Publications

investigation of calf health and welfare on dairy farms in south-west england.	a questionnaire was designed to investigate calf health and welfare on dairy farms in the south west of england with regard to the degree of compliance with the welfare of farmed animals (england) regulations 2000. the level of veterinary involvement in calf rearing and management on dairy farms in the south west of england was also assessed. the questionnaire was sent to 32 large animal practices in the catchment area of the veterinary laboratories agency--langford. compliance with the regulati ...	2004	15461363
fatty liver syndrome and displaced abomasum affect dairy cows in july.		2004	15478498
evaluation of the application of veterinary judgement in the pre-emptive cull of contiguous premises during the epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in cumbria in 2001.	this paper presents a detailed analysis of the application of contiguous culling in cumbria between may 1 and september 30, during the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in 2001. the analysis shows that the application of veterinary risk assessment and judgement identified and removed groups of susceptible stock which were at risk of direct transmission of infection and avoided infected animals being left that might have spread the disease. when compared with an automatic contiguous cull, fewer ...	2004	15493602
fmd and the contiguous cull.		2004	15508850
genetic diversity among pasteurella multocida strains of avian, bovine, ovine and porcine origin from england and wales by comparative sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene.	genetic diversity among 86 pasteurella multocida isolates was investigated by comparative sequence analysis of a 1468 bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene. the strains included 79 field isolates recovered from birds (poultry) (22), cattle (21), pigs (26) and sheep (10) within england and wales, four asian isolates associated with bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia, and the type strains of the three subspecies of p. multocida. dulcitol and sorbitol fermentation patterns were also determined to establish ...	2004	15583172
effect of trace element supplementation on the fertility of dairy herds.		2004	15651554
observations on bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection in cattle in the uk.		2005	15675530
prevalence and associations between bacterial isolates from dry mammary glands of dairy cows.	to assess the prevalence and patterns of bacterial isolates, cultures were made from the dry mammary glands of dairy cows in six commercial dairy herds in the uk. milk samples were taken from all four quarters of 480 cows at drying off and at weekly intervals from 14 days before to seven days after calving. a major mastitis pathogen was isolated from at least one quarter of 220 (45.8 per cent) of the cows and from more than one quarter of 90 (18.8 per cent) of them. during the late dry to calvin ...	2005	15689035
persistence of escherichia coli o157 isolates on bovine farms in england and wales.	we performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis on escherichia coli o157 isolates (n = 318) from 199 healthy animals in a longitudinal study carried out on nine farms. investigation of the restriction types proved that at the farm level, the same clones can be detected on sampling occasions separated by as much as 17 months. the cohort animals were repeatedly sampled, and for some of these, the same clones were obtained on sampling occasions separated by as much as 8 months.	2005	15695700
control of bovine tb: preferences of farmers who have suffered a tb breakdown.		2005	15715006
bovine digital dermatitis and severe virulent ovine foot rot: a common spirochaetal pathogenesis.	a potential pathological role for spirochaetes in bovine digital dermatitis (bovine dd) and severe virulent ovine foot rot (svofr) has been considered and a treponeme isolate obtained from each disease in the uk. in this work, we have investigated the hypothesis that the two diseases may have a shared (common) spirochaetal aetiology. experiments were designed to identify serological similarities and differences between the two spirochaetes; an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was develo ...	2005	15727915
emotional and deliberative reactions to a public crisis: mad cow disease in france.	although most theories of choice are cognitive, recent research has emphasized the role of emotions. we used a novel context--the mad cow crisis in france--to investigate how emotions alter choice even when consequences are held constant. a field study showed that individuals reduced beef consumption in months after many newspaper articles featured the emotional label "mad cow," but beef consumption was unaffected after articles featured scientific labels for the same disease. the reverse patter ...	2005	15733207
the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in dumfries and galloway, 2001. 1: characteristics and control.	the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in dumfries and galloway in south-west scotland comprised 177 infected premises (ips) in 24 geographical clusters, and ran from march 1 until may 23, 2001. initial seeding of infection was by livestock (predominantly sheep) that had passed through longtown market in adjacent cumbria. thereafter, spread within existing, and to new, clusters was associated with the movement of personnel and vehicles, with further transmission by longtown market contacts and acro ...	2005	15751571
sporadic cryptosporidiosis decline after membrane filtration of public water supplies, england, 1996-2002.	the incidence of sporadic cryptosporidiosis among 106,000 residents of 2 local government districts in northwest england before and after installation of membrane filtration of public water supplies was compared to that of 59,700 residents whose public water supplies remained unchanged. a national outbreak of foot and mouth disease in livestock during 2001 was associated with a decline in sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in all regions of the united kingdom. in a poisson regression model, membra ...	2005	15752443
disease risks from foods, england and wales, 1996-2000.	data from population-based studies and national surveillance systems were collated and analyzed to estimate the impact of disease and risks associated with eating different foods in england and wales. from 1996 to 2000, an estimated 1,724,315 cases of indigenous foodborne disease per year resulted in 21,997 hospitalizations and 687 deaths. the greatest impact on the healthcare sector arose from foodborne campylobacter infection (160,788 primary care visits and 15,918 hospitalizations), while sal ...	2005	15757549
prevalence and genetic diversity of campylobacter spp. in environmental water samples from a 100-square-kilometer predominantly dairy farming area.	water samples were taken systematically from a 100-km2 area of mainly dairy farmland in northwestern england and examined for campylobacter spp. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pfge-rflp) and flaa strain typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates were done. data on the water source and the adjacent environment were recorded and examined as explanatory variables. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 40.5% (n = 119) of the water sampl ...	2005	15812015
mycoplasma bovis isolated from brain tissue of calves.		2005	15816191
area-level risks for bse in british cattle before and after the july 1988 meat and bone meal feed ban.	in this paper we investigate area-level risk factors for bse for the cattle population present in great britain between 1986 and 1997. by dividing this population into two birth cohorts, those born before the july 1988 ban on feeding ruminant-derived meat and bone meal to ruminants and those born after, second-order regional influences are distinguished from the strong first-order south-to-north gradient of area-level bse risk using bayesian hierarchical models that account for structured (spati ...	2005	15899301
cattle movements and bovine tuberculosis in great britain.	for 20 years, bovine tuberculosis (btb) has been spreading in great britain (england, wales and scotland) and is now endemic in the southwest and parts of central england and in southwest wales, and occurs sporadically elsewhere. although its transmission pathways remain poorly understood, the disease's distribution was previously modelled statistically by using environmental variables and measures of their seasonality. movements of infected animals have long been considered a critical factor in ...	2005	15917808
prevalence of fasciola hepatica in dairy herds in england and wales measured with an elisa applied to bulk-tank milk.	an elisa developed to diagnose fasciola hepatica infection in cattle by detecting serum antibodies was adapted and validated for use with samples of bulk-tank milk. the prevalence of the infection in 61 dairy herds was established by using serum antibody levels or faecal egg counts measured in a proportion of the cows in each herd. the correlation between the results of the elisa and the herd seroprevalence was 0.83. using a cut-off value of 27 per cent positive, the bulk-tank elisa identified h ...	2005	15937238
the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in the united kingdom: epidemiological and meteorological case studies.	the possibility of the airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in the uk has been investigated in three epidemiological case studies. on the basis of evidence from field investigations, and a simple meteorological analysis, it is concluded that the spread of disease was consistent with the airborne transport of virus. the distances ranged from less than 1 km to 16 km; six of the farms were over 6 km from the source and involved the passage of virus over the sea combine ...	2005	15965003
outbreak of candida rugosa mastitis in a dairy herd after intramammary antibiotic treatment.		2005	15965006
investigations of cattle herd breakdowns with bovine tuberculosis in four counties of england and wales using vetnet data.	cattle herd breakdown (hbr) with bovine tuberculosis (btb) was investigated for farms in four counties of england and wales outside southwest england from 1986 to early 2000. data from the national database of tb testing history (vetnet) were used. factors that influenced hbr included calendar time, herd size, number of cattle tested, the test type, the inter-test interval and spatial grouping of farms. herd tests other than routine herd tests had an increased risk of hbr in all four counties. i ...	2005	15979173
testing requirements for replacing the otm rule.		2005	16085719
surveillance of suspect animal toxicoses with potential food safety implications in england and wales between 1990 and 2002.	the potential chemical contamination incidents investigated by the veterinary laboratories agency (vla) between 1990 and 2002 are reviewed. incidents were identified in the course of the vla's surveillance of food animal disease and further investigations were carried out on behalf of the food standards agency in order to identify and control the contamination of food animals and animal products with chemical hazards. in total 876 incidents were investigated, of which 588 involved the poisoning ...	2005	16227381
change in the prevalence of thelazia species in bovine eyes in england.		2005	16258137
antioxidant activity of five vegetables traditionally consumed by south-asian migrants in bradford, yorkshire, uk.	five vegetables traditionally consumed among south-asian migrants in bradford (yorkshire, uk) were tested for their free radical scavenging activity (frsa) in the dpph (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical) screening assay (using extracts prepared both by cold maceration and also by boiling the plant in the solvent under reflux) and for their in vitro non-enzymatic inhibition of bovine brain lipid peroxidation. in both antioxidant assays a strong activity was shown by extracts derived from okra ...	2005	16261524
emergence of fasciolosis in cattle in east anglia.	liver fluke (fasciola hepatica) infection caused weight loss, diarrhoea, decreased milk yield and occasionally death in cattle in east anglia during the winters of 2001 to 2003. the condition had previously been limited mainly to stock imported into this part of britain from endemically infected areas. in composite faecal samples collected by 16 farm animal veterinary practices in norfolk, suffolk and essex, fluke eggs were found in 15 (28.8 per cent) of 52 previously unaffected suckler herds an ...	2005	16272544
spatial and temporal epidemiology of sporadic human cases of escherichia coli o157 in scotland, 1996-1999.	in scotland, between 1995 and 2000 there were between 4 and 10 cases of illness per 100000 population per year identified as being caused by escherichia coli o157, whereas in england and wales there were between 1 and 2 cases per 100000 population per year. within scotland there is significant regional variation. a cluster of high rate areas was identified in the northeast of scotland and a cluster of low rate areas in central-west scotland. temporal trends follow a seasonal pattern whilst spati ...	2005	16274499
validation of a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of campylobacter fetus.	a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was compared with the routine culture methodology for the detection of campylobacter fetus subspecies from bovine and ovine field samples inoculated into clark's transport enrichment medium (tem). the work was a collaboration between two different diagnostic laboratories, one in canada and the other in england. in both labs, tem samples were incubated for 4 days at 35 degrees c and then tested by culture ...	2005	16275938
fifth outbreak of disease associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 2.		2005	16284327
prevalence, incidence and geographical distribution of serovars of salmonella on dairy farms in england and wales.	a study of randomly selected dairy farms in england and wales was made between october 1999 and february 2001 to estimate the prevalence and incidence of salmonella serovars. the farms were enrolled through five milk-buying companies, which represented 63 per cent of the dairy farms in england and wales, and they were sampled on up to four occasions (449 farms at visit 1, 272 farms at visit 2, 251 farms at visit 3 and 243 farms at visit 4). in total, 19,296 samples of pooled faecal pats and slur ...	2005	16311384
herd-level risk factors associated with tuberculosis breakdowns among cattle herds in england before the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic.	a case-control study of the factors associated with the risk of a bovine tuberculosis (tb) breakdown in cattle herds was undertaken within the randomized badger culling trial (rbct). tb breakdowns occurring prior to the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in three rbct triplets were eligible to be cases; controls were selected from the same rbct area. data from 151 case farms and 117 control farms were analysed using logistic regression. the strongest factors associated with an increased tb ris ...	2005	17148126
risk factors associated with the salmonella status of dairy farms in england and wales.	between october 1999 and february 2001 the salmonella status of 449 dairy farms in england and wales was determined by environmental sampling on up to four occasions. data were collected through interview-based questionnaires, and multivariable analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with the farms either being salmonella positive (prevalence data) or becoming salmonella positive (incidence data). region, herd size, month of visit and the lack of a clean visitor parking area were ...	2006	17189598
bovine lymphotrophic herpesvirus in a uk dairy herd.		2006	16766731
cow-dung colonization and decomposition following insect exclusion.	the rate of dung-pat degradation in cattle pastures in south west england was examined between may and september 2002, using batches of standardized, 1.5 kg, artificially-formed cow pats. in pats in which insects were allowed free access, the rate of disappearance, measured as ash-free dry weight, was faster in spring than summer and the loss of organic matter ranged between 0.69 and 1.99% per day, equating to an estimated time for complete disappearance of 57-78 and 88-111 days in spring and su ...	2006	16768820
on distinguishing cause and consequence: do high somatic cell counts lead to lower milk yield or does high milk yield lead to lower somatic cell count?	researchers have reported that as milk yield increases composite milk somatic cell count (scc) is diluted in cattle with no intramammary infection (imi) and as a consequence, estimates of scc from high yields are lower than estimates of scc from low yields in dairy cows without an imi. to date, estimates of reduced milk yield associated with high scc because of intramammary infection have not been adjusted for any dilution of scc. ignoring dilution is therefore likely to lead to an overestimate ...	2006	16780974
outbreaks of postparturient haemoglobinuria in dairy herds.		2006	16829604
bacillary haemoglobinuria in dairy cows.		2006	16877686
wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) as potential carriers of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli.	in summer 2001, visitors to a wildlife park in norfolk, uk, became infected with verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157, which was associated with wild rabbit faeces. the rabbits lived in an adjacent field together with e coli o157-positive cattle. a pilot study was therefore performed to investigate the factors affecting the association between e coli o157-positive cattle and wild rabbits. samples of faeces were taken from 16 herds of cattle that lived close to populations of wild ...	2006	16891425
tb policy and the badger culling trials.		2006	16905743
introduction of bovine tuberculosis to north-east england by bought-in cattle.	the source of bovine tuberculosis was investigated in 31 herds in north-east england that experienced confirmed breakdowns between january 2002 and june 2004; nine of the herds had been restocked after the uk outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in 2001. in all but one of the breakdowns the most likely source of infection was identified as one or more purchased animals. in 17 of the breakdowns, reactor animals were traced to herds from which the same combination of spoligotype and variable number ...	2006	16946308
ocular complications of barren brome exposure in a suckler herd.		2006	16980525
modelling the initial spread of foot-and-mouth disease through animal movements.	livestock movements in great britain (gb) are well recorded and are a unique record of the network of connections among livestock-holding locations. these connections can be critical for disease spread, as in the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in the uk. here, the movement data are used to construct an individual-farm-based model of the initial spread of fmd in gb and determine the susceptibility of the gb livestock industry to future outbreaks under the current legislative requir ...	2006	17015320
tuberculosis in humans and animals: are we a threat to each other?		2006	17021307
survey of parasite control on beef farms in south-west england.		2006	17099179
herd health planning: farmers' perceptions in relation to lameness and mastitis.	between december 2002 and december 2003, the herd health planning activities on 61 dairy farms in the uk were compared with several measures of lameness and mastitis. lameness had been reported as a problem in 53 of the herds directly by the farm and in the other eight by the nominating local veterinary practice; 54 of the farms also reported having a mastitis problem. fifty-three (87 per cent) of the farms had some form of written herd health plan, of which 21 (40 per cent) had been in place fo ...	2006	17114380
comparison of different control strategies for foot-and-mouth disease: a study of the epidemics in canada in 1951/52, hampshire in 1967 and northumberland in 1966.	the measures used to control the epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease in canada in 1951/52 (29 outbreaks) were compared with those used in the epidemic in hampshire in 1967 (29 outbreaks). in both epidemics the disease spread more from premises where the disease was reported late and the imposition of quarantine or restrictions on infected premises was delayed. in hampshire, area restrictions were imposed, susceptible livestock on infected premises and on premises in direct contact were slaughter ...	2006	16400097
seasonal variation of bulk milk somatic cell counts in uk dairy herds: investigations of the summer rise.	individual cow somatic cell count (scc) patterns were explored over a one year period in 33 dairy herds to investigate the reason for a summer rise in bulk milk somatic cell counts (bmscc). cow test day somatic cell counts were categorised according to the magnitude of change since the previous test day reading, to examine which categories were responsible for the summer increase. multilevel models using markov chain monte carlo methods were specified to estimate the number of somatic cells/ml p ...	2006	16427149
first insights into the evolution of streptococcus uberis: a multilocus sequence typing scheme that enables investigation of its population biology.	intramammary infection with streptococcus uberis is a common cause of bovine mastitis throughout the world. several procedures to differentiate s. uberis isolates have been proposed. however, all are prone to interlaboratory variation, and none is suitable for the description of the population structure. we describe here the development of a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for s. uberis to help address these issues. the sequences of seven housekeeping gene fragments from each of 160 uni ...	2006	16461695
bovine tuberculosis in cats.		2006	16489166
new tuberculosis (england) order.		2006	16489168
new tuberculosis (england) order.		2006	16489169
bovine tuberculosis in cats.		2006	16501166
tb policy and the badger culling trials.		2006	16517828
serological prevalence of canine respiratory coronavirus.	canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov) has recently been detected in dogs; it is a group 2 coronavirus showing similarity to bovine coronavirus (bcov) but is distinct from canine enteric coronavirus (cecov). crcov may play an important role in canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) either by predisposing to further and potentially more serious viral and bacterial infections or possibly as a primary pathogen. the prevalence of serum antibodies to crcov, in a population of dogs in the south ...	2006	16551493
seasonal variations in the developmental competence of bovine oocytes matured in vitro.	ovaries were collected over a period of two years from heifers slaughtered at under 30 months of age and used to harvest 1757 oocytes. after in vitro maturation, fertilisation and culture, the proportions of oocytes and cleaved embryos that developed to blastocysts were significantly higher (p<0.01) in the autumn, from september to november, than in the spring, from march to may. in contrast, embryo development, as assessed by oocytes that developed to eight or more cells and blastocysts, was lo ...	2006	16603551
bovine tuberculosis in cats.		2006	16603556
tb policy and the badger culling trials.		2006	16617053
an investigation into the role of chlamydophila spp. in bovine upper respiratory tract disease.	an outbreak of upper respiratory tract disease was investigated in a group of 17 housed home-bred calves on a mixed dairy, beef and sheep farm in devon. conjunctival swabs were collected and tested for chlamydophila spp. dna using a pcr test that detects chlamydophila abortus and chlamydophila psittaci. six of the calves tested gave a positive result. further epidemiological observations and laboratory testing indicated that the adult dairy cows, from which the affected calves originated, were t ...	2006	16624729
premovement testing for bovine tb.		2006	16632537
outbreak of e. coli o157 infection in the south west of the uk: risks from streams crossing seaside beaches.	in august 2004 seven cases of escherichia coli o157 infection were identified in children on holiday in cornwall, southwest england, all of whom had stayed at different sites in the area. isolates from all seven cases were confirmed as e. coli serogroup o157 phage type 21/28. we carried out a case-control study among holidaymakers who visited the beach. a standardised questionnaire was administered by telephone to parents. they were asked where on the beach the children had played, whether they ...	2006	16645246
tb policy and the badger culling trials.		2006	16699140
no increase in human cases of mycobacterium bovis disease despite resurgence of infections in cattle in the united kingdom.	a resurgence of mycobacterium bovis infections in cattle in the united kingdom since the 1980s has raised concern about risks to human health. enhanced surveillance data for england, wales and northern ireland between 1993 and 2003 of culture-positive human m. bovis cases identified 315 m. bovis infections; the mean annual number of cases was 28 (range 12-41). the most frequently reported exposures were consumption of unpasteurized dairy products 41/83 (49%) and exposure to cattle 45/123 (37%). ...	2007	16740186
bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle.	in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ...	2007	16434219
the british royal commission on tuberculosis.		2007	17197674
mastitis and arthritis in two dairy herds caused by mycoplasma bovis.		2007	17259455
social organization and movement influence the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in an undisturbed high-density badger meles meles population.	1. the culling of european badgers meles meles has been a central part of attempts to control bovine tuberculosis (tb) in british cattle for many years. recent results, however, indicate that this approach could in practice enhance disease spread. 2. this paper looks at the relationship between tb incidence and badger ecology in a high-density population in south-west england, which has been the subject of a long-term intensive study. the principal aims were to relate the probability of tb incid ...	2007	17302842
survey of the incidence and aetiology of mastitis on dairy farms in england and wales.	a survey of clinical and subclinical mastitis was carried out on 97 dairy farms in england and wales, selected at random from members of a national milk recording scheme. the farmers were asked to collect aseptic milk samples from five consecutive cases of clinical mastitis and from five quarters with high somatic cell counts using a defined protocol, and they completed a questionnaire that included information on the cows sampled, the herd and the history of mastitis in the herd. the samples we ...	2007	17322356
national intervention study of mastitis control in dairy herds in england and wales.	an intervention study was carried out on 52 dairy farms in england and wales to determine whether the implementation of a well-specified mastitis control plan in herds with an incidence of clinical mastitis of more than 35 cases per 100 cows per year would reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis, and also reduce the incidence of increases in the somatic cell counts of individual cows. a clearly defined plan for the diagnosis and control of mastitis was developed by two veterinary specialists f ...	2007	17337605
retrospective study of noroviruses in samples of diarrhoea from cattle, using the veterinary laboratories agency's farmfile database.	a collaborative study was undertaken by the veterinary laboratories agency (vla) and the royal veterinary college (rvc) to determine the prevalence of bovine noroviruses in cattle with diarrhoea. samples of bovine diarrhoea were provided by the vla from routine diagnostic submissions and a reverse transcription-pcr was used by the rvc to detect the viruses. epidemiological information about the samples was provided retrospectively by the farmfile database. noroviruses were detected in 44 (11 per ...	2007	17351173
analysis of the dermatophyte species isolated in the british isles between 1980 and 2005 and review of worldwide dermatophyte trends over the last three decades.	infections of the skin, hair and nails by dermatophyte fungi are common in developed and developing countries alike. however, the species involved and the resulting clinical entities vary both geographically and with time. we have surveyed 15,333 dermatophytes obtained from primary isolations at the mycology reference laboratory, bristol, uk from 1980 through 2005. several striking trends in dermatophyte prevalence were apparent over this period. the relative frequencies of isolations of microsp ...	2007	17365649
mycoplasma mastitis.		2007	17369483
hoofing it: george stubbs at the frick.		2007	17385252
ryegrass staggers diagnosed in an organic dairy herd.		2007	17385256
pox precursors.		2007	17387780
epidemiology of subclinical dairy cow nematode infections on five farms in england in 2002 and a comparison with results from 1978 to 1979.	a detailed study of the epidemiology of subclinical nematode infections in adult dairy cows was conducted on five well-managed english dairy farms during the 2002 grazing season. these same farms had also participated in a similar study in 1978-1979 and thus provided a unique opportunity to compare the epidemiological findings after an interval of over two decades. common factors, including the prevalence of infection, faecal worm egg output, pasture larval count and nematode genera present, and ...	2007	17403583
fmd 'unlikely' to be present outside surrey; risk of spread 'very low'.		2007	17824136
fmd in surrey: epidemiological investigations 'ongoing'.		2007	17966156
reduced incidence of retained fetal membranes in dairy herds supplemented with iodine, selenium and cobalt.		2007	17982142
outbreak of wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever in ankole cattle.	during an outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in a herd of ankole cattle in a zoological collection, two adult cows and one adult bull from a herd of 15 died or were euthanased between july and november 2004. the clinical, gross postmortem and histological findings were typical of the disease in uk native domestic cattle. the diagnosis was confirmed by serology in two animals, and by pcr in all three; the pcr provided evidence of alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1 infection in all three animals an ...	2007	18024925
biosecurity. reports blame animal health lab in foot-and-mouth whodunit.		2007	17872418
microbiological differences between cull cattle slaughtered at an abattoir and cull cattle slaughtered on farms.	tissue samples from 27 casualty adult dairy cattle slaughtered on farms and 32 'normal' cull dairy cattle were analysed microbiologically for total viable counts (tvc), enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli o157, salmonella enterica and campylobacter species. overall the counts of enterobacteriaceae and tvc were higher in the animals slaughtered on farms, particularly in the spleen. one 'normal' animal yielded e coli o157, and one yielded campylobacter jejuni, and eight of the cattle slaughtered ...	2007	18037694
attitudes to badger culling.		2007	17435105
withdrawal of routine brucellosis testing in beef herds.		2007	17449717
exploring the role of auction markets in cattle movements within great britain.	within great britain cattle are often traded at regional markets, of which there are approximately 200 located throughout england, scotland and wales. the movement of animals through markets was important in the spread of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus during the 2001 gb outbreak. here, we describe the movements of cattle to and from markets for 2002-2004 and, using social network analysis, we construct networks based on these movements. in 2002, 56,227 animal holdings (ah) sent cattle to 22 ...	2007	17482296
risk factors for hide contamination of scottish cattle at slaughter with escherichia coli o157.	in the slaughter processing of cattle, contaminated hides have been identified as one of the major sources of escherichia coli o157 carcase contamination. logistic regression analysis was applied to data collected in a large scale study in scotland involving 222 cattle forming 34 groups sent for slaughter from 30 farms to 10 slaughterhouses. aspects of individual animal characteristics, farm management practices and slaughterhouse features were examined to identify potential risk factors for hid ...	2007	17485125
gastrocnemius myopathy in yearling beef cattle.		2007	17496277
maintaining essential veterinary services.		2007	17496278
anthelmintic resistance in cattle.		2007	17496281
seroprevalence of bvdv in cattle of different ages on 17 dairy farms in western england.		2007	17526896
from 'public service' to artificial insemination: animal breeding science and reproductive research in early twentieth-century britain.	artificial insemination (ai) was the first conceptive technology to be widely used in agriculture. whereas at the beginning of the twentieth century all cows in england and wales were mated to bulls, by the end of the 1950s 60% conceived through artificial insemination. by then a national network of 'cattle breeding centres' brought ai within the reach of every farmer. in this paper i explore how artificial insemination, which had few supporters in the 1920s and 1930s, was transformed into an 'i ...	2007	17543839
the work of the animal research station, cambridge.	this paper traces the history of the animal research station, cambridge from its establishment in 1932 to its closure in 1986. the author worked there for forty years and was director from 1979. originally set up as a field station for cambridge university's school of agriculture, the station was expanded after world war ii as the agricultural research council's unit of animal reproduction. beginning with semen and artificial insemination, research at the station soon embraced superovulation and ...	2007	17543843
management factors associated with impaired locomotion in dairy cows in england and wales.	forty-nine farms in england and wales were visited on 4 occasions between february 2003 and march 2004. a total of 21,693 scores of locomotion were assigned to 7,722 cattle. locomotion was assessed on a 3-point scale by observing the posture of a cow's back while standing and walking (1 = sound, 2 = not sound, 3 = lame). data on measurable factors potentially associated with locomotion were collected from all farms using direct observations of the farm environment and a comprehensive farmer inte ...	2007	17582111
identification of management risk factors for vtec o157 in young-stock in england and wales.	we conducted a cross-sectional study on 255 cattle farms in england and wales to identify risk factors for verocytotoxin-producing e. coli o157 (vtec). exposure variables were collected at the levels of the farm and of the group of young-stock within the farms. on each farm a group of young-stock (6-18 months of age) was sampled to establish vtec status. in our multiple logistic regression, farm vtec status was associated with access to springs (or: 0.31, ci95%: 0.12, 0.78) and assessing the wet ...	2007	17582529
reduced conception rates associated with bovine mastitis during a 'window of opportunity'.		2007	17630420
tb controls.		2007	17630423
tb controls.		2007	17630424
cow, farm, and management factors during the dry period that determine the rate of clinical mastitis after calving.	the purpose of the research was to investigate cow characteristics, farm facilities, and herd management strategies during the dry period to examine their joint influence on the rate of clinical mastitis after calving. data were collected over a 2-yr period from 52 commercial dairy farms throughout england and wales. cows were separated for analysis into those housed for the dry period (8,710 cow-dry periods) and those at pasture (9,964 cow-dry periods). multilevel models were used within a baye ...	2007	17638988
herd health management and biosecurity.		2007	17660475