lowered epi excretion by 14% (p = 0.0005). two weeks' exposure to diet containing 33% lard (by energy) reduced urinary epi compared with that in animals fed an isoenergetic amount o ...	1994	7977861
dna replication time accounts for tumor growth variation induced by dietary fat in a breast carcinoma model.	female fischer rats were pair-fed on diets containing either safflower oil (so) or fish oil (fo) for 6 weeks. implanted breast 13762 mat tumors had a doubling times of 35.4 and 55.5 h in so and fo rats, respectively (p < 0.001). proliferation kinetics were measured in vivo by bromedeoxyuridine (brdurd) labeling and bivariate dna/brdurd analysis by flow cytometry. after 1 h of pulsing, the labeling index was similar in both groups. however, 6 h later, tumor cells from fo rats had significantly lo ...	1994	7982205
distribution of cholesterol among its carriers in the bile of male and female hamsters.	the distribution of cholesterol among its carriers was studied in the bile of male and female hamsters. sasco hamsters (sasco inc., omaha, ne) were fed a semipurified diet with 0.0% cholesterol and 4% butterfat (group 1, males; group 4, females); a semipurified diet with 0.3% cholesterol and 1.2% palmitic acid (group 2, males; group 5, females); and a semipurified diet with 0.3% cholesterol and 4% safflower oil (group 3, males; group 6, females). at the end of six weeks, gallstones were found on ...	1994	7990658
inhibition of natural killer cell activity by dietary lipids.	natural killer (nk) cells are a subset of cytotoxic lymphocytes found mainly in blood and the spleen. nk cells play a role in natural immunity to microbes, viruses and tumor cells and are involved in the rejection of grafts. the present study investigated the effects of diets containing oils rich in saturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids, n-6-poly-unsaturated fatty acids (pufa) or n-3-pufa on the nk cell activity and on the lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cell activity of rat sple ...	1994	8002045
suppression of monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation by black currant seed oil.	the subcutaneous air pouch formed in sprague-dawley rats was used to study the effect of diets enriched in black currant seed oil (bcso) on acute inflammation induced by monosodium urate crystals. the bcso enriched diet suppressed significantly both the cellular and fluid phases of inflammation (polymorphonuclear leucocyte and exudate accumulation). in contrast, administration of normal chow or of a diet enriched in safflower oil (polyunsaturated fatty acid control) did not influence monosodium ...	1994	7741038
beef tallow diet decreases lipoprotein lipase activities in brown adipose tissue, heart, and soleus muscle by reducing sympathetic activities in rats.	effects of dietary fats consisting of different fatty acids on lipoprotein lipase activities in the interscapular brown adipose tissue, heart, and soleus muscle, and on body fat accumulation were studied in rats. sprague-dawley male rats were meal-fed an isoenergetic diet based on either beef tallow or safflower oil for 8 weeks. lipoprotein lipase activities in the interscapular brown adipose tissue, heart, and soleus muscle before and after a meal were lower in the beef tallow diet group than i ...	1994	7751975
effect of dietary hyperlipidemic components and fish oil on concentration of lipids in liver and liver fatty acid profile of rats.	this investigation was attempted to clarify the effects of dietary hyperlipidemic components and fish oil on concentration of lipids in liver and liver fatty acid profile of rats. in a first experiment male sprague-dawley rats were maintained on a semipurified low-fat diet with 6.5% coconut oil and 1.5% safflower oil, but without added cholesterol, or a high-fat hyperlipidemic diet supplemented with 7.3% coconut oil, 7.3% beef tallow, 0.4% safflower oil, and 1.5% cholesterol for 28 days. rats fe ...	1994	7810178
immunoregulation by parenteral lipids: impact of the n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratio.	the immune system is reported to be influenced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. therefore, immunoregulation caused by intravenous fat emulsions with different n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratios was studied in an in vivo model.	1994	7815672