Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the genome of the obligately intracellular bacterium ehrlichia canis reveals themes of complex membrane structure and immune evasion strategies. | ehrlichia canis, a small obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted, gram-negative, alpha-proteobacterium, is the primary etiologic agent of globally distributed canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. complete genome sequencing revealed that the e. canis genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 1,315,030 bp predicted to encode 925 proteins, 40 stable rna species, 17 putative pseudogenes, and a substantial proportion of noncoding sequence (27%). interesting genome features include a large set o ... | 2006 | 16707693 |
| differential expression and sequence conservation of the anaplasma marginale msp2 gene superfamily outer membrane proteins. | bacterial pathogens in the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia encode a protein superfamily, pfam01617, which includes the predominant outer membrane proteins (omps) of each species, major surface protein 2 (msp2) and msp3 of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum msp2 (p44), ehrlichia chaffeensis p28-omp, ehrlichia canis p30, and ehrlichia ruminantium map1, and has been shown to be involved in both antigenic variation within the mammalian host and differential expression b ... | 2006 | 16714578 |
| first evidence of feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, parvovirus, and ehrlichia exposure in brazilian free-ranging felids. | serum samples from 18 pumas (puma concolor), one ocelot (leopardus pardalis), and two little spotted cats (leopardus tigrinus) collected from free-ranging animals in brazil between 1998 and 2004 were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) for antibodies to feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv 1), calicivirus (fcv), coronavirus (fcov), parvo-virus (fpv), ehrlichia canis, anaplasma pha-gocytophilum, and bartonella henselae. serum samples also were tested, by western blot and elisa, for feline leukemia v ... | 2006 | 16870878 |
| tick-transmitted diseases in dogs: clinicopathological findings. | in this article we describe the main clinicopathological findings of some tick-transmitted diseases observed in italy, due to ehrlichia canis and babesia canis, and most rarely anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma platys. canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) is a multisystemic disorder that is characterized by various clinical signs. acutely-infected dogs show various clinical and haematological abnormalities including fever, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, lethargy, depression and thrombocytopenia ... | 2006 | 16881415 |
| dog tick-borne diseases in sicily. | in sicily many tick borne diseases are endemic, in particular way those that see like main carrier ticks that prefer, for their vital cycle, climatic conditions characterized by high temperatures and a warmth-humid atmosphere. the more important pathologies transmitted by ticks causing diseases in dogs are babesiosis and ehrlichiosis. borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia conorii, coxiella burnetii and tick transmitted encephalitis virus assume particular relevance because ... | 2006 | 16881419 |
| serological and molecular evidence of exposure to arthropod-borne organisms in cats from northeastern spain. | one hundred sixty-eight cat sera from spain were tested for igg antibodies to rickettsia conorii (rc), ehrlichia canis (ec), anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap) and bartonella henselae (bh) antigens using ifa and for felv antigen and fiv antibody by elisa. for 47 whole blood samples, pcr testing was performed for rickettsia, ehrlichia and bartonella. seroprevalences were: bh (71.4%), rc (44%), ec (11.3%), felv (8.5%), fiv (7.4%) and ap (1.8%). bh antibodies were associated with seroreactivity to both ... | 2006 | 16919405 |
| unique macrophage and tick cell-specific protein expression from the p28/p30-outer membrane protein multigene locus in ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia canis. | ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia canis are tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogens that cause human and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis respectively. we tested the hypothesis that these pathogens express unique proteins in response to their growth in vertebrate and tick host cells and that this differential expression is similar in closely related ehrlichia species. evaluation of nine e. chaffeensis isolates and one e. canis isolate demonstrated that protein expression was host cell-dependent. t ... | 2006 | 16922866 |
| failure of imidocarb dipropionate to clear experimentally induced ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. | the recommended treatment for canine ehrlichiosis is tetracycline or its analog doxycycline, although recent reports have documented ineffective clearing of erchlichia canis after doxycycline administration. imidocarb dipropionate is used as an alternative treatment to tetracycline or is used in conjunction with doxycycline. the effectiveness of imidocarb dipropionate in clearing ehrlichia species from the blood and tissues of dogs with e. canis infection has not been thoroughly evaluated. fifte ... | 2006 | 16955806 |
| tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in ticks and small mammals in korea. | in order to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne infectious agents among ticks, ticks comprising five species from two genera (hemaphysalis spp. and ixodes spp.) were screened using molecular techniques. ticks (3,135) were collected from small wild-caught mammals or by dragging/flagging in the republic of korea (rok) and were pooled into a total of 1,638 samples (1 to 27 ticks per pool). from the 1,638 tick samples, species-specific fragments of anaplasma phagocytophilum (1 sample), anaplasm ... | 2006 | 16957192 |
| experimental ehrlichia canis infection in the dog does not cause immunosuppression. | a carrier state develops in some ehrlichia canis-infected dogs due to ineffective host defenses. the subsequent development of immune-mediated diseases or opportunistic infections in chronic ehrlichiosis suggests dysregulation of immunity; however, the immunobiology of this infection has not been well characterized. in this study, eight dogs were infected with e. canis, and changes in seroreactivity, serum immunoglobulin (ig) concentrations, peripheral blood t cell subsets, lymphocyte blastogene ... | 2006 | 16169601 |
| experimental inoculation of beagle dogs with ehrlichia species detected from ixodes ovatus. | three beagle dogs were inoculated with mice spleen/liver homogenate infected with ehrlichia species detected from ixodes ovatus (eio) and one dog was used as a control. all three infected dogs did not show clinical signs of disease except for mild pyrexia throughout the 41-day study period. splenomegaly was observed from day 7 post-inoculation (p.i.) in two of the dogs. hematological and biochemical abnormalities included mild thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and increased c- ... | 2006 | 16309840 |
| differentially expressed and secreted major immunoreactive protein orthologs of ehrlichia canis and e. chaffeensis elicit early antibody responses to epitopes on glycosylated tandem repeats. | ehrlichia canis major immunoreactive proteins of 36 and 19 kda elicit the earliest detectable antibody responses during the acute phase of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. genes encoding the major immunoreactive 36-kda protein of e. canis and the corresponding ortholog of e. chaffeensis (47 kda) were identified and the proteins characterized. the molecular masses of the strongly immunoreactive recombinant proteins were larger than predicted (26.7 and 32.9 kda, respectively) but were consistent wit ... | 2006 | 16369028 |
| the low seroprevalence of tick-transmitted agents of disease in dogs from southern ontario and quebec. | infectious diseases caused by pathogens transmitted by ticks and other insect vectors are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both dogs and humans throughout north america. the purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of selected vector-transmitted pathogens in southern ontario and quebec. samples submitted to the vector borne disease diagnostic laboratory (vbddl) at the north carolina state university college of veterinary medicine were evaluated for antibodies to ... | 2006 | 17217089 |
| prevalence of ehrlichia canis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) in dogs and rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) ticks from brazil. | the current study evaluated the prevalence of ehrlichia canis donatien and lestoquard in domestic dogs, canis familiaris l., and rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (acari: ixodidae) ticks from different areas of brazil. in monte negro county (state of rondônia, brazilian western amazon), the indirect immunofluorescence assay detected e. canis-reactive antibodies (titer > or = 40) in 58/153 (37.9%) and 40/161 (24.8%) dogs from the urban and rural areas, respectively. these values were significa ... | 2007 | 17294930 |
| detection of rickettsia rickettsii and bartonella henselae in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from california. | sixty-two questing adult rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) ticks were collected by direct removal from blades of turfgrass and adjacent concrete walkways at a suburban home in riverside county, ca, and tested for the presence of rickettsia, bartonella, and ehrlichia dna. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify fragments of the 17-kda antigen gene and the rompa gene of the spotted fever group rickettsiae. one male tick contained r. rickettsii dna; its genotype differed from r. rick ... | 2007 | 17294935 |
| immunogenicity of anaplasma marginale type iv secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccine. | rickettsial pathogens in the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia cause acute infection in immunologically naive hosts and are major causes of tick-borne disease in animals and humans. immunization with purified outer membranes induces protection against acute anaplasma marginale infection and disease, and a proteomic and genomic approach recently identified 21 proteins within the outer membrane immunogen in addition to the well-characterized major surface proteins msp1 to msp5. among the newly descri ... | 2007 | 17339347 |
| development of a sensitive and specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a baculovirus recombinant antigen for detection of specific antibodies against ehrlichia canis. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on baculovirus recombinant p30 protein of ehrlichia canis and the 1bh4 anticanine igg monoclonal antibody was developed and evaluated by examining a panel of 98 positive and 157 negative sera using the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test as the reference technique. the p30-based elisa appeared to be sensitive and specific (77.55% and 95.54%, respectively) when qualitative results (positive/negative) were compared with those of the ... | 2007 | 17998551 |
| surveillance for zoonotic vector-borne infections using sick dogs from southeastern brazil. | for many vector-borne organisms, dogs can be used as sentinels to estimate the risk of human infection. the objective of this study was to use dogs as sentinels for multiple vector-borne organisms in order to evaluate the potential for human infection with these agents in southeastern brazil. blood from 198 sick dogs with clinicopathological abnormalities consistent with tick-borne infections were selected at the são paulo state university veterinary teaching hospital in botucatu and tested for ... | 2007 | 18021025 |
| outbreak of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in saudi arabia. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) is a widespread tickborne infection of canids caused by ehrlichia canis, a gram-negative obligatory intracellular bacteria belonging to the family anaplasmataceae. cme is reported to have worldwide distribution, but its presence in a region requires the presence of the vector, the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. | 2007 | 18041697 |
| [frequency of antibodies anti-ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi and dirofilaria immitis antigens in dogs from microrregion ilhéus-itabuna, state of bahia, brazil]. | in order to detect the positivity to antigens of dirofilaria immitis, antibodies anti-borrelia burgdorferi and anti-ehrlichia canis, 200 canine blood samples were collected as followed: 100 from the municipality of ilhéus and 100 from itabuna, state of bahia. the kit snap 3dx (idexx laboratories) was used to performe serology. none of the tested animalswere positive for antigens of d. immitis. only two dogs of them were positive for antibodies anti-b. burgdorferi. from all the samples analyzed, ... | 2007 | 18078596 |
| immune-mediated erythroid and megakaryocytic aplasia in a cat. | a 6-month-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of acute lethargy. | 2007 | 17397342 |
| comparison of serological assays for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in animals presenting different clinical manifestations. | three serological methods, indirect fluorescent immunoassay (ifi), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and direct agglutination test (dat) that are commonly employed in the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl), have been assessed. a total of 234 domestic dogs, drawn from an area in the municipality of belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil, endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, were submitted to clinical and parasitological examinations and serological assay. sera collected from co ... | 2007 | 17403582 |
| b-cell lymphoma in a dog with ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia canis) and systemic histoplasmosis (histoplasma capsulatum). | a mixed breed dog treated for ehrlichiosis and systemic histoplasmosis developed a refractory thrombocytopenia. when an abdominal mass was detected, exploratory laparotomy and biopsies confirmed lymphoma, which on immunohistochemical stains was determined to be of b-cell origin. conceivably, the b-cell lymphoma in this dog was associated with chronic inflammation from ehrlichiosis, histoplasmosis, or both. | 2007 | 17436907 |
| ocular manifestations of natural canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia canis): a retrospective study of 90 cases. | to investigate the spectrum, prevalence and treatment response rate of ocular manifestations associated with natural canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) due to ehrlichia canis. | 2007 | 17445073 |
| seroprevalence of selected infectious agents in a free-ranging, low-density lion population in the central kalahari game reserves in botswana. | twenty-one free-ranging central kalahari lions (panthera leo) exhibited a high prevalence rate of feline herpesvirus (100%) and feline immunodeficiency virus (71.4%). canine distemper virus and feline calicivirus occurred with a low prevalence. all individuals tested negative for feline coronavirus, feline parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17460117 |
| spirochetemia caused by borrelia turicatae infection in 3 dogs in texas. | spirochetemia was diagnosed in 2 siberian huskies and a rottweiler from the northwestern region of texas between june 1999 and october 2001. clinical findings were nonspecific; tick exposure was documented in 2 of the dogs. hematologic abnormalities included anemia (n=2), neutrophilia (n=2, including 1 with a left shift), lymphopenia (n=3), eosinopenia (n=3), and thrombocytopenia (n=2). one anemic dog had a positive coombs' test. in 1 dog, western blot analysis of serum yielded multiple positive ... | 2007 | 17523100 |
| molecular evidence of a new strain of ehrlichia canis from south america. | blood samples from dogs with clinical signs compatible with ehrlichiosis were examined for infection of ehrlichia canis using pcr, multiplex real-time pcr, and dna sequencing analysis. eleven of 25 samples were positive for a new strain of e. canis. this is the first molecular identification of e. canis infection in dogs from peru. | 2007 | 17596368 |
| tick acquisition of ehrlichia canis from dogs treated with doxycycline hyclate. | doxycycline generally alleviates clinical monocytic ehrlichiosis, but its efficacy in the control of monocytotropic ehrlichial pathogens requires further investigation. in this study, ehrlichia canis was detected in dogs treated with doxycycline for 14 days and in ticks fed on these dogs, suggesting that treated dogs can remain reservoirs for e. canis. | 2007 | 17606682 |
| endocrine predictors of mortality in canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis rossi. | this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was designed to determine the association between the hormones of the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroid axes and outcome in dogs with naturally occurring babesia canis rossi babesiosis. ninety-five dogs with canine babesiosis were studied and blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein in each dog prior to treatment at admission to hospital. serum cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth), thyroxine, free thyroxine and thyrot ... | 2007 | 17614201 |
| coinfection with multiple tick-borne and intestinal parasites in a 6-week-old dog. | coinfection with ehrlichia canis, babesia canis, hepatozoon canis, isospora spp., giardia spp., and dipylidium caninum were detected in a 6-week-old dog. the effect of multi-pathogen infection was a fatal combination of gastrointestinal and hematologic abnormalities, including diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, distended painful abdomen, intussusception, severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hypoproteinemia. | 2007 | 17616060 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene of ehrlichia canis strains in dogs with clinical monocytic ehrlichiosis. | the purpose of this study was to characterize, at the molecular level, the ehrlichia canis strains involved in naturally occurring canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) in greece, and to investigate if any sequence diversity exists between the 16s rrna genes of those involved in the mild non-myelosuppressive or the severe myelosuppressive form of cme. to this end, amplification of the ehrlichial 16s rrna gene was attempted by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays in bone marrow (bm) aspira ... | 2007 | 17624694 |
| doxycycline clearance of experimentally induced chronic ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. | ineffective clearance of ehrlichia canis after doxycycline administration has been reported despite the fact that the recommended treatment for canine ehrlichiosis is doxycycline. the effectiveness of doxycycline in clearing e canis infection from the blood and tissues of dogs requires additional evaluation. | 2007 | 18196732 |
| ehrlichia canis gp200 contains dominant species-specific antibody epitopes in terminal acidic domains. | species-specific antibody epitopes within several major immunoreactive protein orthologs of ehrlichia species have recently been identified and molecularly characterized. in this study, dominant b-cell epitopes within the acidic (pi 5.35) ankyrin repeat-containing 200-kda major immunoreactive protein (gp200) of ehrlichia canis were defined. the e. canis gp200 gene (4,263 bp; 1,421 amino acids) was cloned and expressed as four (n-terminal, 1,107 bp; n-internal, 910 bp; c-internal, 1,000 bp; and c ... | 2007 | 17682040 |
| screening dogs in ontario for borrelia burgdorferi and ehrlichia canis should be selective rather than routine. | 2007 | 17824154 | |
| a preliminary investigation of ehrlichia species in ticks, humans, dogs, and capybaras from brazil. | a molecular epidemiologic investigation in two brazilian states (rondônia and são paulo) was undertaken to determine if ehrlichia species responsible for human and animal ehrlichioses in north america could be found in brazilian vectors, potential natural mammalian reservoirs and febrile human patients with a tick bite history. samples, including 376 ticks comprising 9 amblyomma species, 29 capybara (hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) spleens, 5 canine blood, and 75 human blood samples from febrile pati ... | 2007 | 16962245 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with conserved immunoreactive glycoproteins gp36 and gp19 has enhanced sensitivity and provides species-specific immunodiagnosis of ehrlichia canis infection. | ehrlichia canis is the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, a globally distributed and potentially fatal disease of dogs. we previously reported on the identification of two conserved major immunoreactive antigens, gp36 and gp19, which are the first proteins to elicit an e. canis-specific antibody response, and gp200 and p28, which elicit strong antibody responses later in the acute phase of the infection. in this report, the sensitivities and specificities of five recombina ... | 2007 | 17151186 |
| serological survey of ehrlichia and anaplasma infection of feral raccoons (procyon lotor) in kanagawa prefecture, japan. | numbers of feral raccoon; the possible reservoir animal of ehrlichia and anaplasma, are increasing in japan. thus serological methods were utilized to examine ehrlichia and anaplasma infection in raccoons from kanagawa prefecture, japan. by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, among 187 feral raccoons examined, 1 (0.5%) serologically reacted with ehrlichia canis, 3 (1.6%) with ehrlichia chaffeensis and 1 (0.5%) with anaplasma phagocytophilum with the titers of 1:40 or more. although scree ... | 2007 | 17157441 |
| sero-prevalence and risk indicators for canine ehrlichiosis in three rural areas of brazil. | ehrlichia canis has a worldwide geographic distribution, occurring particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. in brazil, the main vector in urban areas is believed to be the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus, but little is known about the occurrence, transmission and other epidemiological aspects of canine ehrlichiosis in rural areas, where amblyomma ticks are found more frequently than r. sanguineus. a sero-prevalence study of canine ehrlichiosis was carried out in three distinct rur ... | 2007 | 17204439 |
| identification of a glycosylated ehrlichia canis 19-kilodalton major immunoreactive protein with a species-specific serine-rich glycopeptide epitope. | ehrlichia canis has a small subset of major immunoreactive proteins that includes a 19-kda protein that elicits an early ehrlichia-specific antibody response in infected dogs. we report herein the identification and molecular characterization of this highly conserved 19-kda major immunoreactive glycoprotein (gp19) ortholog of the ehrlichia chaffeensis variable-length pcr target (vlpt) protein. e. canis gp19 has substantial carboxyl-terminal amino acid homology (59%) with e. chaffeensis vlpt and ... | 2007 | 17088359 |
| restriction and expansion of ehrlichia strain diversity. | ehrlichia are tick-borne gram negative, obligately intracellular bacteria. the 16s rrna gene dna sequences are highly conserved among strains of each ehrlichia species. the 28-kda/map-1 outer membrane protein genes are highly diversified among strains of ehrlichia chaffeensis and e. ruminantium, but are highly conserved among e. canis isolates. the diversity of the immunodominant proteins of e. chaffeensis and e. ruminantium in contrast with the conservation of the immunodominant proteins of e. ... | 2007 | 16996215 |
| the glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications. | there is controversy regarding the clinical utility of classifying foods according to their glycemic responses by using the glycemic index (gi). part of the controversy is due to methodologic variables that can markedly affect the interpretation of glycemic responses and the gi values obtained. recent studies support the clinical utility of the gi. within limits determined by the expected gi difference and by the day-to-day variation of glycemic responses, the gi predicts the ranking of the glyc ... | 2007 | 1951155 |
| time course and interrelation of reperfusion-induced st changes and ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. | with the increasing use of thrombolytic therapy, the presence and time course of reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias and st-segment changes have become of particular interest. technical improvements in bipolar holter monitoring offer the opportunity to record both parameters continuously and simultaneously. time course and interaction of both parameters in dependence on the onset of thrombolysis and time of reperfusion were investigated in 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction. re ... | 2007 | 1951071 |
| efficacy and pharmacokinetics of intravenous immune globulin administration to high-risk neonates. | objective--to determine whether intravenous immune globulin (ivig) administration modifies the incidence of infections in high-risk neonates. design--randomized, double-blind study. setting--neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary care center. | 2007 | 1951212 |
| cherry: who are you? | do we need a new role model to inspire today's teenagers to look at nursing as a career? if so, who and what should this character be? billingsley offers her ideas. | 2007 | 1876191 |
| contamination of operating room personnel during total arthroplasty. | the authors prospectively evaluated the degree of contamination to the operating room team during 60 consecutive total joint arthroplasties. each member of the team was required to wear a hood, mask, protective eyewear, and shoecovers. at the conclusion of each procedure, all members were assessed in terms of degree and location of contamination. one hundred percent of the surgeons and first assistants were exposed. the face and eyewear were noted to be the area of greatest contamination. the au ... | 2007 | 1914319 |
| hormonal control of gene expression: interactions between two trans-acting regulators in drosophila. | the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20he) and the broad-complex locus (brc) are involved in regulating developmental changes in gene expression around the time of metamorphosis in drosophila. we have investigated the regulatory interactions between 20he, brc, and a set of genes expressed in the fat body of third-instar drosophila larvae. rna levels for two hormone-inducible genes, larval serum protein-2 and p1, accumulate to normal levels in brc-mutant larvae. in contrast, rna levels for the ... | 2007 | 1899839 |
| production in nature of compound resembling methylphenyltetrahydropyridine, a possible cause of parkinson's disease. | 2007 | 2857280 | |
| pyogenic meningitis and cerebral abscesses after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. | infectious complications of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (eis) are rare. we report here a case in which pyogenic meningitis and multiple cerebral abscesses developed after a session of eis. the patient was successfully treated with a combination of parenteral antibiotics and repeated bedside pus aspirations. prophylactic antibiotics may be considered in such situations for subsequent sessions of eis. | 2007 | 1951249 |
| magnetic resonance imaging in infants exposed to cocaine prenatally: a preliminary report. | 2007 | 1914354 | |
| albumin excretion rate is not increased in atherosclerotic patients with peripheral vascular disease. | in type i diabetic patients, microalbuminuria is considered predictive of nephropathy and has been found associated with an increased mobility and mortality for atherosclerosis. an association between microalbuminuria and atherosclerosis has been reported in non diabetic atherosclerotic patients with hypertension. the aim of this study is to evaluate whether albumin excretion rate (aer) is increased in a selected group of normotensive patients with documented peripheral atherosclerotic disease. ... | 2007 | 1821046 |
| the differentiation of excitability in embryonic chick limb motoneurons. | the well-documented role of neuromuscular activity as a regulator of motoneuron and muscle development raises important questions about the differentiation of excitability in motoneurons. we have recently described changes in expression of voltage-dependent calcium currents that take place during neuromuscular development in the chick embryo (mccobb et al., 1989). we now report similar analyses, using whole-cell patch-recording methods, of the major currents underlying action potential generatio ... | 2007 | 2168941 |
| ventricular fibrillation in the wolff-parkinson-white syndrome. | ventricular fibrillation (vf) is a well-known but rare complication of the wolff-parkinson-white syndrome (wpw). clinical and electrophysiological data of 23 patients with spontaneous vf were compared with data from 100 consecutive patients with wpw without vf but with symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia. the 23 patients were collected in a multicentre retrospective study in seven european centres. vf occurred in only one patient who was receiving antiarrhythmic drugs, and was the first man ... | 2007 | 2044547 |
| the coexistence of lymphangiosarcoma and kaposi's sarcoma in a renal transplant recipient. | a case of coexisting lymphangiosarcoma and kaposi's sarcoma that occurred in a female renal transplant recipient is presented. both sarcomas were localized to the skin and were slowly progressive over several years. the coexistence of these two sarcomas may indicate that they arose from a common precursor endothelial cell and that systemic immune suppression may be important in the pathogenesis of both these malignancies. | 2007 | 1913470 |
| rolling chair sign. | 2007 | 2241609 | |
| [derivative spectroscopy and its use in sanitary hygiene control]. | an analytical method is developed for defining the residual quantities of rodenticide "brodifacoum" (talon) used in the control of harmful field rodents and especially for species microtus. the method is based on extracting the pesticide with chloroform and making use of spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet field in intervals 340-240 nm. the second derivative of the absorption is utilized as well as the band with maximum 288 nm and minimum 228 nm. the peak height in this interval is in proportio ... | 2007 | 2099444 |
| the dose rate effects on the in vitro radiolysis products of magnesium-guanosine-5'-monophosphate complexes in aqueous solutions. | this study examined the effects on the radiolysis of magnesium-guanosine-5'-monophosphate complexes in deaerated aqueous solutions, investigated by fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy. it was found that when the system was irradiated with a dose rate of 500 rad/min (low dose rate), the oh radicals, h atoms and hydrated electrons (eaq-) produced from radiolysis of water reacted mainly by addition to the double bonds c4 = c5 and n7 = c8 of guanine. when the dose rate was 23,800 rad/min ... | 2007 | 2168727 |
| [pregnancy after transfer of the gametes into the fallopian tubes]. | three patients with idiopathic sterility were treated by transferring the gametes into uterine tubes. clomiphene+ citrate stimulation of superovulation was employed. preovulatory oocytes were obtained via the laparoscopic approach. two oocytes with capacitated spermatozoa were placed into the tube of patient 1, four cells into one tube of the second patient, and two cells into each tube of the third patient. pregnancy started in two cases, uterine in one, eventuating in 12-13 weeks in spontaneou ... | 2007 | 1951975 |
| parkinson's disease as community health problem: study in norwegian nursing homes. the norwegian study group of parkinson's disease in the elderly. | to examine the extent of under-diagnosis and overdiagnosis of parkinson's disease and to determine quality of treatment in a defined population. | 2007 | 1932932 |
| signal detectability: the use of roc curves and their analyses. | issues related to roc curves are addressed. the original article on the subject by lee lusted, describing the "state of the art" 20 years ago, is reviewed. the concepts that lusted addressed are then expanded, suggesting the current state of the art. new issues that have arisen with regard to roc curves and their use in medicine are addressed. finally, potential areas for future investigation are suggested. | 2007 | 1865776 |
| amino acid sequence of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) from the crayfish, orconectes limosus: emergence of a novel neuropeptide family. | the primary structure of the major form of chh from sinus glands of the crayfish, orconectes limosus, was determined by manual edman microsequencing. it is a 72-residue peptide with a calculated mr of 8400 da. in the number of residues, it is identical to the chh of carcinus maenas and very similar to mih (moult inhibiting hormone) of homarus americanus. all three peptides have pglu as n-terminus in common, and val-nh2 is the c-terminal residue in orconectes and carcinus chh. six cys residues oc ... | 2007 | 1800954 |
| self-screening of blood pressure and sodium in a 24-hour urine sample as part of a school health programme. | a study was conducted to determine the usefulness of self-screening of blood pressure in families as part of a school health care programme, and to study the relationship between bp and sodium excretion in school children. in 750 families with 10-13 year old children, the mothers were instructed to take bp measurements on themselves, their child and the father whilst at home. a comparison of the children's bp measurements at home and at school with those of the parents showed the home measuremen ... | 2008 | 2258868 |
| [pain in the trochanteric region caused by tunnel compression of the lateral cutaneous perforating branch of the ilio-hypogastric nerve. indications for neurolysis]. | after consideration of anatomical and clinical studies, the authors describe a new tunnel syndrome involving the lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve as it emerges above the iliac crest. irritation of the strangulated nerve produces pain over the lateral aspect of the hip. in 7 cases where local infiltration failed, neurolysis was carried out and produced excellent results in 5 patients, thus confirming the pathophysiology of this syndrome. | 2008 | 2612275 |
| [pain in the trochanteric region caused by tunnel compression of the lateral cutaneous perforating branch of the ilio-hypogastric nerve. indications for neurolysis]. | after consideration of anatomical and clinical studies, the authors describe a new tunnel syndrome involving the lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve as it emerges above the iliac crest. irritation of the strangulated nerve produces pain over the lateral aspect of the hip. in 7 cases where local infiltration failed, neurolysis was carried out and produced excellent results in 5 patients, thus confirming the pathophysiology of this syndrome. | 2008 | 2612275 |
| [drug-induced cardiovascular complications]. | many drugs, including those prescribed in cardiology, can induce adverse cardiovascular side effects. most of the anti-arrhythmia drugs have a negative inotropic action and proarrhythmic effects. estroprogestative contraceptive drugs favor thromboembolitic events and increase the incidence of hypertension. due to the risk of coronary insufficiency, substitutive hormonotherapy in hypothyroidism must be introduced gradually. tricyclic anti-depressive drugs and neuroleptics can induce orthostatic h ... | 2008 | 2610453 |
| [characteristics of the functional state of the nervous system of middle-aged persons during anti-orthostatic hypokinesia]. | the functional state of the nervous system and its autonomic compartment was investigated in 15 men, aged 40-52 years, during their 30-day exposure to head-down tilt (-8 degrees). group 1 consisted of 9 subjects with early manifestations of cerebral atherosclerosis and group 2 included 6 subjects with cerebral atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension. the control group incorporated 9 healthy volunteers, aged 25-39 years. during adaptation to head-down tilt, middle-aged and young subjects showed ... | 2008 | 2292866 |
| diagnosis of peripheral androgen insensitivity in a male infant excretion analysis. | the hypothesis of peripheral androgen insensitivity (ais) was examined in a boy with congenital growth hormone deficiency associated with micropenis and cryptorchidism by steroid excretion analyses compared with dihydrotestosterone (dht) receptor analyses of foreskin biopsy homogenate. urinary t metabolite 3 alpha,17 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-androstane (3 beta-diol) was below the limit of detection (capillary gas chromatography) at age 1 year, but on several occasions (n = 7) normal basal values we ... | 2008 | 2568823 |
| copper(i)-bleomycin: structurally unique complex that mediates oxidative dna strand scission. | copper(i)-bleomycin [cu(i) x blm] was characterized in detail by 13c and 1h nmr. unequivocal chemical shift assignments for cu(i) x blm and cu(i) x blm x co were made by two-dimensional 1h-13c correlated spectroscopy and by utilizing the observation that cu(i) x blm was in rapid equilibrium with cu(i) and metal-free bleomycin, such that individual resonances in the spectra of blm and cu(i) x blm could be correlated. the binding of cu(i) by bleomycin involves the beta-aminoalaninamide and pyrimid ... | 2008 | 2581602 |
| [changes in protein and rna synthesis following acute hindbrain ischemia]. | protein and rna synthesis of the brain is affected by focal transient ischemia. protein synthesis is depressed by the depletion of energy metabolism during ischemia, and its recovery following recirculation is slower than restoration of energy metabolism. on the other hand, rna synthesis is more tolerable to ischemia than protein synthesis. present study has designed to evaluate changes of protein and rna synthesis of the brain after ischemia. we used a hindbrain ischemia model of gerbils, and q ... | 2008 | 2446643 |
| biochemical analysis of related, independently arising histocompatibility mutants: bm17 and kb-98 enlarge the "bg series" of h-2kb mutants. | the "bg" series of mhc mutations is the most prevalent type of mutations of kb in c57bl/6 mice screened by reciprocal tail skin grafting. the basis for identification of this series of mutations is the incompatibility of grafts between the parental b6 and the mutant. this series takes the longest to reciprocally reject the skin grafts. the series can be subdivided into "bg 1" and "bg 2" groups based on kb-restricted recognition of virus-infected mutant target cells. the biochemical basis for the ... | 2008 | 2268259 |
| biochemical analysis of related, independently arising histocompatibility mutants: bm17 and kb-98 enlarge the "bg series" of h-2kb mutants. | the "bg" series of mhc mutations is the most prevalent type of mutations of kb in c57bl/6 mice screened by reciprocal tail skin grafting. the basis for identification of this series of mutations is the incompatibility of grafts between the parental b6 and the mutant. this series takes the longest to reciprocally reject the skin grafts. the series can be subdivided into "bg 1" and "bg 2" groups based on kb-restricted recognition of virus-infected mutant target cells. the biochemical basis for the ... | 2008 | 2268259 |
| [the respiratory tract and air pollution]. | 2008 | 3053144 | |
| long-term results of prosthetic therapy in adult cleft lip alveolus and palate patients. | in the framework of the complex rehabilitation of cleft lip and palate patients the final phase of the dental therapy is attained with the definitive prosthetic treatment. this study comprises 148 prosthetically treated patients in the period 1973 to 1986. the results show that there are good preconditions for an undisturbed professional and social development of the cleft lip and palate patients through intensive dental care. | 2008 | 2691535 |
| use of the megasoft bandage lens for treatment of complications after trabeculectomy. | shallow anterior chambers and leaking filtration blebs are possible complications after trabeculectomy that can be treated with therapeutic contact lenses. in most cases, however, treatment fails because these lenses are not large enough to cover the filtering bleb. we evaluated the use of a newly developed large diameter (20.5 mm) therapeutic soft contact lens. five patients with shallow anterior chambers and ten patients with leaking filtering blebs after trabeculectomy were fitted with this n ... | 2008 | 2396651 |
| transient palsy of hip abductors after a fall on the buttocks. | a fall on the buttocks caused monolateral transient palsy of the hip abductors in two patients. palsy could be ascribed to acute entrapment of the superior gluteal nerve between the piriformis muscle and the incisura ischiadica major. | 2008 | 2346715 |
| characterization of 'candidatus neoehrlichia lotoris' (family anaplasmataceae) from raccoons (procyon lotor). | recently, a novel ehrlichial organism was isolated from a raccoon (procyon lotor) and the isolate (rac413) was infectious to two naïve raccoons but not laboratory mice, rats or rabbits. in this study, amplification and sequencing of four gene targets (16s rrna gene, groesl, glta and rpob) confirmed that the novel ehrlichial organism was a member of the family anaplasmataceae and was most closely related to, but distinct from, 'candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis' tk4456(r) and is58. rac413 shared ... | 2008 | 19060060 |
| [vector-borne parasites of dogs on the islands of cabo verde]. | during an animal welfare campaign on the islands of cape verde (in the capital praia on the island of santiago) a total of 57 dogs were examined for ectoparasites and blood parasites. 84% of the animals were infested with arthropods, mostly ticks. haemotropic parasites were examined via blood smear, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and/or serology. 23 dogs had single infections, five multiple infections with haemoparasites. in eight dogs ehrlichia canis and in one amaplasma phagocytophilum were d ... | 2008 | 19066773 |
| [cross-reaction evaluation of pcr-anaplasma platys positive dogs tested to anaplasma phagocytophilum antibodies by commercial elisa]. | anaplasma platys, agent of canine cyclic thrombocytopenia parasites exclusively dogs platelets. its probable vector is the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. among the existent diagnostic methods, the most used include: morulae identification in blood smears; antibody detection by indirect immunofluorescence; or dna amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). recently a new commercial elisa (idexx®), capable of detecting a. phagocytophilum antibodies, has been developed. according to the manuf ... | 2008 | 20059806 |
| [chronic bronchial obstruction and the pathogenesis of emphysema]. | 2008 | 3053141 | |
| digitalis. an update of clinical pharmacokinetics, therapeutic monitoring techniques and treatment recommendations. | the intestinal absorption of digoxin is essentially a passive non-saturable diffusion process, although a saturable carrier-mediated component also plays an important role. the bioavailability varies between 40 and 100%: the presence of food may reduce the peak serum concentration, but does not reduce the amount of digoxin absorbed. recent development of a capsule containing a hydroalcoholic vehicle may reduce interindividual variations in absorption. pharmacokinetic analysis of the distribution ... | 2008 | 3052985 |
| care of pressure sores: a controlled study of the use of a hydrocolloid dressing compared with wet saline gauze compresses. | an occlusive hydrocolloid dressing (comfeel ulcus) was compared with a conventional wet saline gauze dressing regarding the effect on ulcer cleansing and healing processes, experience of pain and the consumption of nursing time, in a controlled, randomized and partially single-blind study with parallel groups of long-stay patients with pressure sores. after a few weeks' treatment the relative decrease in ulcer areas with time was larger in the group treated with the hydrocolloid dressing. the di ... | 2008 | 2694713 |
| in vitro isolation and molecular characterization of an ehrlichia canis strain from são paulo, brazil. | an ehrlichia canis isolate was obtained from an naturally infected dog exhibiting clinical signs of ehrlichiosis in são paulo municipality, state of são paulo, brazil. the isolate was characterized by pcr and dna sequencing of portions of the ehrlichial genes dsb, 16srrna, and p28. partial dsb and 16s rrna sequences were identical to three and five other e. canis strains, respectively, from different countries and continents (including north america, africa, asia and europe). conversely, the p28 ... | 2008 | 24031251 |
| cultivation and molecular identification of ehrlichia canis and ehrlichia chaffeensis from a naturally co-infected dog in venezuela. | diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis in venezuela is normally performed by examination of buffy coat smears (bcs). characteristic inclusion bodies are frequently observed in leukocytes and platelets from dogs with clinical signs of the disease. | 2008 | 18761516 |
| laboratory maintenance of ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia canis and recovery of organisms for molecular biology and proteomics studies. | tick-borne illnesses are emerging as a major concern for human health in recent years. these include the human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by the amblyomma americanum tick-transmitted bacterium, ehrlichia chaffeensis; human ewingii ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia ewingii (also transmitted by a. americanum ticks); and human granulocytic anaplasmosis caused by the ixodes scapularis tick-transmitted pathogen, anaplasma phagocytophilum. likewise, tick-borne rickettsial pathogens are also a major ... | 2008 | 18770537 |
| detection of a theileria species in dogs in south africa. | a theileria species was detected by pcr in blood samples collected from dogs in the pietermaritzburg area and was also found in dogs presented at the outpatients clinic of the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital (ovah), in the pretoria area, south africa. in the pietermaritzburg area, 79 of the 192 samples were positive, while 3 out of 1137 of the onderstepoort samples were positive. three positive samples from pietermaritzburg were co-infected with ehrlichia canis. pcr positive samples w ... | 2008 | 18687528 |
| canine vector-borne diseases in brazil. | abstract: canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are highly prevalent in brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., babesia vogeli, leishmania infantum, and trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., dirofilaria immitis and dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including tick ... | 2008 | 18691408 |
| epidemiological and molecular study of ehrlichia canis in dogs in bahia, brazil. | the objective of the present article was an epidemiological and molecular study of ehrlichia canis in dogs of ilhéus and itabuna in bahia, as well as an evaluation of associated risk factors. blood samples were collected from 153 dogs and dna was extracted and analyzed by the nested-polymerase chain reaction, using one pair of primers to detect ehrlichia bacteria and another pair to detect the presence of e. canis. of the 153 animals, 12 (7.8%) were polymerase chain reaction-positive for e. cani ... | 2008 | 18752193 |
| retrospective clinical and molecular analysis of conditioned laboratory dogs (canis familiaris) with serologic reactions to ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi, and rickettsia rickettsii. | dogs are susceptible to different tickborne infections, including members of the anaplasmataceae (ehrlichia canis, e. ewingii, e. chaffeensis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, a. platys), borrelia burgdorferi, and rickettsia rickettsii. these diseases can manifest with clinical signs including fever, anorexia, malaise, lameness, rash, and bleeding episodes; however, these signs are nonpathognomonic, and infections can occur in the absence of clinical signs. hematologic abnormalities can include leukop ... | 2008 | 18947166 |
| [seroepidemiological evidence of human exposure to anaplasma sp in santiago, chile]. | to find more evidence of human exposure to anaplasma sp in chile, we studied 108 contacts of dogs with canine ehrlichiosis (ce) (risk group) and 61 persons without tick or ce cases contact (control group). a survey including risk factors and history of diseases compatible with ehrlichiosis/ anaplasmosis was applied to the risk group. serum igg anti-anaplasma sp antibodies were determined in both groups. | 2008 | 18949148 |
| host surveys, ixodid tick biology and transmission scenarios as related to the tick-borne pathogen, ehrlichia canis. | the ehrlichioses have been subject to increasing interest from veterinary and public health perspectives, but experimental studies of these diseases and their etiologic agents can be challenging. ehrlichia canis, the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, is relatively well characterized and offers unique advantages and opportunities to study interactions between a monocytotropic pathogen and both its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. historically, advances in tick-borne dise ... | 2008 | 18963493 |
| comparison between different polymerase chain reaction methods for the diagnosis of ehrlichia canis infection. | the aim of this study was to compare different polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods for the detection of ehrlichia canis in blood samples and to relate these results to clinical findings and serology to e. canis using the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test. nine seropositive and nine seronegative dogs were included in this study. dna was extracted once and used in one simple pcr and five nested pcr protocols previously described. in selected dogs (three seropositive and one seronegative ... | 2008 | 19120188 |
| the application of pcr and reverse line blot hybridization to detect arthropod-borne hemopathogens of dogs and cats in trinidad. | arthropod-borne diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality of companion animals in trinidad. as clinical signs are vague, more sensitive methods to diagnose these diseases based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by reverse line blot hybridization (rlb) of amplified products are being developed. an rlb of 14 oligonucleotide probes coupled with polymerase chain-amplified regions of 16s rrna or 18s rrna genes of hemoparasites from cats and dogs detected ehrlichia canis, ... | 2008 | 19120209 |
| antibiotic clearance of ehrlichia canis from dogs infected by intravenous inoculation of carrier blood. | ehrlichia canis is the etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) and is a useful model for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens, many of which infect dogs. the purpose of this study was to evaluate rifampin and doxycycline regimens for clearance of e. canis infections in addition to alleviation of cme. beagles were infected with e. canis by intravenous inoculation with carrier blood and treated with either rifampin or doxycycline after the acute phase of cme. improved hematological values ... | 2008 | 19120226 |
| the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae): from taxonomy to control. | rhipicephalus sanguineus, commonly known as the brown dog tick, is a three-host tick that feeds primarily on dogs and occasionally on other hosts, including humans. r. sanguineus ticks are widely distributed around the world and they are known vectors of pathogens, such as babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, and rickettsia conorii. the increasing number of cases of human parasitism by r. sanguineus ticks reported in the literature indicates that the interaction between humans and r. sanguineus ticks ... | 2008 | 18280045 |
| serological and molecular prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and ehrlichia species in dogs from minnesota. | a population of 731 naturally exposed pet dogs examined at a private practice in baxter, minnesota, an area endemic for lyme disease and anaplasmosis, was tested by serological and molecular methods for evidence of exposure to or infection with selected vector-borne pathogens. serum samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, and ehrlichia canis antibodies and for dirofilaria immitis antigen. blood samples from 273 dogs we ... | 2008 | 18302532 |
| application of 10% imidacloprid/50% permethrin to prevent ehrlichia canis exposure in dogs under natural conditions. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) caused by ehrlichia canis is the most known canine tick-borne disease (tbd) spread throughout the world. preventing tick bites is a priority to reduce the risk of tbds and it was the aim of the present study to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of imidacloprid 10% and permethrin 50% (imper) (advantix; bayer ag, germany) in a spot-on formulation to control cme under field conditions. on january-march 2005, 845 dogs from two kennels in southern italy (kenne ... | 2008 | 18359166 |
| succinate dehydrogenase gene arrangement and expression in anaplasma phagocytophilum. | dna sequencing of the region directly downstream of the anaplasma phagocytophilum (strain mrk) 16s rrna gene identified homologues of sdhc and sdhd; however, further sequencing by gene walking failed to identify additional sdh gene homologues. the sequence downstream of sdhd identified a partial gene, pep1, predicted to encode a protein >35.3 kda with 26.3% identity to a hypothetical ehrlichia canis protein with no known function. the recently completed sequence of the a. phagocytophilum genome ... | 2008 | 18378408 |
| experimental and field studies on the suitability of raccoons (procyon lotor) as hosts for tick-borne pathogens. | we investigated the experimental susceptibility and natural exposure of raccoons (procyon lotor) to five tick-borne pathogens of human and veterinary importance, ehrlichia canis, e. chaffeensis, e. ewingii, anaplasma phagocytophilum (apvariant 1 and ap-ha hge-1 strains), and borrelia lonestari. infections were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) testing, and/or culture isolation methods for at least 30 days postinoculation (dpi). two e. chaffeensis-in ... | 2008 | 18429696 |
| serosurvey of pathogens in domestic dogs on the border of noël kempff mercado national park, bolivia. | the threat of disease transmission from domestic animals to wildlife has become recognized as an increasing concern within the wildlife community in recent years. domestic dogs pose a significant risk as reservoirs for infectious diseases, especially for wild canids. as part of a multifaceted ecologic study of maned wolves and other canids in the large, remote noël kempff mercado national park (nkmnp) in northeastern bolivia, 40 domestic dogs in two villages and at two smaller settlements border ... | 2008 | 18432094 |
| validation of an in-clinic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for diagnosis of borrelia burgdorferi infection in horses. | confirmation of borrelia burgdorferi infection in horses has required enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) or western blot tests performed by reference laboratories. an in-clinic c6 elisa snap kit has been marketed for dogs. this canine kit was evaluated for horses using serum from experimentally infected ponies. serum samples originated from 2 previous studies. in the first study, 7 ponies were exposed to b. burgdorferi-infected ticks; 4 ponies served as uninfected controls. serum samples ... | 2008 | 18460618 |
| genetic and antigenic diversities of major immunoreactive proteins in globally distributed ehrlichia canis strains. | the extent of knowledge regarding the diversity of globally distributed ehrlichia canis strains has been limited to information gained from a few evolutionarily conserved genes. in this study, e. canis strains from the united states (strain jake [us]), brazil (strain são paulo [br]), and israel (strain 611 [is] and ranana [is-r]) were used to examine the antigenic and genetic diversities of four well-characterized major immunoreactive protein genes/proteins. gp36 and gp200 were the most divergen ... | 2008 | 18480237 |