Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| modification of small rnas associated with suppression of rna silencing by tobamovirus replicase protein. | plant viruses act as triggers and targets of rna silencing and have evolved proteins to suppress this plant defense response during infection. although tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (tmv) triggers the production of virus-specific small interfering rnas (sirnas), this does not lead to efficient silencing of tmv nor is a tmv-green fluorescent protein (gfp) hybrid able to induce silencing of a gfp-transgene in nicotiana benthamiana, indicating that a tmv silencing suppressor is active and acts downstr ... | 2007 | 17634237 |
| geminivirus-induced gene silencing of the tobacco retinoblastoma-related gene results in cell death and altered development. | the retinoblastoma-related protein (rbr) is required for cell cycle control and differentiation and is expressed throughout the life of plants and animals. in this study, the tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) geminivirus vector was used to silence nbrbr1 in nicotiana benthamiana by microprojectile bombardment into fully developed leaves. similar to previous results using agroinoculation of a tobacco rattle virus silencing vector [park et al. (plant j 42:153, 2005)], developmental defects caused ... | 2007 | 17634748 |
| controlled synthesis of the dsf cell-cell signal is required for biofilm formation and virulence in xanthomonas campestris. | virulence of the black rot pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) is regulated by cell-cell signalling involving the diffusible signal factor dsf. synthesis and perception of dsf require products of genes within the rpf cluster (for regulation of pathogenicity factors). rpff directs dsf synthesis whereas rpfc and rpfg are involved in dsf perception. here we have examined the role of the rpf/dsf system in biofilm formation in minimal medium using confocal laser-scanning microscopy o ... | 2007 | 17635553 |
| genetic and molecular requirements for function of the pto/prf effector recognition complex in tomato and nicotiana benthamiana. | the pto gene of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) confers specific recognition of the unrelated bacterial effector proteins avrpto and avrptob. pto resides in a constitutive molecular complex with the nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeats protein prf. prf is absolutely required for specific recognition of both effectors. here, using stable transgenic lines, we show that expression of pto from its genomic promoter in susceptible tomatoes was sufficient to complement recognition of pseudomonas ... | 2007 | 17635766 |
| enzymatic properties and subcellular localization of arabidopsis beta-n-acetylhexosaminidases. | plant glycoproteins contain substantial amounts of paucimannosidic n-glycans lacking terminal glcnac residues at their nonreducing ends. it has been proposed that this is due to the action of beta-hexosaminidases during late stages of n-glycan processing or in the course of n-glycan turnover. we have now cloned the three putative beta-hexosaminidase sequences present in the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) genome. when heterologously expressed as soluble forms in spodoptera frugiperda cells, t ... | 2007 | 17644627 |
| a rangap protein physically interacts with the nb-lrr protein rx, and is required for rx-mediated viral resistance. | race-specific disease resistance in plants is mediated by the products of host disease resistance (r) genes. plant genomes possess hundreds of r gene homologs encoding nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (nb-lrr) proteins. nb-lrr proteins induce a disease resistance response following recognition of pathogen-encoded avirulence (avr) proteins. however, little is known about the general mechanisms by which nb-lrr proteins recognize avr proteins or how they subsequently induce defense respon ... | 2007 | 17655649 |
| high-frequency reversion of geminivirus replication protein mutants during infection. | the geminivirus replication protein al1 interacts with retinoblastoma-related protein (rbr), a key regulator of the plant division cell cycle, to induce conditions permissive for viral dna replication. previous studies of tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) al1 showed that amino acid l148 in the conserved helix 4 motif is critical for rbr binding. in this work, we examined the effect of an l148v mutation on tgmv replication in tobacco cells and during infection of nicotiana benthamiana plants. the ... | 2007 | 17670823 |
| expression of the arabidopsis xrn4p 5'-3' exoribonuclease facilitates degradation of tombusvirus rna and promotes rapid emergence of viral variants in plants. | rapid rna virus evolution is a major problem due to the devastating diseases caused by human, animal and plant-pathogenic rna viruses. a previous genome-wide screen for host factors affecting recombination in tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus (tbsv), a small monopartite plant virus, identified xrn1p 5'-3' exoribonuclease of yeast, a model host, whose absence led to increased appearance of recombinants [serviene, e., shapka, n., cheng, c.p., panavas, t., phuangrat, b., baker, j., nagy, p.d., (2005). ... | 2007 | 17688902 |
| effectiveness and stability of heterologous proteins expressed in plants by turnip mosaic virus vector at five different insertion sites. | the n-terminal (nt) regions of particular protein-coding sequences are generally used for in-frame insertion of heterologous open reading frames (orfs) in potyviral vectors for protein expression in plants. an infectious cdna clone of turnip mosaic virus (tumv) isolate yc5 was engineered at the generally used nt regions of hc-pro and cp, and other possibly permissive sites to investigate their effectiveness to express the gfp (jellyfish green fluorescent protein) and der p 5 (allergen from the d ... | 2007 | 17689817 |
| assessing the expression of chicken anemia virus proteins in plants. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is an important pathogen of chicken worldwide, causing severe anemia and immunodeficiency. its small single-stranded dna genome (2.3kb) encodes three proteins: vp1, the only structural protein, vp2, a protein phosphatase, and vp3, also known as apoptin, which induces apoptosis. in this study, cav proteins were expressed in plants as an alternative for recombinant protein production in animal cells. additionally, the effect of vp3 expression was tested to evaluate possi ... | 2007 | 17698236 |
| mature monomeric forms of hop stunt viroid resist rna silencing in transgenic plants. | viroids, small non-coding pathogenic rnas, are able to induce rna silencing, a phenomenon that has been associated with the pathogenesis and evolution of these small rnas. it has been recently suggested that viroids may resist this plant defense mechanism. however, the simultaneous degradation of non-replicating full-length viroid rna, and the resistance of mature forms of viroids to rna silencing, have not been experimentally demonstrated. transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing a di ... | 2007 | 17711417 |
| pseudomonas syringae type iii effector avrptob is phosphorylated in plant cells on serine 258, promoting its virulence activity. | the pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato protein avrptob is translocated into plant cells via the bacterial type iii secretion system. in resistant tomato leaves, avrptob acts as an avirulence protein by interacting with the host pto kinase and eliciting the host immune response. pto-mediated immunity requires prf, a pto-interacting protein with a putative nucleotide-binding site and a region of leucine-rich repeats. in susceptible tomato plants, which lack either pto or prf, avrptob acts as a virule ... | 2007 | 17711844 |
| expression of animal ced-9 anti-apoptotic gene in tobacco modifies plasma membrane ion fluxes in response to salinity and oxidative stress. | apoptosis, one form of programmed cell death (pcd), plays an important role in mediating plant adaptive responses to the environment. recent studies suggest that expression of animal anti-apoptotic genes in transgenic plants may significantly improve a plant's ability to tolerate a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. the underlying cellular mechanisms of this process remain unexplored. in this study, we investigated specific ion flux "signatures" in nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently e ... | 2007 | 17712568 |
| a novel nuclear protein interacts with the symbiotic dmi3 calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase of medicago truncatula. | many higher plants establish symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi that improve their ability to acquire nutrients from the soil. in addition to establishing am symbiosis, legumes also enter into a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with bacteria known as rhizobia that results in the formation of root nodules. several genes involved in the perception and transduction of bacterial symbiotic signals named "nod factors" have been cloned recently in model legumes through forward gene ... | 2007 | 17722695 |
| comparative expression profiling of nicotiana benthamiana leaves systemically infected with three fruit tree viruses. | plant viruses cause a wide array of disease symptoms and cytopathic effects. although some of these changes are virus specific, many appear to be common even among diverse viruses. currently, little is known about the underlying molecular determinants. to identify gene expression changes that are concomitant with virus symptoms, we performed comparative expression profiling experiments on nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected with one of three different fruit tree viruses that produce distinct s ... | 2007 | 17722703 |
| recovery of nicotiana benthamiana plants from a necrotic response induced by a nepovirus is associated with rna silencing but not with reduced virus titer. | recovery of plants from virus-induced symptoms is often described as a consequence of rna silencing, an antiviral defense mechanism. for example, recovery of nicotiana clevelandii from a nepovirus (tomato black ring virus) is associated with a decreased viral rna concentration and sequence-specific resistance to further virus infection. in this study, we have characterized the interaction of another nepovirus, tomato ringspot virus (torsv), with host defense responses during symptom induction an ... | 2007 | 17728227 |
| infection, propagation, distribution and stability of plant virus in hairy root cultures. | nicotiana benthamiana hairy root cultures were infected with tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and used for in vitro plant virus propagation. the roots were infected with tmv by addition of virus to the medium at the same time as root inoculation. viral accumulation in the biomass was 7-11-fold greater when the initial infection was carried out in b5 medium rather than sodium phosphate buffer; virus accumulation also increased with increasing viral inoculum concentration. the amount of tmv accumulated ... | 2007 | 17767969 |
| ap2-erf transcription factors mediate nod factor dependent mt enod11 activation in root hairs via a novel cis-regulatory motif. | rhizobium nod factors (nfs) are specific lipochitooligosaccharides that activate host legume signaling pathways essential for initiating the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic association. this study describes the characterization of cis-regulatory elements and trans-interacting factors that regulate nf-dependent and epidermis-specific gene transcription in medicago truncatula. detailed analysis of the mt enod11 promoter using deletion, mutation, and gain-of-function constructs has led to the identificat ... | 2007 | 17827349 |
| a chimeric plum pox virus shows reduced spread and cannot compete with its parental wild-type viruses in a mixed infection. | the effect of a recombination event in the genomic 3' end on the biological properties and competitiveness of plum pox virus (ppv) was investigated. therefore, a fragment spanning the coat protein (cp) coding region and a part of the 3' non-translated region of a non-aphid-transmissible strain of ppv (ppv-nat) was replaced by the corresponding region of a ppv sour cherry isolate (ppv-soc). the resulting chimera (ppv-nat/soc) caused severe symptoms in nicotiana benthamiana, resembling those of pp ... | 2007 | 17872539 |
| a cucumber mosaic virus mutant lacking the 2b counter-defence protein gene provides protection against wild-type strains. | several plant virus mutants, in which genes encoding silencing suppressor proteins have been deleted, are known to induce systemic or localized rna silencing against themselves and other rna molecules containing homologous sequences. thus, it is thought that many cases of cross-protection, in which infection with a mild or asymptomatic virus mutant protects plants against challenge infection with closely related virulent viruses, can be explained by rna silencing. we found that a cucumber mosaic ... | 2007 | 17872541 |
| the chimeric cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel atcngc11/12 constitutively induces programmed cell death in a ca2+ dependent manner. | the hypersensitive response (hr) involves programmed cell death (pcd) in response to pathogen infection. to investigate the pathogen resistance signaling pathway, we previously identified the arabidopsis mutant cpr22, which displays constitutive activation of multiple defense responses including hr like cell death. the cpr22 mutation has been identified as a 3 kb deletion that fuses two cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (cngc)-encoding genes, atcngc11 and atcngc12, to generate a novel chimeric ... | 2007 | 17885810 |
| virp1 is a host protein with a major role in potato spindle tuber viroid infection in nicotiana plants. | viroids are small, circular, single-stranded rna molecules that, while not coding for any protein, cause several plant diseases. viroids rely for their infectious cycle on host proteins, most of which are likely to be involved in endogenous rna-mediated phenomena. therefore, characterization of host factors interacting with the viroid may contribute to the elucidation of rna-related pathways of the hosts. potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd) infects several members of the solanaceae family. in an ... | 2007 | 17898061 |
| engineering and expression of the intracellular domain of insulinoma-associated tyrosine phosphatase (ia-2ic), a type 1 diabetes autoantigen, in plants. | we have produced the recombinant intracellular domain of human ia-2 (ia-2ic), a diabetes-associated autoantigen, in plants. this was achieved by transient expression using agroinfiltration of nicotiana benthamiana plants. the resulting plant-derived ia-2ic had the expected size, reacted with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific to human ia-2ic and competitively inhibited radiolabeled ia-2ic in an immunoprecipitation assay. the expression level of recombinant ia-2ic was estimated to be 0 ... | 2007 | 17103024 |
| silencing of chaperonin 21, that was differentially expressed in inflorescence of seedless and seeded grapes, promoted seed abortion in tobacco and tomato fruits. | vitis vinifera l. cv. 'thompson seedless' presents a type of stenospermocarpy in grape where fertilization occurs but seeds abort and fail to develop. to unravel the molecular basis for stenospermocarpy in grapes, subtractive hybridization was carried out in order to isolate differentially regulated genes that participate in the seedlessness machinery. two 'thompson' lines, a seeded and a seedless, were screened during different flower developmental stages. one of the genes, that was differentia ... | 2007 | 17103240 |
| production of sirna targeted against tylcv coat protein transcripts leads to silencing of its expression and resistance to the virus. | the coat protein (cp) of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), encoded by the v1 gene, is the only known component of the viral capsid. in addition, the cp plays a role in the virus transport into the host cell nucleus where viral genes are replicated and transcribed. in this study, we analyzed the effect of small interfering double-stranded rnas (sirnas), derived from an intron-hairpin rna (ihprna) construct and targeting the v1 gene product, on cp accumulation. transient assays involving agro ... | 2007 | 17103242 |
| deletion and recombination events between the dna-a and dna-b components of indian cassava-infecting geminiviruses generate defective molecules in nicotiana benthamiana. | cloned dna-b components, belonging to the bipartite begomoviruses indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv), family geminiviridae, when co-inoculated along with previously cloned dna-a components of the respective viruses onto the experimental host nicotiana benthamiana, generated defective dnas (def-dna) ranging in size from 549 to 1555 nucleotides. all the cloned def-dnas contained the common region (cr) as well as portions of either dna-a or dna-b and, in ... | 2007 | 17109983 |
| in planta akt2 subunits constitute a ph- and ca2+-sensitive inward rectifying k+ channel. | heterologous expression of plant genes in yeast and animal cells represents a common approach to study plant ion channels. when expressed in xenopus oocytes and cos cells the arabidopsis shaker-like k+ channel, akt2 forms a weakly voltage-dependent channel, blocked by ca2+ and protons. channels with these characteristics, however, were not found in akt2-expressing arabidopsis cell types. to understand this phenomenon, we employed agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation to functionally ch ... | 2007 | 17146665 |
| visualization of the interaction between the precursors of vpg, the viral protein linked to the genome of turnip mosaic virus, and the translation eukaryotic initiation factor iso 4e in planta. | the rna genome of turnip mosaic virus is covalently linked at its 5' end to a viral protein known as vpg. this protein binds to the translation eukaryotic initiation factor iso 4e [eif(iso)4e]. this interaction has been shown to be important for virus infection, although its exact biological function(s) has not been elucidated. in this study, we investigated the subcellular site of the vpg-eif(iso)4e interaction using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc). as a first step, eif(iso)4e, ... | 2007 | 17079311 |
| expression of bacterial biphenyl-chlorobiphenyl dioxygenase genes in tobacco plants. | optimized plant-microbe bioremediation processes in which the plant initiates the metabolism of xenobiotics and releases the metabolites in the rhizosphere to be further degraded by the rhizobacteria is a promising alternative to restore contaminated sites in situ. however, such processes require that plants produce the metabolites that bacteria can readily oxidize. the biphenyl dioxygenase is the first enzyme of the bacterial catabolic pathway involved in the degradation of polychlorinated biph ... | 2007 | 17006888 |
| cocksfoot mottle virus p1 suppresses rna silencing in nicotiana benthamiana and nicotiana tabacum. | the sobemovirus genome consists of positive sense, single-stranded polycistronic rna. the 5'-terminal orf, encoding the protein p1, is its most variable region. sobemoviral p1 has been described as dispensable for replication but indispensable for systemic infection. the p1 of rice yellow mottle virus-nigerian isolate (rymv-n) is the only rna silencing suppressor reported for sobemoviruses until now. using an agrobacterium-mediated transient assay, we demonstrate here that p1 of cocksfoot mottle ... | 2007 | 16971015 |
| comparison of several nicotiana species as hosts for high-scale agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. | agrobacterium-mediated transient expression may be regarded as a promising method for inexpensive large-scale production of recombinant proteins. we optimized the protocol of transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana and compared six australian species of nicotiana as hosts for transient expression. the transient expression of gfp under 35s camv promoter was observed in all species tested, although the gfp content in leaves of n. benthamiana, n. exigua, and n. excelsior was significantly hig ... | 2007 | 16983697 |
| in vivo packaging of brome mosaic virus rna3, but not rnas 1 and 2, is dependent on a cis-acting 3' trna-like structure. | the four encapsidated rnas of brome mosaic virus (bmv; b1, b2, b3, and b4) contain a highly conserved 3' 200-nucleotide (nt) region encompassing the trna-like structure (tls) which is required for packaging in vitro (y. g. choi, t. w. dreher, and a. l. n. rao, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 99:655-660, 2002). to validate these observations in vivo, we performed packaging assays using agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of rnas and coat protein (cp) (p. annamalai and a. l. n. rao, virology 33 ... | 2007 | 17005656 |
| interaction network of proteins associated with abiotic stress response and development in wheat. | wheat is the most widely adapted crop to abiotic stresses and considered an excellent system to study stress tolerance in spite of its genetic complexity. recent studies indicated that several hundred genes are either up- or down-regulated in response to stress treatment. to elucidate the function of some of these genes, an interactome of proteins associated with abiotic stress response and development in wheat was generated using the yeast two-hybrid gal4 system and specific protein interaction ... | 2007 | 17211514 |
| accumulation of viroid-specific small rnas and increase in nucleolytic activities linked to viroid-caused pathogenesis. | strong viroid-caused pathogenesis was achieved in tomato cv. rutgers by biolistic transfer of severe or lethal potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd) strains, while other tomato genotypes (e.g., moneymaker) were tolerant. with reciprocal hybrids between sensitive and tolerant genotypes, we show that plant depression dominates over tolerance. biolistic transfer of the most pathogenic pstvd strain as1 to nicotiana benthamiana, which is considered to be a symptomless pstvd host, led to a strong pathog ... | 2007 | 17214544 |
| genetic stability of recombinant potato virus x virus vectors presenting foreign epitopes. | we investigated the genetic stability of recombinant potato virus x vectors presenting beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) epitopes. following n-terminal pvx coat protein (cp) fusion of the bnyvv epitopes, we inoculated nicotiana benthamiana plants with recombinant (r)pvx and carried out five serial passages through systemically-infected plants. rt-pcr investigation of the bnyvv epitope sequences revealed the accumulation of several point mutations and deletions, predominantly affecting posi ... | 2007 | 17216135 |
| silencing of nbbtf3 results in developmental defects and disturbed gene expression in chloroplasts and mitochondria of higher plants. | btf3 (betanac) was originally isolated as a general transcription factor required for rna polymerase ii-dependent transcription, and later found to be a beta-subunit of nascent-polypeptide-associated complex that has been implicated in regulating protein localization during translation. in this study, virus-induced gene silencing of nbbtf3 encoding a nicotiana benthamiana homolog of human btf3 caused leaf yellowing and abnormal leaf morphology without altering the overall growth of the plant. th ... | 2007 | 17216232 |
| stability of potato virus x expression vectors is related to insert size: implications for replication models and risk assessment. | we investigated the stability of expression constructs based on potato virus x (pvx) as a function of insert length. five different inserts ranging in length from 261 to 1,758 bp (human proinsulin, murine interleukin-10, hiv-1 nef, petunia expansin-1 and human gad65) were expressed using a pvx vector in nicotiana benthamiana plants for three sequential passages. using a competitive rt-pcr approach we demonstrated that insert-deletion could occur in the first infection cycle for all inserts, but ... | 2007 | 17216546 |
| early events in the pathogenicity of pseudomonas syringae on nicotiana benthamiana. | conserved microbial molecules known as pamps (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) elicit defence responses in plants through extracellular receptor proteins. one important pamp is the flagellin protein derived from motile bacteria. we show here that the solanaceous species nicotiana benthamiana perceives the flagellin proteins of both pathogenic and non-host species of pseudomonas syringae. the response to flagellin required a gene closely related to that encoding the arabidopsis thaliana fl ... | 2007 | 17217460 |
| molecular and functional analysis of phosphomannomutase (pmm) from higher plants and genetic evidence for the involvement of pmm in ascorbic acid biosynthesis in arabidopsis and nicotiana benthamiana. | phosphomannomutase (pmm) catalyzes the interconversion of mannose-6-phosphate and mannose-1-phosphate. however, systematic molecular and functional investigations on pmm from higher plants have hitherto not been reported. in this work, pmm cdnas were isolated from arabidopsis, nicotiana benthamiana, soybean, tomato, rice and wheat. amino acid sequence comparisons indicated that plant pmm proteins exhibited significant identity to their fungal and mammalian orthologs. in line with the similarity ... | 2007 | 17217471 |
| application of phi29 dna polymerase in identification and full-length clone inoculation of tomato yellow leaf curl thailand virus and tobacco leaf curl thailand virus. | tomato plants grown in greenhouses in thailand developed typical symptoms of a tomato yellow leaf curl thailand virus (tylcthv) infection. after confirmation by elisa, a phi29 dna polymerase approach was chosen for further molecular analysis of tylcthv. total dna purified from infected tomato leaves was subjected to rolling-circle amplification (rca) of dna-a and dna-b of tylcvthv. in addition, a new monopartite geminivirus with a putative recombinant background was identified by rca and tentati ... | 2007 | 17226067 |
| rnai-associated ssrna-specific ribonucleases in tombusvirus p19 mutant-infected plants and evidence for a discrete sirna-containing effector complex. | tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) and other tombusviruses encode a p19 protein (p19), which is a suppressor of rnai. wild-type tbsv or p19-defective mutants initially show a similar infection course in nicotiana benthamiana, but the absence of an active p19 results in viral rna degradation followed by recovery from infection. p19 homodimers sequester 21-nt virus-derived duplex sirnas, and it is thought that this prevents the programming of an antiviral rna-induced silencing complex to avoid viral ... | 2007 | 17244709 |
| identification and characterization of plant genes involved in agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation by virus-induced gene silencing. | genetic transformation of plant cells by agrobacterium tumefaciens represents a unique case of trans-kingdom sex requiring the involvement of both bacterial virulence proteins and plant-encoded proteins. we have developed in planta and leaf-disk assays in nicotiana benthamiana for identifying plant genes involved in agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation using virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) as a genomics tool. vigs was used to validate the role of several genes that are either known or ... | 2007 | 17249421 |
| a plasmodesmata-associated beta-1,3-glucanase in arabidopsis. | plasmodesmal conductivity is regulated in part by callose turnover, which is hypothesized to be determined by beta-1,3-glucan synthase versus glucanase activities. a proteomic analysis of an arabidopsis thaliana plasmodesmata (pd)-rich fraction identified a beta-1,3-glucanase as present in this fraction. the protein encoded by the putative plasmodesmal associated protein (ppap) gene, termed atbg_ppap, had previously been found to be a post-translationally modified glycosylphosphatidylinositol (g ... | 2007 | 17270015 |
| a wheat (triticum aestivum) protein phosphatase 2a catalytic subunit gene provides enhanced drought tolerance in tobacco. | multiple copies of genes encoding the catalytic subunit (c) of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) are commonly found in plants. for some of these genes, expression is up-regulated under water stress. the aim of this study was to investigate expression and characterization of tapp2ac-1 from triticum aestivum, and to evaluate the effects of tapp2ac-1 on nicotiana benthamiana in response to water stress. | 2007 | 17272305 |
| indirect activation of a plant nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat protein by a bacterial protease. | nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (nbs-lrr) proteins mediate pathogen recognition in both mammals and plants. the molecular mechanisms by which pathogen molecules activate nbs-lrr proteins are poorly understood. here we show that rps5, a nbs-lrr protein from arabidopsis, is activated by avrpphb, a bacterial protease, via an indirect mechanism. when transiently expressed in nicotiana benthamiana leaves, full-length rps5 protein triggered programmed cell death, but only when coexpressed ... | 2007 | 17277084 |
| geminivirus pathogenicity protein c4 interacts with arabidopsis thaliana shaggy-related protein kinase atsketa, a component of the brassinosteroid signalling pathway. | beet curly top virus (bctv) c4 interacted with two members of the shaggy-related protein kinase family (atsketa and atskzeta) and a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (lrr-rlk) in a yeast two-hybrid assay. tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) ac4 also bound with similar efficiency to atsketa and atskzeta but was unable to interact with the lrr-rlk. bctv c4 interaction with atsketa was confirmed using an in vitro binding assay. the protein kinases were capable of autophosphorylation i ... | 2007 | 17280695 |
| anti-cancer activity of plant-produced hpv16 e7 vaccine. | the e7 oncoprotein from human papilloma virus (hpv) is an attractive candidate for anti-cancer vaccine development. in this study, we engineered hpv16 e7 coding sequence (wild type or mutagenized sequence, e7ggg) as fusions to beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase (lickm) of clostridium thermocellum and produced in nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. target antigens were purified and evaluated in mice for their potential as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine candidates. both fus ... | 2007 | 17280752 |
| immunogenicity of a subunit vaccine against bacillus anthracis. | the current approved vaccine against anthrax is based on protective antigen (pa) of bacillus anthracis, requires six injections over an 18-month period and has a known history of side effects. therefore, there is significant effort towards developing an improved vaccine against b. anthracis. here we separately engineered and expressed domain 4 of pa (pad4) and domain 1 of lethal factor (lfd1) as fusions to lichenase (lickm), a thermostable enzyme from clostridium thermocellum, and transiently ex ... | 2007 | 17280756 |
| a plant-produced plague vaccine candidate confers protection to monkeys. | production of vaccine antigens in plants has received considerable attention over the last decade. however, despite many antigens being expressed in plant systems, and promising efficacy data with rodent models, few vaccine candidates have advanced into studies in non-human primates or human clinical trials. here, we report on the transient expression of the f1 and lcrv antigens of yersinia pestis in nicotiana benthamiana. the antigens were expressed as fusions to the thermostable enzyme of clos ... | 2007 | 17287055 |
| improved expression of recombinant gfp using a replicating vector based on beet curly top virus in leaf-disks and infiltrated nicotiana benthamiana leaves. | recombinant green fluorescent protein (gfp) with a molecular mass of 29 kda was transiently expressed in agrobacterium-inoculated leaf-disks prepared from nicotiana benthamiana plants. expression of gfp from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35 s promoter within a replicating vector based on the geminivirus beet curly top virus (bctv) was more than 3 times higher than from a control, non-replicating vector. use of the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) promoter in the bctv replicating vector in ... | 2007 | 17294255 |
| aconitase plays a role in regulating resistance to oxidative stress and cell death in arabidopsis and nicotiana benthamiana. | in animals, aconitase is a bifunctional protein. when an iron-sulfur cluster is present in its catalytic center, aconitase displays enzymatic activity; when this cluster is lost, it switches to an rna-binding protein that regulates the translatability or stability of certain transcripts. to investigate the role of aconitase in plants, we assessed its ability to bind mrna. recombinant aconitase failed to bind an iron responsive element (ire) from the human ferritin gene. however, it bound the 5' ... | 2007 | 17013749 |
| antagonistic control of powdery mildew host cell entry by barley calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks). | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are known to play pivotal roles in intracellular signaling during abiotic and biotic stress responses. to unravel potential functions of cdpks in the course of barley (hordeum vulgare)-powdery mildew (blumeria graminis) interactions, we systematically analyzed the hvcdpk gene family. we found that, according to the existence of respective expressed sequence tags, at least nine paralogs are expressed in the barley leaf epidermis, the sole target tissue of ... | 2007 | 17918623 |
| new type iii effectors from xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria trigger plant reactions dependent on a conserved n-myristoylation motif. | pathogenicity of the gram-negative plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria depends on a type iii secretion system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into the plant cell. in this study, we identified two novel type iii effectors, xope1 and xope2 (xanthomonas outer proteins), using the avrbs3 effector domain as reporter. xope1 and xope2 belong to the hopx family and possess a conserved putative n-myristoylation motif that is also present in the effector xopj from x. camp ... | 2007 | 17918627 |
| analysis of transitive rna silencing after grafting in transgenic plants with the coat protein gene of sweet potato feathery mottle virus. | we have previously reported the graft transmission of target specificity for rna silencing using transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing the coat protein gene (cp, including the 3' non-translated region) of sweet potato feathery mottle virus. transgenic plants carrying the 5' 200 and 400 bp regions of cp were newly produced. from these plants, two silenced and two non-silenced lines were selected to investigate the manifestation of transitive rna silencing by graft experiments. non-si ... | 2007 | 17160454 |
| the rna2 5' leader of blackcurrant reversion virus mediates efficient in vivo translation through an internal ribosomal entry site mechanism. | the 5' and 3' non-translated regions (ntrs) of mrnas of eukaryotes and their viruses often contain translational enhancers, including internal ribosomal entry sites (iress) comprised in the 5' leaders of many uncapped viral mrnas. blackcurrant reversion virus (brv) has a genome composed of two uncapped, polyadenylated rnas with relatively short 5' ntrs, almost devoid of secondary structure. in this work, a role of the rna2 5' ntr in translation was studied by using mono- and dicistronic photinus ... | 2007 | 17170462 |
| apple chlorotic leaf spot virus 50 kda movement protein acts as a suppressor of systemic silencing without interfering with local silencing in nicotiana benthamiana. | apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) is the type species of the genus trichovirus and its single-stranded, plus-sense rna genome encodes a 216 kda protein (p216) involved in replication, a 50 kda movement protein (p50) and a 21 kda coat protein (cp). in this study, it was investigated whether these proteins might have rna silencing-suppressor activities by agrobacterium-mediated transient assay in the green fluorescent protein-expressing nicotiana benthamiana line 16c. the results indicated t ... | 2007 | 17170464 |
| the pclean dual binary vector system for agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. | the development of novel transformation vectors is essential to the improvement of plant transformation technologies. here, we report the construction and testing of a new multifunctional dual binary vector system, pclean, for agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. the pclean vectors are based on the widely used pgreen/psoup system and the pclean-g/pclean-s plasmids are fully compatible with the existing pgreen/psoup vectors. a single agrobacterium can harbor (1) pclean-g and psoup, (2) pg ... | 2007 | 17932303 |
| a ligation-independent cloning tobacco rattle virus vector for high-throughput virus-induced gene silencing identifies roles for nbmads4-1 and -2 in floral development. | virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is a widely used, powerful technique for reverse genetics. vigs vectors derived from the tobacco rattle virus (trv) are among the most popular for vigs. we have developed a trv rna2 vector that allows the insertion of gene silencing fragments by ligation-independent cloning (lic). this new vector has several advantages over previous vectors, particularly for applications involving the analysis of large numbers of sequences, since trv-lic vectors containing the ... | 2007 | 17932306 |
| alternative splicing and mrna levels of the disease resistance gene rps4 are induced during defense responses. | the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) disease resistance protein resistance to pseudomonas syringae4 (rps4) activates defenses in response to bacterial pathogens expressing avrrps4 in a gene-for-gene specific manner. the rps4 gene produces multiple transcripts via alternative splicing of two regular introns flanking exon 3 and a cryptic intron within exon 3. we showed previously that rps4-mediated resistance requires the combined presence of transcripts encoding both full-length and truncated o ... | 2007 | 17951452 |
| induction of a small heat shock protein and its functional roles in nicotiana plants in the defense response against ralstonia solanacearum. | in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), ralstonia solanacearum oe1-1 (rsoe1-1) is pathogenic, whereas r. solanacearum 8107 (rs8107) is nonpathogenic and induces the hypersensitive response (hr). to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of plant-r. solanacearum interactions, we used differential display to isolate a cdna fragment, a6, regulated in tobacco by inoculation with rsoe1-1. the deduced amino acid sequence predicted from full-length a6-cdna showed similarity to small heat shock proteins from arabid ... | 2007 | 17965181 |
| high-level transient production of a heterologous protein in plants by optimizing induction of a chemically inducible viral amplicon expression system. | we have demonstrated that the method of chemical induction using a chemically inducible viral amplicon expression system can be optimized to increase expression of a heterologous protein in plants. a cucumber mosaic virus inducible viral amplicon (cmviva) expression system was used to transiently produce a recombinant human blood protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin (aat), by co-infiltrating intact and detached nicotiana benthamiana leaves with two agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, one containing the c ... | 2007 | 17994759 |
| a systematic study to determine the extent of gene silencing in nicotiana benthamiana and other solanaceae species when heterologous gene sequences are used for virus-induced gene silencing. | virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is a rapid and robust method for determining and studying the function of plant genes or expressed sequence tags (ests). however, only a few plant species are amenable to vigs. there is a need for a systematic study to identify vigs-efficient plant species and to determine the extent of homology required between the heterologous genes and their endogenous orthologs for silencing. two approaches were used. first, the extent of phytoene desaturase (pds) gene sil ... | 2007 | 17997764 |
| the arabidopsis vacuolar malate channel is a member of the almt family. | in plants, malate is a central metabolite and fulfills a large number of functions. vacuolar malate may reach very high concentrations and fluctuate rapidly, whereas cytosolic malate is kept at a constant level allowing optimal metabolism. recently, a vacuolar malate transporter (arabidopsis thaliana tonoplast dicarboxylate transporter, attdt) was identified that did not correspond to the well-characterized vacuolar malate channel. we therefore hypothesized that a member of the aluminum-activate ... | 2007 | 18005230 |
| genomic resources for myzus persicae: est sequencing, snp identification, and microarray design. | the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), is a world-wide insect pest capable of infesting more than 40 plant families, including many crop species. however, despite the significant damage inflicted by m. persicae in agricultural systems through direct feeding damage and by its ability to transmit plant viruses, limited genomic information is available for this species. | 2007 | 18021414 |
| interaction between sgt1 and cytosolic/nuclear hsc70 chaperones regulates arabidopsis immune responses. | the conserved eukaryotic protein sgt1 (for suppressor of g2 allele of skp1) has characteristics of an hsp90 (for heat shock protein 90 kd) cochaperone and in plants regulates hormone responses and resistance gene-triggered immunity. we affinity-purified sgt1-interacting proteins from arabidopsis thaliana leaf extracts and identified by mass spectrometry cytosolic heat shock cognate 70 (hsc70) chaperones as the major stable sgt1 interactors. arabidopsis sgt1a and sgt1b proteins associate with hsc ... | 2007 | 18065690 |
| regulation of rice nadph oxidase by binding of rac gtpase to its n-terminal extension. | reactive oxygen species (ros) produced by nadph oxidase play critical roles in various cellular activities, including plant innate immunity response. in contrast with the large multiprotein nadph oxidase complex of phagocytes, in plants, only the homologs of the catalytic subunit gp91phox and the cytosolic regulator small gtpase rac are found. plant homologs of the gp91phox subunit are known as rboh (for respiratory burst oxidase homolog). although numerous rboh have been isolated in plants, the ... | 2007 | 18156215 |
| zucchini yellow mosaic virus: insect transmission and pathogenicity -the tails of two proteins. | summary taxonomy: zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv) is a member of genus potyvirus, family potyviridae. zymv is a positive-strand rna virus. physical properties: virions are flexuous filaments of 680-730 nm in length and 11-13 nm in diameter, composed of about 2000 subunits of a single 31-kda protein (calculated). the genome rna size is 9.6 kb covalently linked to a viral-encoded protein (the vpg) at the 5' end, and with a 3' poly a tail. the 5' end of the sequence is au-rich (69%). viral prot ... | 2007 | 20507486 |
| characterization of a novel toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir)-tir gene differentially expressed in common bean (phaseolus vulgaris cv. othello) undergoing a defence response to the geminivirus bean dwarf mosaic virus. | summary common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) cultivar (cv.) othello develops a hypersensitive response-associated vascular resistance to infection by bean dwarf mosaic virus (bdmv), a single-stranded dna virus (genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae). a pcr-based cdna subtraction approach was used to identify genes involved in this resistance response. eighteen clones, potentially involved with bdmv resistance, were identified based upon being up-regulated in bdmv-infected tissues and/or having ... | 2007 | 20507487 |
| functional analysis of nlp genes from botrytis elliptica. | summary we functionally analysed two nep1-like protein (nlp) genes from botrytis elliptica (a specialized pathogen of lily), encoding proteins homologous to the necrosis and ethylene-inducing protein (nep1) from fusarium oxysporum. single gene replacement mutants were made for benep1 and benep2, providing the first example of transformation and successful targeted mutagenesis in this fungus. the virulence of both mutants on lily leaves was not affected. benep1 and benep2 were individually expres ... | 2007 | 20507492 |
| dspa/e, a type iii effector of erwinia amylovora, is required for early rapid growth in nicotiana benthamiana and causes nbsgt1-dependent cell death. | summary dspa/e is a pathogenicity factor of erwinia amylovora that is translocated into the plant cell cytoplasm through an hrp type iii secretion system. transient expression of dspa/e in nicotiana benthamiana or yeast induced cell death, as it does in n. tabacum and apple as described previously. dspa/e-induced cell death in n. benthamiana was not inhibited by coexpression of avrptob of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, which inhibits programmed cell death (pcd) induced by several other elicito ... | 2007 | 20507497 |
| structural and functional characterization of a novel, host penetration-related pectate lyase from the potato cyst nematode globodera rostochiensis. | summary the cell wall, a strong extraprotoplasmic layer surrounding plant cells that mainly consists of a variety of polysaccharides, constitutes a major barrier for potential parasites. plant-parasitic nematodes are well equipped to overcome this barrier as they produce and secrete cell-wall-degrading enzymes. expression profiling of various life stages of the potato cyst nematode globodera rostochiensis revealed a novel pectate lyase gene (gr-pel2, 759 bp). the gr-pel2 protein showed highest s ... | 2007 | 20507500 |
| suppression of cdc27b expression induces plant defence responses. | summary: non-host resistance is the most general form of disease resistance in plants because it is effective against most phytopathogens. the importance of hypersensitive responses (hrs) in non-host resistance of nicotiana species to the oomycete phytophthora is clear. inf1 elicitin, an elicitor obtained from the late-blight pathogen phytophthora infestans, is sufficient to induce a typical hr in nicotiana species. the molecular mechanisms that underlie the non-host resistance component of plan ... | 2007 | 20507506 |
| a novel mapkk involved in cell death and defense signaling. | a high-throughput in planta overexpression screen of a nicotiana benthamiana cdna library identified a mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (mapkk), nbmkk1, as a potent inducer of hypersensitive response (hr)-like cell death. nbmkk1-mediated cell death was attenuated in plants whereby expression of nbsipk, an ortholog of tobacco sipk and arabidopsis atmpk6, was knocked down by virus-induced gene silencing (vigs), suggesting that nbmkk1 functions upstream of nbsipk. in accordance with this res ... | 2007 | 19704612 |
| analysis of the spatial distribution of identical and two distinct virus populations differently labeled with cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins in coinfected plants. | abstract apple latent spherical virus (alsv) expressing yellow and cyan fluorescent proteins (alsv-yfp and alsv-cfp) was used to investigate the distribution of identical virus populations in coinfected plants. in chenopodium quinoa plants inoculated with a mixture of alsv-yfp and alsv-cfp, fluorescence from yfp and cfp was always distributed separately in both inoculated and upper uninoculated leaves. inoculation of each alsv-yfp and alsv-cfp to different leaves of a c. quinoa plant resulted in ... | 2007 | 18943677 |
| characterization of a u.s. isolate of beet black scorch virus. | abstract the first reported u.s. isolate of beet black scorch necrovirus (bbsv) was obtained and characterized. host range of the virus for localized and occasionally systemic infection included the chenopodiaceae and tetragonia expansa; nicotiana benthamiana supported symptomless systemic infection by the virus. the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of the virus, designated bbsv-co, exhibits 93% similarity to the genome of the 'ningxia' isolate of bbsv from china. amino acid seque ... | 2007 | 18943682 |
| molecular and biological characterization of tomato chlorotic mottle virus suggests that recombination underlies the evolution and diversity of brazilian tomato begomoviruses. | abstract tomato chlorotic mottle virus (tocmov) is an emerging begomovirus species widely distributed throughout tomato-growing regions of brazil. tocmov appears to have expanded its geographic range recently, invading tomato-growing areas that were free of begomovirus infection before 2004. we have determined the first complete genome sequence of an infectious tocmov genome (isolate ba-se1), which is the first begomovirus species isolated in the northeast of brazil. when introduced by particle ... | 2007 | 18943601 |
| adaptation of the "in-gel release method" to n-glycome analysis of low-milligram amounts of material. | protein n-glycosylation is a post-translational modification which plays numerous crucial physiological roles. the n-glycan pattern varies depending on the species organs, tissues and even cell types and their respective physiological states. obtaining enough starting material from a particular cell type or tissue for n-glycan purification by conventional methods can, in certain cases, be very difficult. previously, a sensitive technique, the "in-gel release method" that allows the determination ... | 2007 | 18041037 |
| biological activity of transcripts from cdna of pelargonium line pattern virus. | a set of cdnas of pelargonium line pattern virus (plpv) was assembled under the control of t7 rna polymerase promoter and ligated into the plasmid puc18. transcripts synthesized in vitro from cdna were infectious on chenopodium quinoa according to locally induced lesions and hybridization assay. the biological activity of the viral transcripts was particularly sensitive to the short 3' terminus extensions, whereas inclusion of the 3 extra bases at the 5' terminus did not substantially affect the ... | 2007 | 18197735 |
| the activity and isoforms of nadp-malic enzyme in nicotiana benthamiana plants under biotic stress. | the activity and presence of isoforms of nadp-dependent malic enzyme (nadp-me, ec 1.1.1.40) were studied in non-transgenic and transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants containing potyviral gene for helper component protease (hc-pro) and in plants infected by potato virus y strain ntn (pvy(ntn)). no significant changes in enzyme activities and isoenzyme pattern were observed due to foreign gene introduction and pvy(ntn) infection. however, the activity and isoenzyme composition of nadp-me measured ... | 2007 | 18281746 |
| the receptor-like kinase serk3/bak1 is a central regulator of innate immunity in plants. | in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp)-triggered immunity (pti), plant cell surface receptors sense potential microbial pathogens by recognizing elicitors called pamps. although diverse pamps trigger pti through distinct receptors, the resulting intracellular responses overlap extensively. despite this, a common component(s) linking signal perception with transduction remains unknown. in this study, we identify somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (serk)3/brassinosteroid-associated kin ... | 2007 | 17626179 |
| calcium-dependent protein kinases regulate the production of reactive oxygen species by potato nadph oxidase. | reactive oxygen species (ros) are implicated in plant innate immunity. nadph oxidase (rboh; for respiratory burst oxidase homolog) plays a central role in the oxidative burst, and ef-hand motifs in the n terminus of this protein suggest possible regulation by ca(2+). however, regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. we identified ser-82 and ser-97 in the n terminus of potato (solanum tuberosum) st rbohb as potential phosphorylation sites. an anti-phosphopeptide antibody (pser82) indicated that ... | 2007 | 17400895 |
| the senescence-induced staygreen protein regulates chlorophyll degradation. | loss of green color in leaves results from chlorophyll (chl) degradation in chloroplasts, but little is known about how chl catabolism is regulated throughout leaf development. using the staygreen (sgr) mutant in rice (oryza sativa), which maintains greenness during leaf senescence, we identified sgr, a senescence-associated gene encoding a novel chloroplast protein. transgenic rice overexpressing sgr produces yellowish-brown leaves, and arabidopsis thaliana pheophorbide a oxygenase-impaired mut ... | 2007 | 17513504 |
| ageratum yellow vein china virus is a distinct begomovirus species associated with a dnabeta molecule. | abstract ageratum conyzoides plants exhibiting yellow vein symptoms, collected near haikou, hainan province, china, contained begomoviral dna-a-like molecules. the complete sequences of the molecules from two samples, hn2 and hn2-19, were shown to consist of 2,768 and 2,748 nucelotides (nt), respectively. these sequences have more than 97% nucleotide sequence identity, but less than 86% identity with other reported begomovirus sequences. in line with the taxonomic convention for begomoviruses, h ... | 2007 | 18943280 |
| a begomovirus associated with ageratum yellow vein disease in indonesia: evidence for natural recombination between tomato leaf curl java virus and ageratum yellow vein virus-[java]. | a begomovirus (2747 nucleotides) and a satellite dna beta component (1360 nucleotides) have been isolated from ageratum conyzoides l. plants with yellow vein symptoms growing in java, indonesia. the begomovirus is most closely related to tomato leaf curl java virus (tolcjv) (91 and 98% in the total nucleotide and coat protein amino acid sequences, respectively), although the products of orfs c1 and c4 are more closely related to those of ageratum yellow vein virus-[java] (91 and 95% identity, re ... | 2007 | 17294343 |
| hlmyb3, a putative regulatory factor in hop (humulus lupulus l.), shows diverse biological effects in heterologous transgenotes. | a hop-specific cdna library from glandular tissue-enriched hop cones was screened for myb transcription factors. cdna encoding for r2r3 myb, designated hlmyb3, was cloned and characterized. according to the amino acid (aa) sequence, hlmyb3 shows the highest homology to ghmyb5 from cotton and is unrelated to the previously characterized hlmyb1 from the hop. southern blot analyses indicated that hlmyb3 is a unique gene, which was detected in various humulus lupulus cultivars, but not in humulus ja ... | 2007 | 17708645 |
| functional analysis of the naturally recombinant dna-a of the bipartite begomovirus tomato chlorotic mottle virus. | all geminiviruses found in brazil belong to the begomovirus genus with a bipartite genome that is split between two genomic components, dna-a and dna-b. the dna-a of the bipartite begomovirus tocmov-[mg-bt] (tomato chlorotic mottle virus), however, possesses as a peculiar characteristic the capacity to systemically infect nicotiana benthamiana. here we further characterize this variant dna-a and show that it also infects solanum lycopersicum and other host plants, in the absence of dna-b. the to ... | 2007 | 17367887 |
| role of a gdsl lipase-like protein as sinapine esterase in brassicaceae. | the seeds of most members of the brassicaceae accumulate high amounts of sinapine (sinapoylcholine) that is rapidly hydrolyzed during early stages of seed germination. one of three isoforms of sinapine esterase activity (bnsce3) has been isolated from brassica napus seedlings and subjected to trypsin digestion and spectrometric sequencing. the peptide sequences were used to isolate bnsce3 cdna, which was shown to contain an open reading frame of 1170 bp encoding a protein of 389 amino acids, inc ... | 2008 | 18036206 |
| effector genomics accelerates discovery and functional profiling of potato disease resistance and phytophthora infestans avirulence genes. | potato is the world's fourth largest food crop yet it continues to endure late blight, a devastating disease caused by the irish famine pathogen phytophthora infestans. breeding broad-spectrum disease resistance (r) genes into potato (solanum tuberosum) is the best strategy for genetically managing late blight but current approaches are slow and inefficient. we used a repertoire of effector genes predicted computationally from the p. infestans genome to accelerate the identification, functional ... | 2008 | 18682852 |
| rna-directed rna polymerase3 from nicotiana attenuata is required for competitive growth in natural environments. | sde1/sgs2/rdr6, a putative rna-directed rna polymerase, maintains plant defenses against viruses in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and nicotiana benthamiana, but its function has not been examined in natural habitats or with respect to other ecological stresses. we evaluated the organismic-level function of this gene (nardr3) in an ecological model species, nicotiana attenuata, by transforming plants to stably silence rdr3 (irrdr3). minor morphological changes (elongated leaves and reduced l ... | 2008 | 18480375 |
| myosin xi-k is required for rapid trafficking of golgi stacks, peroxisomes, and mitochondria in leaf cells of nicotiana benthamiana. | a prominent feature of plant cells is the rapid, incessant movement of the organelles traditionally defined as cytoplasmic streaming and attributed to actomyosin motility. we sequenced six complete nicotiana benthamiana cdnas that encode class xi and class viii myosins. phylogenetic analysis indicates that these two classes of myosins diverged prior to the radiation of green algae and land plants from a common ancestor and that the common ancestor of land plants likely possessed at least seven m ... | 2008 | 18178670 |
| different subcellular localizations and functions of arabidopsis myosin viii. | myosins are actin-activated atpases that use energy to generate force and move along actin filaments, dragging with their tails different cargos. plant myosins belong to the group of unconventional myosins and arabidopsis myosin viii gene family contains four members: atm1, atm2, myosin viiia and myosin viiib. | 2008 | 18179725 |
| strains of a new bipartite begomovirus, pepper yellow leaf curl indonesia virus, in leaf-curl-diseased tomato and yellow-vein-diseased ageratum in indonesia. | the complete nucleotide sequences of begomoviruses from pepper with leaf curl and yellowing symptoms, tomato with leaf curl symptoms, and ageratum with yellow vein in indonesia were determined. on the basis of genome organization and sequence homology, they were proposed to belong to a new species, pepper yellow leaf curl indonesia virus (pepylciv), which includes the new strains pepylciv-tomato and pepylciv-ageratum. these viruses had bipartite genomes. pepper virus dnas from indonesia (pepylci ... | 2008 | 19015934 |
| assessment of camv-mediated gene silencing and integration of camv into gm plants with a 35s rna promoter. | four gm plant species (arabidopsis thaliana, brassica napus, nicotiana benthamiana and n. tabacum), each expressing the gene encoding the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (gfp) regulated by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna promoter, were assessed for the extent of transgene silencing and viral genome integration following infection by camv. the first three species are systemic hosts of camv, while n. tabacum is only a local host for a few strains of camv. a generalized systemic sil ... | 2008 | 18289501 |
| identification of a xylogalacturonan xylosyltransferase involved in pectin biosynthesis in arabidopsis. | xylogalacturonan (xga) is a class of pectic polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. the arabidopsis thaliana locus at5g33290 encodes a predicted type ii membrane protein, and insertion mutants of the at5g33290 locus had decreased cell wall xylose. immunological studies, enzymatic extraction of polysaccharides, monosaccharide linkage analysis, and oligosaccharide mass profiling were employed to identify the affected cell wall polymer. pectic xga was reduced to much lower levels in mutant than i ... | 2008 | 18460606 |
| production of recombinant allergens in plants. | a large percentage of allergenic proteins are of plant origin. hence, plant-based expression systems are considered ideal for the recombinant production of certain allergens. first attempts to establish production of plant-derived allergens in plants focused on transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana infected with recombinant viral vectors. accordingly, allergens from birch and mugwort pollen, as well as from apple have been expressed in plants. production of house dust mite allergens has ... | 2008 | 21258627 |
| in planta visualization of protein interactions using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc). | introductionbimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) analysis enables direct visualization of protein-protein interactions in living cells. this method has been successfully adapted to a variety of expression systems in different organisms. bifc is based on the formation of a fluorescent complex by fragments of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) when brought together by the interaction of two associating proteins fused to these fragments. interaction of these proteins restores ... | 2008 | 21356813 |
| complete sequencing of potato virus x new strain genome and construction of viral vector for production of target proteins in plants. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of a new potato virus x (pvx) strain tula isolated by us has been determined. based on comparison of the pvx tula nucleotide sequence with the sequences of 12 other pvx strains, this strain was assigned to the european cluster of pvx strains. phylogenetic analysis revealed the same phylogeny for both full genome sequences and nucleotide sequences of polymerase and coat protein genes, suggesting that the pvx evolution did not involve recombination be ... | 2008 | 18294128 |
| production of recombinant proteins in clonal root cultures using episomal expression vectors. | we have developed a fully contained system for expressing recombinant proteins that is based on clonal root cultures and episomal expression vectors. clonal root lines expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp) or human growth hormone were generated from nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected with the tobacco mosaic virus-based vector 30b after exposure to agrobacterium rhizogenes. these lines accumulated gfp at over 50 mg per kg fresh tissue, a level that is comparable with other plant productio ... | 2008 | 18306425 |
| an efficient plant viral expression system generating orally immunogenic norwalk virus-like particles. | virus-like particles (vlps) derived from enteric pathogens like norwalk virus (nv) are well suited to study oral immunization. we previously described stable transgenic plants that accumulate recombinant nv-like particles (rnvs) that were orally immunogenic in mice and humans. the transgenic approach suffers from long generation time and modest level of antigen accumulation. we now overcome these constraints with an efficient tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)-derived transient expression system using l ... | 2008 | 18325641 |
| generation of glyco-engineered nicotiana benthamiana for the production of monoclonal antibodies with a homogeneous human-like n-glycan structure. | a common argument against using plants as a production system for therapeutic proteins is their inability to perform authentic human n-glycosylation (i.e. the presence of beta1,2-xylosylation and core alpha1,3-fucosylation). in this study, rna interference (rnai) technology was used to obtain a targeted down-regulation of the endogenous beta1,2-xylosyltransferase (xylt) and alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase (fuct) genes in nicotiana benthamiana, a tobacco-related plant species widely used for recombin ... | 2008 | 18346095 |