Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| swine flu claims first european death, as cases worldwide rise to 36,000. | 2009 | 19531555 | |
| pandemic. | 2009 | 19534567 | |
| public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey. | to assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in england, scotland, and wales. | 2009 | 19574308 |
| bayesian inference for within-herd prevalence of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo using bulk milk antibody testing. | leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis throughout the world and human mortality from severe disease forms is high even when optimal treatment is provided. leptospirosis is also one of the most common causes of reproductive losses in cattle worldwide and is associated with significant economic costs to the dairy farming industry. herds are tested for exposure to the causal organism either through serum testing of individual animals or through testing bulk milk samples. using serum results ... | 2009 | 19628639 |
| on how scotland is using teamwork to tackle swine flu. | 2009 | 19637535 | |
| the fto gene is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile and myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a genetics of diabetes audit and research study in tayside scotland (go-darts) study. | common variation in the fat mass and obesity (fto)-related gene is associated with increased body fat and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. we hypothesized that this would also associate with metabolic phenotypes of insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. | 2009 | 20031593 |
| temporal and spatial patterns of bovine escherichia coli o157 prevalence and comparison of temporal changes in the patterns of phage types associated with bovine shedding and human e. coli o157 cases in scotland between 1998-2000 and 2002-2004. | escherichia coli o157 is an important cause of acute diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis and, especially in children, haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus). incidence rates for human e. coli o157 infection in scotland are higher than most other united kingdom, european and north american countries. cattle are considered the main reservoir for e. coli o157. significant associations between livestock related exposures and human infection have been identified in a number of studies. | 2009 | 20040112 |
| genetic determinants of hair and eye colours in the scottish and danish populations. | eye and hair colour is highly variable in the european population, and is largely genetically determined. both linkage and association studies have previously been used to identify candidate genes underlying this variation. many of the genes found were previously known as underlying mutant mouse phenotypes or human genetic disease, but others, previously unsuspected as pigmentation genes, have also been discovered. | 2009 | 20042077 |
| association of kibra and memory. | we report on the association of kibra with memory in two samples of older individuals assessed on either memory for semantically unrelated word stimuli (rey auditory verbal learning test, n=2091), or a measure of semantically related material (the wais logical memory test of prose-passage recall, n=542). snp rs17070145 was associated with delayed recall of semantically unrelated items, but not with immediate recall for these stimuli, nor with either immediate or delayed recall for semantically r ... | 2009 | 19397951 |
| what motivated dr david livingstone (1813-73) in his work in africa? | born of humble beginnings in a scottish mill-town, david livingstone would become one of the great explorers of the 19th century, traversing 30,000 miles of unknown africa. his pioneering spirit and inquisitive mind brought knowledge and discoveries in the fields of tropical medicine, linguistics, botany, zoology, anthropology and geology. while it can be argued that livingstone exhibited contradictions and shortcomings as a man, he nonetheless grasped the imagination of victorian britain and he ... | 2009 | 19401513 |
| presence of beta human papillomaviruses in nonmelanoma skin cancer from organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent patients in the west of scotland. | nonmelanoma skin cancer (nmsc) has been linked to cutaneous human papillomaviruses of the genus beta (betapv). | 2009 | 19416244 |
| no association between cholinergic muscarinic receptor 2 (chrm2) genetic variation and cognitive abilities in three independent samples. | cognitive ability has a substantial genetic component and more than 15 candidate genes have been identified over the past 8 years. one gene that has been associated with general cognitive ability is the cholinergic muscarinic 2 receptor (chrm2). in an attempt to replicate this finding we typed marker rs8191992 (the originally reported chrm2 snp) in two population based cohorts-one scottish aged over 50 years (n = 2,091) and the other english comprising non-demented elderly participants (n = 758) ... | 2009 | 19418213 |
| pandemic phase level 4: human cases of the novel influenza a/h1n1 strain confirmed in scotland and spain. | 2009 | 19422771 | |
| epidemiology of new influenza a(h1n1) in the united kingdom, april-may 2009. | following importations of cases from mexico and the united states, by 11 may, united kingdom surveillance activities had detected a total of 65 individuals with confirmed infections caused by the new influenza a(h1n1) virus. the infections were mainly in young people and younger adults and they spread within households and within schools. the illness in the united kingdom is similar in severity to seasonal influenza and to date, besides one case of bacterial pneumonia, no clinically serious case ... | 2009 | 19442403 |
| multidrug-resistant genotype (abcb1) and seizure recurrence in newly treated epilepsy: data from international pharmacogenetic cohorts. | the association between a specific polymorphism (3435c>t) in the abcb1 gene, coding for the membrane drug transporter p-glycoprotein (pgp), and pharmacoresistance to seizure control is controversial. studies have been limited by multiple drug use, chronic cohorts with varying definitions, and retrospective clinical data. herein we examine the relationship of this polymorphism with seizure recurrence in three independent international cohorts of patients newly treated for epilepsy. | 2009 | 19453704 |
| cluster of new influenza a(h1n1) cases in travellers returning from scotland to greece - community transmission within the european union? | on 26 and 27 may, the hellenic centre for disease control and prevention in greece reported two confirmed cases of new influenza a(h1n1) virus infection in travellers returning from scotland. the two cases had no apparent traceable links to an infectious source. herein we report details of the two cases and potential public health implications. | 2009 | 19480814 |
| adherence in patients transferred from immediate release metformin to a sustained release formulation: a population-based study. | metformin is the most commonly prescribed oral agent used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. it is effective at reducing glycosylated haemoglobin (hba1c) and decreasing microvascular and macrovascular disease. however, up to 25% of patients develop gastrointestinal side effects leading to cessation in 5-10% of users. metformin xl (glucophage sr) is a once a day preparation that delays absorption, leading to decreased peak metformin concentrations. we hypothesised that the xl preparation of met ... | 2009 | 19267712 |
| campylobacter genotypes from food animals, environmental sources and clinical disease in scotland 2005/6. | a nationwide multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) survey was implemented to analyze patterns of host association among campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from clinical disease in scotland (july 2005-september 2006), food animals (chickens, cattle, sheep, pigs and turkey), non-food animals (wild birds) and the environment. sequence types (sts) were determined for 5247 clinical isolates and 999 from potential disease sources (augmented with 2420 published sts). certain sts were ove ... | 2009 | 19269051 |
| e. coli o157 from sheep in northeast scotland: prevalence, concentration shed, and molecular characterization by multilocus variable tandem repeat analysis. | we report the prevalence, concentrations, and strain diversity of escherichia coli o157 shed by sheep fed on root crops during a winter period in northeast scotland. e. coli o157 was isolated on 6 farms from 14 studied during january to march 2005. the individual sheep prevalence was 5.8% and concentration excreted was <10(2) colony-forming units/g for all but one fecal sample. verocytotoxigenic e. coli o157, determined by polymerase chain reaction and verocell assay, was recovered from 27% of s ... | 2009 | 19292688 |
| investigation of an outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar newport infection. | a large outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype newport infection occurred in northern ireland during september and october 2004. typing of isolates from patients confirmed that this strain was indistinguishable from that in concurrent outbreaks in regions of england, in scotland and in the isle of man. a total of 130 cases were distributed unequally across local government district areas in northern ireland. the epidemic curve suggested a continued exposure over about 4 weeks. a matched case-c ... | 2009 | 19296871 |
| prevalence and distribution of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus within the environment and staff of a university veterinary clinic. | to characterise the distribution of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus within the environment of a university small animal hospital and compare this with the distribution among staff. | 2009 | 19320810 |
| influenza but not pneumococcal vaccination protects against all-cause mortality in patients with copd. | influenza and pneumococcal vaccination are recommended in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). a recent study from tayside found a reduced risk of all-cause mortality with vaccination in patients with copd. the health improvement network (thin) database was used to test this hypothesis in a different data source. | 2009 | 19321465 |
| surgical research in the uk. | this review focuses on the history of, and recent developments in, the law and ethics of research with practical advice for surgeons conducting clinical research. legal references apply to england and wales or to scotland, but the underlying ethical principles reflect modern approaches taken internationally. | 2009 | 19335967 |
| an association study of the neuregulin 1 gene, bipolar affective disorder and psychosis. | as evidence of partial aetiological overlap between bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia is accumulating, it is important to determine whether genes implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia play a role in bipolar disorder, and vice versa. as the neuregulin 1 (nrg1) gene has been associated with schizophrenia, we set out to investigate whether it is also associated with bipolar affective disorder, using a sample from scotland, uk. | 2009 | 19339916 |
| identification of human-derived volatile chemicals that interfere with attraction of the scottish biting midge and their potential use as repellents. | the scottish biting midge, culicoides impunctatus (diptera: ceratopogonidae), is a major pest in scotland, causing a significant impact to the scottish tourist and forestry industries. c. impunctatus is a generalist feeder, preferring to feed on large mammals, and is notorious for its attacks on humans. until now, there was anecdotal evidence for differential attraction of female host-seeking c. impunctatus to individual human hosts, and the mechanism for this phenomenon was unknown. using extra ... | 2009 | 19351071 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of scottish highland red deer (cervus elaphus) populations: a mitochondrial survey. | the largest population of red deer (cervus elaphus) in europe is found in scotland. however, human impacts through hunting and introduction of foreign deer stock have disturbed the population's genetics to an unknown extent. in this study, we analysed mitochondrial control region sequences of 625 individuals to assess signatures of human and natural historical influence on the genetic diversity and population structure of red deer in the scottish highlands. genetic diversity was high with 74 hap ... | 2009 | 19002206 |
| campylobacter immunity and coinfection following a large outbreak in a farming community. | an outbreak of campylobacteriosis affected approximately one-half of 165 people attending an annual farmers' dance in montrose, scotland, in november 2005. epidemiological investigations, including a cohort study (n = 164), identified chicken liver paté as the most likely vehicle of infection. paté preparation involved deliberate undercooking of chicken livers by flash-frying, followed by mechanical homogenization. typing of 32 campylobacter strains (isolated from submitted stools) by multilocus ... | 2009 | 19005146 |
| accumulation of elements (s, as, br, sr, cd, hg, pb) in two populations of cancer pagurus: ecological implications to human consumption. | the brown crab cancer pagurus is highly appreciated in southern european countries and edible tissues are consumed separately or as mixtures. this species is mostly harvested along the scottish coast and english channel and has different market prices depending on the catching area and sex. the aim of this study was to quantify and characterize the contents of s, as, br, sr, cd, hg and pb in muscle, hepatopancreas, gonads and gills of female and male crabs from both catching areas. additionally, ... | 2009 | 19010376 |
| a population-based record linkage study of mortality in hepatitis c-diagnosed persons with or without hiv coinfection in scotland. | infection with the hepatitis c virus (hcv) is known to increase the risk of death from severe liver disease and, because hcv status is strongly associated with a history of injecting drug use, the effect of a key disease progression cofactor, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), is of interest. we examined all-cause, liver-related and drug-related mortality and excess risk of death from these causes in a large cohort of hcv-monoinfected and hiv-coinfected persons in scotland. the s ... | 2009 | 19036907 |
| strategies for improving human health in contaminated situations: a review of past, present and possible future approaches. | strategies for improving human health in contaminated situations have traditionally been based on restricting emissions, remedial reduction of exposure and, where appropriate and possible, medical reconnaissance of efficacy. we review these and the broader aspects of general public health approaches, including necessary understanding of epidemiology and the wider social context, before considering a specific local case study involving health issues associated with chromium-contaminated land and ... | 2009 | 18958399 |
| cercarial dermatitis in the uk. | 'swimmer's itch' or cercarial dermatitis (cd) results from an immunological reaction to free-swimming non-human schistosome parasites released from aquatic snails. affected bathers develop a self-limiting, pruritic, macular or papular eruption shortly after leaving the water. the condition is well-recognized in continental europe, asia and america, but has not to date been recorded in the uk. | 2009 | 18699837 |
| the medical collections at the university of glasgow. | the medical and other collections in the university of glasgow have at their core the generous bequest of dr william hunter (1718 - 1783), a local man who rose to become an internationally renowned anatomist and obstetrician. the university does not have a medical museum as such but an anatomy museum, a zoology museum, a pathology collection, medical displays in the main halls of the hunterian museum in the gilbert scott building and a rich collection of antiquarian medical books and archives as ... | 2009 | 20481359 |
| audit of microalbumin excretion in children with type i diabetes. | objective: to investigate prevalence, persistence and clinical correlates of increased microalbumin excretion in random urine samples collected in a paediatric diabetes clinic. method: random urine samples were collected annually in patients >10 years attending the diabetes clinic in the royal hospital for sick children, edinburgh. albumin excretion is expressed as albumin:creatinine ratio (acr) and classified as normal (10mg/mmol), or macroalbuminuria (>47 mg/mmol in females, >35 mg/mmol in mal ... | 2009 | 21274398 |
| a rare de novo nonsense mutation in otx2 causes early onset retinal dystrophy and pituitary dysfunction. | to describe the clinical findings of a patient with an early onset retinal dystrophy and a novel mutation in otx2, and to compare these findings with previously reported cases. | 2009 | 19956411 |
| therapeutic cloning: the ethical road to regulation. part i: arguments for and against & regulations. | 2009 | 19957499 | |
| sharps injuries among medical students. | medical students may be at risk of sharps injuries for several reasons. these exposures can transmit a range of blood-borne pathogens including hepatitis b, hepatitis c and human immunodeficiency virus. | 2009 | 19690079 |
| spatiotemporal homogeneity of campylobacter subtypes from cattle and sheep across northeastern and southwestern scotland. | source attribution using molecular subtypes has implicated cattle and sheep as sources of human campylobacter infection. whether the campylobacter subtypes associated with cattle and sheep vary spatiotemporally remains poorly known, especially at national levels. here we describe spatiotemporal patterns of prevalence, bacterial enumeration, and subtype composition in campylobacter isolates from cattle and sheep feces from northeastern (63 farms, 414 samples) and southwestern (71 farms, 449 sampl ... | 2009 | 19700557 |
| 'swine flu' hits scotland. | 2009 | 19764693 | |
| prevalence of campylobacter spp. in raw retail poultry on sale in northern ireland. | a year-long survey of fresh, retail poultry products on sale in northern ireland was undertaken to define the prevalence of campylobacter spp. by using protocols based on iso (standard) 10272-1:2006. incubation at 37 and 42 degrees c was undertaken to increase the diversity of isolates obtained. overall, 652 isolates were identified as campylobacter spp. by using pcr and amplified fragment length polymorphic typing. phenotyping wrongly identified 21% of isolates. prevalences of campylobacter fou ... | 2009 | 19777882 |
| genetics without borders. | 2009 | 19812627 | |
| incidence, molecular epidemiology and clinical presentations of human metapneumovirus; assessment of its importance as a diagnostic screening target. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered human paramyxovirus associated with a spectrum of respiratory symptoms from the common cold to pneumonia and bronchiolitis. | 2009 | 19819755 |
| enduring emotions: james l. halliday and the invention of the psychosocial. | emotions maintain an ambivalent position in the economy of science. in contemporary debates they are variously seen as hardwired biological responses, cultural artifacts, or uneasy mixtures of the two. at the same time, there is a tension between the approaches to emotion developed in modern psychotherapies and in the history of science. while historians see the successful ascription of affective states to individuals and populations as a social and technical achievement, the psychodynamic pract ... | 2009 | 20380350 |
| risk of carcase contamination with campylobacter in sheep sent for slaughter into an abattoir in scotland. | campylobacter species have been identified as the major cause of acute bacterial enteritis in the uk. however, the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis remains poorly understood. it has been suggested that the role of sheep in the epidemiology of campylobacter has been underestimated. the objective of the present study was to assess the infection risk of campylobacter in sheep meat as a potential risk for human campylobacteriosis and to establish any possible associations between the epidemiologic ... | 2010 | 20381181 |
| objective and subjective evaluation of a redesigned corridor environment in a psychiatric hospital. | this study examined the impact of redesigning a corridor space within a psychiatric hospital on the behaviour of patients with dementia. in addition, patient and staff perceptions of the redesigned corridor were assessed. data were collected through an observational tool (behavioural mapping) and a specifically design questionnaire. the findings suggest a positive impact of the redesigned corridor on patient behaviour and that patients and staff perceived the change to the environment differenti ... | 2010 | 20394476 |
| the emergence of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 virus amongst hospitalised immunocompromised patients in scotland, november-december, 2009. | to investigate the frequency of oseltamivir resistance in circulating strains of the 2009 influenza a(h1n1) pandemic virus in scotland, 1,802 samples from 1,608 infected hospitalised patients were screened by the h275y discriminatory rt-pcr. among these, we identified 10 patients who developed the h275y mutation. all of them were immunocompromised and were under treatment or had been treated previously with oseltamivir. | 2010 | 20394718 |
| legal implications of tissue. | this paper reviews the legal rules that govern the way surgeons deal with human tissues during the course of diagnosing and treating their patients. the topic is dominated by the human tissue act 2004, which was enacted in september 2006; thus, the article applies specifically only to england, wales and northern ireland, since scotland has separate legislation (human tissue (scotland) act 2006). although the human tissue act 2004 was built largely upon a plethora of legal principles that were de ... | 2010 | 20412669 |
| occurrence of haemagglutinin mutation d222g in pandemic influenza a(h1n1) infected patients in the west of scotland, united kingdom, 2009-10. | 2010 | 20429998 | |
| first cases of pandemic h1n1/09 influenza in scottish pigs. | 2010 | 20435978 | |
| predictive clinicopathological features derived from systematic autopsy examination of patients who died with a/h1n1 influenza infection in the uk 2009-10 pandemic. | from april 2009 to january 2010, the pandemic of a/h1n1 influenza affected the uk. there were > 30,000 infections and 457 deaths (all ages). reports from other countries had indicated that certain comorbidities were associated with a higher risk of death from h1n1 infection, and there was a need to identify these factors in the uk population as knowledge of them could lead to improved treatment in the current epidemic and reduced mortality in future epidemics. | 2010 | 21208548 |
| immature defense mechanisms are associated with lesser vaginal orgasm consistency and greater alcohol consumption before sex. | disturbances of emotional and physical awareness can impair female sexual function. previous research revealed that immature psychological defense mechanisms (impairing emotional awareness) are associated specifically with impaired vaginal orgasm (orgasm triggered solely by penile-vaginal stimulation). alcohol consumed before sex (acbs) might impair vaginal orgasm or lead to avoiding the opportunity for it, but research examining immature defenses, acbs, and specific sexual behaviors has been la ... | 2010 | 19889144 |
| hospitalised adult patients with suspected 2009 h1n1 infection at regional infectious diseases units in scotland--most had alternative final diagnoses. | 2010 | 19896500 | |
| economic evaluation of diagnosing and excluding ectopic pregnancy. | the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in women presenting in early pregnancy is often protracted, relying on costly investigations that are psychologically burdensome to the patient. the aim of this study was to evaluate the financial costs to the health services in scotland of the current methods used to diagnose and exclude ectopic pregnancy, and compare these with that of a theoretical single diagnostic serum biomarker. | 2010 | 19933287 |
| loss-of-function cyp2c9 variants improve therapeutic response to sulfonylureas in type 2 diabetes: a go-darts study. | sulfonylureas are metabolized mainly by the cytochrome p450 2c9 (cyp2c9) enzyme. two cyp2c9 variants--*2 (arg144cys) and *3 (ile359leu)--are associated with reduced enzyme activity and impaired substrate metabolism. we identified 1,073 incident users of sulfonylureas in tayside, scotland, and assessed the impact of the combined cyp2c9*2 and cyp2c9*3 genotypes on early and sustained sulfonylurea response. we found that patients with two copies of a loss-of-function allele were 3.4 times (p = 0.00 ... | 2010 | 19794412 |
| association between raised inflammatory markers and cognitive decline in elderly people with type 2 diabetes: the edinburgh type 2 diabetes study. | to determine whether circulating levels of the inflammatory markers c-reactive protein (crp), interleukin (il)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha are associated with cognitive ability and estimated lifetime cognitive decline in an elderly population with type 2 diabetes. | 2010 | 19959761 |
| get vaccinated to reduce the impact of flu this winter. | 2010 | 21261164 | |
| novel subtype c human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelopes cloned directly from plasma: coreceptor usage and neutralization phenotypes. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is classified into different phylogenetic subtypes, with subtype c representing more than half of the novel infections globally. however, there are relatively few subtype c envelopes available for study. we amplified 18 unique env genes from 13 patients who were infected with subtype c hiv-1 in six african countries and in scotland to create replication-competent viruses. these envelopes are phylogenetically diverse across the subtype c spectrum, and h ... | 2010 | 20484560 |
| to bite or not to bite! a questionnaire-based survey assessing why some people are bitten more than others by midges. | the scottish biting midge, culicoides impunctatus, responsible for more than 90% of biting attacks on human beings in scotland, is known to demonstrate a preference for certain human hosts over others. | 2010 | 20500852 |
| transatlantic issues: report from scotland. | 2010 | 20507678 | |
| on inferring presence of an individual in a mixture: a bayesian approach. | homer and others (2008. resolving individuals contributing trace amounts of dna to highly complex mixtures using high-density snp genotyping microarrays. plos genetics 4, e1000167) recently showed that, given allele frequency data for a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms in a sample together with corresponding population "reference" frequencies, by typing an individual's dna sample at the same set of loci it can be inferred whether or not the individual was a member of the sample. t ... | 2010 | 20522729 |
| association between polymorphisms of the dopamine receptor d2 and catechol-o-methyl transferase genes and cognitive function. | the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system of the brain is involved in working memory and other cognitive functions. studies suggest an important role for dopamine synthesis and uptake in modulation of human cognitive processes. we studied the association between polymorphisms in the catechol-o-methyl transferase (comt) and dopamine receptor d2 (drd2) genes and general cognitive ability in a secondary analysis of 2091 men and women, aged 55-80 years living in scotland. general cognitive ability 'g ... | 2010 | 20567893 |
| population structure and genome-wide patterns of variation in ireland and britain. | located off the northwestern coast of the european mainland, britain and ireland were among the last regions of europe to be colonized by modern humans after the last glacial maximum. further, the geographical location of britain, and in particular of ireland, is such that the impact of historical migration has been minimal. genetic diversity studies applying the y chromosome and mitochondrial systems have indicated reduced diversity and an increased population structure across britain and irela ... | 2010 | 20571510 |
| variation in epidermal morphology in human skin at different body sites as measured by reflectance confocal microscopy. | two methods of estimating stratum corneum thickness using reflectance confocal microscopy were examined, and epidermal thickness measurements at multiple body sites were compared. measurements of stratum corneum thickness were made using the derivative method, which is based on the rate of change of image intensity as a proxy for keratin concentration, and simple visual analysis of confocal images. to compare epidermal thickness we collected 1491 z-axis stacks of confocal images from 10 body sit ... | 2010 | 20574601 |
| 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) virus in scotland: geographically variable immunity in spring 2010, following the winter outbreak. | we determined the age- and location-specific seroprevalence of antibodies against 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) virus in scotland following the first two waves of infection. serum samples collected following the winter outbreak were analysed by microneutralisation assay. the proportion of positive sera varied significantly between cities and, in the case of inverness, between age groups (with younger adults more likely to be positive than older individuals). this study demonstrates that older ... | 2010 | 20576237 |
| hpv vaccination: vaccine acceptance, side effects and screening intentions. | as part of an evaluation of the introductory campaign of human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccine in a scottish health board, self-administered questionnaires were offered to all 5007 eligible girls in school following the third dose of hpv to identify side-effects, reasons for non-vaccination and future cervical screening intentions, and 2775 (56.2%) replied. in all, 630 (23.5%) of vaccinated girls reported side effects to the vaccination, about half of which were common injection-site reactions. ma ... | 2010 | 20586376 |
| putative household outbreaks of campylobacteriosis typically comprise single mlst genotypes. | during a 15-month period in scotland a small but important number of human campylobacter cases (3·2%) arose from 91 putative household outbreaks. of the 26 outbreaks with known strain composition, 89% were composed of the same mlst which supports the potential use of mlst in public health epidemiology. the number of cases associated with household outbreaks is much larger than general outbreaks and there is some evidence to indicate that there may be secondary transmission, although this is rela ... | 2010 | 20587120 |
| today's research: tomorrow's therapies. | 2010 | 20624121 | |
| vaccine effectiveness in pandemic influenza - primary care reporting (viper): an observational study to assess the effectiveness of the pandemic influenza a (h1n1)v vaccine. | to determine influenza a (h1n1)v vaccine effectiveness (ve) in the scottish population at an early stage of the 2009-10 h1n1v vaccination programme, using a sentinel surveillance network of 41 general practices contributing to the practice team information (pti) network. | 2010 | 20630126 |
| geographic determinants of reported human campylobacter infections in scotland. | campylobacteriosis is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in most developed countries. people are exposed to infection from contaminated food and environmental sources. however, the translation of these exposures into infection in the human population remains incompletely understood. this relationship is further complicated by differences in the presentation of cases, their investigation, identification, and reporting; thus, the actual differences in risk must be considered alongside ... | 2010 | 20633277 |
| the influence of tall man lettering on drug name confusion: a laboratory-based investigation in the uk using younger and older adults and healthcare practitioners. | medication errors commonly involve confusion between drugs with similar names. one possible method of reducing error is to emphasize differences between the names using 'tall man' (uppercase) letters (e.g. ceftazidime vs cefuroxime). previous studies investigating this issue have been conducted mainly on university students, and results have been mixed. | 2010 | 20635826 |
| dispensing patterns and financial costs of glucose-lowering therapies in the uk from 2000 to 2008. | a variety of influences determine prescribing behaviour. the purpose of this study was to characterize the pattern of dispensing for glucose-lowering and monitoring in the uk from 2000 to 2008, inclusively. | 2010 | 20636954 |
| identification of cryptosporidium species and genotypes in scottish raw and drinking waters during a one-year monitoring period. | we analyzed 1,042 cryptosporidium oocyst-positive slides (456 from raw waters and 586 from drinking waters) of which 55.7% contained 1 or 2 oocysts, to determine species/genotypes present in scottish waters. two nested pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) assays targeting different loci (1 and 2) of the hypervariable region of the 18s rrna gene were used for species identification, and 62.4% of samples were amplified with at least one of the pcr assays. more samples (577 slides; 4 ... | 2010 | 20639357 |
| dr. alexander garden, a linnaean in colonial america, and the saga of five "electric eels". | alexander garden (1730-1791) was born in scotland, where he trained in medicine before settling in south carolina in 1752. with a passion for collecting and a love of nature, he sent specimens to linnaeus and his associates in europe. in 1774, garden observed and conducted electrical experiments on some "eels" that had survived the trip from surinam to charleston. his detailed observations and reasons for believing they emit electricity were read before the royal society of london and subsequent ... | 2010 | 20639607 |
| cattle, weather and water: mapping escherichia coli o157:h7 infections in humans in england and scotland. | entero-haemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 is a zoonotic pathogen, responsible for a relatively small number of food poisoning and illness outbreaks each year, when compared with other food-borne bacteria capable of causing infections in the population. nevertheless, e. coli o157:h7 is a bacterial pathogen associated with severe human illnesses including bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uremic syndrome occurring in both outbreak and sporadic settings. in england and wales approximately 1% of al ... | 2010 | 20642796 |
| knowledge and attitudes to reporting adverse drug reactions. | the reporting of adverse drug reactions (adrs) by health professionals forms an important component of ongoing surveillance of post-marketing drug safety. the extension of responsibility for all health professionals to report adrs has coincided with national immunization programmes, such as the national childhood immunization, human papillomavirus (hpv), and seasonal and h1n1 influenza programmes. the study objective was to evaluate knowledge of, and attitudes to, reporting adrs among the profes ... | 2010 | 20647982 |
| management of blood and body fluid exposures in police service staff. | police service staff are at risk of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids with the consequent risk of blood-borne virus (bbv) infection. | 2010 | 20682741 |
| more than health: the added value of health services in remote scotland and australia. | health services are suggested to contribute to remote communities in the ways that extend beyond healthcare delivery. this international multiple case-study research provides qualitative evidence of the social, economic and human contributions (the 'added-value') that may be lost should remote communities lose in-situ health provision. we present a typology of added-value contributions that differentiates institutional aspects (residing in buildings, or embodied in the specific status, capabilit ... | 2010 | 20688555 |
| the attitude of scottish citizens to xenotransplantation in the south east of spain: an emerging population subgroup. | it is important to discover whether xenotransplantation would be accepted in society. in populations where there are preclinical projects there is the possibility of xenotransplantation to humans. in the south east of spain in recent years there has been a significant social change, due to the migratory influx, which is making it necessary to reconsider the level of acceptance of xenotransplantation. the objective of this study was to analyze the attitudes of and to determine relevant variables ... | 2010 | 20692424 |
| major incidents in rural areas: managing a pandemic a/h1n1/2009 cluster. | pandemic influenza (a/h1n1/2009) caused worldwide concern because of its potential to spread rapidly in human populations. in scotland, government policy had been to seek to contain the spread of the virus for as long as possible in order to allow time for service preparations, and for vaccine development and supply. | 2010 | 20701414 |
| extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a scottish intensive care unit. | i reflected on the training i had on an extraordinary treatment for profound respiratory failure. the result of training enabled us to successfully treat a young female with the influenza a virus with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo). i report the positive outcome that occurred, while continuing to run a busy general intensive care unit (icu). she was the first of six patients who were all successfully treated with ecmo. ten trained and experienced critical care nurses and two doctors ... | 2010 | 20712672 |
| "none must meddle betueene man and wife": assessing family and the fluidity of public and private in early modern scotland. | the physical and ideological boundaries between public and private in early modern scotland were constantly contested, resulting in a shifting reality of what was public and private. this fluidity has been recognized by historians, but how, when, and why the shifting took place is not as clear. the moral church courts (kirk sessions) of reformation scotland allow a unique opportunity to begin to understand the largely elusive boundaries between public and private in the early modern era. | 2010 | 20715315 |
| multi-locus sequence typing of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from wild birds in northern england suggests host-adapted strain. | recent studies have suggested that salmonella typhimurium strains associated with mortality in uk garden birds are significantly different from strains that cause disease in humans and livestock and that wild bird strains may be host adapted. however, without further genomic characterization of these strains, it is not possible to determine whether they are host adapted. the aim of this study was to characterize a representative sample of salm. typhimurium strains detected in wild garden birds u ... | 2010 | 20809923 |
| an outbreak of h1n1 influenza in a respiratory unit. | 2010 | 20813738 | |
| perioperative platelet and monocyte activation in patients with critical limb ischemia. | patients with critical limb ischemia (cli) have a high rate of adverse cardiovascular events, particularly when undergoing surgery. we sought to determine the effect of surgery and vascular disease on platelet and monocyte activation in vivo in patients with cli. | 2010 | 20816321 |
| the views of policy influencers and mental health officers concerning the named person provisions of the mental health (care and treatment) (scotland) act 2003. | the mental health (care and treatment) (scotland) act 2003 introduced the role of the named person, who can be nominated by service users to protect their interests if they become subject to compulsory measures and replaces the nearest relative. if no nomination is made, the primary carer or nearest relative is appointed the named person. the views of professionals involved in the development and implementation of the provisions were unknown. | 2010 | 20836692 |
| the tcf7l2 diabetes risk variant is associated with hba₁(c) levels: a genome-wide association meta-analysis. | genome-wide association (gwa) studies have identified around 20 common genetic variants influencing the risk of type 2 diabetes (t2d). likewise, a number of variants have been associated with diabetes-related quantitative glycaemic traits, but to date the overlap between these genes and variants has been low. the majority of genetic studies have focused on fasting plasma glucose levels; however, this measure is highly variable. we have conducted a gwa meta-analysis of glycated haemoglobin (hba₁( ... | 2010 | 20849430 |
| identification of high risk disc1 protein structural variants in patients with bipolar spectrum disorder. | in a large scottish pedigree, a balanced translocation t (1;11)(q42.1;q14.3) disrupting the disc1 and disc2 genes segregates with major mental illness, including schizophrenia and depression. a frame-shift carboxyl-terminal deletion was reported in disc1 in an american family with schizophrenia, but subsequently found in two controls. herein, we test one hypothesis utilizing a large scale case-control mutation analysis: uncommon disc1 variants are associated with high risk for bipolar spectrum d ... | 2010 | 20850505 |
| measurement methods and accuracy in copy number variation: failure to replicate associations of beta-defensin copy number with crohn's disease. | the copy number variation in beta-defensin genes on human chromosome 8 has been proposed to underlie susceptibility to inflammatory disorders, but presents considerable challenges for accurate typing on the scale required for adequately powered case-control studies. in this work, we have used accurate methods of copy number typing based on the paralogue ratio test (prt) to assess beta-defensin copy number in more than 1500 uk dna samples including more than 1000 cases of crohn's disease. a subse ... | 2010 | 20858604 |
| new approaches to problem framing in environmental health: application to water. | the relationship between human health and water in its many forms illustrates rather well, the greatest contemporary challenge for decision makers in environmental health - how to develop coherent and effective policy in a climate of significant and increasing complexity. in the study of water and health we recognise the types of complexity that emerge for scientists and epidemiologists in assessing and communicating environmental health risk but also the difficulty for policy makers in interpre ... | 2010 | 20889174 |
| fcγ receptor iiib (cd16b) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | an excess of neutrophils in the alveoli and lung interstitium has been described in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf). engagement of neutrophil fcγ receptors with igg complexes may contribute to the pathogenesis of ipf. the neutrophil fcγriiib receptor occurs in two codominantly expressed allelic variants, na1 and na2, which exhibit different binding affinities for igg1 and igg3 subclasses. the aim of this study was to investigate whether fcγriiib genotype is associated with ipf susceptibility ... | 2010 | 20924590 |
| epidemiology of salmonellosis in garden birds in england and wales, 1993 to 2003. | salmonellosis has been reported as an important cause of mortality of garden birds in several countries, including norway and scotland. we investigated the frequency of the disease in garden birds submitted for postmortem examination by members of the public in england and wales between 1993 and 2003, inclusive. we found salmonellosis to be the most frequent cause of death due to infectious disease in the garden birds submitted. this disease was confirmed in 7 of the 45 bird species that were ex ... | 2010 | 20945078 |
| determination of the bioaccessibility of chromium in glasgow soil and the implications for human health risk assessment. | the unified bioaccessibility method (ubm), which simulates the fluids of the human gastrointestinal tract, was used to assess the oral bioaccessibility of cr in 27 glasgow soils. these included several contaminated with cr(vi), the most toxic form of cr, from the past disposal of chromite ore processing residue (copr). the extraction was employed in conjunction with the subsequent determination of the bioaccessible cr by icp-oes and cr(vi) by the diphenylcarbazide complexation colorimetric proce ... | 2010 | 21035835 |
| the centennial of man's redemption of man. | 2010 | 21079249 | |
| rapid detection of pandemic influenza in the presence of seasonal influenza. | key to the control of pandemic influenza are surveillance systems that raise alarms rapidly and sensitively. in addition, they must minimise false alarms during a normal influenza season. we develop a method that uses historical syndromic influenza data from the existing surveillance system 'servis' (scottish enhanced respiratory virus infection surveillance) for influenza-like illness (ili) in scotland. | 2010 | 21106071 |
| cytoplasmic mrna: move it, use it or lose it! | once an mrna is synthesized and processed, the immediate translation and later destruction of the transcript is not as inevitable as the central molecular biology dogma suggests. interest in the field of post-transcriptional control continues to grow rapidly, as regulation of these multiple steps in gene expression is implicated in diverse aspects of biology such as metabolism, neurology, reproduction and viral lifecycle regulation. researchers who utilize various combinations of human studies, ... | 2010 | 21118114 |
| suitability of an automated nucleic acid extractor (easymag) for use with hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleic acid amplification testing. | serological screening assays have greatly reduced, but not eliminated, the risk of transmission of viral infections by transfusion of blood and blood products. in addition, the 1999 regulation of the european agency for the evaluation of medicinal products requiring all plasma for fractionation to have tested negative for hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna (cpmp/bwp/390/97, 1998) led many blood transfusion services to introduce nucleic acid amplification technology (nat) to screen blood donations for h ... | 2010 | 21126541 |
| human and fishing vessel losses in sea accidents in the uk fishing industry from 1948 to 2008. | objective. to investigate long-term trends in mortality rates for accidents to fishing vessels in the uk fishing industry from 1948 to 2008; to investigate the circumstances and causes of these fishing vessel accidents and trends in fishing vessel losses. material and methods. examination of paper death inquiry files, death registers, marine accident investigative files, annual casualty and death returns. results. of 1039 fatalities from accidents to uk fishing vessels from 1948 to 2008, most (6 ... | 2010 | 21154301 |
| redrawing the map of great britain from a network of human interactions. | do regional boundaries defined by governments respect the more natural ways that people interact across space? this paper proposes a novel, fine-grained approach to regional delineation, based on analyzing networks of billions of individual human transactions. given a geographical area and some measure of the strength of links between its inhabitants, we show how to partition the area into smaller, non-overlapping regions while minimizing the disruption to each person's links. we tested our meth ... | 2010 | 21170390 |
| evolution of an agriculture-associated disease causing campylobacter coli clade: evidence from national surveillance data in scotland. | the common zoonotic pathogen campylobacter coli is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide but its evolution is incompletely understood. using multilocus sequence type (mlst) data of 7 housekeeping genes from a national survey of campylobacter in scotland (2005/6), and a combined population genetic-phylogenetics approach, we investigated the evolutionary history of c. coli. genealogical reconstruction of isolates from clinical infection, farm animals and the environment, reveal ... | 2010 | 21179537 |
| a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in the pericentriolar material 1 gene is strongly associated with schizophrenia. | markers at the pericentriolar material 1 gene (pcm1) have shown genetic association with schizophrenia in both a university college london (ucl) and a usa-based case-control sample. in this paper we report a statistically significant replication of the pcm1 association in a large scottish case-control sample from aberdeen. resequencing of the genomic dna from research volunteers who had inherited haplotypes associated with schizophrenia showed a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in exon ... | 2010 | 19048012 |
| association of existing and new candidate genes for anxiety, depression and personality traits in older people. | genetic variants that have previously been associated with personality traits and/or psychological distress, or inflammatory marker levels were investigated for their relationship to self-rated personality traits, anxiety, and depression in two elderly scottish cohorts. ten genes (29 snps) were investigated in the lothian birth cohort 1936 (approximately 70 years, n = 1,091). four of these genes and seven others (35 snps) were tested in the lothian birth cohort 1921 who were measured on the same ... | 2010 | 20052609 |