Publications

movie magic in the clinic: computer-generated characters for automated health counseling.	in this presentation, i demonstrate how many of the technologies used in movie special effects and games have been successfully used in health education and behavior change interventions. computer-animated health counselors simulate human face-to-face dialogue as a computer interface medium, including not only verbal behavior but nonverbal conversational behavior such as hand gesture, body posture shifts, and facial display of emotion. this technology has now been successfully used in a wide ran ...	2008	18999232
expanding global hiv treatment: case studies from the field.	in the last 25 years, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has become the leading infectious killer of adults globally, with an estimated 44 million people infected with the virus worldwide. most of these individuals live in poor regions of the world, particularly sub-saharan africa. although a great deal of work has been done in identifying and treating individuals with the disease, there has been little action to date to address the complex socioeconomic factors that lie at the heart of this glo ...	2008	17954668
observed finger behaviour during computer mouse use.	two-button computer mouse users may exhibit sustained, static finger lifting behaviours to prevent inadvertent activations by avoiding finger pressure on the buttons, which leads to prolonged, static finger extensor muscle loading. one hundred graduate students were observed during normal computer work in a university computer facility to qualify and quantify the prevalence of lifted finger behaviours and extended finger postures, as well as wrist/forearm and grip behaviour, during specific mous ...	2008	17400173
the effects of abcg5/g8 polymorphisms on plasma hdl cholesterol concentrations depend on smoking habit in the boston puerto rican health study.	low hdl-cholesterol (hdl-c) is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis, and concentrations are modulated by genetic factors and environmental factors such as smoking. our objective was to assess whether the association of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at abcg5/g8 (i18429g>a, i7892t>c, gln604gluc>g, 5u145a>c, tyr54cysa>g, asp19hisg>c, i14222a>g, and thr400lysc>a) genes with hdl-c differs according to smoking habit. abcg5/g8 snps were genotyped in 845 participants (24 ...	2009	19005228
seasonal source-sink dynamics at the edge of a species' range.	the roles of dispersal and population dynamics in determining species' range boundaries recently have received theoretical attention but little empirical work. here we provide data on survival, reproduction, and movement for a virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) population at a local distributional edge in central massachusetts (usa). most juvenile females that apparently exploited anthropogenic resources survived their first winter, whereas those using adjacent natural resources died of sta ...	2009	19569372
multicenter study of knowledge about human papilloma virus and attitudes among emergency department patients.	we sought to evaluate knowledge of human papilloma virus (hpv) and attitudes toward the hpv vaccine among emergency department (ed) patients.	2009	19576825
evidence-based practice, clinical simulations workshop, and intravenous medications: moving toward safer practice.	in an era of increased emphasis on medication safety practice, a gap exists in the translation of research to clinical practice for administering intravenous continuous infusion medications. an educational initiative was designed for medical-surgical nurses in a tertiary care center to standardize operational procedures in a clinical model focusing on evidence-based practice.	2009	19591361
formation of personal hiv disclosure policies among hiv-positive men who have sex with men.	given the increasing emphasis on "prevention with positives" programs designed to promote hiv transmission risk reduction among people living with hiv/aids, better understanding of influences upon serostatus disclosure in sexual situations is needed. based on grounded theory analyses of individual interviews, this exploratory research hypothesizes and interprets how 15 hiv-positive men who have sex with men (msm) formed personal hiv disclosure policies for sexual situations. participants describ ...	2009	19621994
metapopulation structure for perpetuation of francisella tularensis tularensis.	outbreaks of type a tularemia due to francisella tularensis tularensis are typically sporadic and unstable, greatly hindering identification of the determinants of perpetuation and human risk. martha's vineyard, massachusetts has experienced an outbreak of type a tularemia which has persisted for 9 years. this unique situation has allowed us to conduct long-term eco-epidemiologic studies there. our hypothesis is that the agent of type a tularemia is perpetuated as a metapopulation, with many sma ...	2009	19627585
apolipoprotein a5 polymorphisms interact with total dietary fat intake in association with markers of metabolic syndrome in puerto rican older adults.	apoa5 -1131t > c and s19w single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) have been consistently associated with plasma lipid concentration and metabolic syndrome (mets), alone and in modulation by dietary factors. puerto ricans have a high prevalence of metabolic conditions and high minor allele frequency for these snp, suggesting a possible role in disease for this population. we aimed to determine the association of apoa5 -1131t > c and s19w with plasma lipids and markers of mets, alone and in interact ...	2009	19828688
college men's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about the human papillomavirus infection and vaccine.	men enrolled in an urban university participated in focus groups (k=6; n=45) to explore knowledge about human papillomavirus and attitudes toward prophylactic vaccine. results suggest that regardless of whether vaccines become available to men, educational efforts should include them, as men tend to have many misconceptions and do not perceive themselves to be vulnerable.	2009	19837363
five-year clinical follow-up after implantation of the endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent: endeavor i, first-in-human study.	to evaluate the 5-year clinical outcomes of patients treated with the endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent (zes) in the endeavor i first-in-human study.	2009	19859958
boston medical center pediatric emergency response to h1n1.		2009	19914494
relative impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in young children.	we measured the relative impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in young children in terms of emergency department (ed) visits, clinical care requirements, and overall resource use.	2009	19933730
a view from riggs: treatment resistance and patient authority-xii. examined living: a psychodynamic treatment system.	hospitalized patients with treatment resistant comorbid axis i and ii psychiatric disorders have in common a developmental history that includes a lack of fit between their needs and their human environment. adaptation of their personalities to this environmental failure contributes to these patients' lack of trust in authority. treatment resistance may represent a repetition of this early experience, with the current biological and symptom focus of the field representing yet another insufficien ...	2009	20001200
cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation.	that insufficient sleep is associated with poor attention and performance deficits is becoming widely recognized. fewer people are aware that chronic sleep complaints in epidemiologic studies have also been associated with an increase in overall mortality and morbidity. this article summarizes findings of known effects of insufficient sleep on cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure, glucose metabolism, hormonal regulation, and inflammation with particular emphasis on experimental s ...	2009	19110131
tcf7l2 variants are associated with increased proinsulin/insulin ratios but not obesity traits in the framingham heart study.	common variants in the tcf7l2 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes via impaired insulin secretion. one hypothesis is that variation in tcf7l2 impairs insulin processing in the beta cell. in contrast, the association of related tcf7l2 polymorphisms with obesity is controversial in that it has only been shown in cohorts susceptible to ascertainment bias. we reproduced the association of diabetes-associated variants with proinsulin/insulin ratios, and also examined the association of a tcf7l2 h ...	2009	19183934
improving the health of diabetic patients through resident-initiated group visits.	group visits have the potential to benefit patients with chronic illnesses. our objective was to implement resident-run diabetic group visits that would improve patient education and help patients become more involved in their care.	2009	19184689
polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) concentrations in house dust are related to hormone levels in men.	despite documented widespread human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) through dietary intake and contact with or inhalation of indoor dust, along with growing laboratory evidence for altered endocrine function following exposure, human studies of pbde exposure and endocrine effects remain limited. we conducted a preliminary study within an ongoing study on the impact of environmental exposures on male reproductive health. we measured serum hormone levels and pbde concentrations ...	2009	19211133
the effect of angiotensin-blocking agents on liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis c.	multiple studies implicate the renin-angiotensin system in hepatic fibrogenesis. few studies have examined the effects of angiotensin blockade on liver fibrosis via human histology.	2009	19220742
antiviral and antibiotic prescribing for influenza in primary care.	anti-influenza antiviral medications reduce influenza-related morbidity, but may often be used inappropriately.	2009	19225847
participant experiences in a breastmilk biomonitoring study: a qualitative assessment.	biomonitoring studies can provide information about individual and population-wide exposure. however they must be designed in a way that protects the rights and welfare of participants. this descriptive qualitative study was conducted as a follow-up to a breastmilk biomonitoring study. the primary objectives were to assess participants' experiences in the study, including the report-back of individual body burden results, and to determine if participation in the study negatively affected breastf ...	2009	19226469
a walk in the park: a case study in research ethics.	can researchers, interested in novel ways to assess hiv seroprevalence among populations which are otherwise hidden, collect condoms that have been discarded on the ground in a public sex environment and test them for hiv? researchers, who use other types of abandoned samples, such as discarded syringes, hair or saliva samples, or excess biological samples, confront similar issues. this review evaluates whether such abandoned tissues can be studied based on u.s. code of federal regulations and l ...	2009	19245606
resistin, adiponectin, and risk of heart failure the framingham offspring study.	we tested the association of the adipokines resistin and adiponectin with incident heart failure.	2009	19245965
early adulthood uprooted: transitoriness in young women with breast cancer.	young women with breast cancer face a more aggressive disease and lower survival rate compared with those who are older, thereby confronting the potential finitude of life or transitoriness at a time when they are establishing their careers, developing partnerships, and building families. little is known about the perspectives of young women with breast cancer in how they consider issues of their own mortality. patients with stage i to iii breast cancer aged 39 years and younger who were diagnos ...	2009	19295418
exposure to breast milk in infancy and risk of breast cancer.	early life exposures, such as being breastfed in infancy, may influence the risk of breast cancer in adulthood. we evaluated the risk of breast cancer in relation to ever having been breastfed in infancy among 9,442 women who participated in a population-based, case-control study. cases were identified through cancer registries in three states (massachusetts, new hampshire, and wisconsin); controls were identified through statewide drivers' license lists or medicare lists. data on known and susp ...	2009	19330531
an assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the united states.	polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment, owing to their use in consumer products ranging from electronics to mattresses, furniture, and carpets. people are exposed to pbdes through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles present in the air. in this study, concentrations of pbdes were determined in indoor air and house dust collected from homes in albany, new york, usa. based on the measured concentrations of pbdes in ...	2009	19349061
history of space medicine: the formative years at nasa.	almost nothing was known about the effects of spaceflight on human physiology when, in may of 1961, president john f. kennedy committed the united states to land a man on the moon and return him safely to earth within the decade. there were more questions than answers regarding the effects of acceleration, vibration, cabin pressure, co2 concentration, and microgravity. there were known external threats to life, such as solar and ultraviolet radiation, meteorites, and extreme temperatures as well ...	2009	19378903
p53 arg72pro and mdm2 t309g polymorphisms, histology, and esophageal cancer prognosis.	this study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) in the p53 pathway (p53 arg72pro and mdm2 t309g) in patients with esophageal cancer, and to determine the importance of histologic subtype in the snp-outcome relationships.	2009	19383811
anal human papillomavirus infection is associated with hiv acquisition in men who have sex with men.	human papillomavirus (hpv) is a common sexually transmitted agent that causes anogenital cancer and precancer lesions that have an inflammatory infiltrate, may be friable and bleed. our aim was to determine the association between anal hpv infection and hiv acquisition.	2009	19390418
animal rabies in massachusetts, 1985-2006.	in this study, we review annual rabies data from massachusetts from 1985 to 2006, spanning the introduction of raccoon strain rabies in 1992. of 52,034 animals tested, 9.7% (5,049/52,034) were rabid, representing 26 of over 67 species submitted. bats were the most common rabid animals prior to 1992 (50 of 52), but raccoons (procyon lotor) became the most common rabies-positive species upon arrival of raccoon strain rabies virus (38.2%, 2,728 of 7,138 tested), followed by striped skunks (mephitis ...	2009	19395747
predicting atrial fibrillation.		2009	19410714
partner notification after std and hiv exposures and infections: knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of massachusetts men who have sex with men.	we assessed boston-area men who have sex with men (msm) in terms of their knowledge of partner notification (pn)/partner counseling and referral services (pcrs) and intentions to use such services if exposed to/infected with a sexually transmitted disease (std) or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the future.	2009	19413033
genome-wide analysis of survival in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.	lung cancer, of which 85% is non-small-cell (nsclc), is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the united states. we used genome-wide analysis of tumor tissue to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in tumors are prognostic factors in early-stage nsclc.	2009	19414679
insulin-like growth factor levels in cord blood, birth weight and breast cancer risk.	breast cancer incidence and birth weight are higher among caucasian than asian women, and birth size has been positively associated with breast cancer risk. pregnancy hormone levels, however, have been generally lower in caucasian than asian women. we studied components of the insulin-like growth factor (igf) system in cord blood from 92 singleton babies born in boston, usa, and 110 born in shanghai, china, in 1994-1995. cord blood igf-1 was significantly higher among caucasian compared with chi ...	2009	19417744
salt marsh sediment bacteria: their distribution and response to external nutrient inputs.	a primary focus among microbial ecologists in recent years has been to understand controls on the distribution of microorganisms in various habitats. much less attention has been paid to the way that environmental disturbance interacts with processes that regulate bacterial community composition. we determined how human disturbance affected the distribution and community structure of salt marsh sediment bacteria by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16s rrna in five different habit ...	2009	19421233
sexual mixing patterns and partner characteristics of black msm in massachusetts at increased risk for hiv infection and transmission.	black men who have sex with men (msm) are at increased risk for hiv infection in the united states compared to other msm. the aim of this study was to investigate black msm's sexual mixing patterns and partner characteristics in relation to sexual risk taking, as a possible explanation for this observed increase in hiv incidence. between january and july 2008, 197 black msm were recruited via modified respondent-driven sampling and completed optional pretest and post-test hiv serological testing ...	2009	19466554
ergonomic and socioeconomic risk factors for hospital workers' compensation injury claims.	hospital workers are a diverse population with high rates of musculoskeletal disorders (msds). the risk of msd leading to workers' compensation (wc) claims is likely to show a gradient by socioeconomic status (ses) that may be partly explained by working conditions.	2009	19479820
impact of tabletop exercises on participants' knowledge of and confidence in legal authorities for infectious disease emergencies.	legal preparedness is a critical component of comprehensive public health preparedness for public health emergencies. the scope of this study was to assess the usefulness of combining didactic sessions with a tabletop exercise as educational tools in legal preparedness, to assess the impact of the exercise on the participants' level of confidence about the legal preparedness of a public health system, and to identify legal issue areas in need of further improvement.	2009	19491605
colostrum iodine and perchlorate concentrations in boston-area women: a cross-sectional study.	to measure levels of colostrum iodine, which has not been previously measured, and perchlorate and cotinine (a surrogate for thiocyanate derived from cigarette smoke) in women up to 60 h postpartum. perchlorate and thiocyanate are environmental inhibitors of iodide transport into the thyroid and lactating breast.	2009	18616704
prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water and the risk of congenital anomalies: a retrospective cohort study.	prior animal and human studies of prenatal exposure to solvents including tetrachloroethylene (pce) have shown increases in the risk of certain congenital anomalies among exposed offspring.	2009	19778411
cleft palate in pfeiffer syndrome.	the frequency of associated cleft palate is known to be high in some fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (fgfr2)-mediated craniosynostosis syndromes, such as apert syndrome. however, there is little information on the frequency of palatal clefts in the fgfr2-mediated disorder, that is, pfeiffer syndrome. the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of palatal clefts in patients with pfeiffer syndrome. the records of patients with pfeiffer syndrome managed in our craniofacial unit wer ...	2009	19816260
the frequency of palatal anomalies in saethre-chotzen syndrome.	saethre-chotzen syndrome (scs) is an autosomal dominant disorder with widespread phenotypic variability. cardinal features include coronal synostosis, blepharoptosis, and limb abnormalities. cleft palate can also occur, but there are few reports on its frequency. this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of palatal anomalies in this population.	2009	19642760
[sixty years ago, cell cultures finally permitted the poliomyelitis virus to multiply easily].	in 1949, three american virologists, john f. enders, thomas h. weller and frederick c. robbins, from the harvard medical scholl and working at the children's medical centre, boston, mass., have provoked a true revolution in virology. here, they have succeeded in readily multiplying the three poliomyelitis viruses in vitro, in non-nervous cells cultures. a few years afterwards (1954), they were collectively honoured by the nobel prize of physiology and medicine. this discovery not only has quickl ...	2009	20503638
integrating research training into residency: tools of human investigation.	although the need for new physician-clinical scientists has never been greater, significant obstacles deter young physicians from careers in clinical research. local and federal programs have sought to stimulate interest in clinical research among young physicians, medical students, and even undergraduates, but few formal programs have specifically focused on stimulating interest among residents in training. the recent implementation of strict duty hours regulations has provided residents with a ...	2009	19707076
be prepared. when a virus outbreak hits, hospital leaders must ready more beds, educate patients, and keep staff in the loop.	it is critical that hospitals and health systems can quickly activate plans to increase bed capacity and stage screening areas in the event of a disease outbreak. another piece of a hospital's emergency plan should include posting information on the homepage for patients. some organizations have implemented tracking and bed management systems to provide clinicians with better visibility on what space is available for triage. communication with staff is crucial during an emergency. whether it is ...	2009	19722324
insulin resistance and risk of incident hypertension among men.	j clin hypertens (greenwich). 2009;11:483-490. (c) 2009 wiley periodicals, inc.the independent association between insulin resistance and the development of hypertension remains in doubt because insulin resistance correlates with other metabolic factors also proposed to be associated with hypertension. the authors examined the association between the insulin sensitivity index and incident hypertension in a prospective nested case-control study among 1453 men (mean age, 61 years) who participated ...	2009	19751460
outbreak of adenovirus type 4 infection in a long-term care facility for the elderly.	an outbreak of acute respiratory disease due to human adenovirus and a resulting increase in mortality occurred in a long-term care facility for the elderly. by use of viral culture and polymerase chain reaction, not a rapid antigen test, the virus was detected. human adenovirus infection can occur in elderly individuals, but detection by rapid antigen testing may be limited.	2010	20509762
cystic fibrosis newborn screening: using experience to optimize the screening algorithm.	newborn screening (nbs) for cystic fibrosis (cf) offers the opportunity for early diagnosis and improved outcomes in patients with cf and has been universally available in the state of massachusetts since 1999 using an immunoreactive trypsinogen (irt)-dna algorithm. ideally, cf nbs is incorporated as part of an integrated nbs system that allows for comprehensive and coordinated education, laboratory screening, clinical follow-up, and evaluation so that evidence-based data can be used to maximize ...	2010	20521170
plasma cystatin c and acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass.	little is known about the performance of plasma cystatin c (cysc) in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb) and its utility in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (aki). in this post hoc analysis, the goal was to determine whether plasma cystatin c, measured 2 hours after the conclusion of cpb, is a reliable marker of aki.	2010	20522534
a qualitative study of the meaning of fatherhood among young urban fathers.	to explore the beliefs, attitudes, and needs young men have regarding their role as a father.	2010	20525094
changes in glycemic control from 1996 to 2006 among adults with type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal cohort study.	our objectives were to examine temporal changes in hba1c and lipid levels over a 10-year period and to identify predictors of metabolic control in a longitudinal patient cohort.	2010	20534158
diversity of francisella species in environmental samples from martha's vineyard, massachusetts.	we determined whether francisella spp. are present in water, sediment, and soil from an active tularemia natural focus on martha's vineyard, massachusetts, during a multiyear outbreak of pneumonic tularemia. environmental samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting francisella species 16s rrna gene and succinate dehydrogenase a (sdha) sequences; evidence of the agent of tularemia was sought by amplification of francisella tularensis-specific sequences for the insertion eleme ...	2010	19669828
a genome scan in affected sib-pairs with familial vesicoureteral reflux identifies a locus on chromosome 5.	the basis for vesicoureteral reflux (vur) is considered to be primarily genetic, with a 30-50% incidence of vur in first-degree relatives of patients. the search for the causative gene or genes has been elusive, likely because of vur being genetically heterogeneous with complex inheritance patterns. in this study, a genome-wide analysis of vur with high-density single nucleotide polymorphisms was conducted with the aim of identifying susceptibility loci for vur in 98 families with two or more af ...	2010	19690587
the effects of abcg5/g8 polymorphisms on hdl-cholesterol concentrations depend on abca1 genetic variants in the boston puerto rican health study.	atp-binding cassette transporters g5/g8 (abcg5/g8) are associated with hdl-c concentrations. to assess whether the effect of abcg5/g8 genetic variants on hdl-c concentrations is dependent on atp-binding cassette transporters a1 (abca1), we studied potential interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at abcg5/g8 (i7892t > c, 5u145a > c, t54ca > g, t400kc > a) and abca1 (i27943g > a, i48168g > a, k219rg > a, i125970g > c, 3u8995a > g) genes with hdl-c concentrations.	2010	19692220
self-supervised artmap.	computational models of learning typically train on labeled input patterns (supervised learning), unlabeled input patterns (unsupervised learning), or a combination of the two (semi-supervised learning). in each case input patterns have a fixed number of features throughout training and testing. human and machine learning contexts present additional opportunities for expanding incomplete knowledge from formal training, via self-directed learning that incorporates features not previously experien ...	2010	19699053
food availability differentially influences young males' and females' cognitive processes in accordance with sexual selection theory.	sexual selection theory predicts that additional resources will have a greater impact on males' compared with females' reproductive success. consequently, we expected that strong cues signalling increased resource availability should augment cognitive functioning associated with long-term maximization of reproductive outcomes (inhibition, working memory) in human males. in human females, who can rely on assistance in resource-rich environments, we expected the opposite effect. we tested this pre ...	2010	19828494
the american red cross and local response to the 1918 influenza pandemic: a four-city case study.	the role of the american red cross in the u.s. response to the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic holds important lessons for current-day pandemic response. this article, which examines local arc responses in boston, pittsburgh, st. louis, and richmond, virginia, demonstrates how the arc coordinated nursing for military and civilian cases; produced and procured medical supplies and food; transported patients, health workers, and bodies; and aided influenza victims' families. but the organization's eff ...	2010	20568571
the relationship between diabetes mellitus and exfoliation syndrome in a united states veterans affairs population: a case-control study.	earlier studies suggest that an inverse relationship exists between diabetes mellitus and exfoliation syndrome (es). we evaluated the relationship between diabetes mellitus and es while controlling for important covariates. in addition, we investigated whether glucose control, as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin (hba1c) levels, differed between the subset of diabetic patients with and without es.	2010	20577098
operation everest ii.	in october 1985, 25 years ago, 8 subjects and 27 investigators met at the united states army research institute for environmental medicine (usariem) altitude chambers in natick, massachusetts, to study human responses to a simulated 40-day ascent of mt. everest, termed operation everest ii (oe ii). led by charlie houston, john sutton, and allen cymerman, these investigators conducted a large number of investigations across several organ systems as the subjects were gradually decompressed over 40 ...	2010	20586595
storefront cigarette advertising differs by community demographic profile.	tobacco manufacturers have targeted youth and ethnic/racial minorities with tailored advertising. less is known about how characteristics of storefront tobacco advertisements, such as location, position, size, and content, are used to appeal to demographic subgroups.	2010	20594091
cognitive and behavioral characterization of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome.	to describe cognitive and behavioral features of patients with chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, a recently identified and common genetic cause of neurodevelopmental disability, especially autism spectrum disorder (asd).	2010	20613623
prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke and benign breast disease.	experimental studies have indicated that cigarette smoke contains potential human breast toxins and that the toxic influence during the prenatal period is greater than that of later life.	2010	20631621
institutional review board challenges related to community-based participatory research on human exposure to environmental toxins: a case study.	we report on the challenges of obtaining institutional review board (irb) coverage for a community-based participatory research (cbpr) environmental justice project, which involved reporting biomonitoring and household exposure results to participants, and included lay participation in research.	2010	20637068
the apoa1/c3/a4/a5 cluster and markers of allostatic load in the boston puerto rican health study.	background and aims: the apoa1/c3/a4/a5 cluster encodes key regulators of plasma lipids. interactions between dietary factors and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the cluster have been reported. allostatic load, or physiological dysregulation in response to stress, has been implicated in shaping health disparities in ethnic groups. we aimed to determine the association between polymorphisms in the apoa1/c3/a4/a5 cluster with allostatic load parameters, alone, and in interaction with die ...	2010	20674306
cost-effectiveness of using social networks to identify undiagnosed hiv infection among minority populations.	in 2003, the centers for disease control and prevention launched the advancing hiv prevention project to implement new strategies for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections outside medical settings and prevent new infections by working with hiv-infected persons and their partners.	2010	20689396
expression of stem-cell markers (cytokeratin 15 and nestin) in primary adnexal neoplasms-clues to etiopathogenesis.	the overlap in histopathologic features and immunoprofile of eccrine and apocrine neoplasms confounds basic issues relating to lineage of these entities.	2010	20700038
infant sex predicts breast milk energy content.	during human evolutionary history, and for many around the world, breast milk is the primary source of nutritional energy for infants. variation in breast milk quality might logically have important effects on infant health, growth, and development, yet the sources of this variation remain largely unelucidated. we quantified nutrient and energy content of breast milk from 25 healthy, well-nourished massachusetts mothers with infants aged 2-5 months. we examined several potential sources of varia ...	2010	19533619
sources of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted disease information and responses to prevention messages among massachusetts men who have sex with men.	sexually transmitted disease (std) rates have continued to increase among men who have sex with men (msm). the present study used qualitative methods to assess sources of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/std information and responses to hiv/std prevention messages among msm. this was done to understand how to design more effective media campaigns on hiv/std prevention and testing for this population.	2010	20073382
mapping and measuring disparities in welfare for cats across neighborhoods in a large us city.	to determine whether disparities in health and welfare among cats are present within neighborhoods and across census tracts in a large us city, and to compare results with area-level human data.	2010	20113223
beyond the information given: infants' transfer of actions learned through imitation.	five experiments were conducted to investigate infants' ability to transfer actions learned via imitation to new objects and to examine what components of the original context are critical to such transfer. infants of 15 months observed an experimenter perform an action with one or two toys and then were offered a novel toy that was not demonstrated for them. in all experiments, infants performed target actions with the novel toy more frequently than infants who were offered the same toy but had ...	2010	20116804
sexually transmitted disease (std) diagnoses and mental health disparities among women who have sex with women screened at an urban community health center, boston, ma, 2007.	a growing body of research documents mental health disparities among women who have sex with women (wsw) compared with women who have sex with men only (wsm). however, there remains a dearth of research exploring these indicators alongside sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and wsw sexual health.	2010	20118673
predicting virologic failure in an hiv clinic.	we sought to use data captured in the electronic health record (ehr) to develop and validate a prediction rule for virologic failure among patients being treated for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv).	2010	20121574
accuracy assessment of pharmacogenetically predictive warfarin dosing algorithms in patients of an academic medical center anticoagulation clinic.	the objectives of this retrospective cohort study are to evaluate the accuracy of pharmacogenetic warfarin dosing algorithms in predicting therapeutic dose and to determine if this degree of accuracy warrants the routine use of genotyping to prospectively dose patients newly started on warfarin. seventy-one patients of an outpatient anticoagulation clinic at an academic medical center who were age 18 years or older on a stable, therapeutic warfarin dose with international normalized ratio (inr) ...	2010	20204461
black carbon exposures, blood pressure, and interactions with single nucleotide polymorphisms in microrna processing genes.	black carbon (bc) is a marker of traffic pollution that has been associated with blood pressure (bp), but findings have been inconsistent. micrornas (mirnas) are emerging as key regulators of gene expression, but whether polymorphisms in genes involved in processing of mirnas to maturity influence susceptibility to bc has not been elucidated.	2010	20211803
mortality trends of stranded marine mammals on cape cod and southeastern massachusetts, usa, 2000 to 2006.	to understand the cause of death of 405 marine mammals stranded on cape cod and southeastern massachusetts between 2000 and 2006, a system for coding final diagnosis was developed and categorized as (1) disease, (2) human interaction, (3) mass-stranded with no significant findings, (4) single-stranded with no significant findings, (5) rock and/or sand ingestion, (6) predatory attack, (7) failure to thrive or dependent calf or pup, or (8) other. the cause of death for 91 animals could not be dete ...	2010	20225675
genetic heritage and native identity of the seaconke wampanoag tribe of massachusetts.	the name "wampanoag" means "eastern people" or "people of the first light" in the local dialect of the algonquian language. once extensively populating the coastal lands and neighboring islands of the eastern united states, the wampanoag people now consist of two federally recognized tribes, the aquinnah and mashpee, the state-recognized seaconke wampanoag tribe, and a number of bands and clans in present-day southern massachusetts. because of repeated epidemics and conflicts with english coloni ...	2010	20229500
genetic variants and risk of lung cancer in never smokers: a genome-wide association study.	lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked tobacco products is an increasing medical and public-health issue. we aimed to unravel the genetic basis of lung cancer in never smokers.	2010	20304703
mat1a variants are associated with hypertension, stroke, and markers of dna damage and are modulated by plasma vitamin b-6 and folate.	the s-adenosylmethionine synthetase type 1 (mat1a) gene encodes a key enzyme in one-carbon nutrient metabolism.	2010	20335551
frequent occurrence of conserved extended haplotypes (cehs) in two caucasian populations.	conserved extended haplotypes (cehs) are large (>or=1mb) regions of identical dna of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) region of chromosome 6p in unrelated individuals. they are recognized by family studies and constitute nearly half of mhc haplotypes among european caucasians. we studied 49 hungarian caucasian families in comparison with the previous findings in 2675 normal american caucasian chromosomes from families in the boston area. besides hla-a, -b and hla-drb1/-dqb1 alleles, co ...	2010	20409590
consent for genetic research in the framingham heart study.	extensive efforts have been aimed at understanding the genetic underpinnings of complex diseases that affect humans. numerous genome-wide association studies have assessed the association of genes with human disease, including the framingham heart study (fhs), which genotyped 550,000 snps in 9,000 participants. the success of such efforts requires high rates of consent by participants, which is dependent on ethical oversight, communications, and trust between research participants and investigat ...	2010	20425830
relationship between glycemic control and diabetes-related hospital costs in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.	diabetes mellitus requires continuous medical care and patient self-management in order to prevent short-term complications and decrease the risk of long-term complications, which can result in substantial increases in the total economic burden of the disease. findings from randomized clinical trials have shown that improved glycemic control may reduce the risk of long-term complications as long as a target for hemoglobin a1c is not set below 7% for intensive glycemic control. however, limited d ...	2010	20433217
palliative care and african american women living with hiv.	it is challenging to develop and assess skills in a classroom setting, for graduate students particularly, in the area of quality improvement project plans that are real, relevant, and sensitive in a unique health care context. although understanding significant issues related to palliative care needs of u.s. citizens through the interpretation of those who publish in this area is extremely helpful to students, it does not allow for an experience uniquely situated in realities faced by those liv ...	2010	20438028
heart-type fatty acid binding protein is an independent predictor of death and ventricular dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.	heart-type fatty acid binding protein (hfabp) functions as a myocardial fatty acid transporter and is released into the circulation early after myocardial injury. we hypothesized that hfabp is superior to conventional cardiac biomarkers for predicting early perioperative myocardial injury after coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) surgery.	2010	20457766
development of a retrospective job exposure matrix for pcb-exposed workers in capacitor manufacturing.	polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are considered probable human carcinogens by the international agency for research on cancer and one congener, pcb126, has been rated as a known human carcinogen. a period-specific job exposure matrix (jem) was developed for former pcb-exposed capacitor manufacturing workers (n=12,605) (1938-1977).	2010	20467200
treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ among patients cared for in large integrated health plans.	to examine whether use of adjuvant therapy varies by race/ethnicity among patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (dcis) at 3 integrated health plan delivery sites based in california and massachusetts.	2010	20469955
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. case 15-2010. an 85-year-old woman with mammographically detected early breast cancer.		2010	20484399
federal and state public health authority and mandatory vaccination: is jacobson v massachusetts still valid?	novel h1n1 influenza virus infected more than 43,000 people, killed 353 and spread to more than 122 countries within a few months. the world health organization declared a stage 6 worldwide pandemic. healthcare workers and hospitals prepared for the worst. federal and state regulations provided the legal framework to allow for the preparation and planning for a pandemic. one state had mandated both seasonal and novel h1n1 vaccination of all healthcare workers in an effort to reduce transmission ...	2010	20496643
apolipoprotein a5 and lipoprotein lipase interact to modulate anthropometric measures in hispanics of caribbean origin.	apolipoprotein a5 (apoa5) and lipoprotein lipase (lpl) proteins interact functionally to regulate lipid metabolism, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) for each gene have also been associated independently with obesity risk. evaluating gene combinations may be more effective than single snp analyses in identifying genetic risk, but insufficient minor allele frequency (maf) often limits evaluations of potential epistatic relationships. populations with multiple ancestral admixtures may pro ...	2010	19629056
factors associated with rabid animals since the introduction of raccoon rabies variant in massachusetts, 1992-2007.	rabies virus has been identified in 26 animal species since the introduction of the raccoon rabies variant (rrv) into the commonwealth of massachusetts in 1992. this study used data from 47,162 testable specimens, including 4538 (9.62%) rabid animals, to produce a multi-categorical logistic regression model to identify factors associated with a positive rabies laboratory test. the model was adjusted by the animal type and animal species, using the least tested and the least found rabid animal sp ...	2010	19589059
evidence of antibiotic resistance in free-swimming, top-level marine predatory fishes.	antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a growing problem in both human and veterinary medicine. several studies documented the presence of resistant bacteria in humans, livestock, and domestic animals; however, limited research is available on the presence of antibiotic drug resistance in wildlife species. a cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of resistant bacteria collected from wild-caught, marine predatory fishes. seven species of sharks and a single teleost species w ...	2010	20722248
national, state, and local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years --- united states, 2009.	the advisory committee for immunization practices (acip) recommends that adolescents routinely receive the following vaccines: meningococcal conjugate (menacwy, 1 dose); tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (tdap, 1 dose); and (for females) human papillomavirus (hpv, 3 doses). adolescents also should receive the following recommended vaccinations they missed during childhood: measles, mumps, rubella (mmr, 2 doses); hepatitis b (hepb, 3 doses); and varicella (var, 2 doses). since 2006, cdc ha ...	2010	20724968
effect of patient age on outcomes and compliance in women with minimally abnormal pap tests.	to assess follow-up and histologic outcomes by age for an indigent urban cohort of women with minimally abnormal cytology.	2010	20795351
the relationship between inflammatory activation and clinical outcome after infant cardiopulmonary bypass.	cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb) induces a systemic inflammatory response. the magnitude and consequences in infants remain unclear. we assessed the relationship between inflammatory state and clinical outcomes in infants undergoing cpb.	2010	20829561
xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus prevalence in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome or chronic immunomodulatory conditions.	we investigated the prevalence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (xmrv) among 293 participants seen at academic hospitals in boston, massachusetts. participants were recruited from the following 5 groups of patients: chronic fatigue syndrome (n = 32), human immunodeficiency virus infection (n = 43), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 97), hematopoietic stem-cell or solid organ transplant (n = 26), or a general cohort of patients presenting for medical care (n = 95). xmrv dna was not detec ...	2010	20936980
maternal and cord blood hormone levels in the united states and china and the intrauterine origin of breast cancer.	breast cancer is less common in china than in the united states and perinatal characteristics predict breast cancer risk in the offspring. we determined levels of pregnancy hormones in boston and shanghai to identify those possibly involved in the intrauterine origin of breast cancer. participants and methods: we compared maternal and cord blood levels of estradiol, estriol, testosterone, progesterone, prolactin, insulin-like growth factors (igf) 1 and 2, insulin-like growth factor-binding prote ...	2010	20943596
chagas disease risk in texas.	chagas disease, caused by trypanosoma cruzi, remains a serious public health concern in many areas of latin america, including méxico. it is also endemic in texas with an autochthonous canine cycle, abundant vectors (triatoma species) in many counties, and established domestic and peridomestic cycles which make competent reservoirs available throughout the state. yet, chagas disease is not reportable in texas, blood donor screening is not mandatory, and the serological profiles of human and cani ...	2010	20957148
use of geospatial neighborhood control locations for epidemiological analysis of community-level pet adoption patterns.	to explore the joint effect of distance and neighborhood-level demographics on pet adoptions from an animal shelter by means of client segmentation, geospatial tools, and epidemiological techniques.	2010	21034323
parents' opinions of mandatory human papillomavirus vaccination: does ethnicity matter?	to explore parents' opinions of school-entry requirements for human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination.	2010	21051001
journal of a young man of massachusetts.	this is a shortened account of the bitter experiences of american prisoners of the british during the war of 1812-14 as seen through the eyes of a young new englander who kept a diary of events in various prisons on both sides of the atlantic. resentment against the delay in release from captivity at dartmoor prison boiled over in april 1815 and an attempt at mass escape resulted in many casualties. these were admirably dealt with by surgeon george magrath (1775-1857) who had been flag medical o ...	2010	21079251