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[catalytic concentration, multiple forms, and lectin affinity of microsomal enzymes from human tissues: lectins as reagents, ii (author's transl)].we estimated the concentrations, multiple forms, and lectin binding of five microsomal enzymes in particle free extracts from human kidney, pancreas, jejunal mucosa, and normal and cancerous liver. while arylesterase markedly reacted only with concanavalin a, arylamidase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and cholinesterase were intensely precipitated by lectins from ricinus communis 120, canavalia ensiformis, triticum vulgare and phaseolus vulgaris s. agglutinins from glycine max ...19816120206
purification and characterization of mrna from soybean seeds. identification of glycinin and beta-conglycinin precursors.poly(a)-rich rna was isolated from developing soybean seeds (glycine max (l.) merr.) and fractionated on linear log sucrose gradients. two major fractions sedimenting at 18 s and 20 s were separated and then purified by further sucrose gradient fractionation. both fractions were active as messengers when added to a rabbit reticulocyte lysate protein synthesis system. the 18 s fraction caused proteins migrating primarily to the 60,000-dalton region of a sodium dodecyl sulfate gel to be produced, ...19816167584
host-pathogen interactions : xviii. isolation and biological activity of glycinol, a pterocarpan phytoalexin synthesized by soybeans.a previously unrecognized phytoalexin has been isolated from soybean cotyledons that had been infected with bacteria or exposed to ultraviolet light. the phytoalexin has been purified to homogeneity by silica gel flash chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. it has been structurally characterized by its ultraviolet, circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, polarimetry, and its mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. the phytoalexin, (6as,11as)-3,6a,9-trihydrox ...198116661917
isolation and characterization of messenger rnas for seed lectin and kunitz trypsin inhibitor in soybeans.the mrnas for seed lectin and kunitz trypsin inhibitor of soybean have been highly enriched by immunoadsorption of the polysomes synthesizing these proteins. polysomes isolated from developing seed of variety williams were incubated with monospecific rabbit antibodies produced against lectin subunits or trypsin inhibitor protein. the polysomal mixture was passed over a column containing goat anti-rabbit antibodies bound to sepharose. bound polysomes were eluted and the mrna was selected by passa ...198116661996
host-pathogen interactions : xix. the endogenous elicitor, a fragment of a plant cell wall polysaccharide that elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soybeans.an elicitor of phytoalexin accumulation (endogenous elicitor) is solubilized from purified cell walls of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr., cv. wayne) by extracting the walls with hot water or by subjecting the walls to partial acid hydrolysis. the endogenous elicitor obtained from soybean cell walls binds to an anion exchange resin. the elicitor-active material released from the resin contains oligosaccharides rich in galacturonic acid; small amounts of rhamnose and xylose are also present. the p ...198116662068
transfer of oligosaccharide to protein from a lipid intermediate in plants.a lipid-bound oligosaccharide was isolated from pea (pisum sativum) cotyledons incubated with [(14)c]mannose. the oligosaccharide moiety appeared to be identical with the one obtained from rat liver, known to contain three glucoses, nine mannoses, and two n-acetylglucosamines, and to be involved in protein glycosylation.enzymes obtained from soya (glycine max) roots and developing pea cotyledons were found to catalyze the transfer of oligosaccharide from the lipid intermediate to endogenous prot ...198116662070
carbon and nitrogen limitations on soybean seedling development.carbon and nitrogen limitations on symbiotically grown soybean seedlings (glycine max [l.] merr.) were assessed by providing 0.0, 1.0, or 8.0 millimolar nh(4)no(3) and 320 or 1,000 microliters co(2)/liter for 22 days after planting. maximum development of the rhizobium-soybean symbiosis, as determined by acetylene reduction, was measured in the presence of 1.0 millimolar nh(4)no(3) under both levels of co(2). raising nh(4)no(3) from 0.0 to 8.0 millimolar under 320 microliters co(2)/liter increas ...198116662075
damage and reproductive potentials of pratylenchus brachyurus and p. penetrans on soybean.damage and reproductive potentials of pratylenchus brachyurus and p. penetrans on soybean, glycine max, cvs. essex, forrest, and lee 68, were determined in microplot tests. cultivar essex was generally tolerant to p. brachyurus. yield of forrest was suppressed linearly with increasing p(i)'s in the sandy soil (r = -0.92) and loamy sand soil (r = -0.99). low to moderate p(i)'s in the sandy clay loam gave an increase in yields as compared to plants without nematodes. yield was not affected by this ...198119300771
some properties of the lectin from datura stramonium (thorn-apple) and the nature of its glycoprotein linkages.the lectin from datura stramonium (thorn-apple; solanaceae) has been purified by affinity chromatography and shown to be a glycoprotein containing about 40% (w/w) of carbohydrate. the most abundant amino acids are hydroxyproline, cystine, glycine and serine. results obtained by gel filtration in 6m-guanidinium chloride on sepharose 4b suggest that it has a subunit mol.wt. of about 30000 and that it probably associates into dimers. the lectin is inhibited specifically by chitin oligosaccharides a ...19817325959
leghaemoglobin within bacteroid-enclosing membrane envelopes from soybean root nodules.methods are reported for the preparation from soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) root nodules, of well-washed, intact membrane envelopes containing bacteroids. the intact envelopes are of much lower density than the bacteroids within and therefore only low speed centrifugation (approx. 150 g) may be used. the optimum osmotic strength is 600 mosm/kg h2o. the envelope contents were recovered following mild osmotic shock and-or hard centrifugal packing at >10,000 g. extracts prepared in this way cont ...198124301157
ammonia assimilation in alnus glutinosa and glycine max: short-term studies using [n]ammonium.the pattern of assimilation of nh(4) (+) by alnus glutinosa, a n(2)-fixing, nonleguminous angiosperm, was examined. detached nodules, roots, and nodulated roots of intact plants were exposed to (13)nh(4) (+) for up to 15 minutes. glutamine was the most highly labeled compound at all times; the only other compound labeled significantly was glutamate. similar results were obtained after incubating soybean (l. merr) nodules and roots with (13)nh(4) (+). these observations and the results of pulse-l ...198116661732
abscisic acid translocation and metabolism in soybeans following depodding and petiole girdling treatments.it was found earlier that depodding and girdling treatments which obstruct translocation, result in increased leaf aba levels and partial stomatal closure. in the present work (+/-) [2-(14)c]abscisic acid (aba) was introduced into leaves and the mass, and radioactivity of aba and aba-metabolites were analyzed following translocation obstruction to determine whether the increased aba was due to higher rates of synthesis, or lower rates of catabolism or export. the (+/-) [2-(14)c]aba was introduce ...198116661753
genetic control of chloroplast pigment development in soybeans as a function of leaf and plant maturity.changes in the major chloroplast pigments of pigment-deficient genotypes of soybeans were studied as a function of leaf age and plant age. the trends of pigment development are plotted as a function of relative leaf age at two periods of plant development. comparisons are made between aging leaves from different nodes and leaves of different ages from the same node. in addition, trends of pigment development are expressed as a ratio of pigment-deficient/normal genotypes for five different genoty ...198116661750
carbon dioxide fixation in soybean roots and nodules: i. characterization and comparison with n(2) fixation and composition of xylem exudate during early nodule development.these studies demonstrate that soybean (merr) roots and nodules possess an active system for fixing co(2). the maximum rates of co(2) fixation observed for roots and nodules of intact plants were 120 and 110 nanomoles co(2) fixed per milligram dry weight per hour, respectively. results of labeling studies suggest a primary role for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in co(2) assimilation in these tissues. after pulse-labeling with (14)co(2) for 2 minutes, 70% of the total radioactivity was lost wit ...198116661737
correlations among leaf co2-exchange rates, areas and enzyme activities among soybean cultivars.soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) genotypes varying in area per nodal unit (usually a trifoliolate) and maturity class were grown in plots at the university of illinois experimental farm. leaf co2-exchange rates per unit area (cer) were measured under sunlight on intact plants. in addition to previously reported correlations with specific leaf weight and chlorophyll, cer was positively correlated with ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase) activity, specific activity, and soluble protein, a ...198124470153
seasonal variations in apparent photosynthesis among plant stands of different soybean cultivars.the co2- and h2o-exchange rates between soybean canopies and the atmosphere were measured in three mobile chambers (4 m(3)). each chamber stopped at 8 or 9 plots (3.1-m(2) ground area) every 25 min. diurnal and seasonal co2-exchange rates (cer) of 13 soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) cultivars are summarized here. the oldest two cultivars, released in 1927 and 1932, had the lowest cer values. the cer usually decreased in the afternoon (23.4 vs 27.8 μmol co2 m(-2) s(-1) at 1.6 mmol photons m(-2) s ...198124470152
metal complexation in xylem fluid : iii. electrophoretic evidence.the capacity of ligands in xylem fluid to form metal complexes was tested with a series of in vitro experiments using paper electrophoresis and radiographs. the xylem fluid was collected hourly for 8 hours from soybean (glycine max l. merr.) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) plants grown in normal and zn-phytotoxic nutrient solutions. metal complexation was assayed by anodic or reduced cathodic movement of radionuclides ((63)ni, (65)zn, (109)cd, (54)mn) that were presumed to have formed ...198116661666
metal complexation in xylem fluid : ii. theoretical equilibrium model and computational computer program.theoretical considerations of metal complex formation in aqueous solutions were used to develop a computer program (chelate) to calculate all equilibrium species (free metal ions, metal complexes, etc.) in any user-defined system, such as xylem fluid. mass-balance equations were established to describe each free metal ion and each free ligand concentration as a function of solution ph, total metal or total ligand, hydrogen-association constants, and the stability constants of known metal complex ...198116661665
metal complexation in xylem fluid : i. chemical composition of tomato and soybean stem exudate.xylem fluid was analyzed for numerous solutes to characterize chemically the sap as a medium for forming and transporting metal complexes. the stem exudate was collected hourly for 8 hours from topped 31-day-old soybean (glycine max l. merr.) and 46-day-old tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) plants grown in normal (0.5 micromolar) and za-phytotoxic nutrient solutions. soybean plants were grown in the normal and high-zn solutions for 24 days; tomato plants were grown for 32 days. the exudate ...198116661664
symptomatology and histopathology of soybean roots infected by pratylenchus scribneri and p. alleni.size of lesions caused by pratylenchus scribneri on roots of 'clark 63' soybean was correlated with nematode colony size within roots. a single nematode was capable of causing a detectable lesion. when a root became highly necrotic and shrunken, few nematodes but numerous eggs remained in the tissue. in histological sections made 5, 11, 18, and 45 d after planting, p. scribneri was located entirely within the cortex and generally was oriented longitudinally to the vascular cylinder, either outst ...198119300713
auxin-regulated wall loosening and sustained growth in elongation.it is proposed that auxin regulates and coordinates both wall loosening and the supply of wall materials in elongation. the tenets of the proposal allowed testable predictions. it was determined that, if the cell walls of glycine max l. var. wayne hypocotyl segments are maintained in a loosened state (by excising the segments directly into ph 4 medium), exogenous auxin induced only the second response. it was also predicted and confirmed that elongating systems, e.g. pea epicotyl, with certain e ...198116661616
the persistence and disappearance by washoff and dryfall of methoxychlor from soybean foliage--a preliminary study.the persistence and disappearance (washoff or dryfall) of methoxychlor [2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane] from mature soybean [glycine max (l.) merrill] foliage was investigated in a small field plot study under natural rainfall conditions in 1977 and 1978. residue analyses were conducted using whole plant samples. methoxychlor washoff rate was 8+/- 4% of the amount on plants (prior to rain) per centimeter of rainfall, regardless of time after application. total seasonal washoff fo ...19817200103
age-related changes in transfer rnas and synthetases in germinating soybean (glycine max) cotyledons.transfer rnas and aminoacyl-trna synthetases were isolated from 5- and 20-day-old etiolated ageing soybean cotyledons. the relative concentrations of mg2+ and atp for optimal acylation (using homologous trnas and synthetases) for the 16 amino acids tested indicate that the amino acids can be grouped into 3 categories with a mg:atp ratio of 2:1, 5:1 and 10:1 (aspartic acid, isoleucine, leucine, serine, and valine). the total amino acid acceptance for 5-day-old cotyledons was 0.427 mumol trna and ...19817197246
histochemical localization of nitrate reductase.nadh-dependent nitrate reductase (e.c. 1.6.6.1) was ultrastructurally localized in norflurazon-treated and control soybean cotyledons [glycine max (l.) merr.] by a method based upon the increase in osmiophilia due to the formation of an azo dye. the reaction product was observed in small vesicles throughout the cytoplasm. an apparent transport of nitrite to the plastid, the site of nitrite reduction, may occur through fusion of the nitrite-containing vesicles with the chloroplast envelope. plant ...19817196901
a study of oxygen isotope scrambling in the enzymic and non-enzymic oxidation of linoleic acid.lipoxygenases-1 and -2 isolated from soybeans were incubated with linoleic acid in the presence of a mixture of 16o2 and 18o2. the formation of 16o/18o-molecules which is indicative for a head-to head reaction of peroxy radicals was determined and compared with that produced during autoxidation of a linoleic acid emulsion in the presence of ferric ions. lipoxygenase-1 was much less active in scrambling than lipoxygenase-2 which was comparable to that found in the autoxidation reaction.19816798993
evolution of nitrogen oxide(s) during in vivo nitrate reductase assay of soybean leaves.studies were conducted to quantitate the evolution of nitrogen oxides (no((x))) from soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] leaves during in vivo nitrate reductase (nr) assays with aerobic and anaerobic gas purging. anaerobic gas purging (n(2) and argon) consistently resulted in greater no((x)) evolution than did aerobic gas purging (air and o(2)). the evolution of no((x)) was dependent on gas flow rate and on no(2) (-) formation in the assay medium; although a threshold level of no(2) (-) appeared to ...198116662132
occurrence and regulatory properties of uridine diphosphatase in fully expanded leaves of soybean (glycine max merr.) and other species.high activities (100-200 micromoles udp hydrolyzed per milligram chlorophyll per hour) of uridine-5' diphosphatase (udpase) have been identified in extracts of fully expanded soybean (glycine max merr.) leaves. in desalted crude extracts, udpase activity was strongly inhibited by low concentrations of mg:atp (i(50) = 0.3 millimolar). two forms of the enzyme were resolved by gel filtration on sephadex g-150. the higher molecular weight form (udpase i, about 199 kilodaltons by gel filtration) reta ...198116662095
effects of 42- and 2450-mhz dielectric heating on nutrition-related properties of soybeans.dielectric heating at frequencies of 42 and 2450 mhz was applied to whole soybeans of natural moisture content for varies exposure times. the minimum energy absorbed (mea) was calculated from moisture-loss and temperature-elevation data. biochemical analyses were performed to determine protein dispersibility index (pdi), nitrogen solubility index (nsi), and trypsin-inhibitor, urease, lipoxygenase, and peroxidase activities. because the heating rates were different at the two frequencies for the ...19816920415
kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects : xi. effect of host plants on kairomonal activity of frass fromheliothis zea larvae for the parasitoidmicroplitis croceipes.in laboratory experiments conducted to compare the kairomonal activity formicroplitis croceipes (cresson) of frass fromheliothis zea (boddie) larvae fed on different host plants,m. croceipes females responded to extracts of frass from larvae reared on cotton or soybeans but not on corn. the lack of response to frass from larvae reared on corn was shown to be a result of a lack of some appropriate chemical(s) in the corn.198124420830
biosynthesis of malonate in roots of soybean seedlings.many plants accumulate malonate, but it was shown earlier that malonate does not accumulate as a deadend product of metabolism in soybean (glycine max v. hodgson tissues. the metabolism of malonate in the soybean plant at the whole tissue and enzymic level was followed, and the pathway of malonate biosynthesis in young soybean root tissue was shown to be via acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase.198116662078
organic acid contents of soybean: age and source of nitrogen.the organic acid content of soybean (glycine max v. hodgson) root, stem, and leaf tissue was followed for 33 days after germination. malonate was the predominant acid in leaf and root tissue, whereas fumarate was predominant in the stem. the malonate concentrations of the stem and root showed similar variations with time, but the leaf response was quite different. in nodules from 33-day-old plants, malonate was the predominant acid. malonate levels in root and nodule tissue of 33-day-old plants ...198116662077
influence of 6-benzylaminopurine on fruit-set and seed development in two soybean, glycine max (l.) merr. genotypes.the influence of 6-benzylaminopurine (ba) on the premature abscission of developing soybean, glycine max (l.) merr. fruits of 2 genotypes was studied. ba was applied during the critical period of fruit-setting. the tested concentration range of ba was from 1 micromolar to 5 millimolar; 2 millimolar was optimal. spray application of 2 millimolar ba to terminal inflorescences at the r(3) developmental stage of field-grown soybeans significantly increased fruit-set and seed yield of the shore genot ...198116662076
enzymes of purine biosynthesis and catabolism in glycine max: i. comparison of activities with n(2) fixation and composition of xylem exudate during nodule development.during the period examined from 12 to 63 days after planting, the ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid, were the predominant nitrogenous solutes in the xylem exudate of soybeans (glycine max [l.]) growing solely on symbiotically fixed nitrogen, accounting for approximately 60% and greater than 95% of the total nitrogen in the xylem exudate before and after the onset of active nitrogen fixation, respectively. for plants between 18 and 49 days of age, the apparent rate of ureide export estimated ...198116662061
a circadian rhythm in the rate of light-induced electron flow in three leguminous species.three legume species, pisum sativum l., glycine max (l.), and phaseolus vulgaris l., were grown in light-dark cycles and then maintained in constant dim light. during the constant conditions, chloroplasts were isolated throughout the day and assayed for various light-reaction activities. similar results were found for all three species. the rate of whole-chain, light-induced electron flow (h(2)o to methyl viologen) was rhythmic over a 24-hour period provided an uncoupler of photophosphorylation ...198116662048
expression of storage-protein genes during soybean seed development.mature seeds of glycine max (l.) merr. contain two major storage proteins, a glycosylated 7s protein (conglycinin) and a non-glycosylated 11s protein (glycinin). accumulation of these proteins and their mrnas during seed development in cv. provar was studied by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by "northern" (dna-rna) hybridization. the 11s acidic and basic subunits and the 7s α' and α subunits began to accumulate 18-20 d after pollination, shortly after the termination of cell division ...198124276763
examination of le and lele genotypes of glycine max (l.) merr. for membrane-bound and buffer-soluble soybean lectin.membrane fractions from seedlings of four soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] lines were examined by radioimmunoassay and hemagglutination assay for the 120,000 dalton soybean lectin. two of the lines (sooty and t-102) are genotypically lele and lack buffer-soluble soybean lectin; the remaining two lines (beeson and harosoy 63) are le and produce seeds that contain the lectin (su et al. 1980 biochim. biophys. acta 629: 292-304). both triton x-100 (0.5% v/v) and nonidet p-40 (0.05% v/v) solubilized ...198116662023
effect of nitrate in the rooting medium on carbohydrate composition of soybean nodules.nodulated soybean plants (glycine max [l.] merr) were grown in sand culture. carbohydrate composition of nodules, roots, and leaf blades was determined and related to the effects of nitrate in nutrient solution on nodule growth and on nitrogenase activity of nodules.when plants were grown without nitrate for 6 weeks and then supplied with 150 milligrams no(3)-n/liter for 4 or 7 days, there was an 80% decline in acetylene reduction activity of nodulated roots, relative to the 0-n control. the 80% ...198116662009
asparagine amide metabolism in developing cotyledons of soybean.magic-angle single and double cross-polarization (13)c and (15)n nmr spectra have been obtained of lyophilized soybean cotyledons cultured on media containing, as the only nitrogen source, [4-(13)c, amide-(15)n]asparagine. single cross-polarization nmr shows directly and unambiguously that both labels from asparagine are incorporated extensively and nonrandomly into protein by the developing cotyledon during a 2-week period. a stable-isotope double label tags a chemical bond. the metabolic fate ...198116593102
low proton conductance of plant cuticles and its relevance to the acid-growth theory.evidence obtained on the relation between the ph of the medium and the growth of intact stem sections is compatible with the acid-growth theory only if the proton conductance of the cuticle is so low that the cuticle is an effective barrier to the entry or exit of protons from the tissue. by measuring the rate at which protons cross frozen-thawed epidermal strips of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) and soybean hypocotyls (glycine max morr.) and enzymically isolated cuticles of berberis aquifoliu ...198116661976
enzymic synthesis of lignin precursors. comparison of cinnamoyl-coa reductase and cinnamyl alcohol:nadp+ dehydrogenase from spruce (picea abies l.) and soybean (glycine max l.).cambial sap of spruce (picea abies) proved to be a good source for isolation of cinnamoyl-coa reductase and cinnamyl alcohol:nadp+ dehydrogenase. apparently homogeneous enzymes were obtained by a multistep procedure including dye-ligand chromatography and for the reductase also affinity chromatography on (coenzyme a)-agarose. an improved purification procedure for the reductase from soybean cell cultures is also reported. molecular weights and subunit composition of reductase and dehydrogenase f ...19817042334
peptidohydrolases of soybean root nodules : identification, separation, and partial characterization of enzymes from bacteroid-free extracts.nodule extracts prepared from glycine max var woodworth possessed endopeptidase, aminopeptidase, and carboxypeptidase activities. three distinct endopeptidase activities could be resolved by disc-gel electrophoresis at ph 8.8. according to their order of increasing electrophoretic mobility, the first of these enzymes hydrolyzed azocasein and n-benzoyl-l-leu-beta-naphthylamide, while the second hydrolyzed n-benzoyl-l-arg-beta-naphthylamine (bz-l-arg-betana), n-benzoyl-l-arg-p-nitroanilide (bz-l-a ...198116661922
metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : ii. evidence for incorporation into lignin.cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) incorporated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) into a metabolite fraction which was insoluble in ethanol, water, and hot sodium dodecylsulphate. further treatment with hot dimethylformamide solubilized a material which by the following criteria appeared to consist of 2,4-d derivatives covalently bound to lignin: i) co-chromatography of radioactivity and of uv-absorbing material upon gel permeation chromato ...198124302424
metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : i. general results.the metabolism of [2-(14)c]- and [ring-u-(14)c]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) has been studied in cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). 2,4-d was extensively metabolized by both cultures, the rates of metabolism and the metabolite patterns remaining constant over at least 60 (soybean) and 25 (wheat) growth cycles. amino acid conjugates were the predominant metabolite fraction in soybean cells whereas β-d-glucoside conjugates predominated i ...198124302423
localization of enzymes of ureide biosynthesis in peroxisomes and microsomes of nodules.the intracellular location of enzymes involved in the synthesis of the ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid, was investigated in nodules of glycine max l. merr. cellular organelles were separated on isopycnic sucrose density gradients. xanthine dehydrogenase activity (270 nanomoles per min per gram fresh weight) was totally soluble, whereas approximately 15% of the total uricase and catalase activities (1 and 2000 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight, respectively) was in the fraction co ...198116661891
host-pathogen interactions: xvi. purification and characterization of a beta-glucosyl hydrolase/transferase present in the walls of soybean cells.the fact that fungal glucans will stimulate soybeans to accumulate phytoalexins prompted an investigation of soybean cell beta-1,3-glucanases and beta-glucosidases, as well as the ability of these enzymes to hydrolyze the fungal glucans. several beta-1,3-glucanases and beta-glucosidases can be solubilized from the walls of suspension-cultured soybean cells by treatment with 1.0 molar sodium acetate buffer. an enzyme, which has been termed beta-glucosylase i, is the dominant beta-1,3-glucanase in ...198116661872
aflatoxin - induced alteration in the levels of membrane chemical of subcellular organelles isolated from excised, incubated glycine max, cv. "essex" roots. i. non-enriched organelles. 19816166863
modification of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in soybean cell suspension cultures by 2-aminooxyacetate and l-2-aminooxy-3-phenylpropionate.suspension-cultured cells of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr. cv. kanrich) produce large amounts of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal; ec 4.3.1.5), the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism, during growth. 2-aminooxyacetic acid (aoa) and l-2-aminooxy-3-phenylpropionic acid (l-aopp) inhibit the enzyme competitively in vitro and have been used for in vivo studies. the amount of extractable enzyme in the cells and their utilization of no 3 (-) and nh 3 (+) are reduced upon the addition of aoa. w ...198124302379
cellulose and 1,3-glucan synthesis during the early stages of wall regeneration in soybean protoplasts.protoplasts isolated from cultured soybean cells (glycine max (l.) merr., cv. mandarin) were used to study polysaccharide biosynthesis during the initial stages of cell wall-regeneration. within minutes after the protoplasts were transferred to a wall-regeneration medium containing [(14)c]glucose, radioactivity was detected in a product which was chemically characterized as cellulose. the onset and accumulation of radioactivity into cellulose coincided with the appearance fibrils on the surface ...198124302377
sterol composition and accumulation in glycine max (l.) merr leaves under different filtered sunlight conditions.soybean plants (merr) were grown in the field in three plots. sixteen days after sowing, two plots were covered with blue and red polyvinylchloride filters (0.45 millimeter thick) and one remained uncovered as control. leaves of all plots were analyzed for total, free, esterified, and glycosidic sterols at two successive stages of plant growth (flowering and podripening).during the growth, total sterols increased in the control sample and under red and blue polyvinylchloride filters. although fr ...198116661812
subculture-induced protein synthesis in tissue cultures of glycine max and phaseolus vulgaris.the effects of subculture of tissue cultures on the levels of certain mrnas have been investigated, and the action of cytokinins on the disposition of certain mrnas between possible non-translating and translating pools has been determined. mrna preparations were assayed by cell free translation with message-dependent reticulocyte lysate and the in vitro products resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. subculture of the cells caused a rapid stimulation of polysome formation. it also incr ...198124302314
membrane organization in soybean seeds during hydration.the ability of seeds to withstand dehydration indicates that their membranes may maintain structural integrity even when dry. analysis of polar lipids (the principal lipidic constituents of the membranes) from soybean seeds (glycine-max (l.) merr.) by x-ray diffraction indicated that even in the dehydrated state the lipids retained a lamellar (bilayer) configuration. as the degree of hydration was raised, evidence of some structural alteration (apparent as an abrupt increase in bilayer spacing) ...198124302313
osmoregulation, solute distribution, and growth in soybean seedlings having low water potentials.soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) seedlings osmoregulate when the supply of water is limited around the roots. the osmoregulation involves solute accumulation (osmotic adjustment) by the elongating region of the hypocotyls. we investigated the relationship between growth, solute accumulation, and the partitioning of solutes during osmoregulation. darkgrown seedlings were transplanted to vermiculite containing 1/8 (0.13 x) the water of the controls. within 12-15 h, the osmotic potential of the elo ...198124302115
the assimilation of ureides in shoot tissues of soybeans : 1. changes in allantoinase activity and ureide contents of leaves and fruits.the ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid, are major forms of n transported from nodules to shoots in soybeans (merr.). little is known about the occurrence, localization, or properties of the enzymes involved in the assimilation of ureides in shoot tissues. we have examined the capacity of the shoot tissues to assimilate allantoin via allantoinase (ec 3.5.2.5) during leaf and fruit development in nodulated soybeans. specific activity of allantoinase in leaves peaked during pod formation and ear ...198116661804
use of tetraethylthiuram disulfide to discriminate between alternative respiration and lipoxygenase.mitochondria from axes of glycine max (l.) merr. cv. chippewa 64 seedlings purified on discontinuous percoll gradients exhibited classical cyanide-resistant respiration. these mitochondria also possessed lipoxygenase activity, as determined by o(2) uptake in the presence of 0.8 millimolar linoleic acid. this activity is inhibited by most known inhibitors of alternative respiration (i.e. hydroxamates and propyl gallate). tetraethylthiuram disulfide (disulfiram) at 50 micromolar inhibited cyanide- ...198116661801
morphology and ultrastructure of maternal seed tissues of soybean in relation to the import of photosynthate.cytological observations were made on developing seeds of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr. "amsoy 71") using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. attention was focused on the maternal tissues of the seed coat and embryo sac. an hypothesis of photosynthate import, unloading, and movement to the embryo is presented based on the results of these studies.198116661775
structural sequences are conserved in the genes coding for the alpha, alpha' and beta-subunits of the soybean 7s seed storage protein.cloned dnas encoding four different proteins have been isolated from recombinant cdna libraries constructed with glycine max seed mrnas. two cloned dnas code for the alpha and alpha'-subunits of the 7s seed storage protein (conglycinin). the other cloned cdnas code for proteins which are synthesized in vitro as 68,000 d., 60,000 d. or 53,000 d. polypeptides. hybrid selection experiments indicate that, under low stringency hybridization conditions, all four cdnas hybridize with mrnas for the alph ...19826897678
closely related families of genes code for the alpha and alpha' subunits of the soybean 7s storage protein complex.nineteen cloned cdnas encoding the alpha and alpha'-subunits of the 7s seed storage protein in the soybean, glycine max, have been isolated from a recombinant cdna library constructed with mrna from maturing seeds. in addition, a gene encoding an alpha'-subunit has been isolated from a recombinant charon 4a phage library containing genomic glycine max dna. the cloned dnas have been divided, on the basis of their endonuclease sites, into two main classes of sequences which differ in approximately ...19826298713
photosynthesis at ambient and elevated humidity over a growing season in soybean.daytime rates of net photosynthesis of upper canopy leaflets of soybeans were compared on 17 days for leaflets exposed to air at the ambient humidity and at a higher humidity. leaflets at the higher humidity had higher rates of net photosynthesis on 16 of the 17 days. the daily total of net photosynthesis of leaflets at the higher humidity was on average 1.32 times that for leaflets at ambient humidity. a strong limitation of net photosynthesis by ambient humidity was found throughout the growin ...198224458343
interactions among leaf photosynthetic rates, flowering and pod set in soybeans.the seasonal maximum in photosynthetic co2 exchange rate (cer) and the cessation of leaf expansion in soybeans (glycine max (l.) merr) accompany fruiting under normal agricultural conditions. to investigate whether these phenomena were obligatively tied together, we caused early flowering of long-season varieties by imposing artificial short-day treatments. comparisons of cer and leaf area between vegetative (long-day treatment) and fruiting (short-day treatment) plants of long-season cultivar c ...198224458340
effects of cotton condensed tannin, maysin (corn) and pinitol (soybeans) onheliothis zea growth and development.maysin, a flavone glycoside from corn silks, inhibits ingestion, and thus growth, ofheliothis zea (boddie) larvae. pinitol from soybeans inhibitedh. zea growth by the same mechanism. despite the widely held assumption that tannins inhibit growth by inhibiting assimilation, cotton condensed tannin inhibitedh. zea growth by reducing ingestion; no evidence was found for a reduction in assimilation. neonate larvae are shown to be much more sensitive to allelochemics than larvae that have fed on cont ...198224414887
chromosomal and isozyme studies of nicotiana tabacum - glycine max hybrid cell lines.the chromosomal stability of a number of somatic hybrids derived from soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) and nicotiana tabacum var. 'xanthi' were investigated. several of the hybrid cell lines retained more than half the complement of n. tabacum chromosomes after 7 months of culturing. a number of chromosomal abnormalities were observed. the hybrids were positively identified by employing isozyme analysis of several dehydrogenases and aspartate aminotransferase.198224270647
plant cell suspension cultures as model systems for investigating growth regulating compounds.several plant growth regulators were investigated for their activity in cell suspension cultures of glycine max, gossypium hirsutum and zea mays. the effect on the growth of the cell cultures was traced by means of cell counting and determining packed cell volume and turbidity of the suspensions. the growth retardant 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,9,10-pentaaza-tetracyclo-5,4,10(2,6) ,0(8,11)-dodeca-3,9-diene (nda) and, to a slightly lesser extent, ancymidol proved to be the compounds with the greates ...198224257776
fatty acid composition and nitrate uptake of soybean roots during acclimation to low temperature.fatty acid composition of old and new roots was determined for soybeans (glycine max [l.] merr. cv ransom) at root-zone temperatures of 14, 18, and 22 degrees c during a 26-day period. new roots had a greater concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids than old roots. the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid concentration in new roots exposed to 14 and 18 degrees c peaked at 16 days and declined, while the corresponding ratio in old roots increased throughout the treatment period. a ...198216662745
ontogenetic variation of four cytokinins in soybean root pressure exudate.cytokinins exported from the root may be involved in the correlative control of plant development. to test this hypothesis in soybean ((glycine max [l.] merr. cv. mccall, cv chippewa 64, and cv hodgson 78), cytokinins were intercepted en route from the root to the shoot by collecting root pressure exudate from detopped roots. the quantities of four cytokinins in the exudate were studied throughout the development of plants grown in the field and in controlled environment chambers. zeatin, zeatin ...198216662731
reflectance of a vegetation canopy using the adding method.the adding method has been used to calculate vegetation canopy bidirectional reflectance. appropriate reflection and transmission matrices for canopy and underlying soil layers are developed in terms of canopy geometry and basic optical properties. the model is illustrated by comparisons with field reflectance measurements for blue grama (bouteloua gracilis) and soybeans (calahan 9250). calculations using the suits model are also included for comparison.198220401018
effect of pod removal on leaf senescence in soybeans.depodding soybean (glycine max [l] merr. cv wye) plants results in an apparent inhibition of senescence as indicated by leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein retention. however, leaf photosynthesis and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) levels begin to decline earlier in depodded than in control, podded plants. the initial decline in photosynthesis is correlated with a decrease in leaf transpiration, while the latter decline is associated with the loss of rubisco. total soluble protein r ...198216662714
effect of chitosan on membrane permeability of suspension-cultured glycine max and phaseolus vulgaris cells.treatment of suspension-cultured glycine max cv harosoy 63 cells with soluble chitosan (20-500 micrograms per milliliter) increased membrane permeability as shown by leakage of electrolytes, protein, and uv absorbing material. severe damage to the cell membrane by chitosan (100 and 500 mug/ml) was also indicated by reduced staining with fluorescein diacetate and the leakage of fluorescein from preloaded cells. other basic polymers (poly-l-lysine, histone, deae-dextran, protamine sulfate, and gly ...198216662696
effects of aminoacetonitrile on net photosynthesis, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate levels, and glycolate pathway intermediates.the effects of aminoacetonitrile (a competitive inhibitor of glycine oxidation) on net photosynthesis, glycolate pathway intermediates, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) levels have been investigated at different o(2) and co(2) concentrations with soybean (glycine max)[l] merr. cv pioneer 1677) leaf discs floated on 25 millimolar aminoacetonitrile (aan) for 50 minutes prior to assay.at 2% o(2) and 200 or 330 microliters per liter co(2), the inhibitor had no effect on the rate of net photosynt ...198216662695
an assessment of phase transitions in soybean membranes.phase transitions were measured in vesicles of phospholipids, alone and in various combinations, and in pelleted mitochondrial membranes, using thermal (dsc) and optical methods. the objective was to consider their possible involvement in chilling injury of soybeans (glycine max [l.] merr. cv wayne 1977). saturated phospholipids showed clear transitions in the temperature range of 50 degrees c to near 0 degrees c. when mixtures of two phospholipids were examined, there was a marked lowering and ...198216662688
modeling c and n transport to developing soybean fruits.xylem sap and phloem exudates from detached leaves and fruit tips were collected and analyzed during early pod-fill in nodulated soybeans (glycine max (l.) merr. cv wilkin) grown without (-n) and with (+n) nh(4)no(3). ureides were the predominant from (91%) of n transported in the xylem of -n plants, while amides (45%) and nitrate (23%) accounted for most of the n in the xylem of +n plants. amino acids (44%) and ureides (36%) were the major n forms exported in phloem from leaves in -n plants, bu ...198216662669
nodule protein synthesis and nitrogenase activity of soybeans exposed to fixed nitrogen.nitrate or ammonium was added to soybean (glycine max l. merrill cv corsoy) plants grown in plastic pouches 10 days after nodules first appeared. by the third day of treatment with 10 millimolar nitrate, nitrogenase specific activity (per unit nodule weight) had decreased to 15% to 25% of that of untreated plants. longer incubations and higher concentrations of nitrate had no greater effect. in addition, exogenous nitrate or ammonium resulted in slower nodule growth and decreased total protein s ...198216662660
use of isopropyl-n(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (cipc) to produce partial haploid cells from suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max).suspension cultures of a heterozygous line of soybean (glycine max) were treated with cipc. surviving clones had lost 10-15 chromosomes. a recessive phenotype (non-fluorescence) not expressed in the heterozygote, was expressed with high frequency (15-20%) in these clones. nucleoside auxotrophs were isolated from the segregant clones consistent with partial haploidy. a selective screen for nucleoside auxotrophs is described.198224257709
characterization of the active sucrose transport system of immature soybean embryos.immature soybean embryos were isolated from soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] seeds at various stages of development to study their accumulation of [(14)c]sucrose in vitro. isolated embryos accumulate sucrose at a constant rate over several hours, the label entering large, endogenous pools of sucrose from which starch, protein, and lipid storage products are formed. accumulation is without extracellular sucrose hydrolysis and occurs predominantly by active transport at physiological sucrose conce ...198216662650
efficiency of nitrogen assimilation by n(2)-fixing and nitrate-grown soybean plants (glycine max [l.] merr.).nodulated and non-nodulated (not inoculated) soybeans (glycine max [l.] merr. cv wells) were grown in controlled environments with n(2) or nonlimiting levels of no(3) (-), respectively, serving as sole source of nitrogen. the efficiency of the n(2)-fixing plants was compared with that of the nitrate-supplied plants on the basis of both plant age and plant size. efficiency evaluations of the plants were expressed as the ratio of moles of carbon respired by the whole plant to the moles of nitrogen ...198216662635
identification and quantitative analysis of indole-3-acetyl-l-aspartate from seeds of glycine max l.indole-3-acetyl-l-aspartate (iaasp) was isolated from seeds of glycine max l. cv. hark and its identity established by its chromatographic performance and its mass spectral fragmentation. following acid hydrolysis, the aspartate moiety was shown to be the l-enantiomer by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic retention time of the bisethyl ester derivatized with 2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-beta-d-glycopyranosyl isothiocyanate. isotope dilution analysis using [(14)c]iaasp as internal st ...198216662569
chloroplast alkaline fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase exists in a membrane-bound form.an alkaline fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase activity associated with soybean (glycine max cv beeson) chloroplasts appears to be membrane-bound. the ph optimum of the membrane-associated activity corresponds to that found for activity associated with the stroma. illumination of washed thylakoids results in an increase in alkaline fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase activity in the absence of any added stromal factors. exposure to ph 8.0 results in a partial release of enzyme activity from the membrane. the a ...198216662565
cowpea rhizobia producing dark nodules: use in competition studies.during a program of screening rhizobia from west africa, it was found that some strains produced nodules of unusually dark appearance on cowpeas, but not on peanuts, soybeans, pigeon peas, or mung beans. the dark pigmentation was in the bacteroid zone, was not correlated with nodule effectiveness, and was additional to the leghemoglobin pigment. only rhizobial strains with a nongummy ("dry") colony morphology produced dark nodules. visually distinguishable pink and dark nodules formed on the sam ...198216346091
extraction procedures for oilseeds and related high fat-low moisture products.a combined sample preparation/extraction procedure is presented for pesticide residue analysis of oilseeds and related high fat-low moisture products. the procedure utilizes high-speed milling to prepare the sample and high-speed homogenization in the extraction step to achieve what is apparently quantitative isolation of both incurred residues and natural oils. a separate, simple, oil determination step allows findings to be reported on either the fat or whole product basis. petroleum ether, et ...19826890060
dynamics of galactolipids and plastids in nonphotosynthetic cells of glycine max suspension cultures : a morphological and biochemical study.the age-dependent interrelationship of galactolipids and plastids in heterotrophic cell suspension cultures of glycine max (soybean) was studied with regard to aging of nonphotosynthetic cells. cells were propagated in the dark and under illumination with white light, and were harvested at days 7 (end of logarithmic phase), 14, and 21 (extended stationary phase). electron microscopy revealed in dark-grown cells a proliferating decay of the amyloplast-type plastids, which could be correlated to a ...198216662543
different rates of metabolism of soybean proteinase inhibitors during germination.during germination, the content of the major bowman-birk proteinase inhibitor (bb-e) in the cotyledons of soybean (glycine max [l.] merrill cv. fiskeby v) seeds decreases, becoming a minor form by the sixth day of germination. one of the three other minor species (bb-d) of this inhibitor in the dry seed increases to become the major form in six-day cotyledons. the other two minor species (bb-c and bb-f) also appear to decrease during germination, but at a slower rate compared to the original maj ...198216662522
host-pathogen interactions : xxi. extraction of a heat-labile elicitor of phytoalexin accumulation from frozen soybean stems.an extract of frozen and thawed soybean (glycine max l. merr. cv. wayne) stems is active, in wounded soybean cotyledons, as a heat-labile elicitor of phytoalexins. the elicitor activity of the extract is destroyed by heating to 95 degrees c for 10 minutes. the fraction that contains heat-labile elicitor activity releases heat-stable elicitor-active molecules from purified soybean cell walls. heat-labile elicitor activity voids a bio-gel p-6 column and can be absorbed onto and eluted from a deae ...198216662505
enzymes for acetaldehyde and ethanol formation in legume nodules.soybean (glycine max l. var. wilkin) nodules contain acetaldehyde and ethanol. the cytosol of soybean and other legume nodules contains pyruvic decarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.1). some of the properties of these enzymes from soybean nodules are described. their presence indicates that in the microaerobic nodule cytosol some carbohydrate is metabolized by fermentative pathways like those in the roots of flood-tolerant plants.198216662501
effect of esterification and side-chain alkylation on alteration of translocation characteristics of methamidophos.1. the phloem mobility and systemic activity of methamidophos (i); propanedioic acid 1-phosphoramidothionic acid o,s-dimethyl ester, 2-methyl, 3-0monoethyl ester (ii); propanedioic acid, 1-phosphoramidothionic acid o,s-dimethyl ester, 2,2-dimethyl, 3-monoethyl ester (iii); and butenoic acid, 1-monoethyl ester, 2,3,-e & z, 3-phosphoramidothionic acid o,s-dimethyl ester (iv) were investigated in soybeans (glycine max l.) with a bioassay using cabbage looper (tricoplusia ni hüber) larvae to determi ...19827147994
enzymes of sucrose, maltose, and α,α-trehalose catabolism in soybean root nodules.crude, sephadex-filtered extracts of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) root nodules contained invertase (e.c. 3.2.1.26) activity with ph optima at 5.4 and 7.8, α,α-trehalase (e.c. 3.2.1.28) activity with ph optima at 3.8 and 6.6, and maltase (e.c. 3.2.1.20) activity with a broad ph optimum between 4.5 and 5.0. bacteroids and cytosol were separated using percoll density gradients. cellulase and pectinase were employed to separate protoplasts from the infected region from the nodule cortex, which r ...198224271663
use of the ureide technique to describe the nitrogen economy of field-grown soybeans.nitrogen fixation was estimated in ;bragg,' ;forrest,' and ;bethel' soybean (glycine max [l.] merrill) from seven locations northwest of new south wales, australia, by relating ureide and nitrate contents of plant parts sampled at regular intervals during growth to standard curves derived under controlled nitrate regimes. estimates were combined with data on crop growth and mineral n contents of soils to (a) determine the total requirements for n by the crops, (b) determine the contributions of ...198216662482
de novo purine synthesis in nitrogen-fixing nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata [l.] walp.) and soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.).partially purified, cell-free extracts from nodules of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp. cv. caloona) and soybean (glycine max l. merr. cv. bragg) showed high rates of de novo purine nucleotide and purine base synthesis. activity increased with rates of nitrogen fixation and ureide export during development of cowpea plants; maximum rates (equivalent to 1.2 micromoles n(2) per hour per gram fresh nodule) being similar to those of maximum nitrogen fixation (1-2 micromoles n(2) per hour per gram ...198216662479
differential effect of tungsten on the development of endogenous and nitrate-induced nitrate reductase activities in soybean leaves.the effect of tungsten on the development of endogenous and nitrate-induced nadh- and fmnh(2)-linked nitrate reductase activities in primary leaves of 10-day-old soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) seedlings was studied. the seedlings were grown with or without exogenous nitrate. high levels of endogenous nitrate reductase activities developed in leaves of seedlings grown without nitrate. however, no endogenous nitrite reductase activity was detected in such seedlings. the fmnh(2)-linked nitrate re ...198216662475
patterns of urease synthesis in developing soybeans.an examination of in vivo polysome-bound activity indicates that soybean (glycine max, cv. prize) seed urease is synthesized on large polysomes (n >/= 15). in vitro urease synthesis is directed by a large rna (3,000-3,300 nucleotides). urease synthesis occurs throughout the normal protein biosynthetic phase of the developing seed. surprisingly, the activity/antigen ratios of urease increase throughout development. urease appears to be in a more highly polymerized state in mature beans versus bea ...198216662443
photosynthetic o(2) exchange kinetics in isolated soybean cells.light-dependent o(2) exchange was measured in intact, isolated soybean (glycine max. var. williams) cells using isotopically labeled o(2) and a mass spectrometer. the dependence of o(2) exchange on o(2) and co(2) was investigated at high light in coupled and uncoupled cells. with coupled cells at high o(2), o(2) evolution followed similar kinetics at high and low co(2). steady-state rates of o(2) uptake were insignificant at high co(2), but progressively increased with decreasing co(2). at low c ...198216662441
involvement of glyoxysomal lipase in the hydrolysis of storage triacylglycerols in the cotyledons of soybean seedlings.the total cotyledon extract of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. var. coker 136) seedlings underwent lipolysis as measured by the release of fatty acids. the highest lipolytic activity occurred at ph 9. this lipolytic activity was absent in the dry seeds and increased after germination concomitant with the decrease in total lipids. using spherosomes (lipid bodies) isolated from the cotyledons during the peak stage of lipolysis (5-7 days) as substrates, about 40% of the lipase activity was found in ...198216662427
metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-resistant soybean callus tissue.three 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) -resistant root callus tissue lines of glycine max l. merrill var. acme were derived by culturing callus tissue 2 to 6 months on 40 milligrams per liter 2,4-d and designated 40r, 40b, and 40c. tissue line 40r had a lower level of 2,4-d uptake in 2-week-old tissue which disappeared in 3.5-week-old tissue and less free 2,4-d following incubation for 24 hours with [1-(14)c]2,4-d. this tissue line accumulated more hydroxylated glycosides of 2,4-d than did ...198216662426
soybean leaf photosynthesis in relation to maturity classification and stage of growth.leaf photosynthetic rates were measured on field-grown soybeans during the 1980 season. comparisons were made between different cultivars and isolines representative of maturity groups i-iv. mature, fully expanded leaves at different nodes on the plant were measured in high light to determine which had the highest potential photosynthetic rates at any one time. successive leaves during the growing season had maximum rates which increased from about 22 μ mol co2 m(-2) s(-1) on 25 june to a peak o ...198224458228
subcellular organization of ureide biogenesis from glycolytic intermediates and ammonium in nitrogen-fixing soybean nodules.subcellular organelle fractionation of nitrogen-fixing nodules of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) indicates that a number of enzymes involved in the assimilation of ammonia into amino acids and purines are located in the proplastids. these include asparagine synthetase (ec 6.3.1.1), phosphoribosyl amidotransferase (ec 2.4.2.14), phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.95), serine hydroxymethylase (ec 2.1.2.1), and methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ec 1.5.1.5). of the two isoenzymes of ...198224271625
isolation of an auxotrophic cell line of soybean (glycine max) which requires asparagine or glutamine for growth.a suspension culture of haploid soybean cells was treated with ultra-violet light. from the mutagenized culture an auxotrophic cell line was isolated which grows on 1-b5 media supplemented with asparagine or glutamine. in the absence of these additives the cells cease to grow and die. asparagine is unable to serve as a sole source of nitrogen, i.e., cannot substitute for nitrate and ammonia.198224259133
penetration of soybean root systems by abscisic acid isomers.the penetration of soybean (glycine max l. cv. ransom) root systems by exogenously applied isomers of abscisic acid was monitored by measuring the concentration of the chemical in the xylem exudate of root systems exposed to a three bar hydrostatic pressure difference. the cis-trans isomer penetrated more readily than the trans-trans isomer; however, up to 6 hours was needed to reach steady-state values. exogenous abscisic acid also decreased volume flux through the root system and increased tot ...198216662401
nitrate reduction by roots of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) seedlings.studies were conducted with 9 to 12 day-old soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. cv. williams) seedlings to determine the contribution of roots to whole plant no(3) (-) reduction. using an in vivo -no(3) (-) nitrate reductase (nr) assay (no exogenous no(3) (-) added to incubation medium) developed for roots, the roots accounted for approximately 30% of whole plant nitrate reductase activity (nra) of plants grown on 15 mm no(3) (-).nitrogen analyses of xylem exudate showed that 53 to 66% of the total- ...198216662390
a soybean seed urease-null produces urease in cell culture.itachi, a soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) variety with 0.2% normal seed urease activity, was recovered from a screen of 6,000 entries in the united states department of agriculture soybean germplasm collection. no urease antigen in itachi seed extracts was detected by double diffusion or by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. native gels stained for protein or ureolytic activity revealed no detectable urease holoenzyme. an anti-urease antibody affinity column was used to remove all detectable urease ...198216662376
cadmium-binding components in soybean plants.soybean (glycine max l.) plants exposed to (109)cd readily absorb the element. differential centrifugation of leaf, stem, and root homogenates followed by radioassay showed that cd was associated primarily with the 105,000g supernatant. separation of this fraction by gel chromatography and subsequent analysis by radioassays revealed that (109)cd was bound to macromolecules of >50,000, 13,800, and 2,280 molecular weights. the >50,000 and 2,280 molecular weight fractions probably are nonspecific b ...198216662333
effects of sethoxydim on the metabolism of isolated leaf cells of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr].the effects of the herbicide sethoxydim {2-[1-ethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} on selected metabolic processes of enzymatically isolated leaf cells from soybeans [glycine max (l.) merr., cv. "essex"] were studied. photosynthesis, protein, ribonucleic acid (rna), and lipid synthesis were measured by the incorporation of nah(14)co3, [(14)c]leucine, [(14)c]uracil, and [(14)c]acetic acid into the isolated soybean cells, respectively. time-course and concentr ...198224259015
transmission of the monocarpic senescence signal via the xylem in soybean.during monocarpic senescence in soybean (glycine max [l.] merrill cv. anoka) there is a remobilization of nitrogen from the leaves to the seeds, and it has been hypothesized that this loss of nitrogen from the leaves induces foliar yellowing. the phloem in a small segment of the petiole between the pods and the target leaf can be inactivated with a jet of steam. when a plant is depodded except for a single pod cluster in the center of the plant, the pod cluster induces yellowing of the nearest l ...198216662290
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