Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| evaluation of a sustained release formulation of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for control of woodland culex mosquitoes. | 1986 | 3507516 | |
| swath width determination for beecomist-applied bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) against anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae in rice fields. | optimum flight path interval of beecomist-applied bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype h-14) (bti) against anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae was determined by assessing the effective swath width in rice fields. droplet sensitive cards, laboratory-reared and naturally occurring populations of larvae were used to monitor aerial treatments 1 day posttreatment. overlapping swaths were necessary to provide high levels of larval reduction. based on tests where flight path intervals were 18 ... | 1986 | 3507523 |
| toxicity in carcasses of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis-killed aedes aegypti larvae against scavenging larvae: implications to bioassay. | 1986 | 3507532 | |
| the inactivation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin by mosquito larvae proteases liberated into the medium. | crystal serine-proteases of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were able to process the 28,000-dalton protein during crystal solubilization. on the other hand, solubilized crystal proteins were degraded during the larvicidal bioassay by the action of serine-proteases liberated by mosquito larvae into the medium, with loss of toxicity. however, proteins in intact crystals were protected from the action of these proteases. this resistance to degradation of crystals partly explains the observation ... | 1986 | 3516151 |
| bacteriophage-resistant mutants of bacillus thuringiensis with decreased virulence in pupae of hyalophora cecropia. | starting from a crystal-negative parental strain of bacillus thuringiensis, we isolated certain bacteriophage-resistant mutants which showed decreased virulence in pupae of the cecropia moth (hyalophora cecropia). these strains (class i mutants) were highly pleiotropic and showed resistance to seven or eight different phages, sensitivity to methicillin, and loss of flagella. they were also more sensitive to cecropia immune hemolymph in vitro. in addition, the export of at least three proteins wa ... | 1986 | 3522544 |
| development of sensitive bacterial tests, exemplified by two mycotoxins. | for a sensitive bacterial test for mycotoxins the cup plate assay, based on growth inhibition, was optimised with bacillus thuringiensis as test strain. bacillus thuringiensis allowed the detection of 1.25 microgram kojic acid. a minimal amount of 12.5 micrograms kojic acid or 1.25 micrograms patulin was detectable by means of pigment suppression with isolated mutants of serratia marcescens, whereas the wild type of this strain was insensitive. | 1986 | 3523832 |
| [chemical mutagenesis and the use of indirect enzymatic criteria for the selection of virulent clones of bacillus thuringiensis]. | the effect of the mutagene nitrosoguanidine (n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine) on the growth of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae st. 69/6 was being studied. it depends on the physiological state of the cells, dose of the mutagene, ph of the culture medium and exposition. nitrosoguanidine was found to have the maximum mutagenic effect on the vegetative cells at ph 6.2 and on the spores at ph 5.6. | 1986 | 3532089 |
| the molecular biology of parasporal crystal body formation in bacillus thuringiensis. | data obtained using several experimental methods (curing, transconjugation, cloning, and hybridization) indicate that crystal protein genes in many subspecies of bt that are toxic to lepidopterans are located on one or more large plasmids; in some subspecies, the gene may be located on the chromosome. detailed mapping has shown that in three plasmids (each from a different strain) the genes are surrounded by multiple copies of two repeated dna elements; the arrangement of these elements is the s ... | 1986 | 3535652 |
| immunological relationships among proteins making up the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystalline toxin. | the immunological relationships among the proteins of the mosquito larvicidal toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis have been investigated by using polyclonal antisera specific for the 28-, 70-, and 135-kilodalton proteins. each of these proteins was immunologically distinct. there was no cross-reaction among the three proteins and the two non-homologous antisera. treatment of toxin proteins with larval gut enzymes for 20 h identified protease-resistant domains at approxima ... | 1986 | 3535673 |
| [effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis h-14 variety in different mosquito breeding grounds in the city of havana and santiago de cuba provinces]. | 1986 | 3550961 | |
| the use of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in the biological control of blackflies in czechoslovakia. | 1986 | 3660829 | |
| selection for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis in field and laboratory populations of the mosquito aedes aegypti. | 1986 | 3701104 | |
| [comparative study of the physicochemical and biological properties of bacillus thuringiensis phages]. | two phages of the polylysogenic bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 1-97 culture differ in the morphology of their particles. a comparative study of their antigenic properties has shown the possibility of cross serological reactions of neutralization with antiphagal sera. the results imply that there is an antigenic relationship between these phages. the data indicate that the nucleic acid component of the both phages is dna. the sensitivity of phage 1-97 a to some physical factors has been ... | 1986 | 3702777 |
| susceptibility of poultry biting lice (mallophaga) to dipel and bacilan (bacillus thuringiensis). | dipel (abbott laboratories, n. chicago, u.s.a.) and bacilan (ppr, wałcz, poland), commercial preparation of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, containing 16,000 iu/mg were tested in vitro on menopon gallinae (l.) and eomenacanthus stramineus (nitzsch). the insects were placed in feathers, in petri plates, and sprayed with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 10% solutions of insecticides. each concentration was tested on a group of 10 insects, in three replications. the viability was observed after 1 ... | 1986 | 3717688 |
| breeding water and mosquito strain as factors influencing susceptibility of culex pipiens l. to bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14. | 1986 | 3722891 | |
| settling of larvicidal material in bacillus thuringiensis israelensis serotype h-14 formulations sprayed on water surface. | 1986 | 3722892 | |
| biochemical and immunological characterization of the cloned crystal toxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | the protein components of the cloned crystal toxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. using an antiserum to the solubilized b. thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal protein as a probe, immunological homology between the crystal protein components of b. thuringiensis var. israelensis and those of the recombinant b. megaterium strain vb131 was tested. the results from this study indicate that the crystal inc ... | 1986 | 3729936 |
| pilot scale production & evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis h-14. | 1986 | 3733200 | |
| bacillus thuringiensis entomocidal protoxin gene sequence and gene product analysis. | a 3778-bp dna sequence of the insecticidal protoxin gene coding sequence and flanking regions from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies berliner 1715 has been determined. the protoxin is composed of 1155 amino acids, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, and has a calculated molecular mass of 130,615 daltons. to determine the dna portion that encodes toxicity, sequential deletions were constructed from the 3' end of the coding region using nuclease bal-31. using these mutants in an insect bioassay, ... | 1986 | 3743328 |
| trichostrongylus colubriformis: isolation and characterization of ovicidal activity from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | bioassay of media fractions from cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis revealed that ovicidal activity for eggs of the ruminant nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis was found in microbial crystals, but was not released into culture medium. the purified delta-endotoxin of b. t. israelensis, composed of two 25 kda proteins, had no effect on nematode eggs. a fraction that had high ovicidal activity for eggs of t. colubriformis was isolated by high performance liquid chromatography fr ... | 1986 | 3743716 |
| new bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated in israel are highly toxic to mosquito larvae. | 1986 | 3745929 | |
| [effect of mineral salts on exotoxin formation and productivity of a bacillus thuringiensis culture]. | the effect of ten mineral salts on the productivity and toxin synthesis was studied in bacillus thuringiensis ipm-1140. exotoxin synthesis was stimulated by zn2+, mn2+ and nh4+ ions as well as by potassium phosphates. the direct correlation between the number of viable spores and the exotoxin accumulation was disordered at extreme salt concentrations. optimal salt concentrations in the yeast-polysaccharide medium were found using the method of a fractional factor experiment, which made it possib ... | 1986 | 3747869 |
| [levels of sensitivity of anopheles gambiae s.l. to traditional insecticides and evaluation of the efficiency of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus]. | 1986 | 3752796 | |
| [effectiveness of using bactoculicde for controlling mosquito larvae in the crimea]. | 1986 | 3754303 | |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies to a crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | ten monoclonal antibodies were produced against a k-1-type crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. eight of the antibodies belong to the immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) subclass, with pi values ranging from 5.5 to 8.6, one could be assigned to the igg2b subclass, and one could be assigned to the igm class. competitive antibody-binding assays and analysis of antibody specificity indicated that the 10 antibodies recognized at least nine distinct antigenic determinants. eight antibodies ... | 1986 | 3759236 |
| development of an improved elisa for antibody detection and use in production of a hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody specific for crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. | 1986 | 3771910 | |
| analysis of mosquito larvicidal potential exhibited by vegetative cells of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | vegetative bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cells (6 x 10(5)/ml) achieved 100% mortality of aedes aegypti larvae within 24 h. this larvicidal potential was localized within the cells; the cell-free supernatants did not kill mosquito larvae. however, they did contain a heat-labile hemolysin which was immunologically distinct from the general cytolytic (hemolytic) factor released during solubilization of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals. the larvicidal potential of the vegetat ... | 1986 | 3777922 |
| identification of a positive retroregulator that stabilizes mrnas in bacteria. | a positive retroregulator that enhances the expression of an upstream gene(s) has been identified. it resides within a 381-base pair (bp) restriction fragment containing the transcriptional terminator of the crystal protein (cry) gene from bacillus thuringiensis vs. kurstaki hd-1. this fragment was fused to the distal ends of either the penicillinase (penp) gene of bacillus licheniformis or the interleukin 2 cdna from the human jurkat cell line. in both cases, the half-lives of the mrnas derived ... | 1986 | 3085085 |
| plasmids associated with a phagelike particle and with a satellite inclusion in bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. | variants of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis were isolated using a 42 degrees c plasmid curing method. those that were missing the large toxic crystalline inclusion still possessed in their sporulated cells a small inclusion similar to the satellite inclusion of the wild type. these crystal-minus but satellite-positive variants, like the wild type, produced sporulation-dependent phagelike particles; variants lacking both the crystal and the satellite did not. these latter strains lacked b ... | 1986 | 3087608 |
| induced release of bacillus spores from sporangia by sodium sulphate. | incubation of sporulating cultures of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, b. subtilis and b. thuringiensis in 1.0 mol/l sodium sulphate markedly increased the release of free spores from sporangia. it is postulated that the release of spores is due to activation of latent autolysins which hydrolyse sporangial cell walls. sodium sulphate-induced lysis of sporangia represents a novel and highly effective method for the recovery of spores from cultures of bacillus species. | 1986 | 3087932 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis and insect pathogen, pseudomonas aeruginosa, on mammalian gastrointestinal tract. | 1986 | 3089926 | |
| [changes in the electrical characteristics of bacterial cells in the disruption of the barrier function of the cytoplasmic membrane]. | a change in the electro-orientation spectrum followed by a change in the electric characteristics of bacterial cells had been measured when the barrier function of the cytoplasmic membrane was disordered under the action of damaging physical and chemical factors. analysis of changes in the spectra at a frequency of 10(4) to 10(7) hz allows one to estimate the degree of cell damage in quantitative terms. the paper presents the results of comparing three procedures for such an estimation: inoculat ... | 1986 | 3102904 |
| the hypervariable region in the genes coding for entomopathogenic crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis: nucleotide sequence of the kurhd1 gene of subsp. kurstaki hd1. | one of the genes for the entomophatogenic crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis (subsp. kurstaki strain hd1) has been cloned in escherichia coli, and its nucleotide sequence determined completely. the gene is contained within a 4360-bp-long hpai-psti dna restriction fragment and codes for a polypeptide of 1,155 amino acid residues. the protoxin protein has a predicted mr of 130,625. the e. coli-derived protoxin gene product is biologically active against heliothis virescens larvae in a biote ... | 1986 | 3557124 |
| [bacillus thuringiensis plasmids]. | several b. thuringiensis serotypes are used for the production of bacterial insecticides. the important ingradient of bacterial insecticide produced by b. thuringiensis is a parasporal crystal protein formed during sporulation. the bioinsecticide containing several b. thuringiensis serotypes have great potential in the control of certain insects, because of their high selectivity and the absense of any harmful effect on humans, plants, animals, polinators and predators. but the generation of cry ... | 1986 | 3561283 |
| effect of removal of the cytolytic factor of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis on mosquito toxicity. | solubilized crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was fractionated by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody directed against the crystal's 28 kda peptide. the 28 kda peptide was found to be relatively nontoxic to mosquito larvae although it does contain the hemolytic activity of the crystals. the crystal protein fraction depleted of the 28 kda peptide was found to be nonhemolytic and to retain nearly full toxicity to mosquito larvae. these results suggest tha ... | 1986 | 3814127 |
| [structural characteristics of dna of bacillus thuringiensis phages]. | the spectral characteristics of dna from two phages of the polylysogenic bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae culture 1-97 were studied. the typical parameters of melting and the negative reaction with formaldehyde are indicative of the double-helical structure of these dnas. the phage dnas differ in the molar content of nitrogen bases (32 and 38 mole% of gc) and in their distribution along the molecule. this distribution is uniform in the dna of one phage whereas the other phage dna is compo ... | 1986 | 3821593 |
| isolation and characterization of coproporphyrin produced by four subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis. | it was found by using spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric, and high-pressure liquid chromatography that four subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis produce coproporphyrin. the porphyrin isomer was identified as coproporphyrin i for b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (hd1). the porphyrin was isolated both from spores and from a variety of spent growth media. the quantity of porphyrin released by each bacillus subspecies differed. the rank order of porphyrin production follows: b. thuringiensis su ... | 1986 | 16347008 |
| mode of action of bipyramidal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1. | the mode of action of the toxic fragment (p-59) derived from bipyramidal-shaped delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 on the silkworm bombyx mori was investigated. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that there was no translocation of p-59 from the gut lumen to the hemocoel. when membrane vesicles prepared from silkworm midgut were incubated with p-59, normally smooth surface of vesicles became rough, and patch formation was observed on the surface. vesicles trea ... | 1986 | 16347024 |
| ingestion and adsorption of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by gammarus lacustris in the laboratory. | several groups of gammarus lacustris adults were exposed to solutions containing 0.5 and 5.0 mg of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis per liter for 1- or 24-h periods by using traditional static bioassay exposure procedures. during a postexposure holding period, fecal pellets were removed and plated on tryptic soy agar to determine b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis spore content. the experiments verified that traditional exposure procedures assure ingestion of b. thuringiensis subsp. is ... | 1986 | 16347242 |
| toxic trypsin digest fragment from the bacillus thuringiensis parasporal protein. | enzymatic digestion in vitro of the bacillus thuringiensis protoxin presumably releases and activates the toxin in a manner analogous to that which occurs when a b. thuringiensis sporulated fermentation preparation passes through the midgut of a lepidopteran larva. therefore, a sporulated culture of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (serotype 3a3b) hd-263 was treated with trypsin to release an activated toxin soluble in bicarbonate buffer. a 63-kilodalton protein, toxic to cabbage looper larvae ( ... | 1987 | 16347290 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin. | the insecticidal activity of the delta-endotoxins of 14 bacillus thuringiensis strains belonging to 12 subspecies was determined against pieris brassicae, heliothis virescens, and spodoptera littoralis. larvae of p. brassicae were highly susceptible to purified crystals of strains of b. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis and b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni, whereas h. virescens responded best to b. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae and b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the crystals of the b. thuring ... | 1987 | 16347299 |
| fate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis under simulated field conditions. | the fate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in a natural aquatic habitat was studied in a model system by using laboratory-simulated field waters and a mutant of the bacterium resistant to three antibiotics. contact with mud of a sporal culture of the mutant resulted in an immediate disappearance of the larvicidal activity but had no influence on viability. the cessation of toxicity was caused by bacterial adsorption on soil particles, since 99.8% of the bacteria was found in the mud f ... | 1987 | 16347326 |
| selective process for efficient isolation of soil bacillus spp. | we were able to isolate bacillus thuringiensis from environmental samples with a background of 10 bacteria per g of soil. our selection process differed significantly from classical selection methods which permit only the desired organism to grow. in our process, germination of b. thuringiensis spores was selectively inhibited by sodium acetate, while most of the undesired sporeformers germinated. next, all of the nonsporulated microbes were eliminated by heat treatment at 80 degrees c for 3 min ... | 1987 | 16347359 |
| bacillus thuringiensis section sign-endotoxin expressed in transgenic nicotiana tabacum provides resistance to lepidopteran insects. | the crystal proteins, or section sign-endotoxins, of bacillus thuringiensis are specifically lethal to lepidopteran insects. we utilized a truncated and modified portion of a cloned crystal protein gene to construct a chimeric gene capable of expression in plant cells. using an agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector system, we then transferred the chimeric toxin gene into tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv havana 425) cells and regenerated recombinant plants. one to several copies per cell of the to ... | 1987 | 16665812 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the insecticidal crystal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. | the insecticidal crystal protein gene of the coleopteran-toxic bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis has been isolated, and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. a total dna library from var. tenebrionis was made in the plasmid vector puc12. by using a synthetic 27-base oligonucleotide corresponding to a stretch of nine n-terminal amino acids of a tryptic fragment of purified crystal protein of var. tenebrionis as a probe, recombinant colonies were screened by in situ hybridization for ... | 1987 | 16593878 |
| changes in morphology of trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs and juveniles caused by bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | eggs and rhabditiform juveniles of the ruminant parasite trichostrongylus colubriformis developed normally in caenorhabditis briggsae maintenance medium. a toxin from a crystal-enriched preparation of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was lethal to nematode eggs and juveniles within 24 hours and to eggs and juveniles after 24 hours of development. treated eggs had refractive granules and development was arrested, whereas nontreated eggs developed normally. eggs treated after 24 ho ... | 1987 | 19290144 |
| evidence that n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine induces adaptive response in bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is shown to have an inducible error-free repair system for alkylation damage as found in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. growth of cells in the presence of low concentrations of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) induces an adaptive response which is characterized by an increase in resistance to killing and mutagenesis by challenge with higher concentrations of mnng. in addition, we have noted with interest that adaptive low doses seem to produce lesions a ... | 1987 | 3821776 |
| transformation of vegetative cells of bacillus thuringiensis by plasmid dna. | plasmid dna-mediated transformation of vegetative cells of bacillus thuringiensis was studied with the following two plasmids: pbc16 coding for tetracycline resistance and pc194 expressing chloramphenicol resistance. a key step was the induction of competence by treatment of the bacteria with 50 mm tris hydrochloride buffer (ph 8.9) containing 30% sucrose. transformation frequency was strongly influenced by culture density during the uptake of dna and required the presence of polyethylene glycol ... | 1987 | 3818543 |
| cell membrane interaction of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cytolytic toxins. | two toxic polypeptides of 24 and 25 kilodaltons (kda) were purified from parasporal proteinaceous crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. both of these polypeptides, which are antigenically similar and have identical n terminals, lysed human erythrocytes and cultured mosquito cells. although the 24-kda peptide was more toxic than the 25-kda peptide, both were less toxic than the crude alkali-solubilized crystal toxin. however, a 1:1 mixture of these 24- and 25-kda proteins was mor ... | 1987 | 3570465 |
| presence of inducible dna repair in bacillus thuringiensis. | weigle reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated luminal diameter 8 bacteriophage was observed after ultraviolet treatment of bacillus thuringiensis cells. a slight increased frequency of clear plaque mutants was detected among the survivors. the kinetics of induction of the phage reactivation and phage mutagenesis have been determined. the presence of chloramphenicol before and after irradiation abolished the induction of repair and mutagenesis. these experiments suggest that, in spite of the rela ... | 1987 | 3574329 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni strain pg14: nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding a 27kda crystal protein. | 1987 | 3575104 | |
| studies on the culicine mosquito host range of bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis with notes on the effects of temperature and instar on bacterial efficacy. | 1987 | 3585050 | |
| structural disulfide bonds in the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis protein crystal. | we examined disulfide bonds in mosquito larvicidal crystals produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. intact crystals contained 2.01 x 10(-8) mol of free sulfhydryls and 3.24 x 10(-8) mol of disulfides per mg of protein. reduced samples of alkali-solubilized crystals resolved into several proteins, the most prominent having apparent molecular sizes of 28, 70, 135, and 140 kilodaltons (kda). nonreduced samples contained two new proteins of 52 and 26 kda. when reduced, both the 52- an ... | 1987 | 3597322 |
| purification of the mosquitocidal and cytolytic proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | two proteins from parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. the larger of the two proteins (molecular weight, 68,000) was not cytolytic, whereas the smaller protein (molecular weight, 28,000) was highly cytolytic when assayed against rat erythrocytes. when these proteins were assayed against larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, the larger protein was at least 10 ... | 1987 | 3606108 |
| large scale multiplication of bacillus thuringiensis h. 14 asporogenic mutants & b. sphaericus strains for mosquito control. | 1987 | 3610270 | |
| cytolytic activity of bacillus thuringiensis proteins to insect and mammalian cell lines. | 1987 | 3611828 | |
| [comparative characteristics of extrachromosomal dna in cultures of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14]. | the extrachromosomal dnas from different strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were comparatively analysed. within the serotype studied, two groups of strains have been revealed. these are characterised by a certain plasmid composition as well as by specific physiological, biochemical and insecticide properties. | 1987 | 3613996 |
| mesocyclops aspericornis (copepoda) and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the biological control of aedes and culex vectors (diptera: culicidae) breeding in crab holes, tree holes, and artificial containers. | 1987 | 3625718 | |
| [the construction of a plasmid genomic library from bacillus thuringiensis hd-1]. | 1987 | 3630137 | |
| safety of the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for mammals. | 1987 | 3655084 | |
| lethal synergism between benzimidazoles and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis toxin for trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs. | 1987 | 3656002 | |
| preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of crystals of bacillus thuringiensis toxin, a cell membrane disrupting protein. | crystals suitable for high resolution x-ray diffraction analysis have been reproducibly grown of the 24,000 mr protein insect toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. this protein, which demonstrates substantial insecticidal activity by inserting into phospholipid membranes, crystallizes as long square needles from polyethylene glycol 4000 at neutral ph. the crystals are of space group p4(1) and have cell dimensions of a = b = 33 a and c = 235 a, which suggests to us a predominantly helical motif for ... | 1987 | 3656433 |
| nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding an insecticidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis toxic against coleoptera. | 1987 | 3658680 | |
| microbes in or near field-testing. | 1987 | 3114880 | |
| identification of self-transmissible plasmids in four bacillus thuringiensis subspecies. | the transfer of plasmids by mating from four bacillus thuringiensis subspecies to bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus recipients was monitored by selecting transcipients which acquired plasmid pbc16 (tcr). transcipients also inherited a specific large plasmid from each b. thuringiensis donor at a high frequency along with a random array of smaller plasmids. the large plasmids (ca. 50 to 120 megadaltons), pxo13, pxo14, pxo15, and pxo16, originating from b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni, b. th ... | 1987 | 3117773 |
| is50l as a non-self transposable vector used to integrate the bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin gene into the chromosome of root-colonizing pseudomonads. | insertion sequence is50l of transposon tn5 was used as a non-self transposable vector to integrate the delta-endotoxin gene (tox) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 into the chromosome of two corn-root colonizing strains of pseudomonas fluorescens (112-12 and ps3732-3-7). a dna fragment containing the kmr gene from tn5 and tox was inserted into an is50l element (is50l-tox) contained on a suicide plasmid. transposition of is50l-tox into the chromosome of p. fluorescens 112-12 and ps ... | 1987 | 3036648 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence of different iso-is231 elements and their structural association with the tn4430 transposon in bacillus thuringiensis. | a family of five repetitive sequences (rs) has been isolated from a plasmid dna library of bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. in a previous paper [mahillon et al., embo j. 4(1985)3895-3899] one of these was shown to harbor all the features of an is element (is231). further nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that two other rs, flanking the delta-endotoxin gene, are actually variants of is231. comparison of the nucleotide sequences surrounding the iso-is231 elements showed a unique st ... | 1987 | 3036650 |
| cloning and heterologous expression of an insecticidal delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai ic1 toxic to both lepidoptera and diptera. | bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai ic1 synthesises an insecticidal protein delta-endotoxin (130-135 kda) that is toxic to both lepidopteran and dipteran larvae, and cross-reacts immunologically with certain monospecific lepidopteran toxins. a 166-kb plasmid from this bacterium was found to hybridise with an intragenic probe derived from the clone b. thuringiensis var. sotto lepidopteran-specific delta-endotoxin gene. a strongly hybridising 5.2-kb ssti fragment from var. aizawai plasmid dna was ... | 1987 | 3038691 |
| effects of phospholipases c from bacteria on binding of enkephalin to rat brain membranes. | the effects of phospholipases c on the equilibrium constants and maximal binding capacities of tritiated [d-ala2,-d-leu5] enkephalin to rat brain membranes were investigated using phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase c of bacillus cereus and, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis. when 72% of the phosphatidylinositol in the rat brain membranes was hydrolyzed by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c, the affinity of opiate ... | 1987 | 3039692 |
| expression of a cloned bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene in escherichia coli. | the expression in escherichia coli of a cloned crystal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis was investigated through the use of fusions of the crystal protein gene promoter to beta-galactosidase and catechol oxidase genes. analysis of deletion and insertion derivatives of the crystal protein gene promoter showed that a region of b. thuringiensis dna located between 87 and 258 base pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site caused reduced transcription from this promoter. insertion ... | 1987 | 3040677 |
| insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies against menopon gallinae (mallophaga: menoponidae). | 10 bacillus thuringiensis strains were used to determine the susceptibility of menopon gallinae (l). in order to identify b. thuringiensis from dead insects, previously exposed to bacteria, the streptomycin-resistant mutants of strains were also applied. the experiments were conducted in a group of 20 specimens, in three replications. the absorbtion at 750 nm directly corresponded to the concentration of 23 x 10(6) spores/ml in each assay. the biting lice were exposed on agar plates, inoculated ... | 1987 | 3425965 |
| influence of surfactants and polymeric adjuvants on physicochemical properties, droplet size spectra and deposition of fenitrothion and bacillus thuringiensis formulations under laboratory conditions. | the effect of two surfactants and two polymeric adjuvants on droplet size spectra and deposition patterns of nine spray formulations was investigated following atomization in a laboratory chamber using a spinning disc atomizer that can produce a narrow droplet size spectrum. spray droplets were sampled using kromekote cards and deposit recoveries were examined on glass plates. physicochemical properties studied were: viscosity-shear rate relationship, surface tension, volatility, ph, conductance ... | 1987 | 3429786 |
| properties of bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase solubilized by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c1. | the properties of acetylcholinesterase solubilized from bovine erythrocyte membrane by phosphatidylinositol (pi)-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis or with a detergent, lubrol-px, were studied. the activity of lubrol-px-solubilized acetylcholinesterase was broadly distributed in the fractions having ve/vo = 1.0-2.0 in gel filtration on a sepharose 6b column. the intermediary fractions (ve/vo = 1.3-1.7) were collected as "the middle active sepharose 6b eluate" and characterized on ... | 1987 | 3436952 |
| [spontaneous bacteriophage induction in bacillus thuringiensis]. | the production of temperate bacteriophages was studied in the process of batch cultivation of three bacillus thuringiensis lysogenic strains. phage titres were determined using an indicator culture (ipm-1148). the growth of bacteriophages was induced when thermoactivated spores germinated. some cells (1.10(-3)-2.10(-3)) underwent lysis without their division. the subsequent lytic cycles occurred in the actively growing culture. phage titres ceased to rise before the exponential growth phase was ... | 1987 | 3448468 |
| [laboratory studies of the effectiveness of the polish biological preparation turidan in the control of flies (musca domestica l.) sensitive to insecticides]. | 1987 | 3451359 | |
| dynamics of biomass production, sporulation & toxin synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis h 14 strains. | 1987 | 3451904 | |
| comparative cost of mosquito control with larvicidal bacilli and insecticides. | 1987 | 3452548 | |
| bacillus larval toxin crystal protein. | during sporulation some bacteria produce parasporal inclusions which are toxic for insect larvae. the proteins responsible for this toxicity have been characterized and their genes have been cloned. using genetic engineering methods, it is now possible to establish new bacterial strains and to introduce these genes into plant genomes. | 1987 | 3153619 |
| alteration of trichostrongylus colubriformis egg permeability by bacillus thuringiensis israelensis toxin. | a toxin from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis israelensis is lethal to nematode eggs. exposure of eggs of the ruminant nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis to the toxin significantly increased the eggs' permeability to radiolabeled phenylalanine within 2 hr. calcium chloride inhibited the toxin-induced change in egg permeability. iodine staining of eggs that were exposed to the microbial toxin revealed that egg permeability was altered within 5 min and was dependent on the dose of toxin. ... | 1987 | 3295166 |
| nucleotide sequence of the insecticidal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis strain aizawai ipl7 and its high-level expression in escherichia coli. | a dna fragment carrying the insecticidal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai ipl7 was cloned from a 78-kb plasmid. the nucleotide sequence revealed that the cloned dna fragment contained a 3465-bp protein-coding region with 156-bp 5'-flanking, and 168-bp 3'-flanking regions. the open reading frame encoded a 130,690 da protein consisting of 1155 amino acid residues. nucleotide sequence comparison of the aizawai gene with the published berliner 1715 gene showed only 8 nt changes ... | 1987 | 3297927 |
| a highly sensitive bacterial assay for toxins based on swarming inhibition, and comparison with the cup plate assay based on growth inhibition. | the motility inhibition of the swarming bacteria proteus mirabilis and azospirillum brasilense was found to be an appropriate parameter to indicate toxic effects caused by some mycotoxins, lactones and anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids. if these substances are in contact with the motile bacteria the following phenomena can be observed: at a certain toxin concentration the swarming of the bacteria is inhibited. if the concentration is increased the swarming ceases, and at still higher concentratio ... | 1987 | 3299877 |
| cytolytic activity and immunological similarity of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni isolate pg-14 toxins. | the parasporal bodies of the mosquitocidal isolates of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni isolate pg-14 were compared with regard to their hemolytic and cytolytic activities and the immunological relatedness of the 28- and 65-kilodalton (kda) proteins that occur in both subspecies. the alkali-solubilized parasporal bodies of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis caused 50% lysis of human erythrocytes at 1.14 micrograms/ml, whereas those of b. thuringien ... | 1987 | 3300548 |
| cloning and expression in escherichia coli of an insecticidal crystal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai hd-133. | using a gene probe derived from the cloned var. sotto insecticidal crystal protein (icp) gene, we have cloned a bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai hd-133 icp gene in escherichia coli. the gene encodes a polypeptide that is toxic to lepidoptera in vivo and in vitro. the protein is expressed at a level sufficient to produce phase-bright inclusions in recombinant e. coli strains, and these inclusions can be partially purified using discontinuous sucrose density gradients. immunoblotting shows that ... | 1987 | 3329679 |
| characterization of the toxicity and cytopathic specificity of a cloned bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein using insect cell culture. | an insecticidal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai was cloned in escherichia coli. the cloned gene expressed at a high level and the synthesized protein appeared as an insoluble, phase-bright inclusion in the cytoplasm. these inclusions were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, the isolated protein was activated in vitro by different proteolytic regimes and the toxicity of the resulting preparations was studied using insect cells grown in tissue culture. the inclusions ... | 1987 | 3330756 |
| u.v.-induced and n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine-induced mutagenesis in bacillus thuringiensis. | the lethal and mutagenic effects of u.v. light and n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) on bacillus thuringiensis were investigated. lethality studies demonstrated that b. thuringiensis was relatively sensitive to these agents. this bacterium was mutated at the rifampicin resistance marker by u.v. light and to a lesser extent by the direct acting alkylating agent mnng. one mutant selected for its greater sensitivity to u.v. light expressed a higher frequency of mutagenesis after u.v. ligh ... | 1987 | 3331699 |
| the biotechnology of bacillus thuringiensis. | one of the challenges in the application of biotechnology to pest control is the identification of agents found in nature which can be used effectively. biotechnology offers the potential of developing pesticides based on such agents which will provide environmentally sound and economically feasible insect control alternatives. such an agent, the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis, is the subject of intense investigations in several laboratories. insecticides which use the entomocidal proper ... | 1987 | 3333741 |
| amino sugars in the glycoprotein toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the carbohydrate content of purified bacillus thuriniensis subsp. israelensis crystal toxin was determined by six biochemical tests, column chromatography on an amino acid analyzer, and the binding of 11 fluorescent lectins. the crystals contained approximately 1.0% neutral sugars and 1.7% amino sugars. the amino sugars consisted of 70% glucosamine and 30% galactosamine. no n-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) was detected. the presence of amino sugars was confirmed by the strong binding of flu ... | 1987 | 3804977 |
| similarities between crystal protein subunits of bacillus thuringiensis strain 1884 serotype h14 and strain pg14 serotype h8a,8b, and their relationship with mosquitocidal activity. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain 1884 and b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni strain pg14 have the same toxicity toward mosquito larvae. their protein crystal contents were compared either on native electrophoretic systems or on gel filtration. analysis of electroeluted native proteins in sds-page showed that the 28-kd protein alone, without the 68- or 130-kd protein, was not larvicidal; however, toxicity was recorded as soon as 28- and 68-kd proteins were associated. after gel fil ... | 1987 | 3663389 |
| facile autoplast generation and transformation in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | we describe a method for maximizing the rate of conversion of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki vegetative cells to osmotically fragile forms in the absence of exogenously added enzymes. optimal generation of autoplasts occurred in 50 mm sodium acetate buffer (ph 7.0) at 37 degrees c with 10% (wt/vol) polyethylene glycol as an osmotic stabilizer. the maximum autolytic rate resulted in a conversion of greater than 90% of bacilli to spherical autoplasts in 6 min. autoplasts regained bacillary ... | 1987 | 3680166 |
| [evaluation of larvicidal effects of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype h-14) and bacillus sphaericus preparations and the susceptibility of adult mosquitoes to malarial plasmodia]. | 1987 | 3553885 | |
| five-month oral (diet) toxicity/infectivity study of bacillus thuringiensis insecticides in sheep. | bacillus thuringiensis insecticides (bt) [dipel (test substance d or thuricide-hp (test substance t)] were administered in the diet for 5 months to castrated mixed rambouillet/merino sheep (24-34 kg at the beginning of the study) at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day (approximately 10(12) spores per day). no treatment-related effect was seen on weight gain or clinical chemistry parameters nor were significant gross clinical changes observed. several blood and tissue samples taken just prior to the time the ... | 1987 | 3556835 |
| expression in escherichia coli of a cloned crystal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | a ca. 10-kilobase (kb) hindiii fragment of plasmid dna from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was cloned into plasmid puc9 and transformed into escherichia coli. extracts of the recombinant strain contained a 27-kilodalton (kda) peptide that reacted with antibodies to a 27-kda peptide isolated from crystals produced by b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. extracts of the recombinant strain were hemolytic and toxic to aedes aegypti larvae. full expression of the 27-kda peptide required th ... | 1987 | 3546262 |
| the potassium impermeable apical membrane of insect epithelia: a target for development of safe pesticides. | columnar cell apical membranes (ccam) in series with goblet cell apical membranes (gcam) form an electroosmotic barrier separating the midgut lumen from epithelial cell cytoplasm. a unique k+ atpase in gcam generates three gradients across this barrier. a greater than 180 mv electrical gradient (lumen positive) drives amino acid uptake through voltage-dependent k+ symports. a greater than 1000-fold [h+] gradient (lumen alkaline) and a greater than 10-fold [k+] gradient (lumen concentrated) are a ... | 1987 | 3509112 |
| laboratory and field efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus against anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex quinquefasciatus in ouagadougou, burkina faso. | two wettable powders (bactimos and vectobac) and one flowable concentrate (teknar) of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) and primary powders of bacillus sphaericus isolates 1593 and 2362 were evaluated (laboratory) against field-collected larvae of anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex quinquefasciatus in ouagadougou, burkina faso. bactimos, vectobac and a corn-cob b.t.i. formulation (abg-6138g) were field tested against cx. quinquefasciatus and an. gambiae s.l. the isolates of b. sphae ... | 1987 | 3504891 |
| an alternative bioassay employing neonate larvae for determining the toxicity of suspended particles to mosquitoes. | an alternative bioassay using neonate larvae of aedes aegypti is described for determining the toxicity of suspended particles, particularly insecticidal bacteria, to mosquitoes. this new assay is comparable in precision to the 4th instar bioassay recommended by the world health organization, but is quicker and requires much less space. values obtained using neonate larvae as the test insect showed less variation within and between replicates in regard to lc50 and slope of the regression line, a ... | 1987 | 3504908 |
| evaluation of larvicides for the control of simulium damnosum s.l. (diptera: simuliidae) in west africa. | the onchocerciasis control program of the world health organization is carrying out an extensive screening program in a search for new larvicides to be used for control of simulium damnosum s.l. emphasis has been given to finding a pyrethroid and a carbamate to supplement the organophosphates currently in use. these chemicals with differing modes of action, together with bacillus thuringiensis h-14, are being used in an attempt to cope with the development and spread of resistance to the organop ... | 1987 | 3504910 |
| efficacy of arosurf msf and formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against anopheles albimanus: laboratory bioassay. | the efficacy of arosurf msf alone and in combination with three preparations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) against anopheles albimanus larvae, pupae and eggs was determined by bioassay. arosurf msf alone was effective against the egg, 4th larval instar and pupal stages. all arosurf msf and b.t.i. combined formulations produced over 90% mortality of all larvae and pupae, 48 hr posttreatment. egg eclosion was reduced to approximately 25% with all formulations containing arosu ... | 1987 | 3504934 |
| efficacy of bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for control of culex pipiens and floodwater aedes larvae in iowa. | granular and flowable concentrate formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis provided a 90-100% reduction in aedes vexans and culex spp. larvae in natural larval habitats. a briquet formulation of b. thuringiensis was less effective, providing a 12-76% reduction. no residual activity occurred in sites treated with b. thuringiensis. granular formulations of bacillus sphaericus (2.78-8.42 kg/ha) caused a 100% reduction in culex pipiens larvae in natural sites and artificial pools. bac ... | 1987 | 3504943 |
| floating bait formulations increase effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against anopheles larvae. | the development and screening of floating-type bait formulations designed to improve the activity of bacterial toxins against larval anopheles is described. floating and spreading abilities of carrier particles (wheat flour) were compared using corn oil, lecithin, and two products yielding surface films on water (arosurf and liparol). mixtures containing 1 or 5% arosurf showed the best spreading abilities on a water surface, but strongly inhibited the ingestion of wheat flour by anopheles albima ... | 1987 | 3504944 |
| management of insecticide resistance in control of the simulium damnosum complex by the onchocerciasis control programme, west africa: potential use of negative correlation between organophosphate resistance and pyrethroid susceptibility. | 1. resistance of some populations of the simulium damnosum complex to temephos (100-fold at the lc50 level), with degrees of cross-resistance to chlorphoxim (14-fold) and other organophosphate insecticides, follows intensive larvicidal control of s. damnosum s.l. in west african river systems since 1975 by the who onchocerciasis control programme. 2. larvae of at least three sibling species of the s. damnosum complex have become organophosphate-resistant: these are the forest species s. sanctipa ... | 1987 | 2979527 |