Publications

anaerobic infections: diagnosis and treatment.	anaerobic bacteria outnumber aerobic bacteria in normal flora in the oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract. they are important and frequent causes of infection, although they often go unrecognized except in the classic and very distincitve clostridial infections and intoxications-gas gangrene, botulism, and tetanus. although anaerobic infections often originate close to a muscosal surface where anaerobes are part of the normal flora, they may occur anywhere in the body via direct of hematogenous ...	1976	788160
animal models of peritonitis.	a reproducible animal model of peritonitis has been developed. it uses standard animals, standardized cultures of bacteria and simple techniques. use of this model would facilitate comparison of data from workers in this field. the use of small rodents permits the use of comparatively large populations for statistical evaluation. the method is cheap and economic of laboratory space and does not require surgical expertise.	1976	790613
aerobic and anaerobic flora of the cervix during pregnancy and the puerperium.	comparison of species of bacteria isolated from patients with endometritis with species isolated from normal pregnant and nonpregnant women suggests that bacteria causing infections are indigenous to the genital tract. however, complete studies of the flora of pregnant women, especially anaerobic flora, are lacking. aerobic and anaerobic cultures of the endocervix were obtained from women in all trimesters of pregnancy and at three days and six weeks post partum. the incidence of occurrence of e ...	1976	793391
a rapid glutamic decarboxylase test for identification of bacteria.	a simple rapid glutamic decarboxylase test is described. this test was found useful in the identification of escherichia coli, shigella sp., providencia alcalifaciens, clostridium perfringens and bacteroides fragilis.	1976	793504
prophylactic lincomycin in the prevention of wound infection following appendicectomy: a double blind study.	the prophylactic use of a single dose of lincomycin in 100 patients undergoing appendicectomy reduced the incidence of postoperative wound infection from 17 to 6 per cent compared with a similar group of control patients. there was no correlation with the histological finding in the appendix, but patients with perforated appendicitis were excluded from the study. bacteriological examination of the appendix area before surgery showed that bacteroides fragilis and escherichia coli were the organis ...	1976	795496
letter: treatment of a brain abscess due to bacteroides fragilis with metronidazole.		1976	931828
[the bacteriodaceae flora in the faeces of pigs (author's transl)[].	a total of 180 bacteroidaceae strains from the fecal specimens of 31 clinically healthy pigs aged 120 to 180 days from 4 farms were isolated in numbers of 10(8)-10(10) per gram feces and differentiated for their morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. 161 of these strains belonged to bacteroides ruminicola and related species, 10 to b. fragilis ss. fragilis, 3 to b. fragilis ss. vulgatus, 4 to fusobacterium necrogenes, 1 to f. mortiferum and 1 to a non-motile variant of f. novum. the ...	1976	936825
the use of pr-reduced media and a portable jar for the collection of anaerobic organisms for clinical sites of infection.	a system for the isolation of anaerobic organisms from clinical specimens was evaluated at the lac-usc medical center. clinicians were provided with a gas pak with a broth tube and two prereduced blood plates for direct inoculation of specimens. in the first 50 patients evaluated, 74 separate anaerobic isolates were recovered in 36 patients, 72 per cent of the total. bacteroides fragilis was the most common organism recovered. the impact of this system upon clinical management is discussed.	1976	937393
carbenicillin in the treatment of infections involving anaerobic bacteria.	twenty-one patients with serious infections involving anaerobic bacteria were treated with carbenicillin. multiple anaerobes were involved in 8 cases, and in 10 cases, facultative anaerobes were also isolated. bacteroides fragilis was isolated in 10 cases. results were judged excellent in 7 cases, good in 8 cases, and fair in 5 cases. these data suggest that carbenicillin may be an effective antibiotic for the therapy of infections due to anaerobic bacteria, particularly those involving b. fragi ...	1976	938020
human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.	data are presented on the distribution of 101 bacterial species and subspecies among 1,442 isolates from 25 fecal specimens from three men on: (i) their normal diet and normal living conditions, (ii) normal living conditions but eating the controlled metabolic diet designed for use in the skylab simulation and missions, and (iii) the skylab diet in simulated skylab (isolation) conditions. these bacteria represent the most numerous kinds in the fecal flora. analyses of the kinds of bacteria from ...	1976	938032
chemical and biological characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis.	bacterial lipopolysaccharides extracted from bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis lacked 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and heptose, sugars which make up part of the inner core of most bacterial endotoxins. over 98% of the lipid portion of this material could be removed easily with chloroform-methanol and alcohol, a finding which indicates a loose association between the polysaccharide and lipid moieties. the lipopolysaccharides caused gelation of limulus lysate at a concentration significantly high ...	1976	939922
bacteroides fragilis ventriculitis and meningitis. report of two cases.	two patients with bacteroides fragilis meningitis and ventriculitis were treated. in one infant infection developed at 2 1/2 months of age as a result of an infected ventriculoatrial shunt inserted to treat hydrocephalus. in the second patient ventriculitis and meningitis developed at 20 days of age, while he was convalescing from surgery for gastric perforation that had occurred at 5 days of age. both patients were treated with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin, which sterilized the ...	1976	941889
activity of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim against bacteroides fragilis.	minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of sulfamethoxazole (smx) and trimethoprim (tmp), alone and in three combinations, 20:1, 1:1, and 1:20, were determined on diagnostic sensitivity test (dst) and mueller-hinton (mh) agars containing lysed blood for various inocula of 91 strains of bacteroides fragilis from the u.s.a. and u.k. mics of smx were high with large inocula and higher on mh than dst, but results for tmp were less affected by these two factors. true smx resistance was rare: 10 u.s. ...	1976	949171
activity of cefamandole and other cephalosporins against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.	the activity of cefamandole was comparable to that of cephalothin, cefazolin, and cephaloridine against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, and diplococcus pneumoniae. in contrast, cefamandole was considerably more active than cephalothin, cefazolin, or cephaloridine against gram-negative facultative bacilli, including haemophilus influenzae, the most striking disparities being noted with indole-positive proteus and enterobacter. bacteroides fragilis was more susceptible to cefoxitin ...	1976	949182
in vitro susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to josamycin.	a total of 132 strains of anaerobic bacteria were tested for susceptibility to josamycin, using a broth dilution technique. all strains of peptococcus species, peptostreptococcus species, and bacteroides fragilis were inhibited by 2 mug or less per ml. seventy percent of these susceptible strains were also killed by 2 mug or less of josamycin per ml. however, 2 of 12 clostridium species and 6 of 10 fusobacterium species had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 32 mug or more per ml.	1976	949184
serogrouping of bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis by the agglutination test.	the agglutination technique was used to establish a serological classification scheme for 98 strains of bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis isolated from clinical specimens and normal human feces. absorbed antisera were prepared to seven strains of b. fragilis subsp. fragilis. these seven absorbed antisera were species as well as subspecies specific and provided the basis of the serological classification scheme. this scheme was composed of 21 serogroups; seven of these serogroups contained onl ...	1976	950378
letter: meningitis due to bacteriodes fragilis in a newborn infant.		1976	952653
bacteroides fragilis and nitroimidazoles.		1976	956086
vaginal flora in asymptomatic women.	four groups of 25 asymptomatic women--pregnant, premenopausal and taking oral contraceptives, premenopausal and not taking oral contraceptives, and postmenopausal--were studied for the presence in vaginal specimens of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, mycobacteria, and trichomonas. no significant differences in microbial flora were found among the groups.	1976	957791
anaerobic mediastinitis.	three patients with anaerobic mediastinitis associated with retropharyngeal abscess have been encountered recently. dental infections accounted for two instances, and the third instance resulted from rupture of the thoracic esophagus from blunt trauma. each was marked by extreme difficulty in achieving complete abscess drainage due to the initially unrecognized virulence of the causative anaerobic bacteria. complications were frequent and included empyema, pericarditis and aspiration pneumonia. ...	1976	959954
[bacteroides infection in surgical patients (author's transl)].	more than 80 cases of bacteroides infections are reported. 54 cases of these infections were postoperative complications. relationships between bacteroides infection and diseases of the colon are significant. not very impressive local symptoms made the diagnoses of abscesses difficult. in most cases bacteroides are susceptible to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. patients develop agglutinable antibodies after bacteroides infection.	1976	961145
purification of the o antigen of bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis nctc 9343 from phenol-water extracts by gel filtration and chromatography on deae-cellulose and hydroxylapatite.	o antigen extracted from whole cells of bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis nctc 9343 with 45 per cent aqueous phenol has been purified by gel filtration and chromatography. first, the water phase was treated with rnase and dnase and passed through a column of agarose. the chromatographic procedures included ion exchange on a column of deae-cellulose and adsorption to hydroxylapatite. the o antigen was eluted from the deae-cellulose with a gradient of nacl, and from the column of hydroxylapatite w ...	1976	961434
faecal steroids and bacteria and large bowel cancer in hong kong by socio-economic groups.	in a study of three socio-economic groups in hong kong, the high income group had a high faecal concentration of bile acids, especially the dihydroxy bile acids, compared to the low income group. the faecal bile acids were also more highly degraded. the faecal flora contained more bacteroides and fewer eubacteria. very few of the clostridia able to dehydrogenate the steroid nucleus were isolated. an epidemiological study based on street blocks indicated that the high income group also have a hig ...	1976	962996
use of semisolid agar from initiation of pure bacteroides fragilis infection in mice.	the development of a pure bacteroides fragilis infection in mice is described. the infection produces large subcutaneous abscesses at the site of injection which can be observed grossly within 7 days after injection. the infection was initiated by infection of pure cultures grown in semisolid agar medium. similar infections were also produced with pure cultures of b. distasonis, b. ovatus, b. thetaiotaomicron, and b. vulgatus. however, a distinct deoxyribonucleic acid homology group, formerly cl ...	1976	965094
comparison of the in vitro bactericidal activity of human serum and leukocytes against bacteroides fragilis and fusobacterium mortiferum in aerobic and anaerobic environments.	in aerobic and anaerobic in vitro environments, fusobacterium mortiferum was killed by human leukocytes or serum alone or in combination; clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis were killed only by leukocytes in the presence of serum.	1976	965101
[bacteroides fragilis. its isolation and antibiotic sensitivity].	the authors chose the problem of the isolation of bacteroides fragilis in pathological samples to present a method of identification of strict anaerobic gram negative bacteria, suitable for use in a routine bacteriological laboratory. a selection of 20 strains led them to study the mean inhibitory concentration of these germs with regard to antibiotics. from this study, two groups were obtained: one of low activity, the other of greater activity in vitro, in which one may note certain tetracycli ...	1976	970703
anaerobic infections in hospital practice.	the role of anaerobes in the pathogenesis of infections was investigated. anaerobes were isolated from 0,25% of blood cultures and from 15,8% of other specimens tested; in 15,1% of cases where anaerobes were isolated, no aerobes were found. the strains most commonly encountered were bacteroides fragilis, b. melaninogenicus, peptostreptococcus anaerobius and clostridium perfringens. sensitivity tests in vitro showed all organisms to be sensitive to clindamycin, metronidazole and chloramphenicol, ...	1976	973160
[the significance of the bacterial steroid degradation for the etiology of large bowel cancer. v. transformation of chenodeoxycholic acid by saccharolytic bacteroides-species (author's transl)].	we analysed a total of 36 strains of the obligately anaerobic bacteroides species b. vulgatus, b. fragilis, b. thetaiotaomicron, and b. distasonis to test their faculties to metabolize chenodeoxycholate. for experiments with growing cultures, we used a synthetic medium with inorganic salts, glucose, citrate, amino acids, vitamins, and hemin. the same medium, but without amino acids and vitamins was used for experiments with resting cells, incubated aerobically. after preincubation in a medium co ...	1976	983545
[the significance of the bacterial steroid degradation for the etiology of large bowel cancer. vi. degradation of deoxycholic acid by saccharolytic bacteroides-species (author's transl)].	when testing 36 laboratory strains of the strictly anaerobic bacteroides species b. vulgatus, b. fragilis, b. thetaiotaomicron, and b. distasonis, we found activities for degradation of cholate (3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoate) (1) and chenodeoxycholate (3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoate) (2) widely, but not universally distributed in these bacteria. the same strains were also tested for their metabolic activities in regard to deoxycholate (3alpha, 12alpha-dihydroxy ...	1976	983546
beta-lactamase activity in anaerobic bacteria.	a diverse group of anaerobic bacteria representing a spectrum of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was studied to characterize their beta-lactamase activity and relate it to resistance. the bacteroides fragilis organisms had moderate resistance and produced a cephalosporinase with low activity. the clostridium ramosum was intermediate in resistance and had intermediate, inducible beta-lactamase activity. the b. clostridiiformis organism was highly resistant, produced a potent inducible penic ...	1976	984742
susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria with 100-microg carbenicillin disks.	a total of 245 strains of anaerobic bacteria were examined for their susceptibility to carbenicillin by the disk test method and by minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) determinations. standard-curve studies with a strain of bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis that was minimally susceptible to carbenicillin and escherichia coli (atcc 25922) demonstrated that a disk containing 100 mug of carbenicillin was suitable for testing susceptibility of anaerobes to carbenicillin. thus, the diameter of ...	1976	984743
in vitro activity of josamycin and rosamicin against bacteroides fragilis compared with clindamycin, erythromycin, and metronidazole.	the inhibitory and bactericidal activities of josamycin and rosamicin against 29 clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis were compared with those of clindamycin, erythromycin, and metronidazole by a broth dilution technique. josamycin and rosamicin had similar inhibitory activity to metronidazole and clindamycin. rosamicin had similar bactericidal activity to clindamycin but was less bactericidal than metronidazole (the most bactericidal agent tested). josamycin was slightly more bactericidal ...	1976	984752
in vitro activity of gentamicin and minocycline alone and in combination against bacteria associated with intra-abdominal sepsis.	the minimal inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin and minocycline alone and in combination were determined by a broth microdilution method for 100 aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic isolates representative of pathogens recovered from patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. gentamicin inhibited all strains of klebsiella, enterobacter, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in concentrations of 0.4 to 3.1 mug/ml and all strains of escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis in concentrations of 0.8 to 12.5 mug/ml ...	1976	984755
in vitro susceptibility of common clinical anaerobic and aerobic isolates against josamycin.	the in vitro susceptibility of 145 anaerobic clinical isolates and 96 gram-positive aerobic clinical isolates to josamycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, was studied using the agar dilution technique. ninety-five of the aerobes were susceptible to 1.56 mug or less of josamycin per ml. the median minimal inhibitory concentration of these organisms was </=0.39 mug/ml. the in vitro activity of josamycin against the anaerobes was compared with that of erythromycin, clindamycin, penicillin, and chloram ...	1976	984766
susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to 23 antimicrobial agents.	the antimicrobial susceptibility of 492 anaerobic bacteria, the majority of which were recent clinical isolates, was determined by the agar dilution technique. penicillin g was active against most of the strains tested at 32 u or less/ml, but only 72% of bacteroides fragilis strains were susceptible at this level and 9% required 256 u or more/ml. ampicillin was effective against most of the strains except b. fragilis at 16 mug or less/ml. amoxicillin was active against only 31% of b. fragilis, 7 ...	1976	984809
extrachromosomal elements in a variety of strains representing the bacteroides fragilis group of organisms.	previous nucleic acid association studies have identified at least nine deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) homology classes of the bacteroides fragilis group of organisms. using these classes as a taxonomic framework, we have screened representative strains of the b. fragilis group for the presence of extrachromosomal (plasmid) dna. [3h]thymidine-labeled cell lysates were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-salt precipitation, and supernatant fractions from such preparations were analyzed using cesium ...	1976	992876
effect of chilling on the survival of bacteroides fragilis.	factors affecting the susceptibility of bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis to low temperature were examined. predetermined numbers of cells were spread on agar media or suspended in enriched trypticase soy broth and exposed to low temperature under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. exposure of 18-h growth of a freshly isolated b. fragilis strain to 4 degrees c aerobically or anaerobically resulted in a loss of at least 50% viability after 12 h. b. fragilis cells in early growth (6 h) were ...	1976	993326
pelvic abscess. a sequela of first trimester abortion.	first trimester therapeutic abortions were performed in 6790 patients from january 1, 1972, through december 31, 1973. the infectious morbidity during an 18-month concurrent time period which required readmission to the hospital was 0.52 per 100 women. four of these women were ultimately diagnosed as having a pelvic abscess thought to be related to the procedure. the cause was probably related to undiagnosed or inadequately managed uterine perforation. initial management should consist of system ...	1976	995342
[demonstration of agglutinating antibodies in bacteroides infections].		1976	997630
effect of dissolved oxygen and eh and bacteroides fragilis during continuous culture.	bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis was maintained in a chemostat modified for anaerobic conditions to test the effects of dissolved oxygen and eh on growth. using a defined medium containing glucose and a dilution rate of 0.16 h -1, a stable population of 3 x 10(9) colony-forming units/ml was present. at this steady state, the ph was 5.6, the eh was -50 mv, and the dissolved oxygen concentration was 0% atmospheric saturation. the eh was then adjusted to +300 mv by adding potassium ferricyanide ...	1976	999270
clindamycin plus gentamicin as expectant therapy for presumed mixed infections.	the prevalence of obligate anaerobes was studied prospectively in 60 patients with severe sepsis of intra-abdominal, soft tissue, female genital or oropulmonary origin. in addition, the efficacy of clindamycin (for anaerobes) plus gentamicin (for aerobic bacteria, especially coliforms) as initial empiric therapy in these patients was evaluated. among 54 patients with cultural proof of infection, anaerobic pathogens were recovered from 52%. nineteen patients had bacteremia; bacteroides fragilis a ...	1976	1000457
use of clindamycin and gentamicin in pediatric colonic surgery.	the combination of clindamycin and gentamicin was used to treat 25 pediatric surgical patients. in 9 of the 11 patients with perforated appendicitis, b. fragilis was isolated from the peritoneal cavity. there was a rapid clinical response to treatment in all cases. no side effects were observed. clindamycin and gentamicin seem to be the antibiotics of choice for such infections.	1976	1003306
a simple tube test for assessing antibiotic sensitivity of certain anaerobic bacteria.		1976	1032368
standardization of antimicrobial disc susceptibility test for anaerobic bacteria.	both agar diluiton and agar diffusion tests with 8 clinically useful or potentially useful antimicrobial agents were performed with 74 strains of bacteroides fragilis. correlation of results obtained by the two methods and applicability of the single disc test to the measurement of antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobes were analyzed. prediction of susceptibility, intermediate susceptibility, and resistance of anaerobic bacteria to antimicrobial agents, based on the measurement of inhibition ...	1976	1037535
microbial synergy in experimental intra-abdominal abscess.	intra-abdominal sepsis was studied in wistar rats by using four microbial species: escherichia coli, enterococci, bacteroides fragilis, and fusobacterium varium. these organisms were implanted into the peritoneal cavity singly and in all possible dual combinations. results were evaluated by mortality rates and the incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses on autopsy following sacrifice after 7 days. mortality was restricted to recipients of e. coli, thus implicating coliforms in the acute lethality ...	1976	814099
acute pelvic inflammatory disease: etiology, risk factors and pathogenesis.	it was suggested that several behaviorial factors could be important in allowing mild local symptoms of infection to develop into pid. a localized gonococcal infection may produce an increased vaginal discharge or dysuria. pid results only if several other factors have been operable. loss of the cervical mucus barrier with menstruation appears to be important in allowing bacteria to pass from the cervix in to the uterine cavity. uterine infection may account for the abnormal uterine bleeding see ...	1976	815068
bacteremias associated with routine hemorrhoidectomies.		1976	817876
effect of sonic treatment on pure cultures and aggregates of bacteria.	pure cultures of a variety of bacteria were treated with ultrasonic energy using a sonic probe. fractions of organisms killed at different sonic energies were calculated, and streptococcus mutans was 600 times more resistant than fusobacterium nucleatum, the most sensitive organism tested. the effects of sonic treatment on aggregates of bacteria were examined, and the results were interpreted as a model of the events that probably occur during the sonic dispersion of dental plaque.	1976	819454
testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin in patients with turner's syndrome: effects of estrogens and acute growth hormone administration.	the tebg activity of plasma from patients with turner's syndrome was measured quantitatively using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. human growth hormone administration did not significantly change the plasma tebg levels. however, oral replacement therapy with estrogens elevated plasma tebg within 3 days; after 9 days these levels reached a maximum of three- to four-fold greater than that observed at a time prior to therapy.	1976	180042
the fine structure of blood vessels in ethylnitrosourea-induced tumours of the rat nervous system: with special reference to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.	the fine structure of capillaries in and around ethylnitrosourea-induced tumours, gliomas and schwannomas, was examined in rats. a great variation was observed in the severity of changes: the degree of abnormality depended on the histological type and size of the tumour and on the site of the capillaries within the neoplasm. endothelial cells, basement membranes and pericytes all demonstrated changes in their fine structure. the most striking alterations occurred in the endothelial cells: lumina ...	1976	183804
[bursting pressure of colon in the rats and proteinase inhibition (author's transl)].	in the early postoperative period (third postoperative day) the colonic enterotomies show 45 per cent higher bursting pressure following administration of aprotinin than the control group (p less than 0,02). on the fifth postoperative day no difference was noted between both groups. the interpretation of the results is difficult because specific parameters such as collagen content and collagenase activity were not determinated. the relationship between colonic anastomotic breakdown and collagena ...	1976	185677
high-affinity cytochalasin b binding to normal and transformed balb/3t3 cells.	to study the molecular basis of changes in sugar uptake rate in cultured mouse fibroblasts with different physiological states, we have measured the high affinity binding of [3h] cytochalsin b, a potent sugar transport inhibitor, to actively growing and contact inhibited balb/3t3 cells as well as to 3t12 and sv3t3 cells. binding was the same whether the cells were detached from dishes with edta or trypsin. the amount of drug bound to intact cells measured with a centrifugation assay was essentia ...	1976	188845
[micro-epidemiology and micro-plaque titration of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus on primary calf kidney cells by means of immunofluorescence].	immunofluorescence was used to study the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and the course of infection in cell cultures of calf kidney. an indirect relationship was found to exist between the magnitude of inoculation and the onset of specific fluorescence. fluorescent plaques are formed as a result of inoculate dilution. the plaques will grow along with incubation time. release of virus into the culturing medium will first lead to the formation of secondary plaques, then followed by gen ...	1976	185980
the distribution and clearances of hormones and metabolites in the circulation of the foetal sheep.	plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations have been measured in the plasma of blood collected simultaneously from the femoral artery, umbilical vein and carotid artery of the exteriorized foetal sheep. the concentration of vasopressin and catecholamines was consistently lower and of glucose, lactate and corticosteroids consistently higher in the umbilical vein compared with the femoral artery. acth concentrations showed no consistent pattern and fluctuated widely at each site, but during syna ...	1976	186838
the protective action of disodium cromoglycate on alveolar macrophages in phagocytosis of fibrogenic silica.		1976	187887
hypophosphatemia: mouse model for human familial hypophosphatemic (vitamin d-resistant) rickets.	a new dominant mutation in the laboratory mouse, hypophosphatemia (gene symbol hyp), has been identified. the hyp gene is located on the x-chromosome and maps at the distal end. mutant mice are characterized by hypophosphatemia, bone changes resembling rickets, diminished bone ash, dwarfism, and high fractional excretion of phosphate anion (low net tubular reabsorption). phosphate supplementation of the diet from wearning prevents the appearance of severe skeletal abnormalities. the hypophosphat ...	1976	188049
[the concept of risk in poliomyelitis (author's transl)].	in poliomyelitis the risk is of neurological accidents resulting either from the circulation of wild viruses (spontaneous risk) or from the introduction of virus-vaccine (vaccine risk). the spontaneous risk varies both according to the virus type and according to various factors which determine host resistance. well known among these are: the intrinsic characteristics of the population at a given period (genetic factors and previous experiences of this population with poliomyelitis viruses); env ...	1976	188083
[influence of tobacco smoking on the development of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis].	the present investigation was designed to the study, in rabbits, of morphologic and enzymatic pulmonary alterations produced by tobacco smoke and the course of tuberculosis under these conditions. the histologic examination revealed muciparous hyperplasia and pavementing metaplasia of the bronchic epithelium, accompanied by interstitial cellular reactions, reticulin, fibrilogenesis, atelectasis, emphysema and marked debility of the animals. in the animals treated with tobacco smoke the tuberculo ...	1976	188112
rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in two adults probably caused by virus reinfection.	rotavirus infection was diagnosed by virus detection and by serological methods in 2 women with acute gastroenteritis, aged 22 and 29 years, respectively. both patients had been in close contact with children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. rotavirus-specific antibodies were detected in serum specimens obtained prior to the illness in one of the patients, and the serological response in both patients suggested a reinfection with rotavirus as cause of the disease.	1976	188119
localization and activity of tissue bound cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in normal and lack of changes in psoriatic human skin.	this study has been undertaken to elucidate the localization and the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde) in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal. the results showed that the evaluation of cytochemical methods may be difficult because of the various factors which interfere with the reaction and the considerable amount of background staining. additionally, only the tissue bound particulate enzyme fraction may be demonstrated by cytochemical means. nevertheless, the method did r ...	1976	188439
[relation between urinary cyclic amp, pth and histomorphometric resorption parameter. a study of 44 human iliac crest bone biopsies].	daily urinary cyclic amp (ampcu) has been compared to pth plasma level and to bone resorption parameters in 44 cases of metabolic bone disease. in 14 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, ampcu was always increased likewise in 4 cases of osteomalacia with secondary hyperparathyroidism. on the whole series of cases a significant correlation has been found (1) between pth plasma level and ampcu and (2) between bone resporption surfaces and ampcu. conversely, no correlation between pth and perioste ...	1976	181720
cholecalciferol metabolites binding in porcine parathyroid glands.	we studied the cytoplasmic and nuclear binding of 25-hydroxychole-calciferol and 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol inside porcine parathyroid glands. both sterols bind to cytoplasmic components, but a specific nuclear uptake was demonstrated only for 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. these findings support the hypothesis that mammalian parathyroid glands are a target organ for some cholecalciferol metabolites.	1976	189464
detection of adenovirus antigens in sendai virus-induced multinucleate cells by fluorescent antibody technic.		1976	190337
evidence of nycterohemeral periodicity in stress-induced pituitary-adrenal activation.	plasma acth and corticosterone were measured under basal conditions and after ether or tourniquet stress during the nadir (a.m.) and zenith (p.m.) of the nycterohemeral pituitary-adrenal cycle. exogenous acth was also given at these 2 times to assess adrenal sensitivity to acth and the maximal adrenal capacity for corticosterone secretion. ether stress caused a greater rise in plasma acth in the a.m. than in the p.m., even though basal plasma acth and corticosterone concentrations were lower in ...	1976	190553
a purification procedure for the soluble cytochrome oxidase and some other respiratory proteins from pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the production of the soluble cytochrome oxidase/nitrite reductase in the bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa is favoured by anaerobic conditions and the presence of kno3(20g/l) in the culture medium. of three methods commonly used for the disruption of bacterial suspensions (ultrasonication, liquid-shear homogenization and glass-bead grinding), sonication proved the most efficient in releasing the pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase. a polarographic assay of pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase activity with ...	1976	183750
increased collagen synthesis and the kinetic characteristics of prolyl hydroxylase in tissues of rabbits with experimental arteriosclerosis.	increased aortic and liver prolyl hydroxylase activity has been suggested as an early biochemical indicator of the fibrotic changes which occur in rabbits with injury induced arteriosclerosis. daily administration of epinephrine (0.025-0.050 mg/kg, i.v.) and thyroxine (0.050 mg/kg, i.p.) to rabbits for 3 weeks produced aortic fibrous plaques with a 4-fold increase in aortic prolyl hydroxylase and also a 5-fold increase in liver prolyl hydroxylase. histopathologically, the livers of these rabbits ...	1976	184800
a relative deficiency of cytochrome p-450 and aryl hydrocarbon [benzo(a)pyrene] hydroxylase in hyperplastic nodules induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene in rat liver.	the concentrations of cytochrome p-450 and the activities of aryl hydrocarbon [benzo(a)pyrene] hydroxylase (ahh) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase were measured in early (gray-white) and remodeled (brown) hyperplastic nodules induced in the livers of rats with 2-acetylaminofluorene and were compared to the values in control livers and in the liver surrounding the nodules. cytochrome p-450 content of early (14 weeks) hyperplastic nodules is 30% of the ...	1976	184917
polyoma genome in hamster bhk-21-c13 cells: integration into cellular dna and induction of the viral replication.	when grown at 39.5 degrees c, bhk-21 c-13 cells transformed by a gene mutants of polyoma virus contain viral sequences that are predominantly associated with cellular dna pelleted in the hirt lysis procedure. at this temperature, in cells that are inducible for viral dna replication (folk, 1973), the majority of the viral genomes are covalently joined with cellular dna's containing repetitious sequences. upon a shift to 31 degrees c, free viral genomes appear and are replicated. coupled with the ...	1976	185409
polyadenylate sequences of human rhinovirus and poliovirus rna and cordycepin sensitivity of virus replication.	the polyadenylate [poly(a)] content of the genome rna of human rhinovirus type 14 (hrv-14) is nearly twice as large as that of the genome rna of poliovirus type 2. the poly(a) content of viral rna was determined to be the rnase-resistant fraction of 32p-labeled viral rna extracted from purified virions. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the poly(a) sequences of hrv-14 are more heterogenous and on an average larger than those of poliovirus rna. on the basis of susceptibility to mi ...	1976	185411
histochemical changes effected by aldosterone on compensatory renal growth in the rat.	the activity of succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and cytochrome oxidase was studied histochemically in the remaining kidney of male albino rats which had been subjected to unilateral nephrectomy and were subsequently treated with aldosterone. a marked increase in the activity of succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was noted on the initial postoperative days. the increase noted in succinic dehydrogenase activity is consid ...	1976	185676
analysis of the rna species isolated from defective particles of vesicular stomatitis virus.	serial high multiplicity passage of a cloned stock of vesicular stomatitis virus was found to generate defective interfering particles containing three size classes of rna, with sedimentaiton coefficients of 31 s, 23 s and 19 s. the 31 s and 23 s rna species were found to be complementary to both the 12 to 18 s and 31 s size classes of vsv mrnas. the 19 s class of rna was found to be partially base-paired. all three rna species were found to contain ppap at their 5' termini.	1976	185328
sv40 dna sequences as an example of the structure of genes functioning in animal cell nuclei.	recent studies of the structure of messenger rna have demonstrated the existence of untranslated sequences of the 3' and 5' end of the messages. in addition analysis of transcription in vitro has indicated that the nucleotide sequence u6 purine may be part of a transcription termination signal in prokaryotes. recently it has been possible to determine the sequence of extensive portions of the dna of sv40 virus. this article reviews the analogies between certain of these sequences and sequences a ...	1976	185508
viruslike particles in granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system.	neuropathologic examination of the brain of a 67-year-old woman with a 5-month history of progressive multiple neurologic deficits showed granulomatous angiitis of the small parenchymal and leptomeningeal blood vessels of the brain and spinal cord. electron microscopy of formalin-fixed brain disclosed intranuclear viruslike particles resembling herpesvirus. although definitive proof cannot be established without further virologic tests, this previously unreported finding suggests that some cases ...	1976	181693
systemic stress in the production of cardiac thrombosis in hypercholesterolaemic rats.	an experimental study to elucidate the effects of feeding a high fat diet, hypercholesterolaemia and superadded acute and chronic stress on the production of cardiac thrombosis was carried out in rats. the high fat diet contained 25 percent butter rat providing 45 percent calories from fat which produced significant increase of serum cholesterol and other lipids. acute stress was induced by two injections of adrenaline on a single day which caused a marked transient alteration of haemodynamics. ...	1976	185673
experimental myasthenia due to alpha-bungarotoxin.	neuromuscular transmission was studied electrophysiologically in rabbits intoxicated by alpha-bungarotoxin, a specific inhibitor of acetylcholine receptor. the findings consisted of a slight reduction in amplitude of single evoked muscle action potentials, a decrement in amplitude of successive evoked muscle action potentials post-tetanic potentiation and exhaustion, edrophonium reversal, and no change of muscle action potentials evoked by direct stimulation of the muscle. these were similar to ...	1976	181695
hyperthyroidism and myasthenia gravis with features of eaton-lambert syndrome.	in a 50-year-old man with hyperthyroidism and myasthenic weakness electrophysiologic phenomena similar to eaton-lambert syndrome were seen in classical myasthenia gravis. the orbicularis oculi showed an abnormally small muscle action potential in response to nerve stimulus and unusual facilitation of the response with activity. these signs are compatible with eaton-lambert syndrome, but the findings obtained from the adductor pollicis were typical of classical myasthenia. a possible common basis ...	1976	181696
chromosome banding studies of several transplantable hepatomas.		1976	184695
the production of ige and igga antibodies in normal rats and rats infected with nippostrongylus brasiliensis.	the time courses of production of ige and igga homocytotropic antibodies were measured in wistar rats during a primary and secondary response to egg albumin with pertussis or freund's adjuvants. an anamnestic ige antibody response occurred in animals previously sensitized to antigen with killed bordetella pertussis as adjuvant. igga antibodies were formed in the primary response with freund's complete adjuvant only, but were found during the secondary response with all adjuvants used. the time ...	1976	178591
properties and regulation of liver phosphorylase phosphatase.		1976	184701
clearing factor lipase (lipoprotein lipase) activator. a method for the measurement of the net activating ability of human sera.	the hydrolysis of an emulsified triglyceride substrate by clearing factor lipase (lipoprotein lipase) normally requires the presence of particular activating polypeptide species. these are present in serum, together with other inhibitory species, as part of the serum lipoproteins. the paper describes a method whereby the net activating ability of individual human sera may be measured routinely. in a normal population, this activating ability is shown to be correlated positively with the fasting ...	1976	184802
[screening of newborns for inborn errors of galactose metabolism. methods and results].	three inborn errors of galactose metabolism as known today. only two of them cause illness: the deficiencies of galactokinase and of galactose-l-phosphate uridyltransferase. both can be detected through mass screening of newborns and are amenable to a simple and successful dietary treatment. mass screening of newborns for disorders of galactose metabolism can be performed efficiently and inexpensively if it is incorporated in the general newborn screening program.	1976	185513
atp-ppi exchange activity of progesterone receptor.	progesterone receptor preparations from avian oviduct catalyze a pyrophosphate (ppi)-exchange reaction between atp and 32p-labeled ppi. the reaction requires atp exclusively and is mn++-dependent. this enzyme activity is detectable in receptor preparations that have been purified extensively by chromatography on atp-sepharose and deae-sephadex columns. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified preparations reveals a comigration of [3h]progesterone-receptor complex and the enzyme activity. t ...	1976	185612
inhibition of the glucose induced insulin release by somatostatin in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. action of cyclic amp, glucagon and glibenclamide.	insulin release in the perfused isolated rat pancreas was measured after stimulation with 16.5 mm glucose with and without somatostatin (cycle form, 100 ng/ml) in the medium. a complete blockage of the typical biphasic pattern of insulin release ocurred with somatostatin in the medium. such blockage was abolished when camp (2.5 mm) and a 0.5 ml solution of glucagon (1 mg/ml) were continuously perfused for 20-minute periods and for 30-second periods correspondently. it did not take place when gli ...	1976	185668
[further purification and immunohistological localization of human placental lactogen in syncytiotrophoblasts (author's transl)].	in 1936, ehrhadt reported a prolactin-like substance which has been identified as a second protein hormone exists in extracted substance from the placenta. to date various reports have been published, but ther are still unsolved problems concerning the specifity of the substance, and its clinical significance is unclear. the purpose of this project was to purify and investigate the biochemical, immunological properties of hpl, and try to localize hpl secretion immunohistologically. the biologica ...	1976	176070
phosphatidylserine synthetase mutants of escherichia coli. genetic mapping and membrane phospholipid composition.	mutants of escherichia coli k-12 defective in cdp-diglyceride:l-serine phosphatidyltransferase (phosphatidylserine synthetase) can be isolated by a rapid autoradiographic screening assay described previously (raetz, c. r. h. (1975) proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 72, 2274-2278). four organisms of this kind have now been characterized. the gene (designated pss) which is altered in these mutants is closely linked to the nadb locus near minute 49 on the e. coli chromosome. strains carrying the pss- ...	1976	179992
high molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone are glycoproteins.	mouse pituitary tumor cells (att-20/d-16v) were incubated in medium containing [3h] glucosamine or [3h] mannose. by analyzing immunoprecipitates of cell extracts and culture medium it was shown that [3h] glucosamine and [3h] mannose were incorporated into all three high molecular weight forms of acth; label was not incorporated into mr=4,500 acth (which is thought to be similar to the 39 amino acid polypeptide form of acth, alpha(1-39)). based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electro ...	1976	180016
the effects of spontaneous obesity on insulin binding, glucose transport, and glucose oxidation of isolated rat adipocytes.	we have studied insulin, binding, glucose transport, and glucose oxidation, using large adipocytes isolated from older, fatter rats (greater than 12-mo-old, greater than 550 g), and smaller cells obtained from younger, leaner animals (4-5-wk-old, 120-160 g). at media glucose levels less than 5 mm, basal (absence of insulin) rates of glucose oxidation are comparable in both groups of cells. however, in the presence of insulin, the increase in glucose oxidation is much greater in the smaller cells ...	1976	181402
extracellular enzymes of the genus bacteroides.	the extracellular production of hyaluronidase and chondroitin sulfatase was demonstrated in all of the subspecies of bacteroides fragilis tested with the exception of b. fragilis subsp. vulgatus. elastase was found only in one strain of b. coagulans tested. this appears to be the first report of these enzyme activities in this genus. additional enzymes found to be produced by certain members othis genus were fibrinolysin, penicillinase, lysozyme, lecithinase, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase, prot ...	1976	186484
treatment with gentamicin monitored by serum antibiotic assay.	gentamicin is very widely accepted as the most effective antibiotic for treatment of a number of serious gram-negative infections, but one disadvantage associated with its use is the risk of toxicity particularly affecting the eighth nerve. an account is given of eight years' experience with this antibiotic in which obvious ototoxicity was avoided in hospitalized patients in whom gentamicin treatment was monitored by assay of the residual amounts of antibiotic present in the serum. the relations ...	1976	186696
[experimental aortic stenosis, its subsequent correction and the activity of oxidative enzymes in the myocardium].	the activity of the respiratory enzymes of myocardial mitochondria--succinatedehydrogenase and cytochromixidase--was studied in experimentally induced aortic stenosis and after its elimination in 98 mongrel dogs. the observation period of stenosis was 1, 15, 30 and 60 days, and after its elimination--1, 7, 15 and 30 days. the activity of the enzymes in question was found to grow after the production of aortic stenosis. the highest level of their enzymatic activity was observed on the 15th day af ...	1976	181629
functional and ultrastructural studies of the effects of human interferon on cell membranes of in vitro cultured cells.	the effect of human leukocyte interferon on cultured u-amnion cells was examined, and several biological parameters were registered. multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus and the virus-produced cytopathogenic effect was prevented. the growth rate of uninfected cells was reduced, as well as the spontaneous release of 3h-uridine. these effects were observed following treatment with 10 units of interferon per ml. no morphological alterations could be detected by scanning electron microscopy ...	1976	187008
[cutaneous herpesvirus infections and malignant blood disorders. epidemiology].	one hundred and ten skin infections with herpes virus were seen in a uniform group of 1,002 lymphoma-leukaemias dominated by non-hodgkin's lymphoma (385) and hodgkin's disease (327). they appeared with a significantly increased frequency in the course of hodgkin's disease, and between the ages of 60 and 69 for the other groups. in the hodgkin's cases they appeared characteristically during complete remission and in the others during the active phase of their disease. only exceptionally was there ...	1976	187272
amino acid and hexose transport of normal and simian virus 40-transformed human cells.	studies on amino acid and hexose transport were performed on human wi-38 cells and wi-38 sv40-transformed cells (va13a and va13-2ra). depending upon cell line or conditions, either no difference or a relative decrease in initial uptake by transformed cells was found. under similar growth conditions, transformed hamster cells (pybhk-21/c13) had increased uptake, compared with the normal hamster cells (bhk-21/c13). the normal and transformed human cells were also similar in sialic acid content and ...	1976	177198
[comparative characteristics of the lipoproteins of the human vascular wall and blood plasma].	electrophoresis in the polyacrylamide gel and ultracentrifugation with a multistage density gradient demonstrated virtually the whole of the blood plasma lipoproteids spectrum to be contained in the human aortal wall. an immunological identity of the whole beta- and alpha-lipoproteids and also of their individual apoproteins in the aortal wall and blood plasma was ascertained. moreover, the ratio of etherified cholesterol/total cholesterol in the vascular and plasmatic lipoproteids proved to be ...	1976	185447
the effect of changes in potassium concentration on the maximal steroidogenic response of purified zona glomerulosa cells to angiotensin ii.		1976	185465
inhibition of actions of glucagon in adipocytes by gastric inhibitory polypeptide.	possible interactions between gastric inhibitory polypeptide (gip) and glucagon were investigated in rat adipocytes. gip was nonlipolytic and inhibited lipolysis stimulated by glucagon but not that stimulated by secretin or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip). gip competed with 125i-glucagon for binding to adipocyte receptors, and at physiologic concentrations inhibited the stimulation of amp produced by glucagon. thus gip acts as an inhibitor of actions of glucagon on adipocytes and may be ...	1976	185484
peptidoglycan biosynthesis in micrococcus luteus (sodonensis): transglycosidase and phosphodiesterase activities in membrane preparations.	two enzyme activities involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan in micrococcus luteus (sodonensis), a transglycosidase and a phosphodiesterase, have been demonstrated in isolated membrane preparations. the transglycosidase activity promotes the in vitro synthesis of an uncross-bridged peptidoglycan that is completely susceptible to lysozyme. this in vitro-synthesized peptidoglycan consists of 76% "soluble" and 24% "insoluble" material. the soluble peptidoglycan is primarily a single low-mole ...	1976	179977
radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine in human serum with special reference to methodological problems.	a radioimmunoassay for measuring the level of triiodothyronine in human serum has been developed and studied with respect to interference from hormone-binding substances present in human serum. dextran-coated charcoal was used for the separation of free and antibody-bound hormone. ans (8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid) was used to reduce the interference from hormone-binding substances in serum. extraction of the hormone by ethanol before the radioimmunoassay did not solve the problem of int ...	1976	181837
regulation of penicillin acylase in escherichia coli by cyclic amp.	1. cyclic amp was found to stimulate penicillin acylase activity. 2. it also overcame the repression of glucose and restored enzyme synthesis to the non-repressed levels. 3. the conversion of inactive enzyme precursor into active enzyme was not stimulated by cyclic amp in cells in which protein synthesis was inhibited by chloramphenicol. 4. cyclic amp failed to stimulate enzyme production in cells in which messenger rna synthesis was arrested by rifampicin or inducer removal. 5. cyclic amp appea ...	1976	174748
enzootic with ectromelia symptomatology in sprague-dowley rats.		1976	181904