Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| uptake, translocation and metabolism of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) in seven aquatic plants. | terrestrial plant uptake of pbdes from contaminated soils has been widely reported recently. in this study the fate of deca-bde within a plant/pbdes/aquatic environment system was investigated through simulated pot experiments. accumulations of the total pbdes and deca-bde were observed in tissues of seven test aquatic plant species, namely phragmites australis, cyperus papyrus, alternanthera philoxeroides, colocasia esculenta, scirpus validus, acorus calamus and oryza sativa. in all seven plant ... | 2016 | 26994429 |
| functional study of a salt-inducible tasr gene in triticum aestivum. | the gene expression chip of a salt-tolerant wheat mutant under salt stress was used to clone a salt-induced gene with unknown functions. this gene was designated as tasr (triticum aestivum salt-response gene) and submitted to genbank under accession number ef580107. quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis showed that gene expression was induced by salt stress. arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa) plants expressing tasr presented higher salt tolerance than the controls, whereas atsr ... | 2016 | 25855206 |
| transcription factor wrky62 plays a role in pathogen defense and hypoxia-responsive gene expression in rice. | wrky62 is a transcriptional repressor regulated downstream of wrky45, a central transcription factor of the salicylic acid signaling pathway in rice. previously, wrky62 was reported to regulate defense negatively. however, our expressional analysis using wrky62-knockdown rice indicated that wrky62 positively regulates defense genes, including diterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthetic genes and their transcriptional regulator dpf. blast and leaf blight resistance tests also showed that wrky62 is a pos ... | 2016 | 27837098 |
| identification of structural elements involved in fine-tuning of the transport activity of the rice ammonium transporter osamt1;3. | ammonium transporters (amts) are major routes for plant uptake of the nh4(+)-form nitrogen. plant amts mediate predominantly the uptake of nh4(+) and to a lesser extent, its organic analog methylammonium (mea(+)). mutagenesis studies on potential phosphorylation residues have achieved solid recognition that alteration of the phosphorylation status can result in allosteric regulation and impair the functionality of plant amts. however, molecular insights to the fine-tuning of a functional ammoniu ... | 2016 | 27423220 |
| histone modifications facilitate the coexpression of bidirectional promoters in rice. | bidirectional gene pairs are highly abundant and mostly co-regulated in eukaryotic genomes. the structural features of bidirectional promoters (bdps) have been well studied in yeast, humans and plants. however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the coexpression of bdps remain understudied, especially in plants. | 2016 | 27716056 |
| the role of osmsh4 in male and female gamete development in rice meiosis. | meiosis is essential for gametogenesis in sexual reproduction in rice (oryza sativa l.). we identified a muts-homolog (msh) family gene osmsh4 in a trisomic plant. cytological analysis showed that developments of both pollen and embryo sacs in an osmsh4 mutant were blocked due to defective chromosome pairing. compared with the wild type, the osmsh4 mutant displayed a significant ~21.9% reduction in chiasma frequency, which followed a poisson distribution, suggesting that class i crossover format ... | 2016 | 26712826 |
| distribution of hwc2-1, a causal gene of a hybrid weakness, in the world rice core collection and the japanese rice mini core collection: its implications for varietal differentiation and artificial selection. | a pair of complementary genes, hwc1-1 at hwc1 locus and hwc2-1 at hwc2 locus, cause a weakness phenomenon in rice. for this study, we performed haplotype analysis around the hwc2 locus in two core collections comprising 119 accessions. we also examined reactions to phenol and xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) japanese race i. to elucidate the genetic relations among all accessions, we analyzed their banding patterns of 40 indel markers covering the rice genome. the classification by indel mark ... | 2016 | 28163594 |
| the germin-like protein osglp2-1 enhances resistance to fungal blast and bacterial blight in rice. | this is the first report that glp gene (osglp2-1) is involved in panicle blast and bacterial blight resistance in rice. in addition to its resistance to blast and bacterial blight, osglp2-1 has also been reported to co-localize with a qtls for sheath blight resistance in rice. these suggest that the disease resistance provided by osglp2-1 is quantitative and broad spectrum. its good resistance to these major diseases in rice makes it to be a promising target in rice breeding. rice (oryza sativa) ... | 2016 | 27631432 |
| ectopic activation of the rice nlr heteropair rga4/rga5 confers resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak diseases. | bacterial blight (bb) and bacterial leaf streak (bls) are important diseases in oryza sativa caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) and xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc), respectively. in both bacteria, transcription activator-like (tal) effectors are major virulence determinants that act by transactivating host genes downstream of effector-binding elements (ebes) bound in a sequence-specific manner. resistance to xoo is mostly related to the action of tal effectors, either by polymo ... | 2016 | 27289079 |
| overexpression of osmyc2 results in the up-regulation of early ja-rresponsive genes and bacterial blight resistance in rice. | jasmonate zim-domain (jaz) proteins act as transcriptional repressors of jasmonic acid (ja) responses and play a crucial role in the regulation of host immunity in plants. here, we report that osmyc2, a jaz-interacting transcription factor in rice (oryza sativa l.), plays an important role in the resistance response against rice bacterial blight, which is one of the most serious diseases in rice, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). the results showed that osmyc2 interacted with some o ... | 2016 | 27335352 |
| oswrky51, a rice transcription factor, functions as a positive regulator in defense response against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | oswrky51 functions as a positive transcriptional regulator in defense signaling against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by direct dna binding to the promoter of defense related gene, ospr10a. oswrky51 in rice (oryza sativa l.) is induced by exogenous salicylic acid (sa) and inoculation with xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). to examine the role of oswrky51 in the defense response of rice, we generated oswrky51 overexpressing and underexpressing transgenic rice plants. oswrky51-overexpressing tra ... | 2016 | 27300023 |
| a resistance locus in the american heirloom rice variety carolina gold select is triggered by tal effectors with diverse predicted targets and is effective against african strains of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. | the rice pathogens xanthomonas oryzae pathovar (pv.) oryzae and pv. oryzicola produce numerous transcription activator-like (tal) effectors that increase bacterial virulence by activating expression of host susceptibility genes. rice resistance mechanisms against tal effectors include polymorphisms that prevent effector binding to susceptibility gene promoters, or that allow effector activation of resistance genes. this study identifies, in the heirloom variety carolina gold select, a third mech ... | 2016 | 27197779 |
| co-transformation of canola by chimeric chitinase and tlp genes towards improving resistance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | canola (brassica napus) plants were co-transformed with two pathogenesis-related protein genes expressing a trichoderma atroviride chitinase with a chitin-binding domain (chimeric chitinase) and a thaumatin-like protein (tlp) from oryza sativa conferring resistance to phytopatogenic fungi by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the putative transgenic plants were confirmed by pcr. after measuring the specific activity of the chimeric chitinase and glucanase activity for tlp genes, transgenic p ... | 2016 | 27430511 |
| morphological and molecular characterization, sexual reproduction, and pathogenicity of setosphaeria rostrata isolates from rice leaf spot. | setosphaeria rostrata, a common plant pathogen causing leaf spot disease, affects a wide range of plant species, mainly grasses. fungi were isolated from brown spots on rice leaves throughout peninsular malaysia, and 45 isolates were identified as setosphaeria rostrata the isolates were then characterized using morphological and molecular approaches. the mating type was determined using pcr amplification of the mating type alleles, and isolates of opposite mating types were crossed to examine se ... | 2016 | 27474518 |
| development of methodologies for virus detection in soybean and wheat seeds. | seeds that contain large amounts of oil, starch, fibers and phenols are the most difficult tissues for rna extraction. currently, there are some reports of virus detection in seeds using commercial kits for rna extraction. however, individual seeds were used, which may not be always suitable for analyses that deal with large amounts of seeds. sangha [1] described a simple, quick and efficient protocol for rna extraction and downstream applications in a group of seeds of jatropha (jatropha curcas ... | 2016 | 27408831 |
| assessing the bioremediation potential of arsenic tolerant bacterial strains in rice rhizosphere interface. | the arsenic tolerant bacterial strains staphylococcus arlettae (nbrieag-6), staphylococcus sp. (nbrieag-8) and brevibacillus sp. (nbrieag-9) were tested for their roles in enhancing plant growth and induction of stress-related enzymes in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ndr-359) plants at two different concentrations, 30 and 15mg/kg of as(v) and as(iii), respectively. an experiment was conducted to test the effect of these strains on plant growth promotion and arsenic uptake. we found 30%-40% reduction ... | 2016 | 27745656 |
| the ring finger ubiquitin e3 ligase oshtas enhances heat tolerance by promoting h2o2-induced stomatal closure in rice. | heat stress often results in the generation of reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, which plays a vital role as a secondary messenger in the process of abscisic acid (aba)-mediated stomatal closure. here, we characterized the rice (oryza sativa) heat tolerance at seedling stage (oshtas) gene, which plays a positive role in heat tolerance at the seedling stage. oshtas encodes a ubiquitin ligase localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. oshtas expression was detected in all tissues su ... | 2016 | 26564152 |
| effect of alanine, leucine, and arginine substitution on antimicrobial activity against candida albicans and action mechanism of a cationic octadecapeptide derived from α-amylase of rice. | amyi-1-18, an antimicrobial peptide, is a cationic α-helical octadecapeptide derived from α-amylase of rice (oryza sativa l. japonica) that contains four cationic amino acid residues (two arginines and two lysines). to enhance the antifungal activity of amyi-1-18 against candida albicans, 11 analogs bearing substitutions with alanine, leucine, and/or arginine, which were designed on the basis of the helical wheel projection of amyi-1-18, were synthesized, and their antifungal activity was invest ... | 2016 | 26850838 |
| brevundimonas diminuta mediated alleviation of arsenic toxicity and plant growth promotion in oryza sativa l. | arsenic (as), a toxic metalloid adversely affects plant growth in polluted areas. in the present study, we investigated the possibility of improving phytostablization of arsenic through application of new isolated strain brevundimonas diminuta (nbri012) in rice plant [oryza sativa (l.) var. sarju 52] at two different concentrations [10ppm (low toxic) and 50ppm (high toxic)] of as. the plant growth promoting traits of bacterial strains revealed the inherent ability of siderophores, phosphate solu ... | 2016 | 26650422 |
| direct detection of the plant pathogens burkholderia glumae, burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli, and erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae in infected rice seedlings using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | the plant pathogens burkholderia glumae, burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli, and erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae were directly detected in extracts from infected rice seedlings by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). this method did not require culturing of the pathogens on artificial medium. in the maldi-tof ms analysis, peaks originating from bacteria were found in extracts from infected rice seedlings. the spectral peaks showed significant ... | 2016 | 26319185 |
| arsenite-oxidizing bacteria exhibiting plant growth promoting traits isolated from the rhizosphere of oryza sativa l.: implications for mitigation of arsenic contamination in paddies. | arsenite-oxidizing bacteria exhibiting plant growth promoting (pgp) traits can have the advantages of reducing as-uptake by rice and promoting plant growth in as-stressed soil. a gram-positive bacterium bacillus flexus aso-6 resistant to high levels of as (32 and 280 mm for arsenite and arsenate, respectively) and exhibiting elevated rates of as(iii) oxidation (vmax=1.34 μm min(-1) 10(-7) cell) was isolated from rhizosphere of rice. the presence of aoxb gene and exhibition of as(iii)-oxidase enz ... | 2016 | 26448489 |
| antimicrobial compounds from endophytic streptomyces sp. bcc72023 isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.). | an endophytic actinomycete strain bcc72023 was isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) and identified as the genus streptomyces, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and 16s rrna gene sequence analyses. the strain showed 99.80% similarity compared with streptomyces samsunensis m1463(t). chemical investigation led to the isolation of three macrolides, efomycins m (1), g (2) and oxohygrolidin (3), along with two polyethers, abierixin (4) and 29-o-methylabierixin (5). to our knowledge, this is the firs ... | 2016 | 26809052 |
| pyramiding and evaluation of both a foreign bacillus thuringiensis and a lysine-rich protein gene in the elite indica rice 9311. | gene pyramiding is an efficient approach for the genetic improvement of multiple agronomic traits simultaneously. in this study, we pyramided two foreign genes, cry1ac driven by the rice actin i promoter, and lysine-rich protein (lrp), driven by the endosperm-specific glutelin1 (gt1) promoter, into the elite indica cultivar 9311. these two genes were chosen in an attempt to enhance insect-resistance and lysine (lys) content. in the pyramided line, the foreign gene cry1ac was efficiently expresse ... | 2016 | 27795684 |
| marker-free transgenic rice expressing the vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) of bacillus thuringiensis shows broad insecticidal properties. | genetically engineered rice lines with broad insecticidal properties against major lepidopteran pests were generated using a synthetic, truncated form of vegetative insecticidal protein (syn vip3br) from bacillus thuringiensis. the selectable marker gene and the redundant transgene(s) were eliminated through cre/ lox mediated recombination and genetic segregation to make consumer friendly bt -rice. for sustainable resistance against lepidopteran insect pests, chloroplast targeted synthetic versi ... | 2016 | 27165311 |
| transgenic rice expressing the cry2ax1 gene confers resistance to multiple lepidopteran pests. | a chimeric bacillus thuringiensis toxin (bt) gene, cry2ax1was cloned in a bi-selectable marker free binary vector construct. the cry2ax1 gene, driven by the chrysanthemum rbcs1 promoter, was introduced into jk1044r, the restorer line (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) of a notified commercially grown rice hybrid in india, by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. its effect against two major lepidopteran insect pests viz., yellow stem borer (ysb) scirpophaga incertulas, rice leaf folder (rlf) cnaphal ... | 2016 | 27017220 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus velezensis cbmb205, a phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from the rhizoplane of rice in the republic of korea. | bacillus velezensis cbmb205 (= kacc 13105(t) = nccb 100236(t)) was isolated from the rhizoplane of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. o-dae). according to previous studies, this bacterium has several genes that can promote plant growth, such as the phosphorus-solubilizing protein-coding gene. here, we present the first complete genome of b. velezensis cbmb205. | 2016 | 27417835 |
| molecular cloning of melatonin 3-hydroxylase and its production of cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin in rice (oryza sativa). | melatonin is metabolized in animals to cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-ohm) not by an enzymatic pathway, but by interaction with hydroxyl radicals. the production of 3-ohm in animals suggests the possible presence of 3-ohm in plants. prior to the identification of 3-ohm in plants, we directly cloned the corresponding gene(s) responsible for 3-ohm synthesis using escherichia coli library strains expressing genes belonging to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-odd) superfamily from rice. thr ... | 2016 | 27500558 |
| oshac1;1 and oshac1;2 function as arsenate reductases and regulate arsenic accumulation. | rice is a major dietary source of the toxic metalloid arsenic (as). reducing its accumulation in rice (oryza sativa) grain is of critical importance to food safety. rice roots take up arsenate and arsenite depending on the prevailing soil conditions. the first step of arsenate detoxification is its reduction to arsenite, but the enzyme(s) catalyzing this reaction in rice remains unknown. here, we identify oshac1;1 and oshac1;2 as arsenate reductases in rice. oshac1;1 and oshac1;2 are able to com ... | 2016 | 27702843 |
| first comprehensive proteome analyses of lysine acetylation and succinylation in seedling leaves of brachypodium distachyon l. | protein acetylation and succinylation are the most crucial protein post-translational modifications (ptms) involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. in this study, we present the first lysine-acetylation and lysine-succinylation proteome analysis of seedling leaves in brachypodium distachyon l (bd). using high accuracy nano lc-ms/ms combined with affinity purification, we identified a total of 636 lysine-acetylated sites in 353 proteins and 605 lysine-succinylated sites in 262 ... | 2016 | 27515067 |
| structure of a plant β-galactosidase c-terminal domain. | most plant β-galactosidases, which belong to glycoside hydrolase family 35, have a c-terminal domain homologous to animal galactose and rhamnose-binding lectins. to investigate the structure and function of this domain, the c-terminal domain of the rice (oryza sativa l.) β-galactosidase 1 (osbgal1 cter) was expressed in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. the free osbgal1 cter is monomeric with a native molecular weight of 15kda. nmr spectroscopy indicated that osbgal1 cter comprises f ... | 2016 | 27451952 |
| characterization of oslea1a and its inhibitory effect on the resistance of e. coli to diverse abiotic stresses. | oslea1a is a late embryogenesis abundant (lea) protein gene from oryza sativa l, which contains an open reading frame of 282-bp that encodes a putative polypeptide of 93 amino acids. oslea1a protein contains abundant of lys, ala, glu, asp, gly, arg and leu, but depleted in cys, his, phe, trp and tyr residues; and is strongly hydrophilic. oslea1a includes six helical domains and a β-sheet domain. real-time pcr analysis showed that oslea1a was expressed in roots, leaves and panicles of rice, with ... | 2016 | 27339321 |
| plant phosphomannose isomerase as a selectable marker for rice transformation. | the e. coli phosphomannose isomerase (ecpmi) gene is widely used as a selectable marker gene (smg) in mannose (man) selection-based plant transformation. although some plant species exhibit significant pmi activity and active pmis were even identified in man-sensitive plants, whether plant pmis can be used as smgs remains unclear. in this study, we isolated four novel pmi genes from chlorella variabilis and oryza sativa. their isoenzymatic activities were examined in vitro and compared with that ... | 2016 | 27174847 |
| overexpression of rice glutaredoxins (osgrxs) significantly reduces arsenite accumulation by maintaining glutathione pool and modulating aquaporins in yeast. | arsenic (as) is an acute poison and class i carcinogen, can cause a serious health risk. staple crops like rice are the primary source of as contamination in human food. rice grown on as contaminated areas accumulates higher as in their edible parts. based on our previous transcriptome data, two rice glutaredoxins (osgrx_c7 and osgrx_c2.1) were identified that showed up-regulated expression during as stress. here, we report osgrx_c7 and osgrx_c2.1 from rice involved in the regulation of intracel ... | 2016 | 27174139 |
| biochemical characterization of plant rad52 protein from rice (oryza sativa). | dna damage in living cells is repaired by two main pathways, homologous recombination (hr) and non-homologous end joining (nhej). of all the genes promoting hr, rad52 (radiation sensitive 52) is an important gene which is found to be highly conserved across different species. it was believed that rad52 is absent in plant systems until lately. however, recent genetic studies have shown the presence of rad52 homologues in plants. rad52 homologues in plant systems have not yet been characterized bi ... | 2016 | 27156135 |
| cloning and characterization of the serotonin n-acetyltransferase-2 gene (snat2) in rice (oryza sativa). | the penultimate enzyme in melatonin synthesis is serotonin n-acetyltransferase (snat), which exists as a single copy in mammals and plants. our recent studies of the arabidopsis snat-knockout mutant and snat rnai rice (oryza sativa) plants predicted the presence of at least one other snat isogene in plants; that is, the snat-knockout mutant of arabidopsis and the snat rnai rice plants still produced melatonin, even in the absence or the suppression of snat expression. here, we report a molecular ... | 2016 | 27121038 |
| the time is right to focus on model organism metabolomes. | model organisms are an essential component of biological and biomedical research that can be used to study specific biological processes. these organisms are in part selected for facile experimental study. however, just as importantly, intensive study of a small number of model organisms yields important synergies as discoveries in one area of science for a given organism shed light on biological processes in other areas, even for other organisms. furthermore, the extensive knowledge bases compi ... | 2016 | 26891337 |
| characterization of cadmium-resistant bacteria and their potential for reducing accumulation of cadmium in rice grains. | cadmium (cd) pollution is a serious widespread environmental problem that not only destroys the microbial ecology of soil and decreases crop production, but also poses a serious risk to human health. many methods have been used for the remediation of cd pollution but none of these is totally satisfactory. microbial remediation strategies have attracted increasing interest since they are environmentally friendly and cost-effective. in the present study, three cd-resistant bacteria were isolated a ... | 2016 | 27341110 |
| oral immunisation of mice with transgenic rice calli expressing cholera toxin b subunit fused to consensus dengue cediii antigen induces antibodies to all four dengue serotypes. | dengue virus (denv) infection is an emerging global health threat. denv consists of four distinct serotypes, necessitating a tetravalent vaccine. in this study, expression of consensus envelope protein domain iii (cediii) fused to cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) in transgenic rice calli was improved using the luminal binding protein bip at the n-terminus and the sekdel signal sequences at the c-terminus, targeting the recombinant protein to endoplasmic reticulum (er). we found that the fusion prot ... | 2016 | 27566485 |
| development of marker-free insect-resistant indica rice by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated co-transformation. | agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation is an efficient strategy to generate marker-free transgenic plants. in this study, the vectors pmf-2a(∗) containing a synthetic cry2a(∗) gene driven by maize ubiquitin promoter and pcambia1301 harboring hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) were introduced into minghui86 (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica), an elite indica restorer line. two independent transformants containing both the cry2a(∗) gene and hpt gene were regenerated. several homozygous marker-f ... | 2016 | 27833629 |
| agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of commercially elite rice restorer line using nptii gene as a plant selection marker. | transformation of commercially important indica cultivars remains challenging for the scientific community even though agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for a few indica rice lines have been well established. we report successful transformation of a commercially important restorer line jk1044r of indica rice hybrid jkrh 401. while following existing protocol, we optimized several parameters for callusing, regeneration and genetic transformation of jk1044r. calli generated from the ... | 2016 | 27186018 |
| production and characterization of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase in transgenic rice cell suspension culture. | pompe disease is a fatal genetic muscle disorder caused by a deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (gaa), a glycogen-degrading lysosomal enzyme. in this study, the human gaa cdna gene was synthesized from human placenta cells and cloned into a plant expression vector under the control of the rice α-amylase 3d (ramy3d) promoter. the plant expression vector was introduced into rice calli (oryza sativa l. cv. dongjin) mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. genomic dna pcr and northern blot analysis were ... | 2016 | 27050503 |
| multigene engineering in rice using high-capacity agrobacterium tumefaciens bibac vectors. | the high-capacity binary bacterial artificial chromosome (bibac) vector system permits the insertion of large fragments of dna, up to 150 kb, into plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. here, we describe an optimized protocol for transformation of japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) using this system. calli derived from mature embryos are transformed using agrobacterium strain lba4404 that carries the bibac vector and the super-virulent helper plasmid pch32. transformed calli are then reg ... | 2016 | 26614279 |
| rice endosperm is cost-effective for the production of recombinant griffithsin with potent activity against hiv. | protein microbicides containing neutralizing antibodies and antiviral lectins may help to reduce the rate of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) if it is possible to manufacture the components in large quantities at a cost affordable in hiv-endemic regions such as sub-saharan africa. we expressed the antiviral lectin griffithsin (grft), which shows potent neutralizing activity against hiv, in the endosperm of transgenic rice plants (oryza sativa), to determine whether rice can be u ... | 2016 | 26800650 |
| production and immunogenicity of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae apxiia protein in transgenic rice callus. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a major etiological agent that is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory infection that causes severe economic losses in the swine production industry. apxiia is one of the virulence factors in a. pleuropneumoniae and has been considered as a candidate for developing a vaccine against the bacterial infection. a gene encoding an apxiia fragment (amino acids 439-801) was modified based on a plant-optimized codon and constructed int ... | 2016 | 27215671 |
| seed-borne endophytic bacillus amyloliquefaciens rwl-1 produces gibberellins and regulates endogenous phytohormones of oryza sativa. | some microorganisms are adapted to an endophytic mode, living symbiotically with plants through vertical transmission in seeds. the role of plant growth-promoting endophytes has been well studied, but those of seed-associated endophytic bacteria are less understood. the current study aimed to isolate and identify bacterial endophytes associated with rice (oryza sativa l. 'jin so mi') seeds, their potential to produce gibberellins (gas), and role in improving host-plant physiology. the isolated b ... | 2016 | 27182958 |
| a consortium of rhizobacterial strains and biochemical growth elicitors improve cold and drought stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | in the present study, a consortium of two rhizobacteria bacillus amyloliquefaciens bk7 and brevibacillus laterosporus b4, termed 'bb', biochemical elicitors salicylic acid and β-aminobutyric acid (sb) and their mixture (bbsb) were investigated for cold and drought stress tolerance in rice plants. after withholding water for 16 days, rice plants treated with bbsb showed 100% survival, improved seedling height (35.4 cm), shoot number (6.12), and showed minimum symptoms of chlorosis (19%), wilting ... | 2016 | 26681628 |
| golgi transport 1b regulates protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum in rice endosperm cells. | coat protein complex ii (copii) mediates the first step of anterograde transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to other endomembrane compartments in eukaryotes. a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins (sar1, sec23, sec24, sec13, and sec31) constitutes the basic copii coat machinery; however, the details of how the copii coat assembly is regulated remain unclear. here, we report a protein transport mutant of rice (oryza sativa), named glutelin precursor ac ... | 2016 | 27803308 |
| rhizobium oryziradicis sp. nov., isolated from the root of rice. | two gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped endophytic bacterial strains, n19t and n11-2, were isolated from fresh rice (oryza sativa) root during investigating the rice endophytic bacterial diversity. the 16s rrna gene sequence results indicated that the similarity between strains n19t and n11-2 was 100 %. both of them phylogenetically belong to the genus rhizobium, with close similarity to rhizobium taibaishanense ccnwsx 0483t (97.7 %), followed by rhizobium vitis ncppb 3554t (97.5 %). the sequence ... | 2016 | 27959784 |
| a phage display-selected peptide inhibitor of agrobacterium vitis polygalacturonase. | agrobacterium vitis, the causal agent of crown gall of grapevine, is a threat to viticulture worldwide. a major virulence factor of this pathogen is polygalacturonase, an enzyme that degrades pectin components of the xylem cell wall. a single gene encodes for the polygalacturonase gene. disruption of the polygalacturonase gene results in a mutant that is less pathogenic and produces significantly fewer root lesions on grapevines. thus, the identification of peptides or proteins that could inhibi ... | 2016 | 26177065 |
| identification of novel major and minor qtls associated with xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (african strains) resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight (bb), an emerging disease in rice in west-africa which can induce up to 50 % of yield losses. so far, no specific resistance gene or qtl to african xoo were mapped. the objectives of this study were to identify and map novels and specific resistance qtls to african xoo strains. | 2016 | 27107993 |
| genome-wide analysis and characterization of aux/iaa family genes in brassica rapa. | auxins are the key players in plant growth development involving leaf formation, phototropism, root, fruit and embryo development. auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (aux/iaa) are early auxin response genes noted as transcriptional repressors in plant auxin signaling. however, many studies focus on aux/arf gene families and much less is known about the aux/iaa gene family in brassica rapa (b. rapa). here we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis and identified 55 aux/iaa genes in b. rapa using f ... | 2016 | 27049520 |
| structural understanding of the recycling of oxidized ascorbate by dehydroascorbate reductase (osdhar) from oryza sativa l. japonica. | dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar) is a key enzyme involved in the recycling of ascorbate, which catalyses the glutathione (gsh)-dependent reduction of oxidized ascorbate (dehydroascorbate, dha). as a result, dhar regenerates a pool of reduced ascorbate and detoxifies reactive oxygen species (ros). in previous experiments involving transgenic rice, we observed that overexpression of dhar enhanced grain yield and biomass. since the structure of dhar is not available, the enzymatic mechanism is not ... | 2016 | 26775680 |
| expression of zinc transporter genes in rice as influenced by zinc-solubilizing enterobacter cloacae strain zsb14. | zinc (zn) deficiency in major food crops has been considered as an important factor affecting the crop production and subsequently the human health. rice (oryza sativa) is sensitive to zn deficiency and thereby causes malnutrition to most of the rice-eating asian populations. application of zinc solubilizing bacteria (zsb) could be a sustainable agronomic approach to increase the soil available zn which can mitigate the yield loss and consequently the nutritional quality of rice. understanding t ... | 2016 | 27092162 |
| two novel antimicrobial defensins from rice identified by gene coexpression network analyses. | defensins form an antimicrobial peptides (amp) family, and have been widely studied in various plants because of their considerable inhibitory functions. however, their roles in rice (oryza sativa l.) have not been characterized, even though rice is one of the most important staple crops that is susceptible to damaging infections. additionally, a previous study identified 598 rice genes encoding cysteine-rich peptides, suggesting there are several uncharacterized amps in rice. we performed in si ... | 2016 | 27527801 |
| the components of rice and watermelon root exudates and their effects on pathogenic fungus and watermelon defense. | watermelon (citrullus lanatus) is susceptible to wilt disease caused by the fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum (fon). intercropping management of watermelon/aerobic rice (oryza sativa) alleviates watermelon wilt disease, because some unidentified component(s) in rice root exudates suppress fon sporulation and spore germination. here, we show that the phenolic acid p-coumaric acid is present in rice root exudates only, and it inhibits fon spore germination and sporulation. we found that exoge ... | 2016 | 27217091 |
| germin-like protein 2 gene promoter from rice is responsive to fungal pathogens in transgenic potato plants. | controlled transgene expression via a promoter is particularly triggered in response to pathogen infiltration. this is significant for eliciting disease-resistant features in crops through genetic engineering. the germins and germin-like proteins (glps) are known to be associated with plant and developmental stages. the 1107-bp oryza sativa root glp2 (osrglp2) gene promoter fused to a β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene was transformed into potato plants through an agrobacterium-mediated transfo ... | 2016 | 26277722 |
| dual rna-seq reveals meloidogyne graminicola transcriptome and candidate effectors during the interaction with rice plants. | root-knot nematodes secrete proteinaceous effectors into plant tissues to facilitate infection by suppressing host defences and reprogramming the host metabolism to their benefit. meloidogyne graminicola is a major pest of rice (oryza sativa) in asia and latin america, causing important crop losses. the goal of this study was to identify m. graminicola pathogenicity genes expressed during the plant-nematode interaction. using the dual rna-sequencing (rna-seq) strategy, we generated transcriptomi ... | 2016 | 26610268 |
| a genome-wide association study of a global rice panel reveals resistance in oryza sativa to root-knot nematodes. | the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is one of the most serious nematode pests worldwide and represents a major constraint on rice production. while variation in the susceptibility of asian rice (oryza sativa) exists, so far no strong and reliable resistance has been reported. quantitative trait loci for partial resistance have been reported but no underlying genes have been tagged or cloned. here, 332 accessions of the rice diversity panel 1 were assessed for gall formation, revealing ... | 2016 | 26552884 |
| thiamine-induced priming against root-knot nematode infection in rice involves lignification and hydrogen peroxide generation. | thiamine (vitamin b1, vb1) can act as a plant defence trigger, or priming agent, leading to a rapid counterattack on pathogen invasion. in this study, the priming effect of thiamine on rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) and its activity against root-knot nematode (meloidogyne graminicola) infection were evaluated. thiamine treatment and subsequent nematode inoculation activated hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) accumulation and lignin deposition in plant roots, and this correlated with enhanced transcrip ... | 2016 | 27103216 |
| bio-protective microbial agents from rhizosphere eco-systems trigger plant defense responses provide protection against sheath blight disease in rice (oryza sativa l.). | sheath blight of rice (oryza sativa l.) caused by rhizoctonia solani is a major disease and attempts are being made to develop microbe based technologies for biocontrol of this pathogen. however, the mechanisms of biocontrol are not fully understood and still require indepth study in the backdrop of emerging concepts in biological systems. the present investigation was aimed at deciphering the mechanisms of biocontrol of sheath blight of rice employing pseudomonas fluorescens and trichoderma har ... | 2016 | 27664749 |
| rice responses and resistance to planthopper-borne viruses at transcriptomic and proteomic levels. | rice (oryza sativa) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world, especially in asian areas. rice virus diseases are considered as the most serious threat to rice yields. most rice viruses are transmitted by hemipteran insects such as planthoppers and leafhoppers. in asia five rice viruses are transmitted mainly by three planthopper species in a persistent manner: rice stripe virus, rice black-streaked dwarf virus, rice ragged stunt virus, rice grassy stunt virus, and southern rice bla ... | 2016 | 26363817 |
| mirna: a novel link between rice ragged stunt virus and oryza sativa. | rice ragged stunt disease caused leads to severe loss of rice yield. recently, rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv) were found to be increasingly common in rice-growing regions of china and vietnam. rrsv may cause problem by interacting with micrornas (mirnas) of host cells and the mechanism is not clear yet. in this study we identified 11 mirnas in response to rrsv infection and predicted their possible targets to viral rna segments (s1-s10) through the bioinformatics analysis. interestingly, we foun ... | 2016 | 27570315 |
| a signaling cascade from mir444 to rdr1 in rice antiviral rna silencing pathway. | plant rna-dependent rna polymerase1 (rdr1) is a key component of the antiviral rna-silencing pathway, contributing to the biogenesis of virus-derived small interfering rnas. this enzyme also is responsible for producing virus-activated endogenous small interfering rnas to stimulate the broad-spectrum antiviral activity through silencing host genes. the expression of rdr1 orthologs in various plants is usually induced by virus infection. however, the molecular mechanisms of activation of rdr1 exp ... | 2016 | 26858364 |
| different pathogenicities of rice stripe virus from the insect vector and from viruliferous plants. | persistent plant viruses usually depend on insects for their transmission; they cannot be transmitted between plants or through mechanical inoculation. however, the mechanism by which persistent viruses become pathogenic in insect vectors remains unknown. in this study, we used rice stripe virus (rsv), its insect vector laodelphax striatellus and host plant (oryza sativa) to explore how persistent viruses acquire pathogenicity from insect vectors. rsv acquired phytopathogenicity in both the alim ... | 2016 | 26585422 |
| identification and regulation of host genes related to rice stripe virus symptom production. | viral infections cause plant chlorosis, stunting, necrosis or other symptoms. the down-regulation of chloroplast-related genes (chrgs) is assumed to be responsible for chlorosis. we identified the differentially expressed genes (degs) in rice stripe virus (rsv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana, and examined the contribution of 75 down-regulated degs to rsv symptoms by silencing them one by one using tobacco rattle virus (trv)-induced gene silencing. silencing of 11 of the 75 down-regulated degs ca ... | 2016 | 26487490 |
| rice-produced msp142 of plasmodium falciparum elicits antibodies that inhibit parasite growth in vitro. | many malaria antigens contain multiple disulphide bonds involved in the formation of inhibitory b-cell epitopes. producing properly folded malaria antigens in sufficient quantities for vaccination is often a challenge. the 42-kda fragment of plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (msp142 ) is such a kind of malaria antigen. in this study, we investigated the expression of msp142 in a rice system (9522, a cultivar of oryza sativa ssp. japonica), which was used as a bioreactor for prote ... | 2016 | 27493141 |
| antimicrobial activity against porphyromonas gingivalis and mechanism of action of the cationic octadecapeptide amyi-1-18 and its amino acid-substituted analogs. | the antimicrobial peptide amyi-1-18 is a cationic α-helical octadecapeptide derived from α-amylase in rice (oryza sativa l. japonica) that contains four cationic amino acid residues (two arginines and two lysines). to enhance the antibacterial activity of amyi-1-18 against porphyromonas gingivalis (a bacterium associated with periodontal disease), we synthesized 12 analogs bearing substitutions with alanine, leucine, and/or arginine that were designed based on helical wheel projections and inves ... | 2016 | 27478151 |
| phytochrome b negatively affects cold tolerance by regulating osdreb1 gene expression through phytochrome interacting factor-like protein ospil16 in rice. | cross talk between light signaling and cold signaling has been elucidated in the model plant arabidopsis and tomato, but little is known about their relationship in rice. here, we report that phytochrome b (phyb) mutants exhibit improved cold tolerance compared with wild type (wt) rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). the phyb mutants had a lower electrolyte leakage index and malondialdehyde concentration than the wt, suggesting that they had greater cell membrane integrity and less lipid perox ... | 2016 | 28083003 |
| correction: potential application of the oryza sativa monodehydroascorbate reductase gene (osmdhar) to improve the stress tolerance and fermentative capacity of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158841.]. | 2016 | 27907176 |
| oschx14 is involved in the k+ homeostasis in rice (oryza sativa) flowers. | previously we showed in the osjar1 mutants that the lodicule senescence which controls the closing of rice flowers was delayed. this resulted in florets staying open longer when compared with the wild type. the gene osjar1 is silenced in osjar1 mutants and is a key member of the jasmonic acid (ja) signaling pathway. we found that k concentrations in lodicules and flowers of osjar1-2 were significantly elevated compared with the wild type, indicating that k(+) homeostasis may play a role in regul ... | 2016 | 27903806 |
| the rice eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit e (oseif3e) influences organ size and pollen maturation. | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eif3) is a large protein complex that participates in most translation initiation processes. while eif3 has been well characterized, less is known about the roles of individual eif3 subunits, particularly in plants. here, we identified and characterized oseif3e in rice (oryza sativa l.). oseif3e was constitutively expressed in various tissues, but most strongly in vigorously growing organs. transgenic oseif3e-silenced rice plants showed inhibited growt ... | 2016 | 27703462 |
| ospex11, a peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11, contributes to salt stress tolerance in oryza sativa. | peroxisomes are single membrane-bound organelles, whose basic enzymatic constituents are catalase and h2o2-producing flavin oxidases. previous reports showed that peroxisome is involved in numerous processes including primary and secondary metabolism, plant development and abiotic stress responses. however, knowledge on the function of different peroxisome genes from rice and its regulatory roles in salt and other abiotic stresses is limited. here, a novel prey protein, ospex11 (os03g0302000), w ... | 2016 | 27695459 |
| enhanced detoxification and degradation of herbicide atrazine by a group of o-methyltransferases in rice. | atrazine (atr) as a toxic herbicide has become one of the seriously environmental contaminants worldwide due to its long-term intensive use in crop production. this study identified novel methyltransferases (mts) involved in detoxification and degradation of atr residues in rice plants. from a subset of mts differentially expressed in atr-exposed rice, forty-four o-methyltransferase genes were investigated. total activities were significantly enhanced by atr in rice tissues. to prove detoxifying ... | 2016 | 27677124 |
| the hvnramp5 transporter mediates uptake of cadmium and manganese, but not iron. | the natural resistance associated macrophage protein (nramp) represents a transporter family for metal ions in all organisms. here, we functionally characterized a member of nramp family in barley (hordeum vulgare), hvnramp5. this member showed different expression patterns, transport substrate specificity, and cellular localization from its close homolog in rice (oryza sativa), osnramp5, although hvnramp5 was also localized to the plasma membrane. hvnramp5 was mainly expressed in the roots and ... | 2016 | 27621428 |
| constans-like 9 (col9) delays the flowering time in oryza sativa by repressing the ehd1 pathway. | flowering or heading is one of most important agronomic traits in rice. it has been characterized that constans (co) and constans-like (col) proteins are critical flowering regulators in response to photoperiodic stress in plants. we have previously identified that the col family member oscol9 can positively enhance the rice blast resistance. in the present study, we aimed to explore the functional role of oscol9 in modulating the photoperiodic flowering. our data showed that overexpression of o ... | 2016 | 27620492 |
| p31comet, a member of the synaptonemal complex, participates in meiotic dsb formation in rice. | the human mitotic arrest-deficient 2 (mad2) binding protein p31(comet) participates in the spindle checkpoint and coordinates cell cycle events in mitosis although its function in meiosis remains unknown in all organisms. here, we reveal p31(comet) as a synaptonemal complex (sc) protein in rice (oryza sativa l.). in p31(comet), homologous pairing and synapsis are eliminated, leading to the homologous nondisjunction and complete sterility. the failure in loading of histone h2ax phosphorylation (γ ... | 2016 | 27601671 |
| a nucleus-encoded chloroplast protein yl1 is involved in chloroplast development and efficient biogenesis of chloroplast atp synthase in rice. | chloroplast atp synthase (cpatpase) is an importance thylakoid membrane-associated photosynthetic complex involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. in this study, we isolated and characterized a rice (oryza sativa) mutant yellow leaf 1 (yl1), which exhibits chlorotic leaves throughout developmental stages. the yl1 mutation showed reduced chlorophyll contents, abnormal chloroplast morphology, and decreased photochemical efficiency. moreover, yl1 deficiency disrupts the expressi ... | 2016 | 27585744 |
| the exonuclease homolog osrad1 promotes accurate meiotic double-strand break repair by suppressing nonhomologous end joining. | during meiosis, programmed double-strand breaks (dsbs) are generated to initiate homologous recombination, which is crucial for faithful chromosome segregation. in yeast, radiation sensitive1 (rad1) acts together with radiation sensitive9 (rad9) and hydroxyurea sensitive1 (hus1) to facilitate meiotic recombination via cell-cycle checkpoint control. however, little is known about the meiotic functions of these proteins in higher eukaryotes. here, we characterized a rad1 homolog in rice (oryza sat ... | 2016 | 27512017 |
| rice (oryza sativa) laccases involved in modification and detoxification of herbicides atrazine and isoproturon residues in plants. | atrazine (atr) and isoproturon (ipu) as herbicides have become serious environmental contaminants due to their overuse in crop production. although atr and ipu in soils are easily absorbed by many crops, the mechanisms for their degradation or detoxification in plants are poorly understood. this study identified a group of novel genes encoding laccases (ec 1.10.3.2) that are possibly involved in catabolism or detoxification of atr and ipu residues in rice. transcriptome profiling shows at least ... | 2016 | 27499219 |
| serine carboxypeptidase 46 regulates grain filling and seed germination in rice (oryza sativa l.). | serine carboxypeptidase (scp) is one of the largest groups of enzymes catalyzing proteolysis for functional protein maturation. to date, little is known about the function of scps in rice. in this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the gene structure and expression profile of 59 rice scps. scp46 is dominantly expressed in developing seeds, particularly in embryo, endosperm and aleurone layers, and could be induced by aba. functional characterization revealed that knock-down of scp46 r ... | 2016 | 27448032 |
| microsporomyces hainanensis sp. nov., isolated from hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds. | a total of five strains were isolated from two different hybrid rice seeds samples (oryza sativa l. shenliangyou 5814 and yliangyou 900) in sanya city, hainan province, china. sequence analysis and physiological characteristics indicated that these strains were identical and represented a novel species. molecular phylogenetic analysis of the d1/d2 domain of the large subunit rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacer regions revealed that this new species is located in the microsporomyces cla ... | 2016 | 27447796 |
| the oscyp19-4 gene is expressed as multiple alternatively spliced transcripts encoding isoforms with distinct cellular localizations and ppiase activities under cold stress. | alternative splicing (as) is an important molecular mechanism by which single genes can generate multiple mrna isoforms. we reported previously that, in oryza sativa, the cyclophilin 19-4 (oscyp19-4.1) transcript was significantly upregulated in response to cold stress, and that transgenic plants were cold tolerant. here we show that, under cold stress, oscyp19-4 produces eight transcript variants by intron retention and exon skipping, resulting in production of four distinct protein isoforms. t ... | 2016 | 27447607 |
| a constans-like transcriptional activator, oscol13, functions as a negative regulator of flowering downstream of osphyb and upstream of ehd1 in rice. | flowering time determines the adaptability of crop plants to different local environments, thus being one of the most important agronomic traits targeted in breeding programs. photoperiod is one of the key factors that control flowering in plant. a number of genes that participate in the photoperiod pathway have been characterized in long-day plants such as arabidopsis, as well as in short-day plants such as oryza sativa. of those, constans (co) as a floral integrator promotes flowering in arabi ... | 2016 | 27405463 |
| potential application of the oryza sativa monodehydroascorbate reductase gene (osmdhar) to improve the stress tolerance and fermentative capacity of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | monodehydroascorbate reductase (mdhar; ec 1.6.5.4) is an important enzyme for ascorbate recycling. to examine whether heterologous expression of mdhar from oryza sativa (osmdhar) can prevent the deleterious effects of unfavorable growth conditions, we constructed a transgenic yeast strain harboring a recombinant plasmid carrying osmdhar (p426gpd::osmdhar). osmdhar-expressing yeast cells displayed enhanced tolerance to hydrogen peroxide by maintaining redox homoeostasis, proteostasis, and the asc ... | 2016 | 27392090 |
| interactions of oryza sativa oscontinuous vascular ring-like 1 (oscole1) and oscole1-interacting protein reveal a novel intracellular auxin transport mechanism. | little is known about the transport mechanism of intracellular auxin. here, we report two vacuole-localized proteins, oryza sativa oscontinuous vascular ring-like 1 (oscole1) and oscole1-interacting protein (osclip), that regulate intracellular auxin transport and homoeostasis. overexpression of oscole1 markedly increased the internode length and auxin content of the stem base, whereas these parameters were decreased in rna interference (rnai) plants. oscole1 was localized on the tonoplast and p ... | 2016 | 27265035 |
| the rice minute-like1 (rml1) gene, encoding a ribosomal large subunit protein l3b, regulates leaf morphology and plant architecture in rice. | mutations of ribosomal proteins (rps) are known to cause developmental abnormalities in yeast, mammals, and dicotyledonous plants; however, their effects have not been studied in rice. here, we identifiy a ribosomal biogenesis mutant, rice minute-like1 (rml1) that displays a minute phenotype as evidenced by retarded growth and defects in the vascular system. we determine that rml1 encodes a ribosome large subunit protein 3b (rpl3b) in rice by means of map-based cloning and genetic complementatio ... | 2016 | 27241493 |
| the de-etiolated 1 homolog of arabidopsis modulates the aba signaling pathway and aba biosynthesis in rice. | deetiolated1 (det1) plays a critical role in developmental and environmental responses in many plants. to date, the functions of osdet1 in rice (oryza sativa) have been largely unknown. osdet1 is an ortholog of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) det1 here, we found that osdet1 is essential for maintaining normal rice development. the repression of osdet1 had detrimental effects on plant development, and leaded to contradictory phenotypes related to abscisic acid (aba) in osdet1 interference (rna ... | 2016 | 27208292 |
| disruption of ossultr3;3 reduces phytate and phosphorus concentrations and alters the metabolite profile in rice grains. | two low phytic acid (lpa) mutants have been developed previously with the aim to improve the nutritional value of rice (oryza sativa) grains. in the present study, the impacts of lpa mutations on grain composition and underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. comparative compositional analyses and metabolite profiling demonstrated that concentrations of both phytic acid (pa) and total phosphorus (p) were significantly reduced in lpa brown rice, accompanied by changes in other metabolite ... | 2016 | 27110682 |
| wax crystal-sparse leaf 3 encoding a β-ketoacyl-coa reductase is involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis in rice. | wsl3 encodes β-ketoacyl-coa reductase (kcr) in rice, in a similar way to ybr159w in yeast, and is essential for vlcfa biosynthesis and leaf wax accumulation. cuticular waxes on plant surfaces limit non-stomatal water loss, protect plants against deposits of dust and impose a physical barrier to pathogen infection. we identified a wax-deficient mutant of rice, wax crystal-sparse leaf 3 (wsl3), which exhibits a pleiotropic phenotype that includes reduced epicuticular wax crystals on the leaf surfa ... | 2016 | 27106031 |
| a loss-of-function allele of oshma3 associated with high cadmium accumulation in shoots and grain of japonica rice cultivars. | excessive cadmium (cd) accumulation in rice poses a risk to food safety. oshma3 plays an important role in restricting cd translocation from roots to shoots. a non-functional allele of oshma3 has been reported in some indica rice cultivars with high cd accumulation, but it is not known if oshma3 allelic variation is associated with cd accumulation in japonica cultivars. in this study, we identified a japonica cultivar with consistently high cd accumulation in shoots and grain in both field and g ... | 2016 | 27038090 |
| a cation-chloride cotransporter gene is required for cell elongation and osmoregulation in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) is characterized by having fibrous root systems; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the root development are not fully understood. here, we isolated a rice mutant with short roots and found that the mutant had a decreased cell size of the roots and shoots compared with wild-type rice. map-based cloning combined with whole-genome sequencing revealed that a single nucleotide mutation occurred in a gene, which encodes a putative cation-chloride cotransporter (osccc1). ... | 2016 | 26983995 |
| rice hox12 regulates panicle exsertion by directly modulating the expression of elongated uppermost internode1. | bioactive gibberellins (gas) are key endogenous regulators of plant growth. previous work identified elongated uppermost internode1 (eui1) as a ga-deactivating enzyme that plays an important role in panicle exsertion from the flag leaf sheath in rice (oryza sativa). however, the mechanism that regulates eui1 activity during development is still largely unexplored. in this study, we identified the dominant panicle enclosure mutant regulator of eui1 (ree1-d), whose phenotype is caused by the activ ... | 2016 | 26977084 |
| light-induced rice1 regulates light-dependent attachment of leaf-type ferredoxin-nadp+ oxidoreductase to the thylakoid membrane in rice and arabidopsis. | lir1 (light-induced rice1) encodes a 13-kd, chloroplast-targeted protein containing two nearly identical motifs of unknown function. lir1 is present in the genomes of vascular plants, mosses, liverworts, and algae, but not in cyanobacteria. using coimmunoprecipitation assays, pull-down assays, and yeast two-hybrid analyses, we showed that lir1 interacts with leaf-type ferredoxin-nadp(+) oxidoreductase (lfnr), an essential chloroplast enzyme functioning in the last step of photosynthetic linear e ... | 2016 | 26941088 |
| ajuga δ24-sterol reductase catalyzes the direct reductive conversion of 24-methylenecholesterol to campesterol. | dimunito/dwarf1 (dwf1) is an oxidoreductase enzyme that is responsible for the conversion of c28- and c29-δ(24(28))-olefinic sterols to 24-methyl- and 24-ethylcholesterols. generally, the reaction proceeds in two steps via the δ(24(25))intermediate. in this study, we characterized theardwf1gene from an expression sequence tag library ofajuga reptansvar.atropurpureahairy roots. the gene was functionally expressed in the yeast t21 strain. thein vivoandin vitrostudy of the transformed yeast indicat ... | 2016 | 26872973 |
| overexpression of a stress-responsive nac transcription factor gene onac022 improves drought and salt tolerance in rice. | the nac transcription factors play critical roles in regulating stress responses in plants. however, the functions for many of the nac family members in rice are yet to be identified. in the present study, a novel stress-responsive rice nac gene, onac022, was identified. expression of onac022 was induced by drought, high salinity, and abscisic acid (aba). the onac022 protein was found to bind specifically to a canonical nac recognition cis-element sequence and showed transactivation activity at ... | 2016 | 26834774 |
| oshkt1;4-mediated na(+) transport in stems contributes to na(+) exclusion from leaf blades of rice at the reproductive growth stage upon salt stress. | na(+) exclusion from leaf blades is one of the key mechanisms for glycophytes to cope with salinity stress. certain class i transporters of the high-affinity k(+) transporter (hkt) family have been demonstrated to mediate leaf blade-na(+) exclusion upon salinity stress via na(+)-selective transport. multiple hkt1 transporters are known to function in rice (oryza sativa). however, the ion transport function of oshkt1;4 and its contribution to the na(+) exclusion mechanism in rice remain to be elu ... | 2016 | 26786707 |
| oswox3a is involved in negative feedback regulation of the gibberellic acid biosynthetic pathway in rice (oryza sativa). | the plant-specific wuschel-related homeobox (wox) nuclear proteins have important roles in the transcriptional regulation of many developmental processes. among the rice (oryza sativa) wox proteins, a loss of oswox3a function in narrow leaf2 (nal2) nal3 double mutants (termed nal2/3) causes pleiotropic effects, such as narrow and curly leaves, opened spikelets, narrow grains, more tillers, and fewer lateral roots, but almost normal plant height. to examine oswox3a function in more detail, transg ... | 2016 | 26767749 |
| roles of plant hormones and anti-apoptosis genes during drought stress in rice (oryza sativa l.). | we previously identified the rice (oryza sativa) senescence-associated gene ossap which encodes a highly conserved protein involved in anti-apoptotic activity. this novel bax suppressor-related gene regulates tolerance to multiple stresses in yeast. here, we show the effects of drought stress on leaf and root tissues of plants over-expressing ossap in relation to the levels of phytohormones, abscisic acid (aba), jasmonic acid (ja), indole-3-carboxylic acid (ica), gibberellic acid (ga3), and zeat ... | 2016 | 28330319 |
| expression variations of mirnas and mrnas in rice (oryza sativa). | differences in expression levels are an important source of phenotypic variation within and between populations. micrornas (mirnas) are key players in post-transcriptional gene regulation that are important for plant development and stress responses. we surveyed expression variation of mirnas and mrnas of six accessions from two rice subspecies oryza sativa l. ssp. indica and oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica using deep sequencing. while more than half (53.7%) of the mature mirnas exhibit differenti ... | 2016 | 27797952 |
| plant reactome: a resource for plant pathways and comparative analysis. | plant reactome (http://plantreactome.gramene.org/) is a free, open-source, curated plant pathway database portal, provided as part of the gramene project. the database provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualization, analysis and interpretation of pathway knowledge to support genome annotation, genome analysis, modeling, systems biology, basic research and education. plant reactome employs the structural framework of a plant cell to show metabolic, transport, genetic, developmental ... | 2016 | 27799469 |