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Differential resistance to edwardsiellosis in rohu (Labeo rohita) families selected previously for higher growth and/or aeromoniasis-resistance.Selection in fish for disease resistance is one of the most useful approaches to solve disease problems. Genetic variation in resistance to edwardsiellosis in fullsib families of rohu, Labeo rohita was investigated in the present study. A large variation in the susceptibility pattern (0 to 94.74 percent survival) against Edwardsiella tarda challenge was observed among 57 families. Additive genetic variation showed a heritability of 0.38?±?0.08 across the year-class survival. The apparent resista ...201122012677
comparison of static immersion and intravenous injection systems for exposure of zebrafish embryos to the natural pathogen edwardsiella tarda.the zebrafish embryo is an important in vivo model to study the host innate immune response towards microbial infection. in most zebrafish infectious disease models, infection is achieved by micro-injection of bacteria into the embryo. alternatively, edwardsiella tarda, a natural fish pathogen, has been used to treat embryos by static immersion. in this study we used transcriptome profiling and quantitative rt-pcr to analyze the immune response induced by e. tarda immersion and injection.201122003892
[cloning and expression of a outer membrance protein gene(omps(2);) of edwardsiella tarda hb01 and its immunogenicity].to construct a recombinant strain bl21(de3)(pet-28a-omps(2);), and obtain a genetic engineering vaccine to provide protective immunity against diseases caused by edwardsiella tarda.201121968306
crohn's disease exacerbation induced by edwardsiella tarda gastroenteritis.exacerbations of crohn's disease are not infrequently associated with bacterial gastroenteritis. the recognition of synchronous infections in such patients is vital for the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. furthermore, the detection of active bacterial infections may lead the clinician to delay starting biological therapy. we report here a man presenting with an exacerbation of his crohn's disease during a trip to thailand. stool cultures were positive for the unusual gut pathoge ...201122125507
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.The gene encoding nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) was cloned from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and the role played by NOD1 during Edwardsiella tarda infection was evaluated. The complete open reading frame of NOD1 was 2820bp in length, encoding a 939-amino acid polypeptide. The NOD1 protein contains three conserved domain structures including C-terminal LRRs, a central NACHT motif, and an N-terminal CARD domain, which show similarities of 49-74% to those of other ve ...201122142819
Intraspecific genetic variability of Edwardsiella tarda strains from cultured turbot.Edwardsiella tarda is an enterobacterial fish pathogen that causes mortality in various fish species worldwide. In this study, we analyzed the intraspecific variability in a collection of E. tarda strains isolated from turbot. To do this we employed 4 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods: (1) random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), (2) enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR), (3) repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR) and (4) BOX-PCR. E. tarda isolates f ...201121932538
study on the immune enhancement of different immunoadjuvants used in the pentavalent vaccine for turbots.in this study, we investigated the immune enhancing effects of different adjuvants used in a pentavalent vaccine for turbots. the pentavalent vaccine consisted of inactive bacterial cells from five common pathogenic strains (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio scophtalmi, edwardsiella tarda, vibrio harveyi and vibrio alginolyticus) and the adjuvants were astragalus polysaccharides (aps), propolis, and the freund's complete adjuvant (fca). turbots were immunized with the pentavalent vaccine alone or with ...201122178783
determination of the heterogeneous interactome between edwardsiella tarda and fish gills.edwardsiellosis caused by edwardsiella tarda is a frequent occurrence throughout the world and has resulted in extensive losses in aquaculture. however, information regarding to protein-protein interaction between the pathogenic cells and host is not available although the portal of entry of the pathogen is determined. in this study, fish gill and bacterial pull-down approaches were used to isolate both bacterial outer membrane proteins that bind to gills and fish gill proteins that interact wit ...201122079874
the two dps of edwardsiella tarda are involved in resistance against oxidative stress and host infection.dna-binding protein from starved cells (dps) is a member of ferritin-like proteins that exhibit properties of nonspecific dna binding and iron oxidation and storage. although studies of dps from many bacterial species have been reported, no investigations on dps from fish pathogens have been documented. in this study, we examined the biological function of two dps proteins, dps1 and dps2, from edwardsiella tarda, an important fish bacterial pathogen that can also infect humans. dps1 and dps2 are ...201121907291
edwardsiella tarda-a case report.edwardsiella tarda, a bacterium associated with fresh water ecosystems, can cause life-threatening illnesses in susceptible hosts. to date, very few cases of neonatal edwardsiella tarda sepsis have been reported in the literature, none from india. the author reports a 4-d-old preterm with e. tarda septicemia.201122012143
two-component phob-phor regulatory system and ferric uptake regulator sense phosphate and iron to control virulence genes in type iii and vi secretion systems of edwardsiella tarda.inorganic phosphate (p(i)) and iron are essential nutrients that are depleted by vertebrates as a protective mechanism against bacterial infection. this depletion, however, is sensed by some pathogens as a signal to turn on the expression of virulence genes. here, we show that the phob-phor two-component system senses changes in p(i) concentration, whereas the ferric uptake regulator (fur) senses changes in iron concentration in edwardsiella tarda ppd130/91 to regulate the expression of type iii ...201121953460
[A case of fasciitis localized in the calf muscles associated with Edwardsiella tarda sepsis].A 49-year-old man presented with fever and pain, redness, swelling, and difficulty in walking. The serum C-reactive protein (CRP), creatin kinase (CK), and endotoxin levels were elevated. A blood culture revealed Edwardsiella tarda(E. tarda). Computed tomography (CT) showed subfascial and subcutaneous low-density areas in the lower legs, suggesting focal abscesses and edema. The patient was likely to have necrotizing fasciitis or cellulitis. He was successfully treated with several antibiotics a ...201121946427
economic rights of the institutionalized mentally disabled. 20113319919
muscle function in women with rheumatoid arthritis--the influence of glucocorticosteroids. a clinical and morphological investigation. 20113187461
[primary transport of acute patients. optimal use of rescue resources exemplified by the canton of graubünden]. 20113927607
cancer and malnutrition--a critical interaction: a review. 20113917603
some recent advances in nutrition. 20113150448
[mechanized data processing in bacteriological research]. 20114655761
rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) serpin, protease nexin-1: transcriptional analysis and characterization of its antiprotease and anticoagulant activities.protease nexin-1 (pn-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) protein with functional roles in growth, development, patho-physiology and injury. here, we report our work to clone, analyze the expression profile and characterize the properties of the pn-1 gene in rock bream (rb), oplegnathus fasciatus. rbpn-1 encodes a peptide of 397 amino acids (aa) with a predicted molecular mass of 44 kda and a 23 aa signal peptide. rbpn-1 protein was found to harbor a characteristic serpin domain comprised ...201121419793
recombinant outer membrane protein a (ompa) of edwardsiella tarda, a potential vaccine candidate for fish, common carp.outer membrane protein a (ompa) is a component of the outer membrane of edwardsiella tarda and is wildly distributed in enterobacteriaceae family. the gene encoding the ompa protein was cloned from e. tarda and expressed in escherichia coli m15 cells. the recombinant ompa protein containing his(6) residues was estimated to have a molecular weight of ∼38kda. in western blot the native protein showed expression at ∼36kda molecular weight which was within the range of major outer membrane proteins ...201121482086
immunomodulating potency of lipopolysaccharides (lps) derived from smooth type of bacterial pathogens in indian major carp.lipopolysaccharides (lps), the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria, are reported to stimulate the immunity of different vertebrates including fish. however, their potency and spectrum of actions often differ among different bacteria. in this study, effect of crude lps, derived from three species of smooth gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens viz. edwardsiella tarda, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas fluorescens, on certain innate immune parameters of indian major carp, labeo rohita wa ...201121507588
construction and evaluation of a live vaccine against edwardsiella tarda and vibrio harveyi: laboratory vs. mock field trial.edwardsiella tarda and vibrio harveyi are gram-negative bacterial pathogens that affect a wide range of cultured fish. in previous studies, we have reported an e. tarda live vaccine atcc15947 and a v. harveyi subunit vaccine degq. on the basis of these studies, in the present study we developed a cross protective vaccine against both e. tarda and v. harveyi by constructing a recombinant atcc15947, et15vhd, that expresses and secrets v. harveyi degq as a soluble antigen. laboratory studies in a t ...201121514342
evaluation of the selective and differential et medium for detection of edwardsiella tarda in aquaculture systems.aims:  edwardsiella tarda is an important pathogen in aquaculture where it can cause serious losses. a rapid detection of it is vital to minimize the mortalities caused by this disease, and in this work, the effectiveness of the selective differential edw. tarda medium (et) was evaluated for the diagnosis of edwardsiellosis as well as for its possible use in epidemiological studies. methods and results:  et medium was evaluated in parallel with the commercial salmonella-shigella agar (ss), which ...201121554344
edwardsiella tarda dnaj is a virulence-associated molecular chaperone with immunoprotective potential.members of the dnaj/hsp40 family play an important role in protein homeostasis by regulating the activity of dnak/hsp70. in this study, we examined the activity and function of the dnaj from edwardsiella tarda, a serious fish pathogen that can also infect humans and birds. in silico analysis indicated that e. tarda dnaj contains structural features, i.e. the j domain, the glycine/phenylalanine-rich region, and the zinc-finger domain, that are conserved among type i hsp40. purified recombinant dn ...201121601637
molecular characterization, expression and functional analysis of a nuclear oligomerization domain proteins subfamily c (nlrc) in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).pattern recognition receptors (prrs) are involved in the effective innate defense against several microbes. here, we identified a nucleotide-oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptor subfamily c (nlrc) from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). full-length transcript of jfnlrc is composed of 3976bp encoding a protein of 1175 deduced amino acid residues. the presence of a signature nucleotide-binding domain (nacht) and leucine-rich repeated domain (lrr) suggested that the protein is a memb ...201121642003
htpg is involved in the pathogenesis of edwardsiella tarda.hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that is involved in diverse cellular processes including protein folding/repairing and signal transduction. edwardsiella tarda is a serious fish pathogen that affects fish aquaculture worldwide. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential importance of htpg, the prokaryotic homologue of hsp90, in the pathogenesis of e. tarda. e. tarda htpg is 627-residue in length and contains domain structures that are conserved among hsp90 family members. quantitative ...201121664076
isolation and identification of a novel inducible antibacterial peptide from the skin mucus of japanese eel, anguilla japonica.in this study, acetone extracts and acidic extracts were prepared from skin mucus, gill, kidney, liver and spleen of the japanese eel, anguilla japonica, and they exhibited different levels of antibacterial activities against three strains of gram-negative bacteria, edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas sp. and one gram-positive bacterium micrococcus leteus. the mucus was chosen as the source of antibacterial peptide for further purification of antibacterial peptides. following the ...201121796440
a stable plasmid system for heterologous antigen expression in attenuated vibrio anguillarum.to stably synthesize heterologous protein in an attenuated vibrio anguillarum strain (mvav6203) for potential multivalent live vaccine application, plasmids with different replicons were used to construct protein expression systems in this work. the gfp fragment under control of a strict low-iron-regulated promoter p(viua) was inserted into seven plasmids with varied replicons derived from pat153, pacyc184, pbbr1, pec, pmw118, prk2, and psc101, to generate seven corresponding plasmids. our resul ...201121791231
application of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins in the control of terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases: a review.oral administration of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) has attracted considerable attention as a means of controlling infectious diseases of bacterial and viral origin. oral administration of igy possesses many advantages compared with mammalian igg including cost-effectiveness, convenience and high yield. this review presents an overview of the potential to use igy immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases and speculates on the future of igy ...201121787857
search for live attenuated vaccine candidate against edwardsiellosis by mutating virulence-related genes of fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda.aims: the aims of this study were to construct and evaluate the live attenuated vaccine against edwardsiellosis on zebra fish model. methods and results: in this study, the deletion mutant of aroc gene for the biosynthesis of chorismic acid in ed. tarda eib202 was firstly constructed by allelic exchange strategy. according to the genome information, 19 double mutants and 1 multiple mutant were successively constructed by deleting virulence-associated genes based on the ?aroc mutant. zebra fish ...201121777261
molecular characterization of nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (nod)-2, analysis of its inductive expression and down-stream signaling following ligands exposure and bacterial infection in rohu (labeo rohita).nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (nod)-2 is a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (prr) and is a member of nod like receptor (nlr) family. it senses a wide range of bacteria and viruses or their products and is involved in innate immune responses. in this report, nod-2 gene was cloned and characterized from rohu (labeo rohita) which is highly commercially important fish species in the indian subcontinent. the full length rohu nod-2 (rnod-2) cdna comprised of 3176bp with a singl ...201121767564
a multivalent killed whole-cell vaccine induces effective protection against edwardsiella tarda and vibrio anguillarum.edwardsiella tarda, vibrio anguillarum, streptococcus iniae, and vibrio harveyi are important aquaculture pathogens that affect a wide range of fish species. in this study, we examined in a japanese founder (paralichthys olivaceus) model the possibility of developing simple, killed whole-cell vaccines with protective effect against two or more of the above pathogens. for this purpose, we utilized four pathogenic fish isolates: e. tarda tx1, v. anguillarum c312, s. iniae sf1, and v. harveyi t4d. ...201121763772
an inflammatory cc chemokine of cynoglossus semilaevis is involved in immune defense against bacterial infection.chemokines are a family of small cytokines that regulate leukocyte migration. based on the arrangement of the first two cysteine residues, chemokines are classified into four groups called cxc(+¦), cc(+¦), c, and cx(3)c. in this study, we identified a cc chemokine, cscck1, from half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis) and analyzed its biological activity. the deduced amino acid sequence of cscck1 contains 111 amino acid residues and is phylogenetically belonging to the ccl19/21/25 group ...201121723394
a novel immune-related gene, microtubule aggregate protein homologue, is up-regulated during ifn-+¦-related immune responses in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus.delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response mediated by antigen-specific th1 cells is used as a test to detect exposure to tuberculosis in humans. japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) microtubule aggregate protein homologue (pomtap) was identified as a gene strongly induced during fish dth response. in this study, pomtap gene was cloned and its expression profile was analyzed. the pomtap gene has a transcriptional regulatory region that includes two interferon-stimulated response elements ...201121824491
suppression subtractive hybridization coupled with microarray analysis to examine differential expression of genes in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus leucocytes during edwardsiella tarda and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection.transcriptional changes in the peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) of japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus challenged by edwardsiella tarda and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) were investigated using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) coupled with cdna microarray analysis. first, we constructed an ssh cdna library using mrna samples isolated from pbl of p.-áolivaceus that had been experimentally infected with e.-átarda. we then examined the transcriptional changes occurring ...201121722737
phenotypic diversity of edwardsiella tarda isolated from different origins.aims:ôçé to evaluate the diversity of phenotypic characteristics among isolates of edwardsiella tarda from various origins. methods and results:ôçé a total of 10 e.-átarda strains were investigated on biological characteristics including flagella formation, bacterial motility, biofilm formation, extracellular protein and plasmid profiles. all the e.-átarda strains (including two previous recognized as nonflagellation strains) were proven to have an average of 1-7 peritrichous flagella with the p ...201121679202
molecular cloning and expression analysis of two distinct f-type lectins from the rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.several lectin families characterized by distinct signature sequence motifs and structural folds, such as c-type, peptidoglycan recognition protein, ficolin, pentraxins, and most recently galectins, have been implicated in immune surveillance. in this study, two distinct f-type lectins rbftl-1 and rbftl-2, from the rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), were identified and their expression was analyzed. the full-length cdna of rbftl-1 was composed of 1204bp with a 945-bp open reading frame (orf) th ...201121683734
detection of yersinia enterocolitica in artificially-contaminated pork using monoclonal antibodies.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against yersinia enterocolitica were produced by fusion of ns-1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of icr mouse immunized with heat-killed and heat-killed plus sds-mercaptoethanol treated forms of y. enterocolitica atcc 27729 alone or mixed with y. enterocolitica mu. the twenty-five mabs obtained from five fusions were divided into nine groups according to their specificities to different bacterial strains and species, as determined by dot blotting. the first five ...201121699558
a case of liver abscess caused by edwardsiella tardaa.edwardsiella tarda, a member of the enterobacteriaceae family, is found in freshwater and marine environments. extraintestinal infections of edwardsiella tarda have been rarely reported. we describe a 70-year-old japanese woman suffering from autoimmune hemolytic anemia, with liver abscess caused by edwardsiella tarda. she had a history of cholecystectomy for gallbladder stone 10 years prior to this admission. she was successfully treated with percutaneous transhepatic abscess aspiration and mer ...201121720067
the effect of metals on condition and pathologies of european eel (anguilla anguilla): in situ and laboratory experiments.forty-nine wild eels (anguilla anguilla) caught in the albufera lake (spain), measuring 24.0-75.0cm in length and 25.0-637.7g in weight, were examined for metals (cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, pb, se and zn), condition (ci and hsi indices), as well as for diseases (anguillicola infestation; bacterial infections). total metal load significantly increased in eel liver tissue parallel to total length and body weight (log), while silvering females (w(b)>200g; l≥500mm) exhibited the highest amounts of ...201122030412
Identification of plasma-responsive outer membrane proteins and their vaccine potential in Edwardsiella tarda using proteomic approach.We have used differential sub-proteomic methodologies to detect Edwardsiella tarda outer membrane (OM) protein expression regulation during interaction with fish and human plasma, which is the critical step of the bacterial invasion internal organs via blood circulation. Seven and nine OM proteins were differentially expressed in response to fish and human plasma stress, respectively. Six proteins, TolB2, ETAE_2935, ETAE_0245, EvpA, ETAE_2675 and OmpA, were the shared proteins with the similar c ...201122137900
detection of type iii secretion gene as an indicator for pathogenic edwardsiella tarda.to differentiate pathogenic and nonpathogenic edwardsiella tarda strains based on the detection of type iii secretion system (t3ss) gene using polymerase chain reaction (pcr).201121219368
determination of internal controls for quantitative real time rt-pcr analysis of the effect of edwardsiella tarda infection on gene expression in turbot (scophthalmus maximus).in recent years, quantitative real time reverse transcriptase-pcr (qrt-pcr) has been used frequently in the study of gene expression in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) in relation to bacterial infection. however, no investigations on appropriate qrt-pcr reference genes have been documented. in this report, we determined the potential of eight housekeeping genes, i.e. β-actin (actb), ribosomal protein l17 (rpl17), α-tubulin (tuba), elongation factor-1-α(ef1a), β-2-microglobulin (b2m), rna polymeras ...201121220029
a galectin with quadruple-domain from bay scallop argopecten irradians is involved in innate immune response.galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins that specifically bind to β-galactoside residues and play crucial roles in innate immune responses of invertebrates and vertebrates. the cdna of bay scallop argopecten irradians galectin (designated as aigal2) was cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method based on the expressed sequence tag (est). the full-length cdna of aigal2 was of 2137 bp. the open reading frame encoded a polypeptide of 555 amino acids containing four car ...201121237194
osteomyelitis due to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant edwardsiella tarda infection in a patient with x-linked chronic granulomatous disease.edwardsiella tarda, a catalase-positive bacillus widely distributed throughout nature, is generally susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. we describe osteomyelitis due to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant e. tarda in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd). once e. tarda acquires antibiotic resistance, infected cgd patients may develop severe infections with unforeseeable consequences.201121246245
comparative study of the immune effect of an edwardsiella tarda antigen in two forms: subunit vaccine vs dna vaccine.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen and the etiological agent of a systematic fish disease called edwardsiellosis, which affects a wide range of marine and freshwater fish. e. tarda vaccines in various forms have been reported by a number of research groups; however, comparative studies on the immune mechanisms of these vaccines are lacking. in this report, we identified a new e. tarda vaccine candidate, eta2, and analyzed in a comparative manner the immune response induced ...201121255681
protective effect of herbal and probiotics enriched diet on haematological and immunity status of oplegnathus fasciatus (temminck & schlegel) against edwardsiella tarda.this study determines the effect of diet enriched with the herb baical skullcap scutellaria baicalensis, and/or probiotics lactobacillus sakei bk19 in rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus (32 ± 3 g) against edwardsiella tarda. the changes in haematological parameters, innate immune response, and disease resistance were investigated after 1, 3, and 6 weeks. the white blood cell count (wbc: 10(4) mm(-3)), red blood cell count (rbc: 10(6) mm(-3)), and haemoglobin (hb: g dl(-1)) levels significant incr ...201121272648
pocrip1, paralichthys olivaceus cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1: molecular characterization, expression analysis upon edwardsiella tarda challenge and a possible role in the immune regulation.cysteine-rich intestinal protein (crip) is a lim domain protein containing a zinc-finger motif and plays a role in the regulation of the inflammatory immune response. in the present study, we isolated a crip1 cdna, designated pocrip1, from an olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus intestine cdna library by est analysis. the pocrip cdna consists of 421 bp with a polyadenylation signal sequence, aataaa, and a poly(a) tail; it encodes a polypeptide of 76 amino acids containing a double zinc-finger m ...201121288490
qsebc controls flagellar motility, fimbrial hemagglutination and intracellular virulence in fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda.the inter-kingdom communication with the mammalian hosts mediated by autoinducer-3 (ai-3)/epinephrine (epi)/norepinephrine (ne), and transduced by two-component systems qsebc has recently been described. as a fish pathogen and opportunistic pathogen for human beings, edwardsiella tarda develops surface structures such as flagellar and fimbriae to cause different hemagglutination phenotypes and serotypes and initiate pathogen-host recognition and invasion process. e. tarda survives within macroph ...201121288493
septicaemia caused by edwardsiella tarda and plesiomonas shigelloides in captive penguin chicks.three cases of fatal septicaemia due to plesiomonas shigelloides and one due to edwardsiella tarda were diagnosed in newborn penguins from the basle zoo, switzerland from 2003 to 2007. the affected penguins were of two different species (king penguin, aptenodytes patagonicus, and african penguin, spheniscus demersus) and between 2 and 10 days old at the time of death. the causative agents, e. tarda and p. shigelloides are ubiquitous bacteria which are reported to be present in the normal intesti ...201121360449
distribution of mucous cells on the body surface of japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus.the distribution of mucous cells was examined in the skin on the ocular and blind sides of japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. observations were performed on both body sides at the following regions: cheek, lower jaw (blind side), gill cover (ocular side), dorsal side, lateral line, belly and caudal peduncle. the mucous cells observed were elliptic and positively stained for periodic acid schiff reaction and mayer's mucicarmine and showed a higher density and larger size on the ocular side ...201121366577
molecular and functional analyses of growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) from olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) is an important neuroendocrine factor that stimulates the release of growth hormone (gh) from the anterior pituitary. several nonmammalian ghrh-like peptides were reported previously to be encoded by pacap and processed from the same transcript and prepropolypeptide. however, the true nonmammalian ghrhs in amphibian and fishes were only recently discovered. we identified and characterized the primary structure of the ghrh gene and determined its expression ...201121376131
generation of two auxotrophic genes knock-out edwardsiella tarda and assessment of its potential as a combined vaccine in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).two auxotrophic genes that play essential roles in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis--alanine racemase (alr) gene and aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) gene--knock-out edwardsiella tarda (+öalr +öasd e. tarda) was generated by the allelic exchange method to develop a combined vaccine system. green fluorescent protein (gfp) was used as a model foreign protein, and was expressed by transformation of the mutant e. tarda with antibiotic resistant gene-free plasmids harboring cassettes for gf ...201121397031
molecular cloning and expression analysis of a thioredoxin from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus, and biological activity of the recombinant protein.thioredoxins (trxs) are a family of small, highly conserved proteins that are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. trx1, which contains a conserved redox-active site, cys-gly-pro-cys, is a proinflammatory cytokine, b cell growth factor, macrophage migration inhibiting factor (mif), and an immune regulatory cytokine. the trx1 homologue cdna was isolated from the rock bream lps-stimulated liver cdna library, rbtrx1. rbtrx1 consists of 730 bp full-length cdna with a 324 bp open re ...201121402159
outer membrane vesicles as a candidate vaccine against edwardsiellosis.infection with edwardsiella tarda, a gram-negative bacterium, causes high morbidity and mortality in both marine and freshwater fish. outer membrane vesicles (omvs) released from gram-negative bacteria are known to play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis and host immune responses, but no such roles for e. tarda omvs have yet been described. in the present study, we investigated the proteomic composition of omvs and the immunostimulatory effect of omvs in a natural host, as well as the eff ...201121408115
type vi secretion regulation: crosstalk and intracellular communication.pathogens use type vi secretion systems (t6sss) to transport proteins into the environment or host cells in response to external stimuli. t6sss are tightly regulated together with other virulence determinants such as type iii secretion systems, quorum sensing (qs), and flagella synthesis. five pathogens (salmonella enterica, edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio cholerae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) are examined for crosstalk proteins (global regulators) that connect t6sss to other vi ...201120971679
microarray technology is an effective tool for identifying genes related to the aquacultural improvement of japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus.molecular techniques are now essential for discovering new functional genes for the improvement of cultured marine organisms. such techniques can be used to obtain expressed sequence tags (est) and, through the use of microarrays, the entire transcriptome. for example, microarrays can be used to reveal biomarkers of health conditions, nutrient changes and immune response in fish and shellfish. est-based microarray chips were constructed for cultured fish and shellfish species including japanese ...201120685186
identification and characterization of japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus interferon-stimulated gene 15 (jf-isg15).previously, using cdna microarray analysis, we demonstrated that an est clone of japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) with homology to mammalian interferon-stimulated gene 15 (isg15) was strongly induced by treatment with dna vaccine encoding the glycoprotein gene of hirame rhabdovirus (hirrv). in this study, we conducted molecular cloning and expression analysis of the japanese flounder isg15 (jf-isg15). jf-isg15 encoded two exons. the first exon was non-coding, while the second exon enco ...201120299096
inductive expression of toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) and associated downstream signaling molecules following ligand exposure and bacterial infection in the indian major carp, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala).toll-like receptors (tlrs) are one of the key components of innate immunity. among various types of tlrs, tlr5 is involved in recognizing bacterial flagellin and after binding, it triggers myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (myd88)-dependent signaling pathway to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines. in this report, we analyzed the expression profile of tlr5 and its associated downstream signaling molecules like myd88 and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor-associated factor (traf) 6 ...201222085689
urinary diversion: a new angle? 20123671701
13c nmr studies of carboxylate inhibitor binding to cobalt(ii) carboxypeptidase a.both 13c nmr and electronic absorption spectral studies on cobalt(ii) carboxypeptidase a in the presence of acetate and phenylacetate provide evidence for two binding sites for each of these agents. the transverse relaxation rate t2-1 for the 13c-enriched carboxyl groups of the inhibitors is significantly increased when bound to the paramagnetic cobalt carboxypeptidase as compared to the diamagnetic zinc enzyme. the acetate concentration dependence of t2p-1 shows two inflections indicative of se ...20123346659
[behavior of oxygen pressure in muscle (po2) in healthy subjects and in patients with intermittent claudication following standardized foot ergometric exercise]. 20123464140
Secreted glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a broad spectrum vaccine candidate against microbial infection in aquaculture.Aims: Subcellullar localizations and cross-immunities of GAPDHs from six common pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture were investigated. Methods and Results: Subcellullar localizations of GAPDHs of Edwardsiella tarda EIB202, Edwardsiella ictaluri ATCC33202, Aeromonas hydrophila LSA34, Vibrio anguillarum MVM425, Vibrio alginolyticus EPGS020401 and Vibrio harveyi VIB647 were analysed with Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry examinations. Immunoprotections of different r ...201222017642
Phenoloxidase in the scallop Chlamys farreri: Purification and antibacterial activity of its reaction products generated in vitro.Phenoloxidase (PO) was purified from hemocytes of the scallop Chlamys farreri using native-PAGE and gel permeation column chromatography, and then substrate specificity and antibacterial activity generated from reaction products of purified PO were analyzed. The results showed purified PO had a molecular mass of 576 kDa in native-PAGE and 53 kDa in denatured PAGE, and could catalyze the substrates L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), dopamine, catechol and hydroquinone suggesting it is a type ...201222119576
prevalence of community acquired urinary tract infections in silchar medical college, assam, india and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile.background: this study was conducted to know the rate of prevalence of community acquired uti infections in both males and females, assam, north-east india. materials and methods: a 50 μl of urine sample from each of the subjects was streaked on cystine lactose electrolyte-deficient agar medium. the plates were incubated overnight at 37°c. pure, isolated colonies of each type was separately cultured and characterized. the susceptibility of the clinical isolates to routinely prescribed antibiotic ...201223897522
bacterial pathogens and flora isolated from farm-cultured eels (anguilla japonica) and their environmental waters in korean eel farms.the purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial pathogens and flora in both sick and clinically healthy eels, anguilla japonica, and the environmental rearing waters of korean eel farms. between 2003 and 2010, a total of 621 sick eels were submitted for diagnosis, while 216 healthy eels and 87 environmental water samples were collected during a survey of 26 eel farms in korea. seven different bacterial species were obtained from 183 isolates, which were recovered from the internal organs ...201223357049
structure of the o-polysaccharide of edwardsiella tarda pcm 1150 containing an amide of d-glucuronic acid with l-alanine.mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of edwardsiella tarda pcm 1150 afforded an o-polysaccharide, which was isolated by gpc on sephadex g-50 and studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with 1d and 2d 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopies, including experiments performed in a 9:1 h2o/d2o mixture to detect nh protons and their correlations with ch protons. the o-polysaccharide was found to contain an amide of d-glucuronic acid with l-alanine (d-glca6ala) and the following structure of t ...201223348241
characterization of edwardsiella tarda rpon: roles in σ(70) family regulation, growth, stress adaption and virulence toward fish.edwardsiella tarda eib202, a gram-negative pathogen with strong virulence, is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing edwardsiellosis with high mortality to fish. alternative sigma factor 54 (rpon) is an important regulator of virulence and stress resistance genes in many bacterial species and mainly responsible for transcription of genes in nitrogen utilization. in this study, the in-frame rpon deletion mutant was constructed to analyze the function of rpon in edwardsiella tarda firstly. c ...201222231477
effect of heavy oil exposure on antibacterial activity and expression of immune-related genes in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus.heavy oil (ho) pollution is one of the most important environmental issues globally. however, little is known about the immunotoxicity of ho in fish. we therefore investigated the effects of ho exposure on immunocompetence and expression of immune-related genes in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. to test immunocompetency, serum collected from the fish was mixed with edwardsiella tarda, plated, and the resultant number of bacterial colonies was counted. plates with serum from ho-exposed ...201222228536
edwardsiella tarda - virulence mechanisms of an emerging gastroenteritis pathogen.human edwardsiella tarda infections often manifest as gastroenteritis, but can become systemic and potentially lethal. e. tarda uses virulence factors that include type iii and type vi secretion systems, quorum sensing, two-component systems, and exoenzymes to gain entry into and survive within the host. better understanding of interactions between these factors will lead to the development of novel antimicrobials against e. tarda and other enterics.201221924375
first description of edwardsiella tarda in senegalese sole, solea senegalensis (kaup). 201222168457
monoclonal antibody to serum immunoglobulins of clarias batrachus and its application in immunoassays.serum immunoglobulins of clarias batrachus (cb-ig) were purified by affinity chromatography using bovine serum albumin as capture ligand. under reducing conditions in sds-page, cb-ig was composed of a heavy (h) chain (68.7 kda) and two light (l) chains (27.4 and 26.3 kda). purified cb-ig was used to produce a monoclonal antibody (mab) designated e4 mab that belonged to igg1 subclass. in western blotting, this mab showed binding to h chain of purified cb-ig and putative h chains in reduced sera o ...201223000018
a streptococcus iniae dna vaccine delivered by a live attenuated edwardsiella tarda via natural infection induces cross-genus protection.edwardsiella tarda and streptococcus iniae are important fish pathogens. we have reported previously a live e. tarda vaccine based on the attenuated strain tx5rm and a s. iniae dna vaccine based on the antigen sia10. in this study, we examined the possibility of constructing a cross-genus vaccine by taking advantage of the residual infectivity of tx5rm and using it as a carrier host for the natural delivery of a s. iniae dna vaccine. for this purpose, the recombinant tx5rm, tx5rms10, was created ...201222967257
class ii, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator (ciita) in channel catfish: identification and expression patterns responding to different pathogens.nlrs are a large family belonging to pattern recognition receptors which could recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns. class ii, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator (ciita) is a member of nlr family. it is a critical transcription factor which could regulate the expression of mhc class ii. in this study, a full-length cdna of ciita was cloned from channel catfish according to ten sequenced ests. this cdna contains a 5'-utr of 71 bp, a 3'-utr of 238 bp and an orf of 3,210 b ...201223073771
successful treatment of a patient with sepsis and liver abscess caused by edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a bacterium that is associated with both an asymptomatic oral carrier state and self-limiting diarrhoeal illness in humans. we herein report a case of sepsis and liver abscess caused by e. tarda and review the patients with e. tarda sepsis who presented at our hospital. an 85-year-old woman developed enterocolitis and sepsis caused by e. tarda. she was administered intensive care and thus was able to soon show a good recovery, however, she subsequently developed a liver abs ...201223037482
pathogenesis of and strategies for preventing edwardsiella tarda infection in fish.edwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens, infecting both cultured and wild fish species. research on edwardsiellosis has revealed that e. tarda has a broad host range and geographic distribution, and contains important virulence factors that enhance bacterial survival and pathogenesis in hosts. although recent progress in edwardsiellosis research has enabled the development of numerous, highly effective vaccine candidates, these efforts have not been translated into a commercializ ...201223035843
flic, a flagellin protein, is essential for the growth and virulence of fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a flagellated gram-negative bacterium which causes edwardsiellosis in fish. flic, as a flagellar filament structural protein, is hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of infection. in this study, a flic in-frame deletion mutant of a virulent isolate of e. tarda was constructed through double crossover allelic exchange by means of the suicide vector pre112, and its virulence-associated phenotypes and pathogenicity were tested. it was found that the deletion of flic ...201223024793
molecular cloning and functional characterization of two duplicated two-cysteine containing type i interferon genes in rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus.two type i interferon (ifn) genes, designated as rbifn1 and rbifn2, have been cloned and characterized in rock bream. they are both comprised of 5 exons and 4 introns, and are closely linked on the rock bream chromosome in a unique head-to-head configuration. both genes encode 183 amino acid (aa) precursor with a putative 17 aa signal peptide in the n-terminal. only one amino acid divergence is present between two ifns. compared with the type i ifns in higher vertebrates, two rock bream ifns pos ...201222889848
edwardsiella tarda sepsis with multiple liver abscesses in a patient with cushing's syndrome.edwardsiella tarda is very seldom a cause for gastroenteritis in humans. this organism can also cause extraintestinal infections, such as soft tissue infections, meningitis, peritonitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and hepatobiliary tract disease, particularly in the setting of compromised immunity. we describe, for the first time a case of e. tarda sepsis with multiple liver abscesses associated with cushing's syndrome as a result of recreational aquatic exposure.201222885207
interferon regulatory factors 4 and 8 in rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus: structural and expressional evidence for their antimicrobial role in teleosts.the interferon regulatory factor (irf) members irf4 and irf8 contribute to b-lymphocyte development and can act as regulators of immunoglobulin (ig) light chain gene transcription. these two irfs are closely interrelated and are expressed at high levels in the lymphoid and myeloid cells of the immune system. in this study, the complete cdna and genomic sequences of rock bream irf4 (rbirf4) and irf8 (rbirf8) were identified by homology screening of a multi-tissue normalized cdna library and a bac ...201222885028
genomic characterization and expression analysis of complement component 9 in rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).the complement component 9 (c9) is a single-chain glycoprotein that mediates formation of the membrane attack complex (mac) on the surface of target cells. full-length c9 sequence was identified from a cdna library of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), and its genomic sequence was obtained by screening and sequencing of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) genomic dna library of rock bream. the rock bream complement component 9 (rb-c9) gene contains 11 exons and 10 introns and is composed of ...201222796422
withdrawn: dietary supplementation of artemisia capillaris on immunity in paralichthys olivaceus against edwardsiella tarda.this article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.201222771963
fighting fish (betta splendens) bubble nests do not inhibit microbial growth.some organisms produce antimicrobial substances in nesting foam to favorably manipulate the environment to which their developing offspring are exposed. we tested if fighting fish betta splendens foamy nest material, which is comprised of bubbles produced in the oral cavity of nesting males, has antimicrobial properties against a pathogenic bacteria (edwardsiella tarda), a nonpathogenic bacteria (escherichia coli), or a pathogenic oomycete (saprolegnia parasitica). we also tested if exposure to ...201222753365
an edwardsiella tarda mutant lacking udp-glucose dehydrogenase shows pleiotropic phenotypes, attenuated virulence, and potential as a vaccine candidate.edwarsiella tarda is highly resistant to the action of cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps). however, the mechanism underlying camp resistance is not clear. the enzyme udp-glucose dehydrogenase (ugd) that converts udp-glucose into udp-glucuronic acid may be important for this resistance. in this study, a ugd gene was identified in e. tarda and its functional role was analyzed using an in-frame deletion mutant δugd and the complemented strain ugd+. the lipopolysaccharide (lps) produced by δugd ...201222748630
different approaches to expressing edwardsiella tarda antigen gapdh in attenuated vibrio anguillarum for multivalent fish vaccines.with the development of gene technology, expressing heterologous antigens in attenuated bacteria has become an important strategy to design multivalent vaccines. in our previous work, an attenuated vibrio anguillarum named mvav6203 was developed and proven to be an efficient live vaccine candidate. in this research, we aimed to express protective antigen glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of edwardsiella tarda in attenuated vibrio anguillarum to establish a multivalent v. anguillar ...201222724428
edwardsiella tarda sialidase: pathogenicity involvement and vaccine potential.bacterial sialidases are a group of glycohydrolases that are known to play an important role in invasion of host cells and tissues. in this study, we examined in a model of japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) the potential function of nana, a sialidase from the fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda. nana is composed of 670 residues and shares low sequence identities with known bacterial sialidases. in silico analysis indicated that nana possesses a sialidase domain and an autotransporter domai ...201222705341
identification of qseegf genetic locus and its roles in controlling hemolytic activity and invasion in fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda.the aims of this study were to reveal the roles of the gene locus qseegf in the pathogenesis of edwardsiella tarda.201222694092
antigen adsorbed surface modified poly-ɛ-caprolactone microspheres stimulates both adaptive and innate immune response in fish.surface modified poly-ɛ-caprolactone microspheres as an antigen carrier was explored in a fish model. outer membrane vesicles of edwardsiella tarda adsorbed on to surface modified poly-ɛ-caprolactone microspheres with chitosan and alginate induces both innate and adaptive immune responses which persist up to 63 days of post immunization through parenteral immunization unlike that of free and fia adjuvented antigens. these results highlight the role of these microspheres as an adjuvant/antigen ca ...201222633870
cystatin b homolog from rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic characterization, transcriptional profiling and protease-inhibitory activity of recombinant protein.cysteine proteases are present in all living organisms and, in animals, function in a vast array of physiological and pathological processes. cysteine protease inhibitors act upon the cysteine proteases to regulate their activity. the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors has members represented in all living organisms studied to date. here, we report the identification of a new member of the family 1 cystatin in oplegnathus fasciatus rock bream (denoted as rbcyt b) and the charac ...201222626887
recombinant interferon-γ activates immune responses against edwardsiella tarda infection in the olive flounder, paralichthys olivaceus.interferon gamma (ifn-γ) is a cytokine that plays a very important role in defining th1 immune response in all vertebrates. in this study, recombinant ifn-γ (rifn-γ) from the olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) was produced in an escherichia coli system using a pet expression vector. stimulation of whole kidney leukocytes (immune-related cells) in vitro with the resulting rifn-γ significantly induced the gene expression of interleukin-1β (il-1β), signal transducer and activator of transcript ...201222609730
edwardsiella tarda eta1, an in vivo-induced antigen that is involved in host infection.edwardsiella tarda, a gram-negative bacterium, is a severe fish pathogen that can also infect humans. in this study, we identified, via in vivo-induced antigen technology, an e. tarda antigen, eta1, and analyzed its function in a japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) model. eta1 is composed of 226 residues and shares homology with putative bacterial adhesins. quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr analysis indicated that when cultured in vitro, eta1 expression was growth phas ...201222585967
identification and characterization of a hepcidin from half-smooth tongue sole cynoglossus semilaevis.hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, has a dual function including innate immunity and iron regulation. here, based on the sequence of an est database, we have isolated and characterized a hepcidin gene (referred to as cshepcidin) from half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis). analysis of the coding regions indicated cshepcidin gene comprised 3 exons and 2 introns. the putative cshepcidin showed a great similarity to other hepcidin orthologues, particularly with respect to its 24 aa signa ...201222565018
generation of a temperature-sensitive edwardsiella tarda mutant and its potential as a prophylactic vaccine in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).the aim of this study was to generate temperature-sensitive edwardsiella tarda mutant and to evaluate potential of the mutant as a vaccine in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).201222563810
caspase 3 from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): genomic characterization and transcriptional profiling upon bacterial and viral inductions.caspase 3 is a prominent mediator of apoptosis and participates in the cell death signaling cascade. in this study, caspase 3 was identified (rbcasp3) and characterized from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). the full-length cdna of rbcasp3 is 2683 bp and contains an open reading frame of 849 bp, which encodes a 283 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 31.2 kda and isoelectric point of 6.31. the amino acid sequence resembles the conventional caspase 3 domain architecture, incl ...201222554851
molecular identification and expression analysis of two distinct bpi/lbps (bactericidal permeability-increasing protein/lps-binding protein) from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.we identified two cdnas designated as rbbpi/lbp-1 and rbbpi/lbp2, respectively, which were identified by expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of a lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated rock bream liver cdna library. the two cdna displayed 36.9% identity at the translated amino acid level. despite the low level of identity between the two genes, high conservation was seen in the bpi/lbp/cetp n-terminal, lps-binding, the proline-rich central and the bpi/lbp/cetp c-terminal domains. the full-length ...201222521422
edwardsiella tarda flagellar protein flgd: a protective immunogen against edwardsiellosis.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterium and a causative agent of edwardsiellosis, resulting to severe loss of the aquaculture industry. in this study, based on the reverse vaccinology, sixteen flagellar proteins were selected from highly pathogenic e. tarda eib202 genome information and in silico analyzed as potential vaccine candidates. among them, ten recombinant proteins were highly expressed in escherichia coli and successfully purified. the immunoprotective potentials of these purif ...201222521284
birc7 gene in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus): identification and expression analysis in response to edwardsiella tarda, streptococcus iniae and channel catfish hemorrhage reovirus.a family member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (iap) termed baculoviral iap repeat-containing 7 (birc7) from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) was identified, the full length cdna sequence of channel catfish birc7 (ccbirc7) was 1686 bp, containing a 5'utr of 93 bp, a 3'utr of 399 bp with a poly (a) tail and an orf of 1194 bp encoding a putative protein of 398 amino acids. the putative ccbirc7 protein contains two bir super-family conservative domains and a c-terminal ring finger motif. ph ...201222510211
a novel acute phase reactant, serum amyloid a-like 1, from oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic and molecular characterization and transcriptional expression analysis.acute phase response is a significant component of innate immunity, playing a vital role in the signaling processes and elimination of invading pathogens. acute phase proteins are synthesized in liver and secreted into the blood for transportation to an infection site, where the defense function is exerted. serum amyloid a (saa) and c-reactive proteins are the major positive acute phase proteins. in this study, we have identified and characterized a novel saa related gene from rock bream (oplegn ...201222504166
multi-locus sequence analysis (mlsa) of edwardsiella tarda isolates from fish.edwardsiella tarda is an enteric fish pathogen that has caused significant economic losses in a range of fish species residing in diverse ecological conditions. several molecular methods relying on dna fingerprinting (rapd, rflp and eric-pcr) and the gyrb gene marker have been used to characterize e. tarda isolates. however, all had drawbacks in resolving power and reproducibility. the present study was aimed at developing a novel multi-locus sequence analysis (mlsa) scheme for genetic character ...201222464156
overexpression of mlta in edwardsiella tarda reduces resistance to antibiotics and enhances lethality in zebra fish.the aim of this study was to investigate the role of membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase a (mlta) in a bacterial fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda.201222443589
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