Publications

resonance raman spectroscopy of nitrile hydratase, a novel iron-sulfur enzyme.	resonance raman spectra of rhodococcus sp. r312 (formerly brevibacterium sp. r312) nitrile hydratase, a novel non-heme iron enzyme, have a large number of peaks in the 300-500 cm-1 region; observation of shifts in these peaks after labeling with 34s shows that they arise from cysteine coordinated to the ferric ion in the protein. the rich raman spectra result from coupling of the fe-s stretch with cysteine side chain deformation modes; the observation of 15n isotope shifts in most of these peaks ...	1996	8756469
x-ray spectroscopy of nitrile hydratase at ph 7 and 9.	the iron k-edge x-ray absorption spectrum of rhodococcus sp. r312 (formerly brevibacterium sp. r312) nitrile hydratase in frozen solutions at ph 7 and 9 has been analyzed to determine details of the iron coordination. exafs analysis implies two or three sulfur ligands per iron and overall six coordination; together with previous epr and endor results, this implies an n3s2o ligation sphere. the bond lengths from exafs analysis [rav(fe-s) = 2.21 a at ph 7.3; rav(fe-n/o) = 1.99 a] support cis coord ...	1996	8756470
identification and functional differentiation of two type i fatty acid synthases in brevibacterium ammoniagenes.	the fatty acid synthase (fas) from brevibacterium ammoniagenes is a homohexameric multienzyme complex that catalyzes the synthesis of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. by immunological screening of a b. ammoniagenes expression library, an fas dna fragment was isolated and subsequently used to clone the entire gene together with its flanking sequences. within 10,525 bp of sequenced dna, the 9,189-bp fas coding region was identified, corresponding to a protein of 3,063 amino acids with a ...	1996	8759839
genomic organization of purk and pure in brevibacterium ammoniagenes atcc 6872: pure locus provides a clue for genomic evolution.	from the genomic library of brevibacterium ammoniagenes atcc6872, the pure locus encoding 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole (air) carboxylase (ec 4.1.1.21) was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. from the sequence analysis, two distinct open reading frames (orfs) in the sequence of the pure locus were identified as purk and pure genes (purk-pure). an in vivo translation experiment reconfirmed the purk and pure genes to be independent. the genomic organization in the pure locus of ...	1996	8998996
molecular cloning of the corynebacterium glutamicum ('brevibacterium lactofermentum' aj12036) odha gene encoding a novel type of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase.	the corynebacterium glutamicum ('brevibacterium lactofermentum' aj12036) odha gene, encoding 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (e1o subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex), has been isolated and identified as an homologous counterpart of the escherichia coll suca and bacillus subtilis odha genes. the nucleotide sequence of a 4394 bp chromosomal fragment containing the c. glutamicum odha gene was determined. the odha gene comprised 3771 bp (1257 codons, including the initiation codon) and ...	1996	9004499
construction of l-lysine-overproducing strains of brevibacterium lactofermentum by targeted disruption of the hom and thrb genes.	the mobilization of plasmids from gram-negative escherichia coli to gram-positive brevibacterium lactofermentum, mediated by p-type transfer functions, was used to construct disrupted mutants blocked specifically in the homoserine branch of the aspartate pathway. the mutant strain b. lactofermentum r31 showed an efficiency of conjugal transfer two to three orders of magnitude higher than that of the wild-type strain b. lactofermentum atcc 13869. the hom- and thrb-disrupted mutants of b. lactofer ...	1996	9008889
antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of some recently established coryneform bacteria.	the susceptibility patterns of 480 isolates representing six recently defined species of coryneform bacteria (corynebacterium amycolatum [n = 101], corynebacterium auris [n = 48], corynebacterium glucuronolyticum [n = 86], brevibacterium casei [n = 50], dermabacter hominis [n = 49], and turicella otitidis [n = 146]) to 17 antimicrobial agents were determined by an agar dilution method. most significantly, for c. amycolatum strains the mics at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were > or = 32 mi ...	1996	9124857
[microflora of the air in sawmills as a potential occupational hazard: concentration and composition of microflora and immunologic reactivity of workers to microbial aeroallergens].	microbiologial studies of the air and allergological examinations of the workers were performed in two sawmills processing deciduous wood (mainly oak) and in one sawmill processing coniferous wood (mainly pine). the concentration of microorganisms in the air was of the order 10(3)-10(4) cfu/m3. the most common organisms were corynebacteria (arthrobacter, corynebacterium, brevibacterium, microbacterium), spore-forming bacilli (bacillus), gram-negative bacteria (rahnella) and filamentous fungi (as ...	1996	9190234
[microflora of the in furniture factors as a potential occupational hazard: concentration and composition of microflora and immunologic reactivity of workers to microbial aeroallergens].	microbiologial studies of the air were performed in two furniture factories. the concentration of microorganisms in the air was low, being of the order 10(3) cfu/m3. the most common organisms were corynebacteria (arthrobacter, corynebacterium, brevibacterium, microbacterium) and fungi (aspergillus fumigatus, rhodotorula rubra). some of the species found in this environment possess known allergenic properties. allergological examinations of the workers with environmental aeroallergens have been p ...	1996	9190236
multiple sigma factor genes in brevibacterium lactofermentum: characterization of siga and sigb.	four rpod hybridizing signals have been identified in the chromosome of brevibacterium lactofermentum. two rpod-like genes, siga and sigb, have been cloned and sequenced, and they encode principal sigma factors of the rna polymerase. the deduced amino acid sequences of siga and sigb showed very high similarities to those of mycobacterium smegmatis mysa and mysb proteins, respectively, and also to those of hrdb proteins from different streptomyces species. siga and sigb maintain the conserved mot ...	1996	8550480
specificity of an extracellular proteinase from brevibacterium linens atcc 9174 on bovine alpha s1-casein.	the specificity of the extracellular proteinase from brevibacterium linens atcc 9174 on bovine alpha s1-casein was studied. hydrolysis was monitored over time by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and urea-page. the major ph 4.6-soluble peptides were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by n-terminal amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry. the time course of peptide formation indicated that his-8-gln-9, ser-161-gly-162, and either g ...	1996	8593051
genetic characterization of site-specific integration functions of phi aau2 infecting "arthrobacter aureus" c70.	all the essential genetic determinants for site-specific integration of corynephage phi aau2 are contained within a 1,756-bp dna fragment, carried on the integrative plasmid p5510, and are shown to be functional in escherichia coli. one open reading frame, orf4, encoding a protein of 266 amino acids was shown to represent the phi aau2 integrase. the nucleotide sequence of the phi aau2 attachment site, attp, and the attb, attl, and attr sequences in the host "arthrobacter aureus" c70 were determi ...	1996	8606175
cloning and characterization of an is-like element present in the genome of brevibacterium lactofermentum atcc 13869.	a repetitive dna element of the gram+ brevibacterium lactofermentum (bl), cloned by a modification of the subtractive hybridization method, contained a 1.4-kb is-like element, is13869, which included an open reading frame (orf) inside a perfect 26-bp terminal inverted repeat (tir). an 8-bp direct repeat (dr) was found outside each tir. the orf encoded a deduced protein of 436 amino acids (49 380 da) with extensive similarity to other known transposases of insertion elements of mycobacterium smeg ...	1996	8621097
homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase from brevibacterium fuscum. a dioxygenase with catalase activity.	homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase (2,3-hpcd) cleaves the aromatic ring of its substrate with insertion of both atoms of oxygen from o2 to form alpha-hydroxy- delta-carboxymethyl cis-muconic semialdehyde. the enzyme has been purified from the gram-positive bacterium brevibacterium fuscum and characterized. the enzyme appears to have a range of quaternary structures with predominant components of alpha4 and alpha6 (alpha subunit mr = 42500 +/- 1500) and binds approximately 1 fe(ii)/subunit. alth ...	1996	8621411
the purification and characterisation of flavin adenine dinucleotide phosphohydrolase from brevibacterium ammoniagenes.		1996	8674672
construction and characterization of new corynebacterial plasmids carrying the alpha-amylase gene.	novel corynebacterial plasmids carrying alpha-amylase gene from bacillus have been constructed. the level of alpha-amylase expression depends on the size of the vector. the highest expression levels were measured in brevibacteria harboring pa61 plasmid.	1996	9090819
temperature-sensitive mutants of corynebacterium ammoniagenes atcc 6872 with a defective large subunit of the manganese-containing ribonucleotide reductase.	chemical mutagenesis of the nucleotide-producing strain corynebacterium ammoniagenes atcc 6872 with n-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine followed by an enrichment protocol yielded 46 temperature-sensitive (ts) clones. a rapid assay for the allosterically regulated mn-ribonucleotide reductase (rrase) was developed with nucleotide-permeable cells of c. ammoniagenes in order to screen for possible defects in dna precursor biosynthesis at elevated temperature. three mutants (ch 31, ch 32, and ch 33) ...	1997	9094230
brevibacterium iodinum peritonitis associated with acute urticaria in a capd patient.		1997	9655165
identification of an acetolactate synthase small subunit gene in two eukaryotes.	acetolactate synthase catalyses the first step in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. the bacterial enzyme contains two large and two small subunits but there is only limited and circumstantial evidence for a small subunit in the eukaryotic enzyme. here this evidence is summarised and protein sequences of two putative eukaryotic small subunits, from a yeast and a red alga, are presented.	1997	9197540
broviac catheter-related bacteraemias due to unusual pathogens in children with cancer: case reports with literature review.	among 102 episodes of intravenous catheter related bacteraemias documented between january 1989 and july 1996 in children receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation at g. gaslini children's hospital, genoa, italy, were identified seven episodes due to unusual pathogens: bacillus circulans, bacillus licheniformis, brevibacterium casei, flavimonas oryzihabitans, porphyromonas asaccharolytica, comamonas acidovorans and agrobacterium radiobacter. susceptibility to different ...	1997	9200028
analysis of biotin biosynthesis pathway in coryneform bacteria: brevibacterium flavum.		1997	9211286
the biotransformation of t-butylacetonitrile and its boron-containing analogue trimethylamine-cyanoborane by brevibacterium r312.	the ability of the nitrile hydratase/amidase system from brevibacterium r312 to biotransform tert-butylacetonitrile was studied with a view to their utilisation in the production of novel amino acids from isostructural compounds. brevibacterium r312 was able to transform nitriles with this structure; however, the wide spectrum amidase from this organism was unable to biotransform the corresponding amide to the carboxylic acid.	1997	9238109
cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the ftsz gene from coryneform bacteria.	taking advantage of highly conserved domains present in the ftsz genes from escherichia coli, rhizobium meliloti, and bacillus subtilis, we designed degenerate oligonucleotides (oligos) corresponding to these regions. these oligos were used as primers in pcr in order to amplify dna sequences from brevibacterium flavum mj233 chromosomal dna. the pcr product was used as a probe to recover genomic fragments from a lambda library of br. flavum mj233. the complete nucleotide sequence (nt) of the clon ...	1997	9240446
microbiological composition of raw milk from selected farms in the camembert region of normandy.	raw milk from 27 farms was sampled over 6 months for listerias, salmonellas, yersinia enterocolitica and campylobacters. total bacterial counts and somatic cell counts were measured. lactococci, lactobacilli, dextran-producing leuconostocs, brevibacterium linens, yeasts and moulds, staphylococcus aureus and other micrococcaceae, pseudomonas, coliforms, escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens and spores of anaerobic lactate-fermenting bacteria were also counted. pseudomonas (2000 c ...	1997	9246770
heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of two functionally different type i fatty acid synthases from brevibacterium ammoniagenes.	the coryneform bacterium, brevibacterium ammoniagenes, contains two structurally related but functionally differentiated type i fatty acid synthases, fas-a and fas-b. isolation of homogeneous preparations of both enzymes was achieved by constructing specific fasa and fasb expression systems. in b. ammoniagenes, insertional mutagenesis of fasb allowed the specific production of enzymatically active fas-a. the corresponding fasa mutant was not suited for fas-b purification as the level of this enz ...	1997	9249036
genetic identification of members of the genus corynebacterium at genus and species levels with 16s rdna-targeted probes.	16s rrna gene-targeted probes were designed for the identification of corynebacteria at the genus and species levels. the genus-specific probe hybridized all clinically important members of the genus corynebacterium and could distinguish them from other coryneform bacteria and phylogenetically related high g+c% gram-positive bacteria, including actinomyces, rhodococcus, gordona, nocardia, streptomyces, brevibacterium and mycobacterium. the species-specific probes for c. jeikeium and c. diphtheri ...	1997	9251056
transcriptional analysis of the siga and sigb genes of brevibacterium lactofermentum.	transcription of the siga and sigb genes of brevibacterium lactofermentum, encoding the principal sigma factors of rna polymerase, has been investigated by northern blot and primer extension analysis. northern hybridizations revealed that siga is transcribed as a monocistronic mrna of 1.7 kb and sigb gives two transcripts of 1.1 and 1.5 kb. similar transcription patterns of siga and sigb genes in nutrient-rich medium were observed; transcripts of both genes occurred simultaneously throughout the ...	1997	9252580
relationship between the glutamate production and the activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in brevibacterium lactofermentum.	enzyme activities of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and glutamate dehydrogenase of wild type brevibacterium lactofermentum, one of the typical glutamate-producing coryneform bacteria, were investigated by using cells cultured under glutamate-productive and glutamate-non-productive conditions. significant reduction of the former enzyme activity was observed in the cells under the several glutamate-productive conditions, namely, in the cells cultured in media containing a) limited concentrat ...	1997	9255973
antibacterial and hemolytic activities of linenscin oc2, a hydrophobic substance produced by brevibacterium linens oc2.	linenscin oc2 is an antibacterial substance produced by the orange cheese coryneform bacterium brevibacterium linens oc2. it inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria but it is inactive against gram-negative bacteria. the intact outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria was shown to be an effective permeability barrier against linenscin oc2. at high dosage the effect of linenscin oc2 was bacteriolytic on listeria innocua. bacteriostasis was observed at low dosage and peptidoglycan biosynthesi ...	1997	9271855
cryptic plasmid pka22 isolated from the naphthalene degrading derivative of rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb13064.	cryptic plasmids were found in rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb13064 derivatives which had lost the ability to utilize short-chain 1-chloroalkanes (chain length c3-c10) and had acquired the ability to degrade naphthalene. the reversions of these derivatives to the original phenotype were accompanied by the loss of the cryptic plasmids. the 4969-bp pka22 plasmid was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. this plasmid encodes a putative 33,200-da protein which contains motifs typical of theta repl ...	1997	9281496
crystal structure and resonance raman studies of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase complexed with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate.	the crystal structure of the anaerobic complex of pseudomonas putida protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (3,4-pcd) bound with the alternative substrate, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate (hpca), is reported at 2.4 a resolution and refined to an r factor of 0.17. formation of the active site fe(iii).hpca chelated complex causes the endogenous axial tyrosinate, tyr447 (147beta), to dissociate from the iron and rotate into an alternative orientation analogous to that previously observed in the anaerobic 3,4-p ...	1997	9298971
identification, isolation and biochemical characterization of a phosphopantetheine:protein transferase that activates the two type-i fatty acid synthases of brevibacterium ammoniagenes.	upon heterologous expression of the brevibacterium ammoniagenes type-i fatty acid synthase fas-a in escherichia coli, only the pantetheine-free apoenzyme is synthesized. activation of fas-a to its holoform was achieved by transformation with a second b. ammoniagenes gene, ppt1, encoding a type-i fas-specific phosphopantetheine transferase. ppt1 was identified as a coding sequence located immediately downstream of the second fas gene present on the b. ammoniagenes genome, fasb. due to this linkag ...	1997	9346306
structural analysis of the 6 kb cryptic plasmid pfaj2600 from rhodococcus erythropolis ni86/21 and construction of escherichia coli-rhodococcus shuttle vectors.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the 5936 bp cryptic plasmid pfaj2600 from rhodococcus erythropolis ni86/21 was determined. based on the characteristics of its putative replication genes, repa and repb, pfaj2600 was assigned to the family of pal5000-related small replicons identified in mycobacterium (pal5000), corynebacterium (pxz10142), brevibacterium (prbl1), bifidobacterium (pmb1) and neisseria (pjd1). the replication systems of these plasmids show striking similarities to the ones used b ...	1997	9353918
characterization of guanosine kinase from brevibacterium acetylicum atcc 953.	guanosine kinase (gkase) activity was identified in a cell-free extract of brevibacterium acetylicum atcc 953. we have purified the enzyme 4000-fold from the cell-free extract to apparent homogeneity. molecular weight of 71,300 and 36,300 determined by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, respectively, revealed that the enzyme is a dimer molecule. maximum activity of the gkase was attained when the magnesium/atp concentration ratio was close to 1. the gkase activity was ...	1997	9357959
sequence analysis of functional regions of homoserine dehydrogenase genes from l-lysine and l-threonine-producing mutants of brevibacterium lactofermentum.	the homoserine dehydrogenase (hd) genes from brevibacterium lactofermentum lysine- and threonine-producing mutants were cloned, using the polymerase chain reaction, and sequenced. we found the amino acid substitutions, val104ile in the lysine-producing mutants in which hd may cause leaky mutation and ser393phe in the threonine-producing mutant with feedback-insensitive hd.	1997	9362124
cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding elongation factor p in the amino-acid producer brevibacterium lactofermentum (corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13869).	the brevibacterium lactofermentum ef-p gene, encoding the elongation factor protein p, was cloned and sequenced. according to dna sequence analysis of this gene, the b. lactofermentum ef-p protein consists of 187 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 20,584. southern hybridization of an internal fragment of the ef-p gene from b. lactofermentum with chromosomal dnas from different microorganisms reveals that it is a unique gene product in b. lactofermentum and corynebacterium glutamic ...	1997	9370284
molecular cloning and transcriptional analysis of a guanosine kinase gene of brevibacterium acetylicum atcc 953.	the brevibacterium acetylicum gsk gene, which encodes guanosine kinase (atp:guanosine 5'-phosphotransferase), a kinase that is involved in guanosine salvage pathways, has been cloned by using the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein. the cloned chromosomal fragment containing the gsk gene was sequenced and shown to encode a polypeptide of 303 amino acids with a molecular mass of 32,536 da, which is in good agreement with the measured molecular weight of the purified enzyme. rec ...	1997	9371440
one- and two-dimensional eseem spectroscopy of flavoproteins.	one- and two-dimensional (1d and 2d) electron spin echo envelope modulation (eseem) spectroscopy was applied to study the flavin cofactors in the neutral semiquinone states of flavodoxin and ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase (fnr) from the cyanobacterium anabaena pcc 7119, and the anionic semiquinone state of cholesterol oxidase from brevibacterium sterolicum. high-resolution crystal structures are available for all these proteins. three- and 4-pulse eseem and hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscop ...	1997	9398281
growth reduction of listeria spp. caused by undefined industrial red smear cheese cultures and bacteriocin-producing brevibacterium lines as evaluated in situ on soft cheese.	the undefined microbial floras derived from the surface of ripe cheese which are used for the ripening of commercial red smear cheeses have a strong impact on the growth of listeria spp. in some cases, these microbial consortia inhibit listeria almost completely. from such undefined industrial cheese-ripening floras, linocin m18-producing (lin+) (n. valdés-stauber and s. scherer, appl. environ. microbiol. 60:3809-3814, 1994) and -nonproducing brevibacterium linens strains were isolated and used ...	1997	9406400
characterization of cholesterol oxidase from streptomyces hygroscopicus and brevibacterium sterolicum.	the fad-containing enzyme cholesterol oxidase catalyzes the oxidation and isomerization of 3beta-hydroxysteroids having a trans double bond at delta5-delta6 of the steroid ring backbone to the corresponding delta4-3-ketosteroid. two representative enzymes of this family, namely cholesterol oxidase from streptomyces hygroscopicus (sco) and the recombinant enzyme from brevibacterium sterolicum (bco) expressed in escherichia coli, have been characterized herein in their chemical, physical, and bioc ...	1997	9428686
a dtsr gene-disrupted mutant of brevibacterium lactofermentum requires fatty acids for growth and efficiently produces l-glutamate in the presence of an excess of biotin.	a dtsr gene encoding a homolog of the beta subunit of some biotin-containing enzymes suppresses a detergent-sensitive mutation of brevibacterium lactofermentum (e. kimura et al., 1996, biosci. biotech. biochem. 60, 1565-1570), which has been used for the fermentative production of l-glutamate. when the dtsr gene was disrupted, the organism exhibited strict fatty acid auxotrophy; oleate or oleate ester, but not palmitate ester or stearate ester, supported the growth of the delta dtsr mutant. immu ...	1997	9168981
specificity of an extracellular proteinase from brevibacterium linens atcc 9174 on bovine beta-casein.	the specificity of the extracellular proteinase from brevibacterium linens atcc 9174 on bovine beta-casein was studied. hydrolysis was monitored over time by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and urea-page. the major ph 4.6-soluble peptides were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by n-terminal amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry. the major sites of hydrolysis were ser-18-ser-19, glu-20-glu-21, gln-56-ser-57, gln-72-asn-73, leu ...	1997	9172371
cloning, overexpression, and mutagenesis of the gene for homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase from brevibacterium fuscum.	homoprotocatechuate (hpca, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate) is a central intermediate for the bacterial degradation of aromatic compounds. homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase (hpcd) catalyzes the key ring cleavage step in the metabolism of hpca by the gram (+) bacterium brevibacterium fuscum to yield alpha-hydroxy-delta-carboxymethyl cis-muconic semialdehyde. a genomic dna library of b. fuscum was constructed in escherichia coli using a cosmid vector and screened by spraying the cells with hpca. one ...	1997	9179284
the brevibacterium albidum gene encoding the arginine trnaccg complements the growth defect of an escherichia coli strain carrying a thermosensitive mutation in the rnpa gene at the nonpermissive temperature.	the escherichia coli rnpa gene encodes c5 protein, the protein component of rnase p. the rnpa49 mutation renders the c5 protein thermosensitive, which results in thermosensitivity of rnase p function. the chromosomal dna region from brevibacterium albidum that complements the rnpa49 mutation was analysed. the gene capable of complementing the growth defect of an rnpa49 mutant strain at nonpermissive temperature was identified as the gene for an arginine trna with anticodon ccg by a deletion anal ...	1997	9180701
a direct stereoselective synthesis of 7 beta-hydroxytestosterone.	although 7 beta-hydroxytestosterone is a known product of hepatic androgen metabolism, there are no published methods for its chemical synthesis except from the equally difficult to obtain 7 beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione. we found that several seemingly straightforward routes for its synthesis failed. consequently, we tried to produce 7 beta-hydroxytestosterone by enzymatic oxidation of 5-androstene-3 beta, 7 beta, 17 beta-triol with cholesterol oxidase (brevibacterium sp.), a procedure p ...	1997	9185296
effects of an escherichia coli ilva mutant gene encoding feedback-resistant threonine deaminase on l-isoleucine production by brevibacterium flavum.	a mutated ilva gene of escherichia coli encoding a threonine deaminase that is resistant to feedback inhibition by l-isoleucine was obtained. it was functional in brevibacterium flavum, and a wild strain of b. flavum into which it was introduced became able to convert exogeneous l-homoserine and l-threonine to l-isoleucine. when it was introduced into a l-threonine-producing b. flavum strain, the transformant accumulated 20 g/liter l-isoleucine from 100 g/liter glucose.	1997	9028039
identification of yeasts and coryneform bacteria from the surface microflora of brick cheeses.	coryneform bacteria and yeasts of 21 brick cheeses from six german dairies, produced by using undefined ripening cultures, were identified. arthrobacter nicotianae, brevibacterium linens, corynebacterium ammoniagenes, corynebacterium variabilis and rhodococcus fascians were found in significant numbers. out of 148 coryneform isolates 36 could not be identified at the species level. with the exception of a large rennet cheese, the coryneform microflora of rennet and acid cured cheeses were simila ...	1997	9039559
reclassification of "bacillus pulvifaciens" group ii as brevibacillus agri.	organisms formerly identified as strains of paenibacillus pulvifaciens group ii were reclassified as members of the species brevibacillus agri. the reclassification was based on phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences from selected bacillaceae. the analysis strongly supported placement of group ii strains in the genus brevibacillus. high dna relatedness of 87-100% and close phenotypic similarity demonstrated that group ii strains were members of the species brevibacillus agri.	1997	9058544
molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of biof (7-keto-8-amino pelargonic acid synthetase), bioc and biod (dethiobiotin synthetase) genes of erwinia herbicola.	the biotin operon of erwinia herbicola eho 10 was cloned and characterized by complementation of e. coli biotin mutants. the operon was found to contain five genes arranged in the order, bioabfcd. the nucleotide sequences of biof (7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthetase), bioc and biod (dethiobiotin synthetase) were determined and analyzed. the nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences of biofcd were compared with the corresponding sequences from escherichia coli, bacillus sphaericu ...	1997	9063571
site-directed mutagenesis of the aspartokinase gene lysc and its characterization in brevibacterium flavum.	using overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (pcr), five transformants of escherichia coli containing site-directed mutagenized lysc beta gene were generated and analysed. exchange of c to a and c to t at nucleotide 1118 of the mutated lysc beta gene causes a substitution of serine301 in the wild-type enzyme for tyrosine301 and phenylalanine301 in the mutant enzymes, respectively. enzyme assays showed that brevibacterium flavum cells harbouring psumn18 with mutated lysc beta genes exhibited ...	1997	9080702
electron spin echo envelope modulation studies of the semiquinone anion radical of cholesterol oxidase from brevibacterium sterolicum.	the electron spin echo envelope modulation (eseem) technique of pulsed epr spectroscopy was applied to the anionic semiquinone of the cholesterol oxidase flavin cofactor, formed when the enzyme was photoreduced in the presence of 5-deazariboflavin and edta. fourier transforms of the three-pulse eseem spectra showed the presence of 14n nuclei magnetically coupled to the paramagnet. in 2h2o buffer the surroundings of the flavin ring were shown to be accessible to solvent exchange, with a deuterium ...	1997	9001407
clinical microbiology of coryneform bacteria.	coryneform bacteria are aerobically growing, asporogenous, non-partially-acid-fast, gram-positive rods of irregular morphology. within the last few years, there has been a massive increase in the number of publications related to all aspects of their clinical microbiology. clinical microbiologists are often confronted with making identifications within this heterogeneous group as well as with considerations of the clinical significance of such isolates. this review provides comprehensive informa ...	1997	8993861
evaluation of the rapid cb plus system for identification of corynebacterium species and other gram-positive rods.	due to the difficulty of identifying corynebacterium spp. with standard methods, we compared them with the rapid cb plus system (remel, lenexa, kans. [formerly innovative diagnostic systems, norcross, ga.]), which consists of 4 carbohydrate and 14 preformed enzyme tests, for the identification of 98 clinical isolates of corynebacterium sp., other coryneforms, listeria monocytogenes, and 17 atcc strains. forty (95%) of 42 strains of corynebacterium spp. were accurately identified to the species l ...	1998	9466773
purification and characterization of the 2-ketoaldonate reductase from brevibacterium ketosoreductum atcc21914.	2-ketoaldonate reductase, which is involved in ketogluconate catabolism, was purified to homogeneity from brevibacterium ketosoreductum atcc21914. the enzyme was found to catalyze the reduction of 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate to 5-keto-d-gluconate, and to a lesser extent, 2-keto-d-gluconate to d-gluconate, and 2-keto-l-gluconate to l-idonate. the molecular mass of the reductase was 35 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 72 kda by gel filtration, indicating that the nat ...	1998	9501529
glucose oxidase from penicillium amagasakiense. primary structure and comparison with other glucose-methanol-choline (gmc) oxidoreductases.	the complete amino acid sequence of glucose oxidase from penicillium amagasakiense was determined by edman degradation and mass spectrometry of peptide fragments derived from three different specific proteolytic digests and a cyanogen bromide cleavage. the complete sequence of each monomer comprises 587 amino acid residues, contains three cysteine residues, and seven potential n-glycosylation sites, of which at least five were confirmed to be glycosylated. glucose oxidase from p. amagasakiense s ...	1998	9523716
increased expression of brevibacterium sterolicum cholesterol oxidase in escherichia coli by genetic modification.	to improve expression of brevibacterium sterolicum cholesterol oxidase in escherichia coli, we utilized the t7lac promoter and modified the gene to encode the first 21 amino acids with high-expression e. coli codons. these changes resulted in a 60-fold improvement of expression level. n-terminal sequencing revealed that the e. coli produced cholesterol oxidase signal peptide is cleaved 6 amino acids closer to the n-terminus than in b. sterolicum. the recombinant e. coli produced protein is compo ...	1998	9535702
assessment of the role of an omega loop of cholesterol oxidase: a truncated loop mutant has altered substrate specificity.	the function of an active site loop (70-90) of cholesterol oxidase has been ascertained by deleting five contiguous residues (79-83) from the tip of the loop. from the crystal structure of the wild-type enzyme, it appears that this truncation will not significantly perturb the structure of the rest of the enzyme. the uv/vis and cd spectra of the mutant confirm that the enzyme is properly folded with fad bound. the mutant enzyme still transfers 2h from the 4beta-carbon of the intermediate, choles ...	1998	9548964
histamine and tyramine degradation by food fermenting microorganisms.	microorganisms suitable for food fermentation were examined with regard to their potential to degrade histamine and tyramine. out of 64 lactic acid bacteria evaluated in this study, 27 degraded histamine and one tyramine, respectively, with low activity. among 32 strains of brevibacterium linens and coryneform bacteria, 21 exhibited histamine and tyramine oxidase activity. none of 20 strains of staphylococcus carnosus tested degraded histamine or tyramine. one strain out of nine strains of geotr ...	1998	9562873
identification and characterization of a 29-kilodalton protein from mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate recognized by mouse memory effector cells.	culture filtrate proteins from mycobacterium tuberculosis induce protective immunity in various animal models of tuberculosis. two molecular mass regions (6 to 10 kda and 24 to 36 kda) of short-term culture filtrate are preferentially recognized by th1 cells in animal models as well as by patients with minimal disease. in the present study, the 24- to 36-kda region has been studied, and the t-cell reactivity has been mapped in detail. monoclonal antibodies were generated, and one monoclonal anti ...	1998	9596740
a divalent metal site in the small subunit of the manganese-dependent ribonucleotide reductase of corynebacterium ammoniagenes.	based on its metallo-cofactor, the manganese-dependent ribonucleotide reductase (mn-rrase) responsible for delivery of dna precursors in the mn-requiring gram-positive bacterium corynebacterium (formerly brevibacterium) ammoniagenes atcc 6872 is no longer considered as a simple analogue of the aerobic fe-rrase of escherichia coli but as the prototype of the class iv enzymes (1). deliberate dissociation of the mn-rrase holoenzyme and an improved sample preparation of the dimeric ca2 protein allow ...	1998	9609691
[novel site-specific endonucleases from brevibacterium species].	new site-specific endonucleases becai and becaii have been detected in brevibacterium species a. endonuclease becaii free from contaminating nonspecific endonucleases, exonucleases, and phosphatases was isolated by column chromatography on phosphocellulose, heparin sepharose, and dna cellulose. it recognizes and cleaves the 5'-gg decreases cc-3' sequence and is a true isoschizomer of haeiii restriction enzyme. the other restriction endonuclease, becai, cleaves ad2 dna at least by 2 sites but not ...	1998	9611761
new shuttle vectors for rhodococcus sp. r312 (formerly brevibacterium sp. r312), a nitrile hydratase producing strain.	two shuttle vectors named prc52 (10.7 kb) and prk52 (12.2 kb) carrying chloramphenicol (cm) and chloramphenicol plus kanamycin (km) resistance genes, respectively, were constructed by fusion of a cryptic plasmid pbl13869 (replicon pbl1, 5.8 kb) from brevibacterium lactofermentum atcc13869 with pbr328 e. coli plasmid. transformation of rhodococcus sp. r312 (formerly brevibacterium sp. r312) protoplasts was realised with an efficiency of 28 transformants per micrograms of dna.	1998	9637010
degradation of histamine and tyramine by brevibacterium linens during surface ripening of munster cheese.	red smear formation during fermentation of munster cheese was started by using three different strains of brevibacterium linens as surface inocula. the cheeses were produced with and without supplementation of histamine and tyramine. after smearing the cheese surface for the first time with b. linens viable counts of 10(7) cfu/g were detected. at the end of the logarithmic growth phase cell numbers increased to 10(10) cfu/g and remained constant during the whole ripening period. during a 4-week ...	1998	9678172
a novel phosphopantetheine:protein transferase activating yeast mitochondrial acyl carrier protein.	in saccharomyces cerevisiae, the low molecular weight acyl carrier protein (acp) of mitochondrial type ii fatty acid synthase (fas) and the cytoplasmic type i fas multienzyme contain 4'-phosphopantetheine as a prosthetic group. sequence alignment studies with the recently isolated phosphopantetheine:protein transferase (pptase), ppt1p, from brevibacterium ammoniagenes revealed the yeast open reading frame, ypl148c, as a potential pptase gene (25% identical and 43% conserved amino acids). in acco ...	1998	9712852
microbial communities of printing paper machines.	the microbial content of printing paper machines, running at a temperature of 45-50 degrees c and at ph 4.5-5, was studied. bacteria were prevalent colonizers of the machine wet end and the raw materials. a total of 390 strains of aerobic bacteria were isolated and 86% of these were identified to genus and species by biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic methods. the most common bacteria found at the machine wet end were bacillus coagulans and other bacillus species, burkholderia cepacia, ...	1998	9717292
conversion of methionine to thiols by lactococci, lactobacilli, and brevibacteria	methanethiol has been strongly associated with desirable cheddar cheese flavor and can be formed from the degradation of methionine (met) via a number of microbial enzymes. methionine gamma-lyase is thought to play a major role in the catabolism of met and generation of methanethiol in several species of bacteria. other enzymes that have been reported to be capable of producing methanethiol from met in lactic acid bacteria include cystathionine beta-lyase and cystathionine gamma-lyase. the objec ...	1998	9726877
purification and characterization of l-methionine gamma-lyase from brevibacterium linens bl2	l-methionine gamma-lyase (ec 4.4.1.11) was purified to homogeneity from brevibacterium linens bl2, a coryneform bacterium which has been used successfully as an adjunct bacterium to improve the flavor of cheddar cheese. the enzyme catalyzes the alpha,gamma elimination of methionine to produce methanethiol, alpha-ketobutyrate, and ammonia. it is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, with a native molecular mass of approximately 170 kda, consisting of four identical subunits of 43 kda each. the ...	1998	9726878
mode of action of linenscin oc2 against listeria innocua.	linenscin oc2 is a small hydrophobic substance produced by the orange cheese coryneform bacterium brevibacterium linens oc2. linenscin oc2 inhibits growth of gram-negative bacteria with an altered outer membrane permeability and gram-positive bacteria. it is also able to lyse eucaryotic cells. the mode of action of linenscin oc2 on the listeria innocua cytoplasmic membrane and the effects of environmental parameters were investigated. addition of low doses of linenscin oc2 resulted in an immedia ...	1998	9726891
identification, characterization, and chromosomal organization of the ftsz gene from brevibacterium lactofermentum.	the ftsz gene was cloned from the chromosomal dna of brevibacterium lactofermentum by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using two oligonucleotides designed from two conserved regions found in most of the previously cloned and sequenced ftsz genes from other microorganisms. ftsz is a single-copy gene in corynebacteria and is located downstream from ftsq and murc, indicating linkage between genes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis (mur genes) and genes involved in cell division (fts genes). the ...	1998	9738885
intracellular changes in ions and organic solutes in halotolerant brevibacterium sp. strain jcm 6894 after exposure to hyperosmotic shock	in the present study we aimed to observe the intracellular responses when there was a hyperosmotic shock with a large shift in ionic strength in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor external environments in order to clarify the availability of substrates. to do this, we used the halotolerant organism brevibacterium sp. strain jcm 6894, which is able to grow in the presence of a wide range of salt concentrations. hyperosmotic shock was induced by transferring cells in the late exponential phase of gro ...	1998	9758779
carnitine acts as a compatible solute in brevibacterium linens.	carnitine is a trimethyl amino acid found at relatively high concentrations in materials of animal origin. exogenously provided l-carnitine was found to stimulate growth of brevibacterium linens atcc 19391 in media with inhibitory osmotic strength. its osmoprotective ability was as potent as that of glycine betaine. electrophoretic and spectroscopic (nmr) analysis showed that this compound is only transiently accumulated, but in significant amounts, by b. linens under hyperosmotic stress and is ...	1998	9766223
pbla8, from brevibacterium linens, belongs to a gram-positive subfamily of cole2-related plasmids.	a 3.1 kb dna fragment from pbla8, a brevibacterium linens cryptic plasmid, containing all the information required for autonomous replication was cloned and sequenced. using deletion analysis, the fragment essential and sufficient for autonomous replication was delimited to 1.5 kb. this fragment is characterized by the presence of an ori site located upstream of an operon encoding two proteins, repa and repb, both essential for replication. based on structural similarities and a strong conservat ...	1998	9802024
molecular characterization of guanosine kinase gene from a facultative alkalophile, exiguobacterium aurantiacum atcc 35652.	guanosine kinase activity was identified in an alkalophile, exiguobacterium aurantiacum atcc 35652, and the gsk gene encoding it was isolated as a homologous fragment of the brevibacterium acetylicum gsk. the cloned chromosomal fragment contained an open reading frame which encodes a polypeptide of 308 amino acids with a molecular mass of 33349 da. the ex. aurantiacum gsk shows strong sequence similarity to b. acetylicum gsk, but possesses five additional amino acids at the c-terminus. an mr 392 ...	1998	9804993
in vitro activities of ketolide hmr 3647, macrolides, and clindamycin against coryneform bacteria.	the in vitro activity of ketolide hmr 3647 against coryneform bacteria isolated from clinical samples was evaluated. except against corynebacterium jeikeium and c. urealyticum, hmr 3647 showed high activity against corynebacterium spp., being more active than 14- and 16-membered macrolides, azithromycin, or clindamycin. hmr 3647 also had high in vitro activity against brevibacterium spp. and listeria monocytogenes.	1998	9835530
single-molecule enzymatic dynamics.	enzymatic turnovers of single cholesterol oxidase molecules were observed in real time by monitoring the emission from the enzyme's fluorescent active site, flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad). statistical analyses of single-molecule trajectories revealed a significant and slow fluctuation in the rate of cholesterol oxidation by fad. the static disorder and dynamic disorder of reaction rates, which are essentially indistinguishable in ensemble-averaged experiments, were determined separately by th ...	1998	9836635
allergic alveolitis among agricultural workers in eastern poland: a study of twenty cases.	the aim of this study was to identify the specific agents which caused extrinsic allergic alveolitis (eaa) in the selected group of 20 agricultural workers from eastern poland. the microbiological analysis of the samples of plant materials or dusts reported by the patients as causing symptoms has been carried out, followed by allergological tests (inhalation challenge, agar-gel precipitation test, inhibition of leukocyte migration, skin test) with extrinsic microbial antigens. it was found that ...	1998	9852490
homomultimeric protease in the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima has structural and amino acid sequence homology to bacteriocins in mesophilic bacteria.	a novel homomultimeric protease (> 669 kda), based on 31 kda subunits, was purified from cell extracts of the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima. this protease exhibits activity toward chymotrypsin and trypsin substrates, optimally at 90 degrees c and ph 7.1, and has a half-life of 36 min at 95 degrees c. transmission electron microscopy established that the protease consists of a large globular assembly which appears circular from the front view. the function of this protease in t. ...	1998	9872409
complementation of the growth defect of an rnpa49 mutant of escherichia coli by overexpression of arginine trna(ccg).	we previously found that overexpression of arginine trna(ccg) from brevibacterium albidum complements the rnpa49 mutation, which is responsible for the thermosensitivity of escherichia coli rnase p function. in this present work, we show that the e. coli homologue trna also complements the same mutation, but other trnas do not. these results suggest that the rnpa49 mutation causes a major cellular defect in an rnase p reaction to generate the mature arginine trna(ccg).	1998	9891848
skin bacteriology and the role of staphylococcus aureus in infection.	many of the staphylococci and coryneforms that inhabit normal human skin do not cause skin disease. amongst the remainder the mechanisms of pathogenicity vary widely. for proteus, pseudomonas and brevibacterium species proteolysis is a major determinant. the precise role of corynebacterium minutissimum in erythrasma and the propionibacteria in acne is not known. staphylococcus aureus, however, produces a wide range of non-specific agents, such as haemolysins and leucocidins as well as highly spe ...	1998	9990407
in situ global method for measurement of oxygen demand and mass transfer.	two aerobic microorganisms, saccharomycopsis lipolytica and brevibacterium lactofermentum, have been used in a study of mass transfer and oxygen uptake from a global perspective, using a closed gas system. oxygen concentrations in the gas and liquid were followed using oxygen electrodes; the results allowed for easy calculation of in situ oxygen transport. the cell yields on oxygen for s. lipolytica and b. lactofermentum were 1.01 and 1.53 g/g, respectively. the mass transfer coefficient was est ...	1998	18576018
reclassification of brevibacterium oxydans (chatelain and second 1966) as microbacterium oxydans comb. nov.	phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses indicate that brevibacterium oxydans is closely related to species of the genus microbacterium, namely microbacterium liquefaciens, microbacterium luteolum and microbacterium saperdae. dna-dna reassociation values of less than 60% between brevibacterium oxydans and these three microbacterium species support the distinctness of this misclassified brevibacterium species, which is reclassified as microbacterium oxydans comb. nov.	1999	10028259
reclassification of brevibacterium incertum (breed 1953) as desemzia incerta gen. nov., comb. nov.	phylogenetic analysis of 16s rdna indicates that brevibacterium incertum is not a member of the genus brevibacterium but related to species of the genus carnobacterium. hence, brevibacterium incertum is not a member of the class actinobacteria but belongs to the phylogenetically defined broad bacillus-lactobacillus cluster. based upon properties that taxonomically clearly distinguishes brevibacterium incertum from species of the phylogenetic sister genus carnobacterium, brevibacterium incertum i ...	1999	10028261
cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the seca gene from coryneform bacteria.	taking advantage of highly conserved domains present in the seca gene from escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, we designed degenerate oligonucleotides (oligos) corresponding to these regions. these oligos were used as primers in pcr in order to amplify dna sequences from brevibacterium flavum mj233 chromosomal dna. the pcr product was used as a probe to recover genomic fragments from a lambda library of br. flavum mj233. the complete nucleotide sequence (nt) of the cloned 5.3-kb ecor1 fragme ...	1999	10084122
a murc gene from coryneform bacteria.	the upstream flanking region of the ftsq and ftsz genes of brevibacterium flavum mj233, which belongs to the coryneform bacteria, was amplified by the inverse polymerase chain reaction method and cloned in escherichia coli. complementation analysis of e. coli mutant with a defective cell-wall synthesis mechanism with the cloned fragment and its dna sequencing indicated the presence of the murc gene, encoding udp-n-acetylmuramate:l-alanine ligase involved in peptidoglycan synthesis, just upstream ...	1999	10091329
crystal structure determination of cholesterol oxidase from streptomyces and structural characterization of key active site mutants.	cholesterol oxidase is a monomeric flavoenzyme which catalyzes the oxidation and isomerization of cholesterol to cholest-4-en-3-one. the enzyme interacts with lipid bilayers in order to bind its steroid substrate. the x-ray structure of the enzyme from brevibacterium sterolicum revealed two loops, comprising residues 78-87 and residues 433-436, which act as a lid over the active site and facilitate binding of the substrate [vrielink et al. (1991) j. mol. biol. 219, 533-554; li et al. (1993) bioc ...	1999	10194345
dust-borne bacteria in animal sheds, schools and children's day care centres.	a total of 316 bacterial strains, including psychrophiles, mesophiles and thermophiles, were isolated and identified from indoor dusts in schools, children's day care centres and animal sheds. several species which had not previously been reported from indoor environments were found: sphingomonas, brevibacterium, nocardiopsis, deinococcus and rhodococcus/gordona. a new psychrophilic actinomycete genus was also found in animal sheds, representing a new undescribed peptidoglycan type and an unusua ...	1999	10212408
structure and organization of the rrnd operon of 'brevibacterium lactofermentum': analysis of the 16s rrna gene.	five rrna operons (rrn) were found by hybridization in the genome of 'brevibacterium lactofermentum' atcc 13869 and corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032. 'b. lactofermentum' dsm 20412 differed from the other corynebacteria tested in showing six hybridizing bamhi bands. two of the rrn operons (rrnd and rrne) were located in a single cosmid. sequencing of the rrnd operon showed that it contains a complete 16s rrna-23s rna-5s rrna gene cluster. phylogenetic studies using the complete 16s rrna sequ ...	1999	10220171
biodegradation of cyclohexylamine by brevibacterium oxydans ih-35a.	a bacterial strain capable of growing on cyclohexylamine (cham) was isolated by using enrichment and isolation techniques. the strain isolated, strain ih-35a, was classified as a member of the genus brevibacterium. the results of growth and enzyme studies are consistent with degradation of cham via cyclohexanone (chnone), 6-hexanolactone, 6-hydroxyhexanoate, and adipate. cell extracts obtained from this strain grown on cham contained cham oxidase, and the model for cham oxidation by this enzyme ...	1999	10224025
isolation and primary characterization of an amidase from rhodococcus rhodochrous.	amidase (ec 3.5.1.4) was purified to homogeneity from rhodococcus rhodochrous m8 using isopropanol fractionation and exchange chromatography on mono q. the isolated amidase consists of four identical subunits with molecular weight 42+/-2 kd. the activity of the enzyme is maximal at 55-60 degrees c and within the ph range 5-8. the amidase from r. rhodochrous m8 is highly sensitive to such sulfhydryl reagents as hg2+ and cu2+. chelators (edta and o-phenanthroline) and serine proteinase inhibitors ...	1999	10231590
a gene (tmpa) for an efflux protein of the transporter family iii from brevibacterium linens oc2, an antibacterial substance-producing strain.	a gene (tmpa) encoding a putative transmembrane protein has been cloned from b. linens oc2, an antibacterial substance-producing strain. the deduced tmpa protein sequence shares similarities to members of the transporter family iii exploiting the transmembrane proton gradient to provide export of toxic compounds such as antiseptics or antibiotics. northern blot analysis indicated that tmpa gene is expressed. length of rna messenger and overlapping of orfs upstream tmpa gene suggested that it mig ...	1999	10341071
aspects of enzymology and biochemical properties of brevibacterium linens relevant to cheese ripening: a review.	brevibacterium linens is a major surface microorganism that is present in the smear of surface-ripened cheeses. the enzymology and biochemical characteristics of b. linens influence the ripening and final characteristics of smear surface-ripened cheeses. proteolytic, peptidolytic, esterolytic, and lipolytic activities, which are of particular importance in the ripening process, are discussed in detail. this review also describes the production of volatile compounds, especially sulfur-containing ...	1999	10342227
actinomycetes in karstic caves of northern spain (altamira and tito bustillo).	a variety of isolation procedures were carried out to study the involvement of bacteria in the colonisation and biodeterioration of spanish caves with paleolithic rock art (altamira and tito bustillo). the applied techniques mainly aimed to isolate heterotrophic bacteria such as streptomycetes, nocardioform and coryneform actinomycetes, and other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the results demonstrated that actinomycetes were the most abundant gram-positive bacteria in the caves. actin ...	1999	10353805
analysis of the bacterial surface ripening flora of german and french smeared cheeses with respect to their anti-listerial potential.	the anti-listerial potential of 19 different french smeared cheese bacterial consortia was analyzed semi-quantitatively. comparison of the total viable cell count to the direct microscopic count yielded no indication that non-culturable bacteria contribute significantly to the undefined, complex ripening floras. from 2613 isolates, 48 showed clear inhibition of one or more listeria monocytogenes strains on solid medium, while only three isolates excreted an anti-listerial, soluble substance when ...	1999	10357277
a new carboxylesterase from brevibacterium linens ifo 12171 responsible for the conversion of 1,4-butanediol diacrylate to 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate: purification, characterization, gene cloning, and gene expression in escherichia coli.	a carboxylesterase that is responsible for conversion of 1,4-butanediol diacrylate (bda) to 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (4hba) was found in brevibacterium lines ifo 12171, and purified to homogeneity. the purified enzyme was active toward a variety of diesters of ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol. the k(m) and kcat of the enzyme for bda were 3.04 mm and 203,000 s-1, respectively. the reaction with the purified enzyme gave 98 mm 4hba from 100 mm bda for 60 min. the enzyme gene was c ...	1999	10361681
plasmids of corynebacteria.	corynebacteria are pleomorphic, asporogenous, gram-positive bacteria. included in this group are nonpathogenic soil corynebacteria, which are widely used for the industrial production of amino acids and detergents, and in biotransformation of steroids. other members of this group are plant and animal pathogens. this review summarizes the current information available about the plasmids of corynebacteria. the emphasis is mainly on the small plasmids, which have been used for construction of vecto ...	1999	10361704
isolation of the muri gene from brevibacterium lactofermentum atcc 13869 encoding d-glutamate racemase.	the muri gene encoding d-glutamate racemase plays an important role in the biosynthesis of d-glutamic acid, an essential component of cell wall peptidoglycan of almost all eubacteria. a dna fragment that could rescue the auxotrophy of d-glutamic acid in the escherichia coli muri mutant strain wm335 was isolated from brevibacterium lactofermentum atcc 13869 belonging to the coryneform bacteria. dna sequencing reveals that it encodes a protein of 284 amino acid residues, which shows a high level o ...	1999	10386367
in-vitro activity of levofloxacin, ofloxacin and d-ofloxacin against coryneform bacteria and listeria monocytogenes.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro activity of levofloxacin, ofloxacin and d-ofloxacin compared with ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and sparfloxacin against coryneform bacteria and listeria monocytogenes isolated from clinical samples. the following organisms (and number of strains) were studied: corynebacterium jeikeium (20), corynebacterium urealyticum (20), corynebacterium minutissimum (20), corynebacterium striatum (20), corynebacterium amycolatum (30), brevibacterium spp. ...	1999	10404334
formation and structure of mixed bacterial communities.	mixed bacterial communities are formed by unrelated bacteria on solid media. mixed bacterial communities on solid media are similar to "classical" colonies and are formed after the growth of a large number of unrelated bacteria simultaneously plated onto a limited area of agar. the morphology of the mixed bacterial communities was similar for different combinations of bacteria and did not change when the bacteria were plated on different media. different bacterial strains form zones of individua ...	1999	10440060
kinetic mechanisms of cholesterol oxidase from streptomyces hygroscopicus and brevibacterium sterolicum.	the kinetic properties of two cholesterol oxidases, one from brevibacterium sterolicum (bco) the other from streptomyces hygroscopicus (sco) were investigated. bco works via a ping-pong mechanism, whereas the catalytic pathway of sco is sequential. the turnover numbers at infinite cholesterol and oxygen concentrations are 202 s-1 and 105 s-1 for sco and bco, respectively. the rates of flavin reduction extrapolated to saturating substrate concentration, under anaerobic conditions, are 235 s-1 for ...	1999	10447682
propeptide of the metalloprotease of brevibacillus brevis 7882 is a strong inhibitor of the mature enzyme.	a metalloprotease gene of brevibacillus brevis (npr) was expressed in escherichia coli in a soluble form as native npr precursor. a significant fraction of the precursor was spontaneously processed, producing the n-terminal propeptide and the mature enzyme. a strong inhibition of the mature npr by its own propeptide in the crude lysate was observed even in the absence of the covalent linkage between them. pure precursor, propeptide and the mature npr were isolated and kinetic parameters of the m ...	1999	10452561