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unlocking new alleles for leaf rust resistance in the vavilov wheat collection.thirteen potentially new leaf rust resistance loci were identified in a vavilov wheat diversity panel. we demonstrated the potential of allele stacking to strengthen resistance against this important pathogen. leaf rust (lr) caused by puccinia triticina is an important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and the deployment of genetically resistant cultivars is the most viable strategy to minimise yield losses. in this study, we evaluated a diversity panel of 295 bread wheat accessions from ...201828980023
physiological and biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings to three imidazolium-based ionic liquids in soil.ionic liquids (ils) are considered environmentally friendly solvents and are widely applied in various fields; however, some researchers have noted the toxicity of ils to plants cultivated in nutrient solution. to evaluate the toxicities of ils to wheat seedlings in soil, the natural growth environment of plants, a study was performed using three imidazolium-based ionic liquids with different anions: 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([c8mim]cl), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([c8mim]br ...201829031056
genetic diversity of avenin-like b genes in aegilops tauschii coss.avenin-like storage proteins influence the rheological properties and processing quality in common wheat, and the discovery of new alleles will benefit wheat quality improvement. in this study, 13 avenin-like b alleles (taalpb7d-a-m) were discovered in 108 aegilops tauschii coss. accessions. ten alleles were reported for the first time, while the remaining three alleles were the same as alleles in other species. a total of 15 nucleotide changes were detected in the 13 alleles, resulting in only ...201829030762
single nucleotide polymorphisms in b-genome specific udp-glucosyl transferases associated with fusarium head blight resistance and reduced deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat grain.an in vitro spike culture method was optimized to evaluate fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) and used to screen a population of ethyl methane sulfonate treated spike culture-derived variants (scdv). of the 134 scdv evaluated, the disease severity score of 47 of the variants was ≤30%. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) in the udp-glucosyltransferase (ugt) genes, taugt-2b, taugt-3b, and taugt-est, differed between ac nanda (an fhb-susceptible wheat variety) and ...201829063821
improving the baking quality of bread wheat by genomic selection in early generations.genomic selection shows great promise for pre-selecting lines with superior bread baking quality in early generations, 3 years ahead of labour-intensive, time-consuming, and costly quality analysis. the genetic improvement of baking quality is one of the grand challenges in wheat breeding as the assessment of the associated traits often involves time-consuming, labour-intensive, and costly testing forcing breeders to postpone sophisticated quality tests to the very last phases of variety develop ...201829063161
identification of heterotrophic zinc mobilization processes among bacterial strains isolated from wheat rhizosphere (triticum aestivum l.).soil and plant inoculation with heterotrophic zinc-solubilizing bacteria (zsb) is considered a promising approach for increasing zinc (zn) phytoavailability and enhancing crop growth and nutritional quality. nevertheless, it is necessary to understand the underlying bacterial solubilization processes to predict their repeatability in inoculation strategies. acidification via gluconic acid production remains the most reported process. in this study, wheat rhizosphere soil serial dilutions were pl ...201829079619
genetic mapping reveals a dominant awn-inhibiting gene related to differentiation of the variety anathera in the wild diploid wheat aegilops tauschii.aegilops tauschii, a wild wheat relative, is the d-genome donor of common wheat. subspecies and varieties of ae. tauschii are traditionally classified based on differences in their inflorescence architecture. however, the genetic information for their diversification has been quite limited in the wild wheat relatives. the variety anathera has no awn on the lemma, but the genetic basis for this diagnostic character is unknown. wide variations in awn length traits at the top and middle spikes were ...201829101627
stable isotope evidences for identifying crop water uptake in a typical winter wheat-summer maize rotation field in the north china plain.better managing agricultural water resources, which are increasingly stressed by climate change and anthropogenic activities, is difficult, particularly because of variations in water uptake patterns associated with crop type and growth stage. thus, the stable isotopes δ18o and δ2h were employed to investigate the water uptake patterns of a summer maize (zea mays l.) and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) rotation system in the north china plain. based on the soil water content, soil layers wer ...201829128762
unlocking the diversity of genebanks: whole-genome marker analysis of swiss bread wheat and spelt.high-throughput genotyping of swiss bread wheat and spelt accessions revealed differences in their gene pools and identified bread wheat landraces that were not used in breeding. genebanks play a pivotal role in preserving the genetic diversity present among old landraces and wild progenitors of modern crops and they represent sources of agriculturally important genes that were lost during domestication and in modern breeding. however, undesirable genes that negatively affect crop performance ar ...201829103142
development of a complete set of wheat-barley group-7 robertsonian translocation chromosomes conferring an increased content of β-glucan.a complete set of six compensating robertsonian translocation chromosomes involving barley chromosome 7h and three chromosomes of hexaploid wheat was produced. grain β-glucan content increased in lines containing 7hl. many valuable genes for agronomic performance, disease resistance and increased yield have been transferred from relative species to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) through whole-arm robertsonian translocations (robt). although of a great value, the sets of available translocations fr ...201829124282
signaling molecule methylglyoxal ameliorates cadmium injury in wheat (triticum aestivum l) by a coordinated induction of glutathione pool and glyoxalase system.methylglyoxal (mg) now is found to be an emerging signaling molecule. it can relieve the toxicity of cadmium (cd), however its alleviating mechanism still remains unknown. in this study, compared with the cd-stressed seedlings without mg treatment, mg treatment could stimulate the activities of glutathione reductase (gr) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ecs) in cd-stressed wheat seedlings, which in turn induced an increase of reduced glutathione (gsh). adversely, the activated enzymes re ...201829154133
a model of leaf coordination to scale-up leaf expansion from the organ to the canopy.process-based crop growth models are popular tools with which to analyze and understand the impact of crop management, genotype-by-environment interactions, or climate change. the ability to predict leaf area development is critical to predict crop growth, particularly under conditions of limited resources. here, we aimed at deciphering growth coordination rules between wheat (triticum aestivum) plant organs (i.e. between leaves within a stem, between laminae and sheaths, and between the mainste ...201829142024
genome-wide analysis of a recently active retrotransposon, au sine, in wheat: content, distribution within subgenomes and chromosomes, and gene associations.here, we show that au sine elements have strong associations with protein-coding genes in wheat. most importantly au sine insertion within introns causes allelic variation and might induce intron retention. the impact of transposable elements (tes) on genome structure and function is intensively studied in eukaryotes, especially in plants where tes can reach up to 90% of the genome in some cases, such as in wheat. here, we have performed a genome-wide in-silico analysis using the updated publicl ...201829164313
saline soil properties, quality and productivity of wheat grown with bagasse ash and thiourea in different climatic zones.soil salinity and atmosphere temperature change have negative impacts on crop productivity and its quality and can pose a significant risk to soil properties in semi-arid regions. we conducted two field experiments in north (first zone) and south (second zone) of egypt to investigate the effects of soil bagasse ash (10 ton ha-1), foliar thiourea (240 g ha-1) and their combination in comparison to the control treatment on saline soil properties and productivity and quality traits of wheat. all st ...201829169129
suppression of wheat tacdk8/tawin1 interaction negatively affects germination of blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici by interfering with very-long-chain aldehyde biosynthesis.wheat tacdk8 interacts with tawin1 to regulate very-long-chain aldehyde biosynthesis required for efficient germination of blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (bgt) is a devastating disease of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). bgt infection initiates with its conidia germination on the aerial surface of wheat. in this study, we isolated the cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (tacdk8) from wheat cultivar jing411 and found that silencing of tacdk8 im ...201829197938
virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) in aegilops tauschii and its use in functional analysis of aetdreb2.among the available reverse genetic approaches for studying gene function, virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) has several advantages. it allows rapid characterization of gene function independent of stable transformation, which is basically difficult to achieve in monocots, and offers the potential to silence individual or multiple genes of a gene family. in order to establish a vigs system in aegilops tauschii, modified vectors derived from barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) were used for silen ...201829196985
differentiation of modern and ancient varieties of common wheat by quantitative capillary electrophoretic profile of phenolic acids.phenolic compounds have received great attention among the health promoting phytochemicals in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), mainly because of their strong antioxidant properties. in the present study a simple capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) method with uv detection was optimized and validated for the quantitation of six of the most important phenolic acids in whole grain i.e., sinapic, ferulic, syringic, p-coumaric, vanillic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. the separation was achieved in a ...201829195662
the sensitivity of soil enzymes, microorganisms and spring wheat to soil contamination with carfentrazone-ethyl.herbicides pose a significant threat to the natural environment, in particular in soils that are most exposed to plant protection agents. prolonged herbicide use leads to changes in soil metabolism and decreases soil productive potential. in this study, the influence of carfentrazone-ethyl (ce) on the microbiological and biochemical properties of soil and the yield of triticum aestivum l. was evaluated. carfentrazone-ethyl was applied to sandy loam (phkcl - 7.0) in doses of 0.000, 0.264, 5.280, ...201829172968
unfertilized ovary pushes wheat flower open for cross-pollination.bread wheat is strongly autogamous; however, an opportunity for outcrossing occurs when self-pollination fails and florets open. the first phase of floret opening at anthesis is short and induced by lodicule turgidity. some wheat florets re-open post-anthesis for several days, known as the 'second opening', for which the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. we performed detailed physiological, anatomical, and histological investigations to understand the biological basis of the flower open ...201829202197
dataset of the hox1 gene sequences of the wheat polyploids and their diploid relatives.the tahox-1 gene of common wheat triticum aestivum l. (bad-genome) encodes transcription factor (hd-zip i) which is characterized by the presence of a dna-binding homeodomain (hd) with an adjacent leucine zipper (lz) motif. this gene can play a role in adapting plant to a variety of abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold, salinity etc., which strongly affect wheat production. however, it's both functional role in stress resistance and divergence during wheat evolution has not yet been elucidate ...201829201982
à côté calibration - making optimal use of time and space in quantitative high performance thin layer chromatography.quantitative high performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc) requires the application of several standards to each plate, reducing the number of actual samples that can be analyzed in a single run. using pure standard compounds and a selective detection method, the standards for quantitation can be applied besides - à côté - the chromatography area. this frees the sample application space to accommodate the maximal number of sample on each plate. also, analysis time is spent exclusively on sa ...201829249535
smoke produced from plants waste material elicits growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by improving morphological, physiological and biochemical activity.the experimental work presented in this study was carried out with the hypothesis that plant derived smoke enhanced the morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of a cereal crop, wheat (triticum aestivum l.). furthermore, this study supported the hypothesis that plant derived smoke acts as vegetative growth promoter, inexpensive, rapid and most appropriate eco-friendly bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. plant derived smoke was generated by burning of plant material (leaf, ...201829270367
developmental responses of bread wheat to changes in ambient temperature following deletion of a locus that includes flowering locus t1.flowering locus t (ft) is a central integrator of environmental signals that regulates the timing of vegetative to reproductive transition in flowering plants. in model plants, these environmental signals have been shown to include photoperiod, vernalization and ambient temperature pathways, whilst in crop species the integration of the ambient temperature pathway remains less well understood. in hexaploid wheat, at least 5 ft-like genes have been identified, each with a copy on the a, b and d g ...201829314053
different biotransformation behaviors of perfluorooctane sulfonamide in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) from earthworms (eisenia fetida).perfluorooctane sulfonamide (pfosa) is a precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (pfos) and can be broken down to pfos in environment and biota. in the present work, pfosa was spiked in soil and its biodegradation in soil, uptake and metabolism in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and earthworms (eisenia fetida) were investigated. the results indicated that pfosa could be biodegraded to highly stable pfos, which has the same perfluorinated carbon chain length as pfosa, by microbes in soil. pfosa c ...201829275108
fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotyping reveals the presence of two distinct genomes in the taxon aegilops tauschii.aegilops tauschii is the donor of the bread wheat d genome. based on spike morphology, the taxon has conventionally been subdivided into ssp. tauschii and ssp. strangulata. the present study was intended to address the poor match between this whole plant morphology-based subdivision and genetic relationships inferred from genotyping by fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotyping a set of 31 ae. tauschii accessions.201829291709
functional and dna-protein binding studies of wrky transcription factors and their expression analysis in response to biotic and abiotic stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).wrky, a plant-specific transcription factor family, plays vital roles in pathogen defense, abiotic stress, and phytohormone signalling. little is known about the roles and function of wrky transcription factors in response to rust diseases in wheat. in the present study, three tawrky genes encoding complete protein sequences were cloned. they belonged to class ii and iii wrky based on the number of wrky domains and the pattern of zinc finger structures. twenty-two dna-protein binding docking com ...201829291153
hyperspectral reflectance as a tool to measure biochemical and physiological traits in wheat.improving photosynthesis to raise wheat yield potential has emerged as a major target for wheat physiologists. photosynthesis-related traits, such as nitrogen per unit leaf area (narea) and leaf dry mass per area (lma), require laborious, destructive, laboratory-based methods, while physiological traits underpinning photosynthetic capacity, such as maximum rubisco activity normalized to 25 °c (vcmax25) and electron transport rate (j), require time-consuming gas exchange measurements. the aim of ...201829309611
chemical hybridizing agent sq-1-induced male sterility in triticum aestivum l.: a comparative analysis of the anther proteome.heterosis is widely used to increase the yield of many crops. however, as wheat is a self-pollinating crop, hybrid breeding is not so successful in this organism. even though male sterility induced by chemical hybridizing agents is an important aspect of crossbreeding, the mechanisms by which these agents induce male sterility in wheat is not well understood.201829304738
a purified, fermented, extract of triticum aestivum has lymphomacidal activity mediated via natural killer cell activation.non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) affects over 400,000 people in the united states; its incidence increases with age. treatment options are numerous and expanding, yet efficacy is often limited by toxicity, particularly in the elderly. nearly 70% patients eventually die of the disease. many patients explore less toxic alternative therapeutics proposed to boost anti-tumor immunity, despite a paucity of rigorous scientific data. here we evaluate the lymphomacidal and immunomodulatory activities of a prot ...201829304125
how exogenous nitric oxide regulates nitrogen assimilation in wheat seedlings under different nitrogen sources and levels.nitrogen (n) is one of the most important nutrients for plants and nitric oxide (no) as a signaling plant growth regulator involved in nitrogen assimilation. understanding the influence of exogenous no on nitrogen metabolism at the gene expression and enzyme activity levels under different sources of nitrogen is vitally important for increasing nitrogen use efficiency (nue). this study investigated the expression of key genes and enzymes in relation to nitrogen assimilation in two australian whe ...201829320529
protein association of β-n-methylamino-l-alanine in triticum aestivum via irrigation.bioaccumulation of several cyanotoxins has been observed in numerous food webs. more recently, the neurotoxic, non-proteinogenic amino acid β-n-methylamino-l-alanine (bmaa) was shown to biomagnify in marine food webs. it was thus necessary to assess whether a human exposure risk via a terrestrial food source could exist. as shown for other cyanotoxins, spray irrigation of crop plants with cyanobacterial bloom-contaminated surface water poses the risk of toxin transfer into edible plant parts. th ...201829324084
antidepressant-like effects of gan-mai-dazao-tang via monoamine regulatory pathways on forced swimming test in rats.depression is a highly prevalent and recurrent mental disorder that impacts all aspects of human life. undesirable effects of the antidepressant drugs led to the development of complementary and alternative therapies. gan-mai-da-zao-tang (, gān mài dà zǎo tang) is a traditional herbal formula commonly used for the treatment of depression, but lack of scientific proof on its mechanism. it consisted of glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch. (licorice), triticum aestivum l. (wheat) and zizphus jujuba mill. ( ...201829321989
pleiotropic effects of the wheat domestication gene q on yield and grain morphology.transformation from q to q during wheat domestication functioned outside the boundary of threshability to increase yield, grains m-2, grain weight and roundness, but to reduce grains per spike/spikelet. mutation of the q gene, well-known affecting wheat spike structure, represents a key domestication step in the formation of today's free-threshing, economically important wheats. in a previous study, multiple yield components and spike characteristics were associated with the q gene interval in t ...201829353419
identification and validation of a new source of low grain cadmium accumulation in durum wheat.cadmium (cd) is a heavy metal that has no known biological function and is toxic for many living organisms. the maximum level of cd concentration allowed in the international market for wheat grain is 0.2 mg kg-1. because phenotyping for cd uptake is expensive and time consuming, molecular markers associated with genes conferring low cd uptake would expedite selection and lead to the development of durum cultivars with reduced cd concentrations. here, we identified single nucleotide polymorphism ...201829352079
overexpression of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) bzip transcription factor gene, tabzip6, decreased the freezing tolerance of transgenic arabidopsis seedlings by down-regulating the expression of cbfs.the basic leucine zipper (bzip) proteins play important roles against abiotic stress in plants, including cold stress. however, most bzips involved in plant freezing tolerance are positive regulators. only a few bzips function negatively in cold stress response. in this study, tabzip6, a group c bzip transcription factor gene from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), was cloned and characterized. the transcript of tabzip6 was strongly induced by cold treatment (4 °c). tabzip6 is a nuclear-locali ...201829351891
genotypic effects on sugar and by-products of liquid hydrolysates and on saccharification of acid-insoluble residues of from wheat straw.wheat straw is one of the major attractive resources for low-cost raw materials for renewable energy, biofuels and biochemicals. however, like other sources of lignocellulosic biomass, straw is a heterogeneous material due to its mixed origin from different tissue and cell types. here, to examine the genotypic effects on biorefinery usage of wheat straw, straw obtained from different wheat cultivars and experimental lines was pretreated with dilute acid. significant differences between cultivars ...201829343667
can spelt wheat be used as heterotic group for hybrid wheat breeding?spelt wheat is a distinct genetic group to elite bread wheat, but heterosis for yield and protein quality is too low for spelt to be recommended as heterotic group for hybrid breeding in wheat. the feasibility to switch from line to hybrid breeding is currently a hot topic in the wheat community. one limitation seems to be the lack of divergent heterotic groups within wheat adapted to a certain region. spelt wheat is a hexaploid wheat that can easily be crossed with bread wheat and that forms a ...201829340753
correction to: improving the baking quality of bread wheat by genomic selection in early generations.unfortunately, the co-author, dr. güngör was missed out in the authorship of original publication by mistake and it is updated now.201829340751
genome wide identification of wheat and brachypodium type one protein phosphatases and functional characterization of durum wheat tdpp1a.reversible phosphorylation is an essential mechanism regulating signal transduction during development and environmental stress responses. an important number of dephosphorylation events in the cell are catalyzed by type one protein phosphatases (pp1), which catalytic activity is driven by the binding of regulatory proteins that control their substrate specificity or subcellular localization. plants harbor several pp1 isoforms accounting for large functional redundancies. while animal pp1s were ...201829338035
modulation of nonessential amino acid biosynthetic pathways in virulent hessian fly larvae (mayetiola destructor), feeding on susceptible host wheat (triticum aestivum).compatible interactions between wheat (triticum aestivum), and its dipteran pest hessian fly (hf, mayetiola destructor) result in successful establishment of larval feeding sites rendering the host plant susceptible. virulent larvae employ an effector-based feeding strategy to reprogram the host physiology resulting in formation of a protein- and sugar-rich nutritive tissue beneficial to developing larvae. previous studies documented increased levels of nonessential amino acids (naa; that need n ...201829336997
quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis of root traits under phosphorus deficiency at the seedling stage in wheat.deficiency of available phosphorus (p) in soil limits wheat production and creates a need to develop p-deficiency-tolerant cultivars. plant roots, important organs for absorbing nutrients and synthesizing growth regulators, are good candidates for p-efficiency screening. in this study, we evaluated five root traits under hydroponic culture conditions either with (ap) or without (np) applied p in a recombinant inbred line population h461/cm107 of <i>triticum aestivum </i>l. at the seedling stage. ...201829373804
tissue-specific changes in apoplastic proteins and cell wall structure during cold acclimation of winter wheat crowns.the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crown is the critical organ of low temperature stress survival over winter. in cold-acclimated crowns, ice formation in the apoplast causes severe tissue disruption as it grows at the expense of intracellular water. while previous crown studies have shown the vascular transition zone (vtz) to have a higher freezing sensitivity than the shoot apical meristem (sam), the mechanism behind the differential freezing response is not fully understood. cooling cold-acclim ...201829373702
cloning and characterization of a specific udp-glycosyltransferase gene induced by don and fusarium graminearum.taugt5: can reduce the proliferation and destruction of f. graminearum and enhance the ability of fhb resistance in wheat. deoxynivalenol (don) is one of the most important toxins produced by fusarium species that enhances the spread of the pathogen in the host. as a defense, the udp-glycosyltransferase (ugt) family has been deduced to transform don into the less toxic form don-3-o-glucoside (d3g), but the specific gene member in wheat that is responsible for fusarium head blight (fhb) resistanc ...201829372381
gc-ms metabolomics to evaluate the composition of plant cuticular waxes for four triticum aestivum cultivars.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an important food crop, and biotic and abiotic stresses significantly impact grain yield. wheat leaf and stem surface waxes are associated with traits of biological importance, including stress resistance. past studies have characterized the composition of wheat cuticular waxes, however protocols can be relatively low-throughput and narrow in the range of metabolites detected. here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) metabolomics methods were utilized to ...201829360745
qtl mapping of flag leaf-related traits in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).qtl controlling flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf area and flag leaf angle were mapped in wheat. this study aimed to advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying morphological traits of the flag leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from nd3331 and the tibetan semi-wild wheat zang1817 was used to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling flag leaf length (fll), flag leaf width (flw), flag leaf area (fla), ...201829359263
an overexpressed q allele leads to increased spike density and improved processing quality in common wheat ( triticum aestivum ).spike density and processing quality are important traits in the modern wheat production that is controlled by multiple gene loci. the associated genes have been intensively studied and new discoveries have been constantly reported during the past few decades. however, no gene playing significant roles in the development of these two traits was identified. in the current study, a common wheat mutant with extremely compact spikes and good processing quality was isolated and characterized. a new a ...201829358231
dissection of the multigenic wheat stem rust resistance present in the montenegrin spring wheat accession pi 362698.research to identify and characterize stem rust resistance genes in common wheat, triticum aestivum, has been stimulated by the emergence of ug99-lineage races of the wheat stem rust pathogen, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt), in eastern africa. the montenegrin spring wheat landrace pi 362698 was identified as a source of pgt resistance. this accession exhibits resistance to multiple ug99-lineage and north american pgt races at seedling and adult-plant stages. a recombinant inbred populati ...201829357813
development of thinopyrum ponticum-specific molecular markers and fish probes based on slaf-seq technology.based on slaf-seq, 67 thinopyrum ponticum-specific markers and eight th. ponticum-specific fish probes were developed, and these markers and probes could be used for detection of alien chromatin in a wheat background. decaploid thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 10x = 70) is a valuable gene reservoir for wheat improvement. identification of th. ponticum introgression would facilitate its transfer into diverse wheat genetic backgrounds and its practical utilization in wheat improvement. based on specific- ...201829356894
proteomic analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and relationship with their genes in a common wheat variety.although many studies on low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) function have been reported, a comprehensive comparison between specific genes and their protein product is still lacking. this study aimed to link the 43 genes isolated from the korean wheat variety "jokyoung" in the authors' previous study to their protein products. proteins were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-dge) and identified by tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) at the gene haplotype level. using ...201829354367
impact of conventional and integrated management systems on the water-soluble vitamin content in potatoes, field beans, and cereals.the reduction of the environmental footprint of crop production without compromising crop yield and their nutritional value is a key goal for improving the sustainability of agriculture. in 2009, the balruddery farm platform was established at the james hutton institute as a long-term experimental platform for cross-disciplinary research of crops using two agricultural ecosystems. crops representative of uk agriculture were grown under conventional and integrated management systems and analyzed ...201829257861
evolution of the spx gene family in plants and its role in the response mechanism to phosphorus stress.molecular and genomic studies have shown the presence of a large number of spx gene family members in plants, some of which have been proved to act in p signalling and homeostasis. in this study, the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of the spx gene family in plants were comprehensively analysed, and the mechanisms underlying the function of spx genes in p signalling and homeostasis in the model plant species arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa), and in important c ...201829298909
speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding.the growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand 1 . this slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. here, we present a method called 'speed breeding', which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generatio ...201829292376
uptake, translocation and biotransformation of n-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide (n-etfosa) by hydroponically grown plants.n-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (n-etfosa) is an important perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) precursor (prefos) which is used in sulfluramid. the present work studied the uptake, translocation and metabolism of n-etfosa in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), soybean (glycine max l. merrill) and pumpkin (cucurbita maxima l.) by hydroponic exposure. except for parent n-etfosa, its metabolites of perfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (fosaa), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (pfosa), pfos, perfluorohexane sul ...201829306808
regulation of sucrose transporters and phloem loading in response to environmental cues.suc transporters (suts) play a key role in the allocation and partitioning of photosynthetically fixed carbon in plants. while a function could be assigned to many members of the sut family, almost no information is available on their regulation. here, the transcriptional regulation of suts in response to various environmental stimuli in the leaves of five dicots (arabidopsis [arabidopsis thaliana], soybean [glycine max], potato [solanum tuberosum], tomato [solanumlycopersicum], and poplar [popu ...201829158330
relay cropping of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) improves the profitability of cotton-wheat cropping system in punjab, pakistan.delayed sowing of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in cotton-based system reduces the productivity and profitability of the cotton-wheat cropping system. in this scenario, relay cropping of wheat in standing cotton might be a viable option to ensure the timely wheat sowing with simultaneous improvement in wheat yields and system profitability. this 2-year study (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) aimed to evaluate the influence of sowing dates and relay cropping combined with different management techniques o ...201829063403
differential sensitivity of light-harnessing photosynthetic events in wheat and sunflower to exogenously applied ionic and nanoparticulate silver.potential impacts of inevitable leaks of silver nanoparticles (agnps) into environment on human beings need attention. owing to the vitality of photosynthesis in maintaining life and ecosystem functioning, impacts of exogenously applied nanoparticulate and ag+ on photosystem (ps)ii function, which governs overall photosynthesis, in wheat and sunflower were evaluated. psii efficiency and related chl a fluorescence kinetics of these two plants remained unaffected by agnps. however, ag+ caused a si ...201829220750
heat shock factor c2a serves as a proactive mechanism for heat protection in developing grains in wheat via an aba-mediated regulatory pathway.high temperature at grain filling can severely reduce wheat yield. heat shock factors (hsfs) are central regulators in heat acclimation. this study investigated the role of tahsfc2a, a member of the monocot-specific hsfc2 subclass, in the regulation of heat protection genes in triticum aestivum. three tahsfc2a homoeologous genes were highly expressed in wheat grains during grain filling and showed only transient up-regulation in the leaves by heat stress but were markedly up-regulated by drought ...201828370204
nitrate accumulation and leaching potential reduced by coupled water and nitrogen management in the huang-huai-hai plain.irrigation and nitrogen (n) fertilization in excess of crop requirements are responsible for substantial nitrate accumulation in the soil profile and contamination of groundwater by nitrate leaching during intensive agricultural production. in this on-farm field trial, we compared 16 different water and n treatments on nitrate accumulation and its distribution in the soil profile (0-180cm), nitrate leaching potential, and groundwater nitrate concentration within a summer-maize (zea mays l.) and ...201828847090
development of a set of pcr markers specific to aegilops longissima chromosome arms and application in breeding a translocation line.transcriptome data were used to develop 134 aegilops longissima specific pcr markers and their comparative maps were constructed by contrasting with the homologous genes in the wheat b genome. three wheat- ae. longissima 1bl·1s l s translocation lines were identified using the correspondence markers. aegilops longissima is an important wild species of common wheat that harbors many genes that can be used to improve various traits of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). to efficiently transfer th ...201828887628
the effect of imidazolium based ionic liquids on wheat and barley germination and growth: influence of length and oxygen functionalization of alkyl side chain.in this work five different imidazolium based ionic liquids, namely: 1-(2-oxybutyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [c2oc2mim][cl]; 1-(2-oxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [c1oc2mim][cl]; 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-ethylimidazolium chloride, [ohc3eim][cl]; 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [ohc3mim][cl]; 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [ohc2mim][cl], together with commercial 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [bmim][cl] and synthesized protic imidazolium chlori ...201828888123
high-density genotyping of the a.e. watkins collection of hexaploid landraces identifies a large molecular diversity compared to elite bread wheat.the importance of wheat as a food crop makes it a major target for agricultural improvements. as one of the most widely grown cereal grains, together with maize and rice, wheat is the leading provider of calories in the global diet, constituting 29% of global cereal production in 2015. in the last few decades, however, yields have plateaued, suggesting that the green revolution, at least for wheat, might have run its course and that new sources of genetic variation are urgently required. the ove ...201828500796
influential disease foci in epidemics and underlying mechanisms: a field experiment and simulations.pathogen invasions pose a growing threat to ecosystem stability and public health. guidelines for the timing and spatial extent of control measures for pathogen invasions are currently limited, however. we conducted a field experiment using wheat (triticum aestivum) stripe rust, caused by the wind-dispersed fungus puccinia striiformis, to study the extent to which host heterogeneity in an initial outbreak focus influences subsequent disease spread. we varied the frequency of susceptible host pla ...201829210243
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