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prenatal screening for group b streptococcus. ii. impact of antepartum screening and prophylaxis on neonatal care.our purpose was to evaluate the current practice of antimicrobial prophylaxis of preterm and low-birth-weight infants and to determine the impact of intrapartum fever, group b streptococcus carriage, intrapartum antimicrobial therapy, and duration of membrane rupture on neonatal therapy.19957573255
the changing face of neonatal septicaemia.a prospective study was undertaken over a 1-year period in northern jordan to determine the incidence, causes and characteristics of neonatal septicaemia which is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns. the study identified 47 septicaemic neonates, representing an incidence of 2.3/1000 live births. respiratory distress and hyperbilirubinaemia were the prominent presenting clinical findings. gram-negative organisms were cultured from 46 neonates with klebsiella species, accounting f ...19957598444
invasive group b streptococcal disease in children beyond early infancy.there is little information available on invasive group b streptococcus (gbs) infection in pediatric patients older than 3 months of age. review of infection control records at lebonheur children's medical center from january 1, 1986, to june 30, 1993, identified 143 patients with a positive gbs culture from normally sterile body fluid. medical records of 18 (13%) patients > 3 months old with their first gbs infection were reviewed. age range was 15 weeks to 18 years (median age, 13 months). ten ...19957603808
quality assurance study of bacterial antigen testing of cerebrospinal fluid.bacterial antigen testing (bat) of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) by latex agglutination is a low-yield procedure in patients whose csf specimens have normal laboratory parameters. between august 1992 and august 1994, we evaluated 287 bacterial antigen (ba) test requests to determine whether yields could be improved and whether patient costs could be reduced by cancelling bat for those patients with normal csf parameters (cell count, protein, glucose) after consultation with physicians. a total of 17 ...19957615718
group b streptococcus: the us controversy. 19957616795
group b streptococcal bacteremia in adults. five years' experience and a review of the literature.the importance of group b streptococcus (gbs) as a cause of serious infectious disease among adults is not widely appreciated. in adults, the modes of acquisition and transmission are unknown. since most hospital-based studies of gbs bacteremia in adults consist of small numbers of patients, the clinical spectrum of disease is not well described. our retrospective study reviews the clinical features, antimicrobial therapy, and risk factors for mortality of 32 adult patients (18 women and 14 men) ...19957623653
prevention of systemic infections caused by group b streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus by multivalent polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. 19957625682
increased recovery of group b streptococcus by the inclusion of rectal culturing and enrichment.detection of intrapartum carriage of group b streptococcus (gbs) and subsequent antibiotic prophylaxis may prevent gbs infections in neonates. because the gastrointestinal tract is the primary source of this organism, detection of carrier status requires both rectal and vaginal swabs. vaginal swabs from 651 obstetric outpatients were plated onto 5% sheep blood agar. a second vaginal and a rectal swab were collected and incubated overnight in an enrichment medium of todd-hewitt broth containing a ...19957628194
neonatal sepsis in dubai, united arab emirates.the case records of all neonates admitted to the neonatal unit of al wasl hospital (dubai) in a period of 60 months (may 1987-april 1992) were analysed. one-hundred-and-six neonates had confirmed sepsis. the most common causative organisms were group b streptococci (23 per cent), e. coli (17 per cent), staph. epidermidis (17 per cent), and klebsiella pneumoniae (16 per cent). group b streptococcus presented as the most common organism in very early (< or = 24 hours) and early onset (2-6 days) of ...19957636939
purification of preparative quantities of group b streptococcus type iii oligosaccharides.many bacterial capsular polysaccharides are regularly repeating units of oligosaccharides. bacterial oligosaccharides have been used in neoglycoconjugate vaccines and as reagents in the study of specific antibody binding. unfortunately, separation methods have not been adequate for the purification of preparative quantities of bacterial oligosaccharides. here we describe a size-exclusion procedure that resulted in the resolution of group b streptococcus type iii oligosaccharides composed of 4-25 ...19957640771
tumor necrosis factor alpha acts as an autocrine second signal with gamma interferon to induce nitric oxide in group b streptococcus-treated macrophages.nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages treated with group b streptococci and gamma interferon was inhibited by cytochalasin b or by antibody neutralization of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha. phagocytosis-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha is responsible for group b streptococcus-induced nitric oxide production in interferon-treated macrophages.19957642312
[acute encephalitis and bacterial meningitis in children in aichi prefecture (1984-1993)].a survey was performed of acute encephalitis and bacterial meningitis in infancy and childhood from 1984 to 1993 using a questionnaire directed to departments of pediatrics in large hospitals in aichi prefecture. the case records for 391 patients with acute encephalitis including related diseases and 328 patients with bacterial meningitis were obtained from 63 hospitals. of 391 patients with acute encephalitis, 224 were male and 167 were female. of 328 patients with bacterial meningitis, 200 wer ...19957647351
rapid bacterial antigen detection is not clinically useful.latex agglutination (la) of capsular polysaccharide bacterial antigen is a frequently performed laboratory procedure, but its use is controversial. to assess the clinical utility of this test, we reviewed all la tests performed over a 10-month period at two sites, a major university-based referral center and a private specialty pediatric hospital. samples were assayed either individually or as a panel for the group b streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and three sets ...19957650172
group b streptococcus. 19957658833
group b streptococcus. 19957658834
use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the septic neonate.extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is widely used for cardiopulmonary support in neonates with cardiopulmonary failure secondary to overwhelming sepsis. the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of culture status on the eventual outcome of septic neonates requiring ecmo support. data from the extracorporeal life support organization (elso) for the tears 1990 through 1992 inclusive were collected and analyzed for all neonates with a primary diagnosis of sepsis. records were rev ...19957666313
neonatal group b streptococcus infection--recommendations for screening and prophylaxis. 19957667989
group b streptococcus and pregnancy. 19957677672
a prospective study of the microbiological environment of the genitourinary tract in hong kong chinese women during pregnancy.microbiological colonization of the genitourinary tract in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm labour and delivery. in our population, the risk of preterm labour is relatively low, and the purpose of this study was to examine the microbiological environment of the genitourinary tract to determine whether it differed from that reported in populations where the rate of preterm delivery is higher. a prospective study was made in 367 unselected women between 16 and 24 weeks' ge ...19957677683
[osteoarticular infections caused by streptococcus agalactiae. report of 4 cases].streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is a rare etiology of osteoarticular infection in adults. in a literature review (medline-embase plus) up until may 1994, we have found only 51 cases. in most patients, diabetes mellitus, liver disease or long-term steroid therapy were documented.19957711134
group b streptococcus. is it time for a screening program?group b streptococcal infection often causes perinatal sepsis. early diagnosis is based on a high index of suspicion and laboratory tests. proposed interventions targeted at the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods have met with limited success. screening has not been widely adopted.19957735001
early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal sepsis: economics of various prevention strategies.to evaluate three strategies for preventing group b streptococcal neonatal sepsis in large teaching hospitals and to examine their cost effectiveness and cost benefit.19957746174
group b streptococcal disease in newborns: a global perspective on prevention.group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important cause of neonatal sepsis in many areas. although incidence data are available for a minority of countries, the magnitude of illness due to this bacterium appears to vary substantially. disease may vary due to the prevalence of asymptomatic gbs colonization, the virulence of circulating strains, the frequency of predisposing conditions such as low birth weight, or differences in obstetric practices. approaches to prevention of neonatal gbs disease inclu ...19957749075
group b streptococcus. 19957756913
diaphragmatic failure during group b streptococcal sepsis in piglets: the role of thromboxane a2.group b streptococcus (gbs) causes an impairment of diaphragmatic pressure generation (pdi) in 2-wk-old piglets, whereas 4-wk-old piglets are unaffected. in this study, we examined the effect on 4-wk-old piglets of a higher dose of gbs than previously utilized. we sought to determine whether an eicosanoid product of arachidonic acid metabolism accounted for the decrease in pdi during gbs infusion and whether thromboxane a2 (txa2) is the putative eicosanoid mediator of decreased pdi during gbs in ...19957759417
no lumbar puncture in the evaluation for early neonatal sepsis: will meningitis be missed?we performed this investigation to assess whether selective approaches to performing lumbar puncture (lp) in the early neonatal period will result in a missed or delayed diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.19957761203
in vivo hemolytic activity of group b streptococcus is dependent on erythrocyte-bacteria contact and independent of a carrier molecule.experiments were performed to determine the interaction between the hemolysin of group b streptococcus (gbs) and sheep erythrocytes. growing gbs were shown to possess a potent hemolysin at a very early stage of the growth cycle. after separation of the cells from the growth medium, all the hemolytic activity remained with the bacterial cells, and no activity could be detected in the growth medium. when fetal calf serum was added to the media, some "soluble" activity was detected. this activity, ...19957767229
[perinatal colonization of group b streptococcus: a study in 600 cases in beijing tiantan hospital].an epidemiologic study of perinatal colonization of group b streptococcus (gbs) was carried out. six hundred mother-infant pairs were studied at beijing tiantan hospital. maternal carriage rate of gbs was 8% with a neonatal colonization rate of 6.7%. overall perinatal carriage rate was 13%. women with perinatal colonization showed prone to have more premature and low birth weight babies. we did not find that perinatal colonization was associated with prolonged rupture of membranes and iugr in ou ...19957767925
neonatal meningitis: a 3-year retrospective study at the mount hope women's hospital, trinidad, west indies.the objective of this 3-year (1988-1990) retrospective study was to report the experience with neonatal meningitis at the neonatal intensive care unit, mount hope women's hospital, trinidad, west indies. neonates were included in the study if organisms were cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and/or if there was a pleocytosis (> or = 100/mm3) in the csf. there were 49 neonates with meningitis out of a total of 17,048 live born (lb) infants during the 3-year period to give an overall inci ...19957776392
[validation trial of a neonatal prophylactic antibiotic protocol in the delivery room].maternofetal infection occurs in 1 to 10 of every 1,000 newborns. prognosis is poor and an extremely rapid the clinical course is sometimes observed. the situation suggests that widespread use of antibiotics and more than 90% of the newborns receiving antibiotics are not infected. a prospective study based on simple, recognized criteria predictive of maternal-fetal infection was conducted in 3,392 deliveries to evaluate the effect of an antibiotic prophylaxy protocol. specificity, sensitivity, p ...19957782594
sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic tests for detection of group b streptococcal antigen in bacteremic neonates.latex particle agglutination (lpa) testing for antigen to group b streptococcus (gbs) has been useful in the diagnosis of gbs sepsis in newborns. however, recent reports have demonstrated that the sensitivity of lpa assays may be as low as 27 to 54%. the purposes of the present study were to directly compare the abilities of four urine antigen assays to detect gbs antigen with clinical urine samples from neonates with gbs bacteremia and to evaluate the effect of the urine concentration on the se ...19957699040
effect of urine latex agglutination tests on the treatment of children at risk for invasive bacterial infection.identifying febrile children with invasive bacterial infection is difficult in the absence of telltale physical findings. urine latex agglutination (ula) tests have been used for rapid, on-site identification of such children.19957478842
the accuracy and patient preference for self-collected group b streptococcus cultures.our purpose was to determine the accuracy of and patient attitudes regarding self-collected group b streptococcus cultures.19957485347
[clinical aspects and diagnosis of neonatal infections caused by group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus].early-onset infection findings caused by group b streptococcus occur within 24 hours of birth (60 per cent of cases) but they may appear anytime during the first 5 days of life. in our experience early-onset infection affects both preterm and term neonates. the authors report the usual clinical signs described for bacterial infections. unusual findings are also reported: among 34 infants with early-onset infection, the congenital diaphragmatic hernia was associated with gbs septicemia in two neo ...19957491322
[therapy of neonatal infection caused by group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus].expectant therapy for early group b streptococcus onset septicemia must provide coverage against other microorganism, such as l. monocytogenes, h. influenzae and s. pneumoniae. it is possible to administer a combination of antimicrobial agents with activity against all or the most likely pathogens. thus initial expectant therapy includes a broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin (e.g. ampicillin) and an aminoglycoside (e.g. netilmicin). vancomicin, teicoplanin and cefotaxime may also be used. su ...19957491323
efficacy of a universal screening program for the prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal disease.universal antepartum vaginal cultures for group b streptococcus (gbs) were initiated in a spanish hospital in 1994 using granada medium. infants born to carriers were monitored closely, and blood, urine and mucocutaneous areas were cultured for gbs. group b streptococcus was detected in 543 of 4,525 women (12%). of these, 454 gave birth vaginally, of whom 201 (44%) received intrapartum ampicillin. prophylaxis was not administered to 253 women (56%). in this group, infants of 120 women were colon ...19958536732
in vivo efficacy of azithromycin in treatment of systemic infection and septic arthritis induced by type iv group b streptococcus strains in mice: comparative study with erythromycin and penicillin g.we compared the activities of azithromycin, erythromycin, and penicillin g in a mouse model of systemic infection and septic arthritis induced by type iv group b streptococci (gbs). the in vitro and in vivo efficacy data for these drugs were analyzed relative to the pharmacokinetics of the drugs in sera, joints, and kidneys. adult cd-1 mice were infected intravenously with 10(7) cfu of type iv gbs. intraperitoneal drug administration was initiated with different dose regimens at different times ...19958540695
structural elucidation of the novel type vii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide by high resolution nmr spectroscopy.the type vii capsular polysaccharide isolated from the newly discovered group b streptococcus (gbs) strain contains d-glucose, d-galactose, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and n-acetylneuraminic acid in the molar ratio 2:2:1:1. high-resolution one- and two-dimensional (1d and 2d) 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy of the native and desialylated polysaccharides showed the type vii gbs capsular polysaccharide to contain the following branched hexasaccharide repeating unit: [formula: see text] despite extensive st ...19958548782
enhanced antenatal detection of group b streptococcus colonization.to improve culture methods for the detection of group b streptococcus colonization.19957862387
universal screening for group b streptococcus: recommendations and obstetricians' practice decisions.to determine how obstetricians' opinions regarding universal screening of pregnant women for group b streptococcus (gbs) and their responses to positive culture results vary from american academy of pediatrics recommendations, and to determine the physician characteristics that predict divergent opinions.19957862388
systemic bacterial and fungal infections in infants in australian neonatal units. australian study group for neonatal infections.to examine the pattern and incidence of sepsis occurring in neonatal units in australia.19957877542
penicillin tolerance among beta-hemolytic streptococci and production of the group carbohydrates, hemolysins, hyaluronidases and deoxyribonucleases.penicillin tolerance among 67 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci was examined by determining the ratio of the minimal bactericidal concentration to the minimal inhibitory concentration as 32 or greater. tolerance was demonstrated in 15 group a strains and in 11.7, and 4 of groups b, c and g, respectively. thereafter the effects of a subminimal inhibitory concentration (1/2 mic) of penicillin on the bacterial products of four tolerant and four nontolerant strains (two of each lancefield group ...19958551960
antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha: use as adjunctive therapy in established group b streptococcal disease in newborn rats.group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis. adjunctive therapies are being sought to improve the outcome. because increased blood levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha may play a role in the development of sepsis and an adverse outcome thereof, we evaluated the potential use of antibodies against tnf-alpha as adjunctive therapy of gbs sepsis. using a neonatal rat model of gbs sepsis, we measured serum levels of tnf-alpha. levels of tnf-alpha were significantly incr ...19958559608
pregnancy outcome after transcervical cvs with a flexible biopsy forceps: evaluation of risk factors.the pregnancy outcome of 1936 women who had transcervical chorionic villus sampling (cvs) with a flexible biopsy forceps was evaluated. follow-up until 4 weeks after delivery was 99.4 per cent. various patient- and procedure-related risk factors for spontaneous loss (fetal or neonatal death) were analysed using stepwise logistic regression analysis. the overall spontaneous loss rate was 4.5 per cent. factors found to be significantly associated with spontaneous loss were quantity of villi < or = ...19958559750
effect of specimen storage, antibiotics, and feminine hygiene products on the detection of group b streptococcus by culture and the strep b oia test.agar culture from vaginal swabs is the routine method for diagnosis of maternal group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization. swab specimens are often transported to a clinical laboratory for processing. in these studies, specimen transport was simulated by inoculating swabs with gbs and storing them at selected temperatures and with or without transport medium. the recovery of viable gbs was assessed by agar culture. gbs antigen was detected immunologically with an optical immunoassay (oia) method. ...19958565413
bacteremia and meningitis among infants with urinary tract infections.a retrospective analysis of 354 patients < or = 2 years of age with urinary tract infections (utis) was performed to characterize patients with bacteremia or meningitis and to identify any objective predictors of these complications. thirty-three patients with bacteremia were identified. blood culture isolates included escherichia coli (25), staphylococcus aureus (4), enterococcus (1), group b streptococcus (2), and enterobacter (1). besides one patient with group b streptococcus bacteremia at 1 ...19958570449
detection of group b streptococcus by immunoassay following enrichment in lim-selective broth medium.rapid immunoassays have been developed to decrease the time to detection of group b streptococcus (gbs) carriage in pregnant women. in this study, a total of 162 pregnant women, considered to be high-risk obstetric patients, were seen in the family care center at memorial hospital of rhode island, a 300-bed teaching hospital associated with brown university medical school. vaginal and rectal specimens were taken and tested for gbs by using two rapid enzyme immunoassays (eias) that were compared ...19958582136
group b streptococcus and treatment of capd peritonitis. 19958587639
designer vaccines to prevent infections due to group b streptococcus.group b streptococci (gbs) are the major cause of serious infections in neonates and an important cause of infection in adults, particularly peripartum women and patients with diabetes mellitus and malignancy. immunity to gbs in neonates is associated with naturally acquired maternal antibodies to the type-specific capsular polysaccharides of these organisms. igg class antibodies directed to these polysaccharides are passed transplacentally and protect the child from invasive gbs disease. phase ...19958608425
biochemical mediators of meningeal inflammatory response to group b streptococcus in the newborn piglet model.the meningeal inflammatory response to a heat-killed mutant unencapsulated strain of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs) was studied in a newborn piglet model. gbs (10(9) colony-forming unit equivalents) or saline (control) was inoculated intraventricularly. serial cerebrospinal fluid measurements were done at baseline and over the course of the next 24 h for cytochemical changes and production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and prostaglandins. in separate experiments, we defined the time cours ...19958618804
antenatal care.recently published papers on antenatal screening show that a policy of routine cervical examination does not lead to a reduction in preterm birth, perhaps because the results of the cervical examination do not influence the decisions umbilical doppler ultrasonography shows that the systematic use of this method for high-risk pregnant women reduces the odds of perinatal mortality by 38%. studies on antenatal screening for group b streptococcus followed by intrapartum treatment show that the anten ...19958620072
[early neonatal manifestations of group b streptococcus infection: case series and preventive strategy].group b streptococcus (gbs) is, so far, one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. in order to elucidate the extent of this problem a screening for gbs has been performed on a group of pregnant women and their neonates. maternal vaginal and rectal swabs were obtained on admission to the labor area. in these infants throat swabs at birth and throat and rectal swabs on day 4th and 6th were obtained. in the 14,248 pairs mother/infant examined, the rate of colonization was ...19958684998
clinical and diagnostic features of osteomyelitis occurring in the first three months of life.we report a retrospective study of 94 infants, ages < 4 months, who underwent investigation for possible osteomyelitis during a 9-year period. of the 30 babies with proven osteomyelitis (radiographic changes or positive bone cultures or positive blood cultures plus a compatible clinical picture), 17 were preterm artificially ventilated babies and 4 were full term infants receiving intensive care. an etiologic organism was isolated from 28: methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, 16; methi ...19958745016
prevention of neonatal septicaemia due to group b streptococci.group b streptococcus is the leading cause of neonatal septicaemia. major risk factors for early-onset disease are heavy maternal gbs colonization preterm delivery (and related low birthweight), preterm rupture of membranes, prelabour rupture of membranes, intrapartum fever, gbs urinary infection and low levels of maternal serum anti-gbs antibodies. screening for maternal gbs colonization, a part of most current preventive strategies, can be targeted on all pregnant women or only on those with r ...19958846555
atypical cellulitis due to group b streptococcus.in a minority of late-onset group b streptococcal (gbs) cases in neonates, facial or buccal cellulitis has been described. we report a case of sepsis with gbs, in which an atypical cellulitis in the inguinal area was seen as presenting symptom.19958658078
an approach to the identification of the pathogens of bacterial meningitis by the polymerase chain reaction.a combination of universal and species-specific primers was used to detect and differentiate by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) the four species most commonly causing bacterial meningitis. primers recognising conserved sequences in the 16s and 23s ribosomal rna genes were employed to amplify the 16s-23s spacer region from neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae (type b), streptococcus pneumoniae, and streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus). the sequence of the most abundan ...19958681987
genital group b streptococcus carriage in the antenatal period: its role in prom and preterm labour.of 326 high vaginal swabs taken during the antenatal period, group b streptococcus (gbs) was isolated from the birth canal in 46 women, giving a carrier rate of 14.1%, which is within the often quoted range of between 5% - 25% in different parts of the world. carriage rates were similar at different gestations. in a subgroup of 34 women, 2 swabs taken at least 5 weeks apart yielded results which were discordant in over one fifth of the time. this knowledge of the natural history of gbs carriage ...19958919151
antimicrobial activity of lipids added to human milk, infant formula, and bovine milk.lipids previously shown to have antiviral and antibacterial activity in buffers were added to human milk, bovine milk, and infant formulas to determine whether increased protection from infection could be provided to infants as part of their diet. fatty acids and monoglycerides with chain lengths varying from 8 to 12 carbons were found to be more strongly antiviral and antibacterial when added to milk and formula than long chain monoglycerides. lipids added to milk and formula inactivated a numb ...199512049996
group b streptococcal cellulitis of perineum and lower abdomen: report of one case.this report describes a 4-week-old female baby with disseminated group b streptococcus (gbs) infection. the illness began as a swelling with violaceous hue of perineum and lower abdomen, a manifestation that may be falsely attributed to a traumatic injury. gbs septicemia, meningitis and cellulitis of lower abdomen was confirmed by cultures. this case illustrated an unusual presentation of gbs infection as cellulitis of lower abdomen. the presence of concurrent septicemia and meningitis in this c ...19968935414
immune response to type iii group b streptococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine.group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important perinatal pathogen. because transplacentally acquired maternal antibodies to the gbs capsular polysaccharides (cps) confer protection, prevention of infant disease may be possible after immunization of women. unfortunately, the purified cps of gbs are only variably immunogenic in adults; therefore to enhance immunogenicity we have designed and developed a cps-protein conjugate vaccine. the lability of a conformationally dependent epitope on the iii cps ...19968941648
effects of group b streptococcus on the responses to u46619, endothelin-1, and noradrenaline in isolated pulmonary and mesenteric arteries of piglets.the release of endogenous vasoconstrictors together with changes in the vascular responses are central to the pathophysiology of sepsis. the effects of in vitro incubation for 20 h with heat-killed group b streptococcus (gbs, 3 x 10(7) colony-forming units ml-1) on the vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline (na, 10(-8) to 10(-4) m), the thromboxane a2 analog 9,11-dideoxy-11 alpha, 9 alpha-epoxymethanoprostaglandin f2 alpha (u46619; 10(-10) m to 10(-6) m) and endothelin-1 (et-1, 10(-11) to 3 ...19968947958
group b streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome with fulminant cellulitis.nonperipartum group b streptococcus infection usually occurs in elderly persons and in patients with underlying systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, malignancy, or alcoholism). group b streptococcal infections in adults are often life threatening, and have been associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome. we present a case of fulminant group b streptococcal cellulitis in a patient with sarcoidosis who was receiving corticosteroid therapy and who became hypotensive as her cellulitis rapidly progres ...19968950130
inadequacy of rapid immunoassays for intrapartum detection of group b streptococcal carriers.to determine the accuracy of two currently used immunoassays and a newly developed optical immunoassay for rapid intrapartum detection of group b streptococcal colonization compared with culture methods.19968684761
probable community acquisition of group b streptococcus in an infant with late-onset disease: demonstration using field inversion gel electrophoresis. 19968673208
bacteremia shortly after placental separation during cesarean delivery.to assess frequency, risk factors, and microbiology of bacteremia within 15 minutes of placental separation during cesarean delivery.19968677085
septic sternoclavicular arthritis caused by group b streptococcus: case report and review. 19968852988
glycoconjugate vaccines: future combinations.there is a large and growing base of knowledge about the protective immune response to encapsulated bacterial pathogens. this information is a clear advantage to the development of glycoconjugate vaccines. it is well understood for such pathogens as haemophilus b, pneumococcus, meningococcus and group b streptococcus that the induction of a functional anti-saccharide antibody response is likely to be protective. the most important question for glycoconjugate vaccines is the magnitude of the resp ...19968854027
perinatal group b streptococcal infections: the nurse's role in identification and prophylaxis.group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of perinatal infectious morbidity and mortality in the united states. an estimated 50,000 women and 7,600 neonates experience gbs disease, and as many as 310 infants die each year. in 1992, the american academy of pediatrics published recommendations for identification and treatment of pregnant women colonized with gbs. in 1996, the centers for disease control and prevention and the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists developed more co ...19968868623
group b streptococcus and preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of antepartum ampicillin.our purpose was to determine whether ampicillin prolongs the latency period after preterm premature rupture of membranes in patients colonized with group b streptococcus.19968885772
hemodynamic effects of n-acetylamrinone in a porcine model of group b streptococcal sepsis.high plasma concentrations of n-acetylamrinone, a primary metabolite of amrinone, are measured in some children during prolonged amrinone infusion. the purpose of this investigation was to determine if n-acetylamrinone has direct hemodynamic effects independent of amrinone. twenty neonatal piglets received an infusion of 6 x 10(9) colony-forming units/kg of group b streptococcus to induce sepsis. subsequently, they were divided into 1 of 3 groups and received a 1-hr infusion of either normal sal ...19968886615
[study on septicaemia in infants and children in the past 20 years. part 1. an analysis of causal organisms].causal organisms and their changes were evaluated in 158 cases of septicaemia admitted to jikei university hospital from 1975 to 1994. eighty patients (50.6%) were aged less than 1 year, and 37 patients (23.4%) were newborns. the average mortality rate was 18.4%. the mortality rate between 1975 and 1984 was 26.8%, and that of the past 10 years (from 1985 to 1994) decreased to 13.7%. staphylococcus aureus (29 cases, 19.4%) was the most common pathogens isolated, followed by pseudomonas sp. (24 ca ...19968890544
simultaneous occurrence of group b streptococcus and echovirus 20. 19968891568
effect of intravenous immunoglobulin g on the deposition of immunoglobulin g and c3 onto type iii group b streptococcus and escherichia coli k1.seventeen neonates with suspected or proven sepsis received either a 750 mg/kg dose of intravenous immunoglobulin g (ivig) or placebo. compared with values in adult serum, the preinfusion serum concentrations of immunoglobulin g (igg) and complement component c3 were diminished; the concentrations were unaffected by the administration of placebo to nine infants. fifteen minutes after infusion in the eight ivig recipients, the serum concentration of igg increased from 3.66 mg/ml to 16.58 mg/ml bu ...19968915932
group b streptococcus in the perinatal period. a review.prior to the 1960s, little was known about morbidity and mortality in humans due to group b streptococcus (gbs). since that time, a thorough understanding of the organism's potential has been developed. of pregnant women, 20-30% are prenatal carriers of gbs and 40-75% of these mothers will transmit gbs to their neonates. however, the actual incidence of gbs disease in infants is one to three cases per 1,000 live births. several risk factors for transmission and development of early-onset gbs dis ...19968916675
infection and prematurity: evidence-based approaches.the real cost savings arising from effectively preventing or treating preterm birth ascribable to prevalent reproductive tract infections are demonstrated in the lives of children saved from premature death and personal, biologic and economic impairment. three meta-analyses demonstrate neonatal and maternal benefits from adjunctive antibiotic treatment of mothers suffering preterm premature rupture of membranes. the effects of adjunctive antibiotic treatment of women with preterm labor are incon ...19968979014
management of neonates born to mothers with group b streptococcus colonization.approximately 20% of pregnant women harbor group b streptococcus (gbs) in the lower genital tract at the time of delivery. intrapartum chemoprophylaxis of mothers with gbs colonization who have risk factors for neonatal gbs at delivery improves the outcome of the neonates. the recommendations for treating newborn infants of mothers who receive intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for gbs colonization and the recommendations for those who do not remain empiric, because clinical studies to support such re ...19968979187
[a case of fluminant septic shock due to streptococcus agalactiae in a patient with mpo-anca related glomerulonephritis].recently group a streptococcus toxic shock like syndrome (tsls) has been reported, but as for group b streptococcus (s. agalactiae) infection, there have been little documentation in the literature. we report a case of fluminant septic shock due to streptococcus agalactiae (s. agalactiae). a 72-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue and azotemia. he was diagnosed as having mpo-anca related glomerulonephritis and treated with steroid therapy. gradually he was doing ...19968986074
intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for group b streptococcus infection to prevent neonatal disease: who should be treated?the purpose of this study was to examine the maternal risk factors associated with early onset group b streptococcus (gbs) sepsis and determine the potential impact of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis using these risk factors. using a computerized perinatal database, 26,525 deliveries over a five-year period (1989 to 1994) were identified. neonates with gbs-positive cultures were identified and the neonatal and maternal chart of each case was reviewed. twenty-six neonates (1 of 1000) had gbs sepsis ...19968989480
evaluation of the use of bactec anaerobic blood cultures in the detection of bacteraemia and fungaemia in children.in an attempt to reduce costs, the role of bactec anaerobic blood culture in the detection of bacteraemia and fungaemia in children was evaluated. results from 3167 sets of aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures from children admitted to the university hospital, kuala lumpur during a one year period, were analysed. four hundred and eight (12.9%) sets of blood cultures were positive, of which 348 sets (11.0%) from 201 patients were clinically significant. of the 348 significant positive sets, organ ...199610879222
experimental vaccination against group b streptococcus, an encapsulated bacterium, with highly purified preparations of cell surface proteins rib and alpha.encapsulated bacteria cause some of the most common diseases in humans. although the polysaccharide capsules of these pathogens have attracted the most attention with regard to vaccine development, recent evidence suggests that bacterial surface proteins may also be used to confer protective immunity. we have analyzed this possibility in group b streptococcus (gbs), an encapsulated bacterium that is the major cause of invasive bacterial disease in the neonatal period. previous work has shown tha ...19968751893
early-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: a report from the national institute of child health and human development neonatal research network.early-onset sepsis (occurring within 72 hours of birth) is included in the differential diagnosis of most very low birth weight (vlbw) neonates. to determine the current incidence of early-onset sepsis, risk factors for disease, and the impact of early-onset sepsis on subsequent hospital course, we studied a cohort of 7861 vlbw neonates (401 to 1500 gm) admitted to the 12 national institute of child health and human development (nichd) neonatal research network centers during a 32-month period ( ...19968757565
neurotoxicity of glia activated by gram-positive bacterial products depends on nitric oxide production.the present study examined the mechanism by which bacterial cell walls from two gram-positive meningeal pathogens, streptococcus pneumoniae and the group b streptococcus, induced neuronal injury in primary cultures of rat brain cells. cell walls from both organisms produced cellular injury to similar degrees in pure astrocyte cultures but not in pure neuronal cultures. cell walls also induced nitric oxide production in cultures of astrocytes or microglia. when neurons were cultured together with ...19968757846
[vaginal colonization of group b streptococcus: a study in 267 cases of factory women].an epidemiologic study on vaginal colonization of group b streptococcus (gbs) from non-pregnancy women was carried out. two hundred sixty seven female workers were studied. the carrier rate of gbs in vaginal specimens was 10.86%. women aged 45 years old and above had more cases with genital tract gbs colonization. women with vaginal colonization had more history of miscarriage and using iud. we did not find the positive correlations between vaginal colonization and oral contraceptive, ovarian cy ...19968758413
[neurologic manifestations in a child of a mother with gestational herpes].herpes gestationis in the neonate is usually associated with an increased risk of premature birth and/or low birth weight for gestational age (ga) and sometimes skin lesions. neurologic manifestations are nos described in these babies.19968763717
the effect of timing of single-dose transplacental ampicillin-sulbactam therapy for prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal colonization and bacteremia in a rabbit model.our purpose was to evaluate the effect of maternal administration of ampicillin-sulbactam on group b streptococcal colonization and bacteremia in newborn rabbits.19968765261
volume of blood required to detect common neonatal pathogens.to determine the minimum volume of blood and the absolute number of organisms required for detection of bacteremia and fungemia by an automated colorimetric blood culture system (bact/alert, organon teknika).19968765627
group b streptococcus impairs erythrocyte deformability in neonates more than in adults.group b beta-haemolytic streptococcus (gbs) may cause severe septic shock and death in neonates, whereas this is rarely the case in adults. as impaired red blood cell (rbc) deformability might disturb microcirculation in septic shock, the in vitro effects of gbs (1.7 x 10(8) cfu/ml) on rbc deformation (rheoscope) and haemolysis were studied in blood from preterm infants, term neonates, and adults. furthermore, rbc deformation was studied in term neonates with gbs sepsis. rbc deformation at a she ...19968777682
acute inflammatory changes in subcutaneous microtumors in the ears of mice induced by intravenous cm101 (gbs toxin).cm101, a bacterial polysaccharide derived from group b streptococcus, induces pronounced inflammatory changes in and around tumor blood vessels 60 min after i.v. injection. a technique has been developed for implanting small numbers of tumor cells in the ear skin of mice. this allows macroscopic examination of the tumor and its supporting blood vessels as it reaches the 10000 cell size and greater. treatments can be monitored in this model for effects on small "metastatic-like" tumor nodules by ...19968781569
[neonatal pericarditis of benign outcome during maternofetal group b streptococcus infection]. 19968785547
comparison of a modified dna hybridization assay with standard culture enrichment for detecting group b streptococci in obstetric patients.infection with group b streptococcus (gbs) results in 12,000 to 15,000 cases of neonatal sepsis annually in the united states. gbs is transmitted vertically in up to 70% of infants born to colonized women. early-onset gbs disease (septicemia, pneumonia, or meningitis occurring within 7 days of life) has a mortality rate of up to 50%, with permanent neurologic sequelae occurring in 15 to 50% of infants surviving meningeal infection. because of the fulminant nature of neonatal infection, it would ...19968789012
endogenous interleukin-11 (il-11) expression is increased and prophylactic use of exogenous il-11 enhances platelet recovery and improves survival during thrombocytopenia associated with experimental group b streptococcal sepsis in neonatal rats.future preventive and/or concurrent therapy of neonatal sepsis may require the use of adjuvant immunohematopoietic therapy. in the present study, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated a significant increase in il-11 mrna extracted from the femurs of group b streptococcus (gbs)-infected rats during acute thrombocytopenia (platelet count: 65.8 +/- 19.3 k/mm3, n = 5) compared to that of uninfected neonatal rats (nr) (635.2 +/- 89 k/mm3, n = 5) (174 +/- 17% vs. 100%, ...19968807086
effects of group-a streptolysin o on neonatal and adult red blood cell deformability and haemolysis.neonates are more susceptible than adults to many gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. whereas group b streptococcus causes life-threatening infections in neonates, group a beta-haemolytic streptococcus infections rarely occur in neonates. to test the hypothesis that group a streptococcus may have different effects on neonatal and adult red blood cells (rbcs), haemolysis and deformability (rheoscope) of rbcs from adults, full-term and pre-term neonates were studied during 60 min ...19968817159
changes in cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrovascular endothelin concentrations during hypotension and hypertension in newborn piglets with induced sterile meningitis.the effects of sterile meningitis on endothelin-1 (et-1) and big et-1 concentrations during hypotension and hypertension were studied in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of newborn piglets. cerebrospinal fluid was obtained via cisterna magna puncture, and blood was obtained from the sagittal sinus vein and left subclavian artery. the study group consisted of 14 newborn piglets injected with 0.5 ml heat-killed group b streptococcus (gbs) (10(9) colony forming unit (cfu) equivalents), into the r ...19968828883
characterization of cpsf and its product cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase, a group b streptococcal enzyme that can function in k1 capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in escherichia coli.group b streptococcus (gbs) is the foremost cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the united states. a major virulence factor for gbs is its capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular weight polymer of branched oligosaccharide subunits. n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac or sialic acid), at the end of the polysaccharide side chains, is critical to the virulence function of the capsular polysaccharide. neu5ac must be activated by cmp-neu5ac synthetase before it is incorporated into the polymer. ...19968830246
[oxygen transport and consumption and oxygen saturation in the right atrium in an experimental model of neonatal septic shock].mixed venous oxygen saturation monitoring is useful to know about the balance of oxygen supply and consumption in patient with shock as well as a form of assessing the effects of different therapeutic maneuvers. because of newborn peculiarities this measurement is difficult and therefore, the monitoring of the shock state is limited.19968830575
sexual behavior and vaginal colonization by group b streptococcus among minority women.to test the hypothesis that sexual behaviors predict colonization of the vagina by group b streptococcus among minority women.19968841222
neonatal bacterial sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit: a 5 year analysis.to study the pattern of neonatal sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) during a 5 year period and assess the relationship between maternal risk factors and early onset sepsis (eos).19968844541
a comparison of the yield of positive antenatal group b streptococcus cultures with direct inoculation in selective growth medium versus primary inoculation in transport medium followed by delayed inoculation in selective growth medium.our purpose was to compare the yield of positive group b streptococcus cultures with standard medium for transport of culture swabs compared with use of selective medium during transport.19968694042
testing for group b streptococcus latex particle agglutination. 19968700096
identification of a family of streptococcal surface proteins with extremely repetitive structure.the group b streptococcus (gbs) causes the majority of life-threatening bacterial infections in newborn children. most gbs strains isolated from such infections express a surface protein, designated rib, that confers protective immunity and therefore is of interest for analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms. sequence analysis demonstrated that rib has an exceptionally long signal peptide (55 amino acid residues) and 12 repeats (79 amino acid residues each) that account for >80% of the sequence of t ...19968702550
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