Publications

rice sheath rot: an emerging ubiquitous destructive disease complex.	around one century ago, a rice disease characterized mainly by rotting of sheaths was reported in taiwan. the causal agent was identified as acrocylindrium oryzae, later known as sarocladium oryzae. since then it has become clear that various other organisms can cause similar disease symptoms, including fusarium sp. and fluorescent pseudomonads. these organisms have in common that they produce a range of phytotoxins that induce necrosis in plants. the same agents also cause grain discoloration, ...	2015	26697031
biofortification of oilseed brassica juncea with the anti-cancer compound glucoraphanin by suppressing gsl-alk gene family.	glucosinolates are amino acids derived secondary metabolites, invariably present in brassicales, which have huge health and agricultural benefits. sulphoraphane, the breakdown product of glucosinolate glucoraphanin is known to posses anti-cancer properties. aop (2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases) or gsl-alk enzyme catalyzes the conversion of desirable glucoraphanin to deleterious gluconapin and progoitrin, which are present in very high amounts in most of the cultivable brassica species incl ...	2015	26657321
draft genome sequence of the commercial biocontrol strain pantoea agglomerans p10c.	we report here the draft genome sequence of the biocontrol strain pantoea agglomerans p10c, composed of a draft chromosome and two plasmids: the 559-kb large pantoea plasmid 1 (ppag3) and a 182-kb plasmid (ppag1). a genomic island containing pantocin a biosynthesis genes was identified.	2015	26659685
ectopic expression in arabidopsis thaliana of an nb-arc encoding putative disease resistance gene from wild chinese vitis pseudoreticulata enhances resistance to phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.	plant resistance proteins mediate pathogen recognition and activate innate immune responses to restrict pathogen proliferation. one common feature of these proteins is an nb-arc domain. in this study, we characterized a gene encoding a protein with an nb-arc domain from wild chinese grapevine vitis pseudoreticulata accession "baihe-35-1," which was identified in a transcriptome analysis of the leaves following inoculation with erysiphe necator (schw.), a causal agent of powdery mildew. transcrip ...	2015	26697041
microrna expression profile during aphid feeding in chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum morifolium).	micrornas (mirnas) are important regulators of gene expression, affecting many biological processes. as yet, their roles in the response of chrysanthemum to aphid feeding have not been explored. here, the identity and abundance of mirnas induced by aphid infestation have been obtained using high-throughput illumina sequencing platform. three leaf small rna libraries were generated, one from plants infested with the aphid macrosiphoniella sanbourni (library a), one from plants with mock puncture ...	2015	26650759
chitin nanofiber elucidates the elicitor activity of polymeric chitin in plants.	chitin, an n-acetyl-d-glucosamine polymer, is a component of fungal cell walls and a microbe/pathogen-associated molecular pattern that elicits plant defense responses. as polymeric chitin is difficult to handle due to its insolubility in water, many studies on chitin-induced immune responses have used water-soluble low-molecular weight chitin instead. thus, it is unclear if polymeric chitin can induce resistance. here, we examined the elicitor activity of chitin nanofiber (cnf) of submicron thi ...	2015	26697049
phylogeny of plant calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (ccamks) and functional analyses of tomato ccamk in disease resistance.	calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (ccamk) is a member of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase superfamily and is essential to microbe- plant symbiosis. to date, the distribution of ccamk gene in plants has not yet been completely understood, and its function in plant disease resistance remains unclear. in this study, we systemically identified the ccamk genes in genomes of 44 plant species in phytozome and analyzed the function of tomato ccamk (slccamk) in resistance to vari ...	2015	26697034
allyl isothiocyanate inhibits actin-dependent intracellular transport in arabidopsis thaliana.	volatile allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) derives from the biodegradation of the glucosinolate sinigrin and has been associated with growth inhibition in several plants, including the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. however, the underlying cellular mechanisms of this feature remain scarcely investigated in plants. in this study, we present evidence of an aitc-induced inhibition of actin-dependent intracellular transport in a. thaliana. a transgenic line of a. thaliana expressing yellow fluorescent ...	2015	26690132
the extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli factor rqli constrains the genotoxic effects of the recq-like helicase rqlh.	extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli colonize the human gut and can spread to other body sites to induce diseases such as urinary tract infections, sepsis, and meningitis. a complete understanding of the infection process is hindered by both the inherent genetic diversity of e. coli and the large number of unstudied genes. here, we focus on the uncharacterized gene rqli, which our lab recently uncovered in a tn-seq screen for bacterial genes required within a zebrafish model of infection. ...	2015	26636713
peprs spice up plant immunity.	some pattern recognition receptors (prrs) in plants, such as peprs, sense endogenous, damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) that are released during pathogen infection. in this issue of the embo journal, yamada and colleagues show that genetic or pathogen-induced depletion of arabidopsis bak1, a co-receptor for multiple prrs, primes immune activation through peprs. the work illustrates a link between pathogen-induced perturbation of bak1 and damp signaling.	2015	26628623
peprs spice up plant immunity.	some pattern recognition receptors (prrs) in plants, such as peprs, sense endogenous, damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) that are released during pathogen infection. in this issue of the embo journal, yamada and colleagues show that genetic or pathogen-induced depletion of arabidopsis bak1, a co-receptor for multiple prrs, primes immune activation through peprs. the work illustrates a link between pathogen-induced perturbation of bak1 and damp signaling.	2015	26628623
transcriptomic response to nitric oxide treatment in larix olgensis henry.	larix olgensis henry is an important coniferous species found in plantation forests in northeastern china, but it is vulnerable to pathogens. nitric oxide (no) is an important molecule involved in plant resistance to pathogens. to study the regulatory role of no at the transcriptional level, we characterized the transcriptomic response of l. olgensis seedlings to sodium nitroprusside (snp, no donor) using illumina sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly. a significant number of putative me ...	2015	26633380
levan enhances associated growth of bacteroides, escherichia, streptococcus and faecalibacterium in fecal microbiota.	the role of dietary fiber in supporting healthy gut microbiota and overall well-being of the host has been revealed in several studies. here, we show the effect of a bacterial polyfructan levan on the growth dynamics and metabolism of fecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry. eleven fecal samples from healthy donors were incubated in phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without levan supplementation and varying presence of amino acids. the generation of heat, changes i ...	2015	26629816
genomic tools in pea breeding programs: status and perspectives.	pea (pisum sativum l.) is an annual cool-season legume and one of the oldest domesticated crops. dry pea seeds contain 22-25% protein, complex starch and fiber constituents, and a rich array of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals which make them a valuable source for human consumption and livestock feed. dry pea ranks third to common bean and chickpea as the most widely grown pulse in the world with more than 11 million tons produced in 2013. pea breeding has achieved great success since the ...	2015	26640470
genotypic diversity and population structure of vibrio vulnificus strains isolated in taiwan and korea as determined by multilocus sequence typing.	the genetic diversity and population structure of vibrio vulnificus isolates from korea and taiwan were investigated using pcr-based assays targeting putative virulence-related genes and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). box-pcr genomic fingerprinting identified 52 unique genotypes in 84 environmental and clinical v. vulnificus isolates. the majority (> 50%) of strains had pathogenic genotypes for all loci tested; moreover, many environmental strains had pathogenic genotypes. although significa ...	2015	26599487
synthetic protein scaffolds based on peptide motifs and cognate adaptor domains for improving metabolic productivity.	the efficiency of many cellular processes relies on the defined interaction among different proteins within the same metabolic or signaling pathway. consequently, a spatial colocalization of functionally interacting proteins has frequently emerged during evolution. this concept has been adapted within the synthetic biology community for the purpose of creating artificial scaffolds. a recent advancement of this concept is the use of peptide motifs and their cognate adaptor domains. sh2, sh3, gbd, ...	2015	26636078
jasmonate signalling drives time-of-day differences in susceptibility of arabidopsis to the fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea.	the circadian clock, an internal time-keeping mechanism, allows plants to anticipate regular changes in the environment, such as light and dark, and biotic challenges such as pathogens and herbivores. here, we demonstrate that the plant circadian clock influences susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, botrytis cinerea. arabidopsis plants show differential susceptibility to b. cinerea depending on the time of day of inoculation. decreased susceptibility after inoculation at dawn comp ...	2015	26466558
friends or foes? emerging insights from fungal interactions with plants.	fungi interact with plants in various ways, with each interaction giving rise to different alterations in both partners. while fungal pathogens have detrimental effects on plant physiology, mutualistic fungi augment host defence responses to pathogens and/or improve plant nutrient uptake. tropic growth towards plant roots or stomata, mediated by chemical and topographical signals, has been described for several fungi, with evidence of species-specific signals and sensing mechanisms. fungal partn ...	2015	26591004
friends or foes? emerging insights from fungal interactions with plants.	fungi interact with plants in various ways, with each interaction giving rise to different alterations in both partners. while fungal pathogens have detrimental effects on plant physiology, mutualistic fungi augment host defence responses to pathogens and/or improve plant nutrient uptake. tropic growth towards plant roots or stomata, mediated by chemical and topographical signals, has been described for several fungi, with evidence of species-specific signals and sensing mechanisms. fungal partn ...	2015	26591004
the structure of a type 3 secretion system (t3ss) ruler protein suggests a molecular mechanism for needle length sensing.	the type 3 secretion system (t3ss) and the bacterial flagellum are related pathogenicity-associated appendages found at the surface of many disease-causing bacteria. these appendages consist of long tubular structures that protrude away from the bacterial surface to interact with the host cell and/or promote motility. a proposed "ruler" protein tightly regulates the length of both the t3ss and the flagellum, but the molecular basis for this length control has remained poorly characterized and co ...	2015	26589798
the structure of a type 3 secretion system (t3ss) ruler protein suggests a molecular mechanism for needle length sensing.	the type 3 secretion system (t3ss) and the bacterial flagellum are related pathogenicity-associated appendages found at the surface of many disease-causing bacteria. these appendages consist of long tubular structures that protrude away from the bacterial surface to interact with the host cell and/or promote motility. a proposed "ruler" protein tightly regulates the length of both the t3ss and the flagellum, but the molecular basis for this length control has remained poorly characterized and co ...	2015	26589798
mechanisms of abscisic acid-mediated control of stomatal aperture.	drought stress triggers an increase in the level of the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba), which initiates a signaling cascade to close stomata and reduce water loss. recent studies have revealed that guard cells control cytosolic aba concentration through the concerted actions of biosynthesis, catabolism as well as transport across membranes. substantial progress has been made at understanding the molecular mechanisms of how the aba signaling core module controls the activity of anion channels ...	2015	26599955
reference gene selection for normalization of rt-qpcr gene expression data from actinidia deliciosa leaves infected with pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.	normalization of data, by choosing the appropriate reference genes (rgs), is fundamental for obtaining reliable results in reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr). in this study, we assessed actinidia deliciosa leaves inoculated with two doses of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae during a period of 13 days for the expression profile of nine candidate rgs. their expression stability was calculated using four algorithms: genorm, normfinder, bestkeeper and the deltact method. glyceraldeh ...	2015	26581656
down-regulation of arabidopsis dnd1 orthologs in potato and tomato leads to broad-spectrum resistance to late blight and powdery mildew.	multiple susceptibility genes (s), identified in arabidopsis, have been shown to be functionally conserved in crop plants. mutations in these s genes result in resistance to different pathogens, opening a new way to achieve plant disease resistance. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of defense no death 1 (dnd1) in susceptibility of tomato and potato to late blight (phytophthora infestans). in arabidopsis, the dnd1 mutant has broad-spectrum resistance against several fungal, bacte ...	2015	26577903
down-regulation of arabidopsis dnd1 orthologs in potato and tomato leads to broad-spectrum resistance to late blight and powdery mildew.	multiple susceptibility genes (s), identified in arabidopsis, have been shown to be functionally conserved in crop plants. mutations in these s genes result in resistance to different pathogens, opening a new way to achieve plant disease resistance. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of defense no death 1 (dnd1) in susceptibility of tomato and potato to late blight (phytophthora infestans). in arabidopsis, the dnd1 mutant has broad-spectrum resistance against several fungal, bacte ...	2015	26577903
the two-faced potato virus x: from plant pathogen to smart nanoparticle.	potato virus x (pvx) is a single-stranded rna plant virus, historically investigated in light of the detrimental effects on potato, the world's fourth most important food commodity. the study of the interactions with cells, and more generally with the plant, both locally and systemically, significantly contributed to unveil the mechanisms underlying gene silencing, fundamental not only in plant virology but also in the study of gene expression regulation. unraveling the molecular events of pvx i ...	2015	26635836
danger peptide receptor signaling in plants ensures basal immunity upon pathogen-induced depletion of bak1.	pathogens infect a host by suppressing defense responses induced upon recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). despite this suppression, mamp receptors mediate basal resistance to limit host susceptibility, via a process that is poorly understood. the arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat (lrr) receptor kinase bak1 associates and functions with different cell surface lrr receptors for a wide range of ligands, including mamps. we report that bak1 depletion is linked to defense acti ...	2015	26574534
danger peptide receptor signaling in plants ensures basal immunity upon pathogen-induced depletion of bak1.	pathogens infect a host by suppressing defense responses induced upon recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). despite this suppression, mamp receptors mediate basal resistance to limit host susceptibility, via a process that is poorly understood. the arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat (lrr) receptor kinase bak1 associates and functions with different cell surface lrr receptors for a wide range of ligands, including mamps. we report that bak1 depletion is linked to defense acti ...	2015	26574534
antimicrobial peptides from plants.	plant antimicrobial peptides (amps) have evolved differently from amps from other life forms. they are generally rich in cysteine residues which form multiple disulfides. in turn, the disulfides cross-braced plant amps as cystine-rich peptides to confer them with extraordinary high chemical, thermal and proteolytic stability. the cystine-rich or commonly known as cysteine-rich peptides (crps) of plant amps are classified into families based on their sequence similarity, cysteine motifs that dete ...	2015	26580629
identification and characterization of micrornas from in vitro-grown pear shoots infected with apple stem grooving virus in response to high temperature using small rna sequencing.	micrornas (mirnas) have functions in diverse biological processes such as growth, signal transduction, disease resistance, and stress responses in plants. thermotherapy is an effective approach for elimination of viruses from fruit trees. however, the role of mirnas in this process remains elusive. previously, we showed that high temperature treatment reduces the titers of apple stem grooving virus (asgv) from the tips of in vitro-grown pyrus pyrifolia plants. in this study, we identified high t ...	2015	26573813
transcriptome analysis of kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) bark in response to armoured scale insect (hemiberlesia lataniae) feeding.	the kiwifruit cultivar actinidia chinensis 'hort16a' is resistant to the polyphagous armoured scale insect pest hemiberlesia lataniae (hemiptera: diaspididae). a cdna microarray consisting of 17,512 unigenes selected from over 132,000 expressed sequence tags (ests) was used to measure the transcriptomic profile of the a. chinensis 'hort16a' canes in response to a controlled infestation of h. lataniae. after 2 days, 272 transcripts were differentially expressed. after 7 days, 5,284 (30%) transcri ...	2015	26571404
transcriptional dynamics driving mamp-triggered immunity and pathogen effector-mediated immunosuppression in arabidopsis leaves following infection with pseudomonas syringae pv tomato dc3000.	transcriptional reprogramming is integral to effective plant defense. pathogen effectors act transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally to suppress defense responses. a major challenge to understanding disease and defense responses is discriminating between transcriptional reprogramming associated with microbial-associated molecular pattern (mamp)-triggered immunity (mti) and that orchestrated by effectors. a high-resolution time course of genome-wide expression changes following challenge with ...	2015	26566919
differential roles of two homologous cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes in regulating cell cycle and innate immunity in arabidopsis.	precise cell-cycle control is critical for plant development and responses to pathogen invasion. two homologous cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes, siamese (sim) and sim-related 1 (smr1), were recently shown to regulate arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) defense based on phenotypes conferred by a sim smr1 double mutant. however, whether these two genes play differential roles in cell-cycle and defense control is unknown. in this report, we show that while acting synergistically to promote e ...	2015	26561564
differential roles of two homologous cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes in regulating cell cycle and innate immunity in arabidopsis.	precise cell-cycle control is critical for plant development and responses to pathogen invasion. two homologous cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes, siamese (sim) and sim-related 1 (smr1), were recently shown to regulate arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) defense based on phenotypes conferred by a sim smr1 double mutant. however, whether these two genes play differential roles in cell-cycle and defense control is unknown. in this report, we show that while acting synergistically to promote e ...	2015	26561564
elevated temperature differentially influences effector-triggered immunity outputs in arabidopsis.	pseudomonas syringae is a gram-negative bacterium that infects multiple plant species by manipulating cellular processes via injection of type three secreted effectors (t3ses) into host cells. nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (nlr) resistance (r) proteins recognize specific t3ses and trigger a robust immune response, called effector-triggered immunity (eti), which limits pathogen proliferation and is often associated with localized programmed cell death, known as the hypersensitive respons ...	2015	26617631
different bacterial communities in heat and gamma irradiation treated replant disease soils revealed by 16s rrna gene analysis - contribution to improved aboveground apple plant growth?	replant disease (rd) severely affects apple production in propagation tree nurseries and in fruit orchards worldwide. this study aimed to investigate the effects of soil disinfection treatments on plant growth and health in a biotest in two different rd soil types under greenhouse conditions and to link the plant growth status with the bacterial community composition at the time of plant sampling. in the biotest performed we observed that the aboveground growth of apple rootstock m26 plants afte ...	2015	26635733
extracellular peptidases of the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum.	the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum (fgr) creates economic and health risks in cereals agriculture. fgr causes head blight (or scab) of wheat and stalk rot of corn, reducing yield, degrading grain quality, and polluting downstream food products with mycotoxins. fungal plant pathogens must secrete proteases to access nutrition and to breakdown the structural protein component of the plant cell wall. research into the proteolytic activity of fgr is hindered by the complex nature of th ...	2015	26635820
phylogeny and evolution of plant cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (cngc) gene family and functional analyses of tomato cngcs.	cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (cngcs) are calcium-permeable channels that are involved in various biological functions. nevertheless, phylogeny and function of plant cngcs are not well understood. in this study, 333 cngc genes from 15 plant species were identified using comprehensive bioinformatics approaches. extensive bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that cngcs of group iva were distinct to those of other groups in gene structure and amino acid sequence of cyclic nucleotide-binding ...	2015	26546226
endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in plant immunity--at the crossroad of life and death.	rapid and complex immune responses are induced in plants upon pathogen recognition. one form of plant defense response is a programmed burst in transcription and translation of pathogenesis-related proteins, of which many rely on er processing. interestingly, several er stress marker genes are up-regulated during early stages of immune responses, suggesting that enhanced er capacity is needed for immunity. eukaryotic cells respond to er stress through conserved signaling networks initiated by sp ...	2015	26556351
systemic resistance to powdery mildew in brassica napus (aacc) and raphanus alboglabra (rrcc) by trichoderma harzianum th12.	trichoderma harzianum th12 is a microbial pesticide for certain rapeseed diseases. the mechanism of systemic resistance induced by th12 or its cell-free culture filtrate (cf) in brassica napus (aacc) and raphanus alboglabra (rrcc) to powdery mildew disease caused by ascomycete erysiphe cruciferarum was investigated. in this study, we conducted the first large-scale global study on the cellular and molecular aspects of b. napus and r. alboglabra infected with e. cruciferarum. the histological stu ...	2015	26540161
endogenous target mimics down-regulate mir160 mediation of arf10, -16, and -17 cleavage during somatic embryogenesis in dimocarpus longan lour.	microrna160 plays a critical role in plant development by negatively regulating the auxin response factors arf10, -16, and -17. however, the ways in which mir160 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level, and how mir160 interacts with its targets during plant embryo development, remain unknown. here, we studied the regulatory relationships among endogenous target mimics (etms), and mir160 and its targets, and their involvement in hormone signaling and somatic embryogenesis (se) in dim ...	2015	26594219
isolation of rhp-psp, a member of yer057c/yjgf/uk114 protein family with antiviral properties, from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas palustris strain jsc-3b.	rhodopseudomonas palustris strain jsc-3b isolated from a water canal adjacent to a vegetable field produces a protein that was purified by bioactivity-guided fractionation based on ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange absorption and size exclusion. the protein was further identified as an endoribonuclease l-psp (liver-perchloric acid-soluble protein) by shotgun mass spectrometry analysis and gene identification, and it is member of yer057c/yjgf/uk114 protein family. herein, this protein ...	2015	26530252
transcriptome analysis reveals regulatory networks underlying differential susceptibility to botrytis cinerea in response to nitrogen availability in solanum lycopersicum.	nitrogen (n) is one of the main limiting nutrients for plant growth and crop yield. it is well documented that changes in nitrate availability, the main n source found in agricultural soils, influences a myriad of developmental programs and processes including the plant defense response. indeed, many agronomical reports indicate that the plant n nutritional status influences their ability to respond effectively when challenged by different pathogens. however, the molecular mechanisms involved in ...	2015	26583019
the effector repertoire of fusarium oxysporum determines the tomato xylem proteome composition following infection.	plant pathogens secrete small proteins, of which some are effectors that promote infection. during colonization of the tomato xylem vessels the fungus fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (fol) secretes small proteins that are referred to as six (secreted in xylem) proteins. of these, six1 (avr3), six3 (avr2), six5, and six6 are required for full virulence, denoting them as effectors. to investigate their activities in the plant, the xylem sap proteome of plants inoculated with fol wild-type or ...	2015	26583031
versatile roles of brassinosteroid in plants in the context of its homoeostasis, signaling and crosstalks.	brassinosteroids (brs) are a class of steroidal plant hormones that play diverse roles in plant growth and developmental processes. recently, the easy availability of biological resources, and development of new molecular tools and approaches have provided the required impetus for deeper understanding of the processes involved in brs biosynthesis, transport, signaling and degradation pathways. from recent studies it is also evident that brs interact with other phytohormones such as auxin, cytoki ...	2015	26583025
the synthetic elicitor 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid links plant immunity to hormesis.	synthetic elicitors are drug-like compounds that induce plant immune responses but are structurally distinct from natural defense elicitors. using high-throughput screening, we previously identified 114 synthetic elicitors that activate the expression of a pathogen-responsive reporter gene in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). here, we report on the characterization of one of these compounds, 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (bhtc). bhtc induces disease resistance of ...	2015	26530314
the synthetic elicitor 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid links plant immunity to hormesis.	synthetic elicitors are drug-like compounds that induce plant immune responses but are structurally distinct from natural defense elicitors. using high-throughput screening, we previously identified 114 synthetic elicitors that activate the expression of a pathogen-responsive reporter gene in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). here, we report on the characterization of one of these compounds, 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (bhtc). bhtc induces disease resistance of ...	2015	26530314
filamentous flower is a direct target of jaz3 and modulates responses to jasmonate.	the plant hormone jasmonate (ja) plays an important role in regulating growth, development, and immunity. activation of the ja-signaling pathway is based on the hormone-triggered ubiquitination and removal of transcriptional repressors (jasmonate-zim domain [jaz] proteins) by an scf receptor complex (scf(coi1)/jaz). this removal allows the rapid activation of transcription factors (tfs) triggering a multitude of downstream responses. identification of tfs bound by the jaz proteins is essential t ...	2015	26530088
bacterial clade with the ribosomal rna operon on a small plasmid rather than the chromosome.	rrna is essential for life because of its functional importance in protein synthesis. the rrna (rrn) operon encoding 16s, 23s, and 5s rrnas is located on the "main" chromosome in all bacteria documented to date and is frequently used as a marker of chromosomes. here, our genome analysis of a plant-associated alphaproteobacterium, aureimonas sp. au20, indicates that this strain has its sole rrn operon on a small (9.4 kb), high-copy-number replicon. we designated this unusual replicon carrying the ...	2015	26534993
hormone-regulated defense and stress response networks contribute to heterosis in arabidopsis f1 hybrids.	plant hybrids are extensively used in agriculture to deliver increases in yields, yet the molecular basis of their superior performance (heterosis) is not well understood. our transcriptome analysis of a number of arabidopsis f1 hybrids identified changes to defense and stress response gene expression consistent with a reduction in basal defense levels. given the reported antagonism between plant immunity and growth, we suggest that these altered patterns of expression contribute to the greater ...	2015	26527659
host target modification as a strategy to counter pathogen hijacking of the jasmonate hormone receptor.	in the past decade, characterization of the host targets of pathogen virulence factors took a center stage in the study of pathogenesis and disease susceptibility in plants and humans. however, the impressive knowledge of host targets has not been broadly exploited to inhibit pathogen infection. here, we show that host target modification could be a promising new approach to "protect" the disease-vulnerable components of plants. in particular, recent studies have identified the plant hormone jas ...	2015	26578782
total phenolic, flavonoid, tomatine, and tomatidine contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts of tomato plant.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts of different fractions of two tomato plant cultivars. the stems, roots, leaves, and whole-plant fractions were evaluated. tomatine and tomatidine were identified by hplc-dad. the leaf extracts from the two varieties showed the highest flavonoids, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and total phenolics contents and the highest antioxidant activity determined by dpph, abts, and orac. a positive correlation was ...	2015	26609308
o antigen modulates insect vector acquisition of the bacterial plant pathogen xylella fastidiosa.	hemipteran insect vectors transmit the majority of plant pathogens. acquisition of pathogenic bacteria by these piercing/sucking insects requires intimate associations between the bacterial cells and insect surfaces. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is the predominant macromolecule displayed on the cell surface of gram-negative bacteria and thus mediates bacterial interactions with the environment and potential hosts. we hypothesized that bacterial cell surface properties mediated by lps would be import ...	2015	26386068
plant pathogen-induced water-soaking promotes salmonella enterica growth on tomato leaves.	plant pathogen infection is a critical factor for the persistence of salmonella enterica on plants. we investigated the mechanisms responsible for the persistence of s. enterica on diseased tomato plants by using four diverse bacterial spot xanthomonas species that differ in disease severities. xanthomonas euvesicatoria and x. gardneri infection fostered s. enterica growth, while x. perforans infection did not induce growth but supported the persistence of s. enterica. x. vesicatoria-infected le ...	2015	26386057
proteomic analysis of the relationship between metabolism and nonhost resistance in soybean exposed to bipolaris maydis.	nonhost resistance (nhr) pertains to the most common form of plant resistance against pathogenic microorganisms of other species. bipolaris maydis is a non-adapted pathogen affecting soybeans, particularly of maize/soybean intercropping systems. however, no experimental evidence has described the immune response of soybeans against b. maydis. to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying nhr in soybeans, proteomics analysis based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-de) was ...	2015	26513657
the crystal structure of an integral membrane fatty acid α-hydroxylase.	neuronal electrical impulse propagation is facilitated by the myelin sheath, a compact membrane surrounding the axon. the myelin sheath is highly enriched in galactosylceramide (galcer) and its sulfated derivative sulfatide. over 50% of galcer and sulfatide in myelin is hydroxylated by the integral membrane enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (fa2h). galcer hydroxylation contributes to the compact nature of the myelin membrane, and mutations in fa2h result in debilitating leukodystrophies and spasti ...	2015	26515067
oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis for precision gene editing.	differences in gene sequences, many of which are single nucleotide polymorphisms, underlie some of the most important traits in plants. with humanity facing significant challenges to increase global agricultural productivity, there is an urgent need to accelerate the development of these traits in plants. oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (odm), one of the many tools of cibus' rapid trait development system (rtds(™) ) technology, offers a rapid, precise and non-transgenic breeding alternative ...	2015	26503400
oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis for precision gene editing.	differences in gene sequences, many of which are single nucleotide polymorphisms, underlie some of the most important traits in plants. with humanity facing significant challenges to increase global agricultural productivity, there is an urgent need to accelerate the development of these traits in plants. oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (odm), one of the many tools of cibus' rapid trait development system (rtds(™) ) technology, offers a rapid, precise and non-transgenic breeding alternative ...	2015	26503400
a genetic framework for h2o2 induced cell death in arabidopsis thaliana.	to survive in a changing environment plants constantly monitor their surroundings. in response to several stresses and during photorespiration plants use reactive oxygen species as signaling molecules. the arabidopsis thaliana catalase2 (cat2) mutant lacks a peroxisomal catalase and under photorespiratory conditions accumulates h2o2, which leads to activation of cell death.	2015	26493993
stability of small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) proteases overly tolerant to salt1 and -2 modulates salicylic acid signalling and sumo1/2 conjugation in arabidopsis thaliana.	small ubiquitin-like modifier proteases 1 and 2 (sumo1/2) have been linked to the regulation of salicylic acid (sa)-mediated defence signalling in arabidopsis thaliana. in order to define the role of the sumo proteases overly tolerant to salt1 and -2 (ots1/2) in defence and to provide insight into sumo1/2-mediated regulation of sa signalling, we examined the status of sa-mediated defences in ots1/2 mutants. the ots1 ots2 double mutant displayed enhanced resistance to virulent pseudomonas syringa ...	2015	26494731
stability of small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) proteases overly tolerant to salt1 and -2 modulates salicylic acid signalling and sumo1/2 conjugation in arabidopsis thaliana.	small ubiquitin-like modifier proteases 1 and 2 (sumo1/2) have been linked to the regulation of salicylic acid (sa)-mediated defence signalling in arabidopsis thaliana. in order to define the role of the sumo proteases overly tolerant to salt1 and -2 (ots1/2) in defence and to provide insight into sumo1/2-mediated regulation of sa signalling, we examined the status of sa-mediated defences in ots1/2 mutants. the ots1 ots2 double mutant displayed enhanced resistance to virulent pseudomonas syringa ...	2015	26494731
comparative proteomic analysis of gossypium thurberi in response to verticillium dahliae inoculation.	verticillium wilt is threatening cotton productivity globally. this disease is caused by soil-borne verticillium dahliae which directly infects cotton roots, and exclusively colonizes and occludes xylem vessels, finally resulting in necrosis, defoliation, and most severely, plant death. for the first time, itraq (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) was applied to screen the differentially expressed proteins of gossypium thurberi inoculated with v. dahliae. a total of 6533 pro ...	2015	26506344
loss of a conserved trna anticodon modification perturbs plant immunity.	trna is the most highly modified class of rna species, and modifications are found in trnas from all organisms that have been examined. despite their vastly different chemical structures and their presence in different trnas, occurring in different locations in trna, the biosynthetic pathways of the majority of trna modifications include a methylation step(s). recent discoveries have revealed unprecedented complexity in the modification patterns of trna, their regulation and function, suggesting ...	2015	26492405
tomato histone h2b monoubiquitination enzymes slhub1 and slhub2 contribute to disease resistance against botrytis cinerea through modulating the balance between sa- and ja/et-mediated signaling pathways.	histone h2b monoubiquitination pathway has been shown to play critical roles in regulating growth/development and stress response in arabidopsis. in the present study, we explored the involvement of the tomato histone h2b monoubiquitination pathway in defense response against botrytis cinerea by functional analysis of slhub1 and slhub2, orthologues of the arabidopsis athub1/athub2.	2015	26490733
a novel nematode effector suppresses plant immunity by activating host reactive oxygen species-scavenging system.	evidence is emerging that plant-parasitic nematodes can secrete effectors to interfere with the host immune response, but it remains unknown how these effectors can conquer host immune responses. here, we depict a novel effector, mjttl5, that could suppress plant immune response. immunolocalization and transcriptional analyses showed that mjttl5 is expressed specifically within the subventral gland of meloidogyne javanica and up-regulated in the early parasitic stage of the nematode. transgenic ...	2015	26484653
a novel nematode effector suppresses plant immunity by activating host reactive oxygen species-scavenging system.	evidence is emerging that plant-parasitic nematodes can secrete effectors to interfere with the host immune response, but it remains unknown how these effectors can conquer host immune responses. here, we depict a novel effector, mjttl5, that could suppress plant immune response. immunolocalization and transcriptional analyses showed that mjttl5 is expressed specifically within the subventral gland of meloidogyne javanica and up-regulated in the early parasitic stage of the nematode. transgenic ...	2015	26484653
plantpan 2.0: an update of plant promoter analysis navigator for reconstructing transcriptional regulatory networks in plants.	transcription factors (tfs) are sequence-specific dna-binding proteins acting as critical regulators of gene expression. the plant promoter analysis navigator (plantpan; http://plantpan2.itps.ncku.edu.tw) provides an informative resource for detecting transcription factor binding sites (tfbss), corresponding tfs, and other important regulatory elements (cpg islands and tandem repeats) in a promoter or a set of plant promoters. additionally, tfbss, cpg islands, and tandem repeats in the conserve ...	2015	26476450
plantpan 2.0: an update of plant promoter analysis navigator for reconstructing transcriptional regulatory networks in plants.	transcription factors (tfs) are sequence-specific dna-binding proteins acting as critical regulators of gene expression. the plant promoter analysis navigator (plantpan; http://plantpan2.itps.ncku.edu.tw) provides an informative resource for detecting transcription factor binding sites (tfbss), corresponding tfs, and other important regulatory elements (cpg islands and tandem repeats) in a promoter or a set of plant promoters. additionally, tfbss, cpg islands, and tandem repeats in the conserve ...	2015	26476450
large-scale identification of wheat genes resistant to cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae using comparative transcriptomic analysis.	cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae, an important soil-borne pathogen in wheat, causes numerous annual yield losses worldwide, and use of resistant cultivars is the best strategy for control. however, target genes are not readily available for breeding resistant cultivars. therefore, comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed to identify more applicable resistance genes for cultivar breeding.	2015	26475271
abiotic stress responses in plants: roles of calmodulin-regulated proteins.	intracellular changes in calcium ions (ca(2+)) in response to different biotic and abiotic stimuli are detected by various sensor proteins in the plant cell. calmodulin (cam) is one of the most extensively studied ca(2+)-sensing proteins and has been shown to be involved in transduction of ca(2+) signals. after interacting with ca(2+), cam undergoes conformational change and influences the activities of a diverse range of cam-binding proteins. a number of cam-binding proteins have also been impl ...	2015	26528296
potent and selective modulation of the rhlr quorum sensing receptor by using non-native ligands: an emerging target for virulence control in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	pseudomonas aeruginosa uses n-acylated l-homoserine lactone signals and a triumvirate of luxr-type receptor proteins--lasr, rhlr, and qscr--for quorum sensing (qs). each of these receptors can contribute to qs activation or repression and, thereby, the control of myriad virulence phenotypes in this pathogen. lasr has traditionally been considered to be at the top of the qs receptor hierarchy in p. aeruginosa; however, recent reports suggest that rhlr plays a more prominent role in infection than ...	2015	26460240
ces locus embedded proteins control the non-ribosomal synthesis of the cereulide toxin in emetic bacillus cereus on multiple levels.	the emetic toxin cereulide produced by bacillus cereus is synthesized by the modular enzyme complex ces that is encoded on a pxo1-like megaplasmid. to decipher the role of the genes adjacent to the structural genes cesa/cesb, coding for the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps), gene inactivation- and overexpression mutants of the emetic strain f4810/72 were constructed and their impact on cereulide biosynthesis was assessed. the hydrolase cesh turned out to be a part of the complex regulatory ...	2015	26528255
bacillus cereus eﬄux protein bc3310 - a multidrug transporter of the unknown major facilitator family, umf-2.	phylogenetic classification divides the major facilitator superfamily (mfs) into 82 families, including 25 families that are comprised of transporters with no characterized functions. this study describes functional data for bc3310 from bacillus cereus atcc 14579, a member of the "unknown major facilitator family-2" (umf-2). bc3310 was shown to be a multidrug eﬄux pump conferring resistance to ethidium bromide, sds and silver nitrate when heterologously expressed in escherichia coli dh5α δacrab. ...	2015	26528249
functional monomerization of a clc-type fluoride transporter.	anion channels and antiporters of the clc superfamily have been found to be exclusively dimeric in nature, even though each individual monomer contains the complete transport pathway. here, we describe the destabilization through mutagenesis of the dimer interface of a bacterial f(-)/h(+) antiporter, clc(f)-eca. several mutations that produce monomer/dimer equilibrium of the normally dimeric transporter were found, simply by shortening a hydrophobic side chain in some cases. one mutation, l376w, ...	2015	26449639
the role of abcg-type abc transporters in phytohormone transport.	plant hormones (phytohormones) integrate endogenous and exogenous signals thus synchronizing plant growth with environmental and developmental changes. similar to animals, phytohormones have distinct source and target tissues, hence controlled transport and focused targeting are required for their functions. many evidences accumulated in the last years about the regulation of long-distance and directional transport of phytohormones. atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters turned out to play majo ...	2015	26517905
high levels of cyclic-di-gmp in plant-associated pseudomonas correlate with evasion of plant immunity.	the plant innate immune system employs plasma membrane-localized receptors that specifically perceive pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (pamps/mamps). this induces a defence response called pattern-triggered immunity (pti) to fend off pathogen attack. commensal bacteria are also exposed to potential immune recognition and must employ strategies to evade and/or suppress pti to successfully colonize the plant. during plant infection, the flagellum has an ambiguous role, acting as both ...	2015	26202381
high levels of cyclic-di-gmp in plant-associated pseudomonas correlate with evasion of plant immunity.	the plant innate immune system employs plasma membrane-localized receptors that specifically perceive pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (pamps/mamps). this induces a defence response called pattern-triggered immunity (pti) to fend off pathogen attack. commensal bacteria are also exposed to potential immune recognition and must employ strategies to evade and/or suppress pti to successfully colonize the plant. during plant infection, the flagellum has an ambiguous role, acting as both ...	2015	26202381
overexpression of gbrlk, a putative receptor-like kinase gene, improved cotton tolerance to verticillium wilt.	verticillium dahliae is a causative fungal pathogen and only a few genes have been identified that exhibit critical roles in disease resistance and few has shown positive effects on the resistance to verticillium wilt in transgenic cotton. we cloned a receptor-like kinase gene (gbrlk) induced by verticillium dahliae (vd) in the disease-resistant cotton gossypium barbadense cv. hai7124. northern blotting revealed that the gbrlk was induced by vd at 96 h after inoculation. the functional gbrlk is ...	2015	26446555
linking pattern recognition and salicylic acid responses in arabidopsis through accelerated cell death6 and receptors.	the arabidopsis membrane protein accelerated cell death 6 (acd6) and the defense signal salicylic acid (sa) are part of a positive feedback loop that regulates the levels of at least 2 pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamp) receptors, including flagellin sensing 2 (fls2) and chitin elicitor receptor (lysm domain receptor-like kinase 1, cerk1). acd6- and sa-mediated regulation of these receptors results in potentiation of responses to fls2 and cerk1 ligands (e.g. flg22 and chitin, respecti ...	2015	26442718
gaseous 3-pentanol primes plant immunity against a bacterial speck pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato via salicylic acid and jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathways in arabidopsis.	3-pentanol is an active organic compound produced by plants and is a component of emitted insect sex pheromones. a previous study reported that drench application of 3-pentanol elicited plant immunity against microbial pathogens and an insect pest in crop plants. here, we evaluated whether 3-pentanol and the derivatives 1-pentanol and 2-pentanol induced plant systemic resistance using the in vitro i-plate system. exposure of arabidopsis seedlings to 10 μm and 100 nm 3-pentanol evaporate elicited ...	2015	26500665
chloroplast signaling within, between and beyond cells.	the most conspicuous function of plastids is the oxygenic photosynthesis of chloroplasts, yet plastids are super-factories that produce a plethora of compounds that are indispensable for proper plant physiology and development. given their origins as free-living prokaryotes, it is not surprising that plastids possess their own genomes whose expression is essential to plastid function. this semi-autonomous character of plastids requires the existence of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that pr ...	2015	26500659
plant resistance against the parasitic nematode heterodera schachtii is mediated by mpk3 and mpk6 kinases, which are controlled by the mapk phosphatase ap2c1 in arabidopsis.	plant-parasitic cyst nematodes infect plants and form highly sophisticated feeding sites in roots. it is not known which plant cell signalling mechanisms trigger plant defence during the early stages of nematode parasitism. mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are central components of protein phosphorylation cascades transducing extracellular signals to plant defence responses. mapk phosphatases control kinase activities and the signalling outcome. the involvement and the role of mpk3 and ...	2015	26438412
plant resistance against the parasitic nematode heterodera schachtii is mediated by mpk3 and mpk6 kinases, which are controlled by the mapk phosphatase ap2c1 in arabidopsis.	plant-parasitic cyst nematodes infect plants and form highly sophisticated feeding sites in roots. it is not known which plant cell signalling mechanisms trigger plant defence during the early stages of nematode parasitism. mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are central components of protein phosphorylation cascades transducing extracellular signals to plant defence responses. mapk phosphatases control kinase activities and the signalling outcome. the involvement and the role of mpk3 and ...	2015	26438412
a conserved core of programmed cell death indicator genes discriminates developmentally and environmentally induced programmed cell death in plants.	a plethora of diverse programmed cell death (pcd) processes has been described in living organisms. in animals and plants, different forms of pcd play crucial roles in development, immunity, and responses to the environment. while the molecular control of some animal pcd forms such as apoptosis is known in great detail, we still know comparatively little about the regulation of the diverse types of plant pcd. in part, this deficiency in molecular understanding is caused by the lack of reliable r ...	2015	26438786
multipart chaperone-effector recognition in the type iii secretion system of chlamydia trachomatis.	secretion of effector proteins into the eukaryotic host cell is required for chlamydia trachomatis virulence. in the infection process, scc1 and scc4, two chaperones of the type iii secretion (t3s) system, facilitate secretion of the important effector and plug protein, copn, but little is known about the details of this event. here we use biochemistry, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and genetic analyses to characterize this trimolecular event. we find that scc4 comp ...	2015	26438824
identification of enterococcus faecalis antigens specifically expressed in vivo.	molecular mechanism of the pathogenicity of enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis), a suspected endodontic pathogen, has not yet been adequately elucidated due to limited information on its virulence factors. here we report the identification of in vivo expressed antigens of e. faecalis by using a novel immunoscreening technique called change-mediated antigen technology (cmat) and an experimental animal model of endodontic infection.	2015	26587417
prophage recombinases-mediated genome engineering in lactobacillus plantarum.	lactobacillus plantarum is a food-grade microorganism with industrial and medical relevance belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria (lab). traditional strategies for obtaining gene deletion variants in this organism are mainly vector-based double-crossover methods, which are inefficient and laborious. a feasible possibility to solve this problem is the recombineering, which greatly expands the possibilities for engineering dna molecules in vivo in various organisms.	2015	26438232
passive dust collectors for assessing airborne microbial material.	settled airborne dust is used as a surrogate for airborne exposure in studies that explore indoor microbes. in order to determine whether detecting differences in dust environments would depend on the sampler type, we compared different passive, settled dust sampling approaches with respect to displaying qualitative and quantitative aspects of the bacterial and fungal indoor microbiota.	2015	26434807
joint transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal changes in the primary metabolism and imbalances in the subgenome orchestration in the bread wheat molecular response to fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight is a prevalent disease of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which leads to considerable losses in yield and quality. quantitative resistance to the causative fungus fusarium graminearum is poorly understood. we integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics data to dissect the molecular response to the fungus and its main virulence factor, the toxin deoxynivalenol in near-isogenic lines segregating for two resistance quantitative trait loci, fhb1 and qfhs.ifa-5a. the data set ...	2015	26438291
novel jaz co-operativity and unexpected ja dynamics underpin arabidopsis defence responses to pseudomonas syringae infection.	pathogens target phytohormone signalling pathways to promote disease. plants deploy salicylic acid (sa)-mediated defences against biotrophs. pathogens antagonize sa immunity by activating jasmonate signalling, for example pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 produces coronatine (cor), a jasmonic acid (ja) mimic. this study found unexpected dynamics between sa, ja and cor and co-operation between jaz jasmonate repressor proteins during dc3000 infection. we used a systems-based approach involvin ...	2015	26428397
novel jaz co-operativity and unexpected ja dynamics underpin arabidopsis defence responses to pseudomonas syringae infection.	pathogens target phytohormone signalling pathways to promote disease. plants deploy salicylic acid (sa)-mediated defences against biotrophs. pathogens antagonize sa immunity by activating jasmonate signalling, for example pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 produces coronatine (cor), a jasmonic acid (ja) mimic. this study found unexpected dynamics between sa, ja and cor and co-operation between jaz jasmonate repressor proteins during dc3000 infection. we used a systems-based approach involvin ...	2015	26428397
pbl13 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that negatively regulates arabidopsis immune responses.	receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (rlcks) are a subset of plant receptor-like kinases lacking both extracellular and transmembrane domains. some of the 46 members in the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) rlck subfamily vii have been linked to plant innate immunity; however, most remain uncharacterized. thus, multiple subfamily vii members are expected to be involved in plant immune signaling. here, we investigate the role of avrpphb susceptible1-like13 (pbl13), a subfamily vii rlck with unique ...	2015	26432875
drawing the line.	the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum is an agriculturally important pest of leguminous plants including peas and broad beans. the widespread use of chemical pesticides impacts heavily on the environment, and increases pesticide-resistant pea aphid populations, so alternative strategies are being actively sought. pseudomonas syringae bacteria are known to infect and kill the pea aphid, and offer a possible control strategy. in this study, the authors measured the effects of injecting p. syringae on ...	2015	26438421
bioactive secondary metabolites produced by the fungal endophytes of conifers.	this is a review of bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from conifer-associated endophytic fungi from 1990-2014. this includes compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity towards human cancer cell lines, and activity against either plant pathogens or plant insect pests. compounds that were originally reported without associated activity were included if other studies ascribed activity to these compounds. compounds were not included if they were ...	2015	26669101
over-expression of an s-domain receptor-like kinase extracellular domain improves panicle architecture and grain yield in rice.	the s-domain receptor kinase (srk) comprises a highly polymorphic subfamily of receptor-like kinases (rlks) originally found to be involved in the self-incompatibility response in brassica. although several members have been identified to play roles in developmental control and disease responses, the correlation between srks and yield components in rice is still unclear. the utility of transgenic expression of a dominant negative form of srk, oslsk1 (large spike s-domain receptor like kinase 1), ...	2015	26428067
mir-15b and mir-21 as circulating biomarkers for diagnosis of glioma.	malignant gliomas are lethal primary intracranial tumors. to date, little information on the role of deregulated genes in gliomas have been identified. as the involvement of mirnas in the carcinogenesis is well known, we carried out a pilot study to identify, as potential biomarkers, differentially expressed micrornas in blood samples of patients affected by glioma. we studied the mirnas' expression, by means of microarray and real-time pcr, in 30 blood samples from glioma patients and in 82 blo ...	2015	27047250
the engineered chloroplast genome just got smarter.	chloroplasts are known to sustain life on earth by providing food, fuel, and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. however, the chloroplast genome has also been smartly engineered to confer valuable agronomic traits and/or serve as bioreactors for the production of industrial enzymes, biopharmaceuticals, bioproducts, or vaccines. the recent breakthrough in hyperexpression of biopharmaceuticals in edible leaves has facilitated progression to clinical studies by major pharmaceutical compan ...	2015	26440432
molecular characterization of ljabcg1, an atp-binding cassette protein in lotus japonicus.	ljabcg1, a full-size abcg subfamily of atp-binding cassette proteins of a model legume, lotus japonicus, was reported as a gene highly expressed during the early stages of nodulation, but have not been characterized in detail. in this study we showed that the induction of ljabcg1 expression was remarkable by methyl jasmonate treatment, and reporter gene experiments indicated that ljabcg1 was strongly expressed in the nodule parenchyma and cell layers adjacent to the root vascular tissue toward t ...	2015	26418593
mini-tn7 vectors for stable expression of diguanylate cyclase pled* in gram-negative bacteria.	the cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) is currently considered an ubiquitous second messenger in bacteria that influences a wide range of cellular processes. one of the methodological approaches to unravel c-di-gmp regulatory networks involves raising the c-di-gmp intracellular levels, e.g. by expressing a diguanylate cyclase (dgc), to provoke phenotypic changes.	2015	26415513
high atmospheric carbon dioxide-dependent alleviation of salt stress is linked to respiratory burst oxidase 1 (rboh1)-dependent h2o2 production in tomato (solanum lycopersicum).	plants acclimate rapidly to stressful environmental conditions. increasing atmospheric co2 levels are predicted to influence tolerance to stresses such as soil salinity but the mechanisms are poorly understood. to resolve this issue, tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants were grown under ambient (380 μmol mol(-1)) or high (760 μmol mol(-1)) co2 in the absence or presence of sodium chloride (100mm). the higher atmospheric co2 level induced the expression of respiratory burst oxidase 1 (slrboh1) an ...	2015	26417022