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survival of campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica typhimurium in vacuum-packed, moisture-enhanced pork.the abilities of campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica typhimurium to survive in vacuum-packaged, moisture-enhanced pork stored at 4 or 10°c were examined. pork loins were surface inoculated with either c. jejuni or salmonella typhimurium and then moisture enhanced to a target of 10 or 20%. the enhanced pork loins were sliced 1 cm thick and vacuum packaged. a pork loin without moisture enhancement was sliced and vacuum packaged as a control. samples were collected, plated, and the numbers ...201222410234
high pressure inactivation of escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni, and spoilage microbiota on poultry meat.this study evaluated the high pressure inactivation of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, and poultry meat spoilage organisms. all treatments were performed in aseptically prepared minced poultry meat. treatment of 19 strains of c. jejuni at 300 mpa and 30°c revealed a large variation of pressure resistance. the recovery of pressure-induced sublethally injured c. jejuni depended on the availability of iron. the addition of iron content to enumeration media was required for resuscitation of ...201222410223
synthesis and characterization of vo(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) complexes of chromone based azo-linked schiff base ligand.azo-schiff-base complexes of vo(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ir, uv-vis, (1)h nmr, mass spectra, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurement, electron spin resonance (epr), cv, fluorescence, nlo and sem. the conductance data indicate the nonelectrolytic nature of the complexes, except vo(ii) complex which is electrolytic in nature. on the basis of electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility octahedral geometry ...201222982386
molecular characterization of the flagellar hook in bacillus subtilis.the structure of the gram-positive flagellum is poorly understood, and bacillus subtilis encodes three proteins homologous to the flagellar hook protein from salmonella enterica. here we generated a modified b. subtilis hook protein that could be fluorescently stained using a cysteine-reactive dye. we used the fluorescently labeled hook to demonstrate that flge is the hook structural protein and that flik regulated hook length. we further demonstrate that two proteins of unknown function, flho a ...201222730131
caenorhabditis elegans immune conditioning with the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus acidophilus strain ncfm enhances gram-positive immune responses.although the immune response of caenorhabditis elegans to microbial infections is well established, very little is known about the effects of health-promoting probiotic bacteria on evolutionarily conserved c. elegans host responses. we found that the probiotic gram-positive bacterium lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm is not harmful to c. elegans and that l. acidophilus ncfm is unable to colonize the c. elegans intestine. conditioning with l. acidophilus ncfm significantly decreased the burden of a ...201222585961
intestinal epithelial cells modulate antigen-presenting cell responses to bacterial dna.intestinal epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells orchestrate mucosal innate immunity. this study investigated the role of bacterial dna in modulating epithelial and bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells (bm-apcs) and subsequent t-lymphocyte responses. murine mode-k epithelial cells and bm-apcs were treated with dna from either bifidobacterium breve or salmonella enterica serovar dublin directly and under coculture conditions with cd4(+) t cells. apical stimulation of mode-k cells ...201222615241
bifidobacterium infantis 35624 protects against salmonella-induced reductions in digestive enzyme activity in mice by attenuation of the host inflammatory response.salmonella-induced damage to the small intestine may decrease the villi-associated enzyme activity, causing malabsorption of nutrients and diarrhea, and thus contribute to the symptoms of infection. the objective of this study was to determine the mechanism by which different doses and durations of salmonella infection and lipopolysaccharide (lps) affect brush border enzyme activity in the mouse, and to determine if the probiotic bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis 35624 could attenuate t ...201223238232
cell viability and immunostimulating and protective capacities of bifidobacterium longum 51a are differentially affected by technological variables in fermented milks.to investigate the cell viability of bifidobacterium longum 5(1a) in fermented milks and to study its immunostimulating and protective capacity against salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar typhimurium infection in mice.201222394272
in vitro inhibition of expression of virulence genes responsible for colonization and systemic spread of enteric pathogens using bifidobacterium bifidum secreted molecules.enteric pathogens such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli require an initial indispensable step of attachment or invasion of enterocytes before they can produce systemic disease and translocate to their target organs. prevention of either of these steps will result in an avirulent state and limit their pathogenicity. in vitro tests demonstrated that molecules secreted by bifidobacterium bifidum interfere with both attachment and invasion. the main ...201222541391
lack of interchangeability of hfq-like proteins.hfq is an rna-binding protein that participates in the regulatory activity of small non-coding rnas (srnas) in many species of bacteria. hfq protein was first crystallized from staphylococcus aureus and this crystal structure constitutes a hallmark for bacterial sm-like proteins. paradoxically, however, the functional relevance/role of s. aureus hfq (hfq(sa)) remains uncertain, as growing evidence suggests that the hfq(sa) gene is expressed at very low levels or unexpressed in many s. aureus str ...201222326874
silencing of vamp3 expression does not affect brucella melitensis infection in mouse macrophages.it has been proposed that intracellular pathogens may interfere with expression or function of proteins that mediate vesicular traffic in order to survive inside cells. brucella melitensis is an intracellular pathogen that evades phagosome-lysosome fusion, surviving in the so-called brucella-containing vacuoles (bcv). vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (vamp3) is a v-snare protein that promotes the exocytosis of the proinflammatory cytokine tnf at the phagocytic cup when docking to its cognat ...201223076244
prevalence of human pathogens and indicators in stormwater runoff in brisbane, australia.elevated numbers of enteric pathogens in the receiving waters following a storm event can be a serious public health concern. the purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the presence of human pathogens of concern in urban stormwater runoff. the involvement of a human sewage as a potential source of contamination was also investigated by using microbial source tracking methods. water samples (20 l) were collected after storm events and during the dry weather from six ...201222572123
ranking the disease burden of 14 pathogens in food sources in the united states using attribution data from outbreak investigations and expert elicitation.understanding the relative public health impact of major microbiological hazards across the food supply is critical for a risk-based national food safety system. this study was conducted to estimate the u.s. health burden of 14 major pathogens in 12 broad categories of food and to then rank the resulting 168 pathogen-food combinations. these pathogens examined were campylobacter, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, norovirus, salmonella enterica, toxoplasma ...201222980012
bioengineered nisin a derivatives with enhanced activity against both gram positive and gram negative pathogens.nisin is a bacteriocin widely utilized in more than 50 countries as a safe and natural antibacterial food preservative. it is the most extensively studied bacteriocin, having undergone decades of bioengineering with a view to improving function and physicochemical properties. the discovery of novel nisin variants with enhanced activity against clinical and foodborne pathogens has recently been described. we screened a randomized bank of nisin a producers and identified a variant with a serine to ...201223056510
assessment of a regulatory sanitization process in egyptian dairy plants in regard to the adherence of some food-borne pathogens and their biofilms.food-borne pathogens may develop certain strategies that enable them to defy harsh conditions such as chemical sanitization. biofilm formation represents a prominent one among those adopted strategies, by which food-borne pathogens protect themselves against external threats. thus, bacterial biofilm is considered as a major hazard for safe food production. this study was designed to investigate the adherence and the biofilm formation ability of some food-borne pathogens on stainless steel and po ...201222884171
glass wool filters for concentrating waterborne viruses and agricultural zoonotic pathogens.the key first step in evaluating pathogen levels in suspected contaminated water is concentration. concentration methods tend to be specific for a particular pathogen group, for example us environmental protection agency method 1623 for giardia and cryptosporidium, which means multiple methods are required if the sampling program is targeting more than one pathogen group. another drawback of current methods is the equipment can be complicated and expensive, for example the viradel method with th ...201222415031
lack of direct effects of agrochemicals on zoonotic pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria.agrochemicals, fecal indicator bacteria (fib), and pathogens frequently contaminate water simultaneously. no significant direct effects of fertilizer, atrazine, malathion, and chlorothalonil on the survival of escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, salmonella enterica, human polyomaviruses, and adenovirus were detected, supporting the assertion that previously observed effects of agrochemicals on fib were indirect.201222961900
no beneficial effects evident for enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 in weaned pigs infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt 104 is the major pathogen for salmonellosis outbreaks in europe. we tested if the probiotic bacterium enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 can prevent or alleviate salmonellosis. therefore, piglets of the german landrace breed that were treated with e. faecium (n = 16) as a feed additive and untreated controls (n = 16) were challenged with s. typhimurium 10 days after weaning. the presence of salmonellae in feces and selected organs, as well as the immune r ...201222544257
efficacy of multiple metals against copper-resistant bacterial strains.the antibacterial efficacy of zeolites containing copper (cu) or silver (ag) ions or a combination was assessed against several reported copper-resistant (cu(r)) bacterial strains.201222277101
immunostimulatory effects of recombinant erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae expressing porcine interleukin-18 in mice and pigs.interleukin-18 (il-18), which was originally called gamma interferon (ifn-γ)-inducing factor, has been shown to play an important role in innate and acquired immune responses. in this study, attenuated erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains were engineered to produce porcine il-18 (poil-18) and evaluated for their potential immunostimulatory effect in animals. recombinant poil-18 was successfully expressed in the recombinant e. rhusiopathiae strains ys-1/il-18 and ko/il-18. the culture supernatant ...201222761300
residual viral and bacterial contamination of surfaces after cleaning and disinfection.environmental surfaces contaminated with pathogens can be sources of indirect transmission, and cleaning and disinfection are common interventions focused on reducing contamination levels. we determined the efficacy of cleaning and disinfection procedures for reducing contamination by noroviruses, rotavirus, poliovirus, parechovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, staphylococcus aureus, and salmonella enterica from artificially contaminated stainless steel surfaces. after a single wipe with water, ...201222941071
studies on extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) producing salmonella isolates from clinical samples of nepal.present study was carried out among the patients of age 2-60 years from november 2009 to november 2011 to assess the production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) by salmonella enterica serotype (typhi and paratyphi a) at kanti children's hospital (kch), nepal medical college (nmc), kathmandu medical college (kmc), national public health laboratory (nphl) and sankata laboratory (skl) of nepal. blood cultures were obtained from 4,820 patients with febrile illnesses. 400 strains of salmone ...201224047016
reductions of salmonella enterica on chicken breast by thymol, acetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate or hydrogen peroxide combinations as compared to chlorine wash.poultry products are important vehicles for salmonella transmission to humans and have been incriminated in several salmonella outbreaks. thymol (thy) from thyme oil has wide inhibitory effects against foodborne pathogens including salmonella, and has shown great potential as a natural alternative to chlorine. in order to improve the cost-effectiveness of thymol-based washing solutions, formulas of thy with combination of organic acid or surfactant were developed and their efficacies to reduce s ...201222030209
tn1548-associated arma is co-located with qnrb2, aac(6')-ib-cr and blactx-m-3 on an incfii plasmid in a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b strain isolated from chickens in china. 201221965429
Classification of Salmonella enterica serotypes from Australian poultry using repetitive sequence-based PCR.Aims: To evaluate a semi-automated repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) system for the classification of Salmonella serotypes from Australian poultry. Methods and Results: Using a DNA fingerprint library within the DiversiLab(®) System, four separate databases were constructed (serogroup B, C, E and Other). These databases contained 483 serologically confirmed (reference laboratory) Salmonella isolates. A blinded set of Salmonella cultures (n = 155) were typed by rep ...201221981579
transfer of foodborne pathogenic bacteria to non-inoculated beef fillets through meat mincing machine.the aim of this study was to evaluate the transfer of pathogens population to non-inoculated beef fillets through meat mincing machine. in this regard, cocktails of mixed strain cultures of each listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium and escherichia coli o157:h7 were used for the inoculation of beef fillets. three different initial inoculum sizes (3, 5, or 7 log cfu/g) were tested. the inoculated beef fillets passed through meat mincing machine and then, six non-inoculated ...201222119672
Molecular characterization of strains of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund carrying multidrug resistance isolated from imported foods.Objectives To determine the fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund from imported foods. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella Schwarzengrund to 16 antibiotics was examined using disc agar diffusion and Etest. Quinolone resistance determinants were examined by sequence analysis of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE, PCR amplification of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS, and expression of acrB, ramA, marA, soxS and rob using quantitative RT-PCR. The contribution ...201222010209
A single method for recovery and concentration of enteric viruses and bacteria from fresh-cut vegetables.Fresh-cut vegetables are prone to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens during growth, harvest, transport and further processing and handling. As most of these products are generally eaten raw or mildly treated, there is an increase in the number of outbreaks caused by viruses and bacteria associated with fresh vegetables. Foodborne pathogens are usually present at very low levels and have to be concentrated (i.e. viruses) or enriched (i.e. bacteria) to enhance their detection. With this aim, ...201222036077
Detecting non-typhoid Salmonella in humans by ELISAs: a literature review.Non-typhoid salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness throughout the world. Serological methods for the diagnosis of Salmonella infections vary widely and the most commonly used test is limited by high running costs as well as low sensitivity and specificity. Fast and reliable immunoassays which detect subunit antigens for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi are commercially available but at present there is no international consensus on similar tests for ...201222034162
Phagocytosis and killing of salmonella by 7-hydroxycoumarin activated macrophages.Coumarin and its derivatives have potent immunomodulatory activities. Here we describe the parameters of the protective effect of 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-OHC) in experimental Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium infection in mice. The protective effect depended on the duration of treatment reaching its maximum after 10 days of pretreatment and lasted for at least 15 days after its end. Electron microscopy studies revealed that 7-OHC induced ultrastructural changes in macrophages consistent with ...201222007641
The C-terminal domain of the Salmonella enterica WbaP (UDP-galactose:Und-P galactose-1-phosphate transferase) is sufficient for catalytic activity and specificity for undecaprenyl monophosphate.Two families of membrane enzymes catalyze the initiation of the synthesis of O-antigen lipopolysaccharide. The Salmonella enterica Typhimurium WbaP is a prototypic member of one of these families. We report here the purification and biochemical characterization of the WbaP C-terminal (WbaP(CT)) domain harboring one putative transmembrane helix and a large cytoplasmic tail. An N-terminal thioredoxin fusion greatly improved solubility and stability of WbaP(CT) allowing us to obtain highly purified ...201221856724
typhoid fever: "you can't hit what you can't see"the host restricts dissemination of invasive enteric pathogens, such as non-typhoidal salmonella serovars, by mounting acute inflammatory responses characterized by the recruitment of neutrophils. however, some enteric pathogens, such as salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), can bypass these defenses and cause an invasive bloodstream infection known as typhoid fever. recent studies on virulence mechanisms of s. typhi suggest that tight regulation of virulence gene expression during the t ...201222156762
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage spn1s.to understand the interaction between the host of pathogenic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and its bacteriophage, we isolated the bacteriophage spn1s. it is a lysogenic phage in the podoviridae family and uses the o-antigen of lipopolysaccharides (lps) as a host receptor. comparative genomic analysis of phage spn1s and the s. enterica serovar anatum-specific phage ε15 revealed different host specificities, probably due to the low homology of host specificity-related genes. here we repo ...201222205721
Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Scutellaria grossa Wall ex Benth.The chemical composition of the steam volatile oil of the whole aerial part of Scutellaria grossa Wall ex Benth. (Lamiaceae), obtained by steam distillation, has been analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (88.6%). A total of 50 constituents were identified, representing 94.4% of the total oil composition. Linalool (37.0%) and 1-octen-3-ol (32.0%) were found to be the principal constituents. The antibacterial activity of the oil was determined ...201222060314
gaussia princeps luciferase as a reporter for transcriptional activity, protein secretion, and protein-protein interactions in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.gaussia princeps luciferase (gluc) is widely used as a reporter in eukaryotes, but data about its applicability in bacteria are very limited. here we show that a codon-optimized gluc gene can be efficiently expressed in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. to test different gluc variants as transcriptional reporters, we used the siia promoter of salmonella pathogenicity island 4 (spi-4) driving expression of either an episomal or a chromosomally integrated gluc gene. most reliable results we ...201222020521
First multi-epitope subunit vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli delivered by a bacterial type-3 secretion system (T3SS).Infections due to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are very common in humans as well as in animals. In humans ExPEC infections include urinary tract infections (UTI), septicemia, and wound infections, which result in significant morbidity, mortality, and substantial healthcare costs. In view of the increasing number of ExPEC infections caused by more and more resistant strains, effective prevention would be desirable. Given the rising treatment costs, a vaccine may be cost-effective in ...201222000741
Immunochemical studies of Salmonella Dakar and Salmonella Telaviv O-antigens (serogroup O:28).Salmonella Dakar and Salmonella Telaviv bacteria belong to serogroup O:28, which represents 107 serovars and possesses only the epitope O28. Salmonella Telaviv has the subfactors O28(1) and O28(2) , whereas S. Dakar has O28(1) and O28(3) . So far, only limited serological and immunological information for this serogroup is available in the literature. Knowledge of the structures of their O-polysaccharides and the immunochemical investigations performed in this work allowed to reveal the nature ...201222092663
Description of a 2,683-Base-Pair Plasmid Containing qnrD in Two Providencia rettgeri Isolates.qnr genes are plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes mainly harbored on large conjugative multiresistant plasmids. The qnrD gene was recently observed in Salmonella enterica on a small nonconjugative plasmid (p2007057). We describe two strains of Providencia rettgeri harboring qnrD on nonconjugative plasmids. The plasmids were 99% identical, with 2,683 bp and four open reading frames, including qnrD, but exhibited only 53% identity with the plasmid found in S. enterica.201221986831
Breast Abscess in a Man Due to Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis.Nontyphoidal salmonellae can cause breast infection only exceptionally. A case of breast abscess in a 70-year-old man due to Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) is reported. The infection was successfully treated with a combination of surgical and antibiotic treatment.201222031702
Genetic response of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis to thioridazine rendering the organism resistant to the agent.Thioridazine (TZ)-induced accumulation of the universal efflux pump substrate ethidium bromide and its subsequent efflux by Salmonella strains with various degrees of overexpressed efflux pumps takes place automatically at pH 7.4, is independent of a metabolic source, is not affected by a proton ionophore and is precluded by palmitic acid. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis cultured in medium containing increasing concentrations of TZ does not grow during the first 6-8h, after which time i ...201221982147
residual antibiotics disrupt meat fermentation and increase risk of infection.fermented sausages, although presumed safe for consumption, sometimes cause serious bacterial infections in humans that may be deadly. not much is known about why and when this is the case. we tested the hypothesis that residual veterinary antibiotics in meat can disrupt the fermentation process, giving pathogenic bacteria a chance to survive and multiply. we found that six commercially available starter cultures were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics, namely, oxytetracycline, penicillin, ...201222930338
molecular typing of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and serotype 4,5,12:i:- isolates from cattle by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis.to evaluate the usefulness of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (mlva) as a tool for the epidemiological analysis of bovine salmonellosis, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and serotype 4,5,12:i:- isolates (544 and 18, respectively) obtained from cattle in hokkaido, japan, between 1977 and 2009, were characterised by mlva. mlva identified 184 profiles versus 121 profiles identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). cluster analysis of the mlva profiles demon ...201222717391
repression of salmonella enterica phop expression by small molecules from physiological bile.infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhi in humans causes the life-threatening disease typhoid fever. in the laboratory, typhoid fever can be modeled through the inoculation of susceptible mice with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. using this murine model, we previously characterized the interactions between salmonella typhimurium and host cells in the gallbladder and showed that this pathogen can successfully invade gallbladder epithelial cells and proliferate. additionally, we ...201222366421
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage spn3ub.salmonella is one of the major pathogenic bacteria that cause food poisoning. to elucidate the host infection mechanism of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-targeting phages, the bacteriophage spn3ub was isolated from a chicken fecal sample. this phage belongs morphologically to the siphoviridae family and infects the host via the o antigen of lipopolysaccharide (lps). to further understand its infection mechanism, we completely sequenced and analyzed the genome. here, we announce its comp ...201222354944
sodium metasilicate affects growth of salmonella typhimurium in fresh, boneless, uncooked chicken breast fillets stored at 4°c for 7 days.the objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial effects of sodium metasilicate (sms) against salmonella and psychrotrophic organisms in fresh, boneless, uncooked chicken breast fillets and to ascertain the effects of sms treatments on ph. chicken breast fillets were inoculated with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium treated with 0% sms and no inoculum (negative control), 0% sms and inoculum (positive control), 1% sms, or 2% sms solutions and stored at 4 ± 1°c. all samples w ...201222334748
reduction of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in 20-day-old broiler chickens by the plant-derived compounds trans-cinnamaldehyde and eugenol.the efficacies of trans-cinnamaldehyde (tc) and eugenol (eg) for reducing salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in broiler chickens were investigated. in three experiments for each compound, 1-day-old chicks (n = 75/experiment) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (n = 15/treatment group): negative control (-ve s. enteritidis, -ve tc, or eg), compound control (-ve s. enteritidis, +ve 0.75% [vol/wt] tc or 1% [vol/wt] eg), positive control (+ve s. enteritidis, -ve tc, or ...201222327574
vaccination of chickens with salmonella pathogenicity island (spi) 1 and spi2 defective mutants of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.in this study we were interested in the vaccine potential of two attenuated mutants of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis for poultry. the first mutant was attenuated by the removal of the whole salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) and the second mutant was devoid of the whole spi2. these 2 mutants were used for oral vaccination of 2 chicken lines; lohmann brown and isa brown. chickens were vaccinated orally on day 1 of life, revaccinated on day 21 and challenged on day 42. the challeng ...201222300724
characterization of a novel inactivated salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis vaccine candidate generated using a modified ci857/λ pr/gene e expression system.a new strategy to develop an effective vaccine is essential to control food-borne salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infections. bacterial ghosts (bgs), which are nonliving, gram-negative bacterial cell envelopes, are generated by expulsion of the cytoplasmic contents from bacterial cells through controlled expression using the modified ci857/λ p(r)/gene e expression system. in the present study, the pjhl99 lysis plasmid carrying the mutated lambda pr37-ci857 repressor and phix174 lysis gen ...201222290147
survival and virulence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis filaments induced by reduced water activity.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain e40 filaments were developed under conditions of a reduced water activity (a(w)) of 0.95 in tryptic soy broth (tsb) or tryptic soy agar (tsa) supplemented with 8% or 7% nacl, respectively. filament formation was accompanied by an increase of biomass without an increase in cfu and was affected by incubation temperature and the physical milieu. the greatest amount of filaments was recovered from tsa with 7% nacl and incubation at 30°c. within 2 h of t ...201222287000
molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis isolates from humans by antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) is a major serovar associated with human salmonellosis. a total of 425 clinical s. enteritidis isolates of human origin were collected between june 2009 and september 2010 from north carolina. the isolates were further characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance coding determinants, virulence genes, and fingerprint profiles to determine whether they were similar or different to the s. enteritidis strain respons ...201222283616
analysis of immune-related gene expression in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells following salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection in vitro.we examined mrna expression of eight genes, tlr4, tlr5, tlr15, interleukin (il)-1β, il-6, transforming growth factor-β4 (tgf-β4), cxcli2, and a macrophage inflammatory protein (mip) family chemokine called ccli2, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) isolated from the blood of chickens after in vitro exposure to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se). the chickens of four chinese native lines, qingjiaoma, sanhuang, wugu, and xueshanma, were evaluated for mrna expression levels at 2 ...201222244688
significance of the bacteriophage treatment schedule in reducing salmonella colonization of poultry.salmonella remains the major cause of food-borne diseases worldwide, with chickens known to be the main reservoir for this zoonotic pathogen. among the many approaches to reducing salmonella colonization of broilers, bacteriophage offers several advantages. in this study, three bacteriophages (uab_phi20, uab_phi78, and uab_phi87) obtained from our collection that exhibited a broad host range against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were characte ...201222773654
a novel phage element of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis p125109 contributes to accelerated type iii secretion system 2-dependent early inflammation kinetics in a mouse colitis model.salmonella enterica subsp. i serovar enteritidis exhibits type iii secretion system 2 (ttss2)-dependent early colonization and inflammation kinetics faster than those of closely related s. enterica serovar typhimurium. to investigate the accelerated ttss-2-dependent pathogenic potential of s. enteritidis, we focused on its genome. results of a previously published comparative genomic study revealed the presence of mutually exclusive genes in both serovars. in this study, we investigated the role ...201222753379
complete genomic sequence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage se2.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis has remained a major food-borne pathogen in humans. we isolated a virulent s. enterica serovar enteritidis bacteriophage, se2, which belongs to the family siphoviridae. phage se2 could lyse s. enterica serovar enteritidis pt-4, and its virulence was maintained even at ambient temperature. the genomic sequence of phage se2 was composed of 43,221 bp with close similarity to those of salmonella phage setp3 and salmonella phage ss3e. the strong and stable lyti ...201222733878
virulence and metabolic characteristics of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strains with different sefd variants in hens.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is one of a few salmonella enterica serotypes that has sef14 fimbriae encoded by the sef operon, which consists of 4 cotranscribed genes, sefabcd, regulated by sefr. a parental strain was used to construct a sefd mutant and its complement, and all 3 strains were compared for gene expression, metabolic properties, and virulence characteristics in hens. transcription of sefd by wild type was suppressed at 42°c and absent for the mutant under conditions where ...201222729535
potential international spread of multidrug-resistant invasive salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.in developing countries, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis causes substantial illness and death, and drug resistance is increasing. isolates from the united kingdom containing virulence-resistance plasmids were characterized. they mainly caused invasive infections in adults linked to africa. the common features in isolates from these continents indicate the role of human travel in their spread.201222709653
caprylic acid reduces salmonella enteritidis populations in various segments of digestive tract and internal organs of 3- and 6-week-old broiler chickens, therapeutically.we investigated the efficacy of feed supplemented with caprylic acid (ca), a natural, 8-carbon fatty acid for reducing salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in commercial broiler chickens. in separate 3- and 6-wk trials, 1-d-old straight-run broiler chicks (n = 70 birds/trial) were assigned to a control group (challenged with salmonella enteritidis, no ca) and 2 replicates of 0.7 and 1% ca (n = 14 birds/group). water and feed were provided ad libitum. on d 1, birds were tested for ...201222700516
characterization of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates recovered from blood and stool specimens in thailand.bacteremia due to salmonella spp. is a life-threatening condition and is commonly associated with immune compromise. a 2009 observational study estimated risk factors for the ten most common non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) serovars isolated from thai patients between 2002-2007. in this study, 60.8% of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates (n = 1517) were recovered from blood specimens and infection with salmonella serovar enteritidis was a statistically significant risk factor for bact ...201222672324
comparison of the prevalence of salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities.a comparison on the prevalence of salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities was investigated. out of 280 laying hens sampled from three commercial layer farms with high rodent densities, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) was isolated from 20 (7.14%) hens and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) from three (1.07%) hens. in contrast, layer hens sampled from f ...201222545525
development of an antigen-capture monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and comparison with culture for detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in poultry hatchery environmental samples.an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for use as a presumptive screening test for detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and other group d salmonella in poultry hatchery environments. a mixture of 2 monoclonal antibodies that recognize different forms of the lipopolysaccharide o-antigen was used for specific detection of group d salmonella. the performance of the elisa was evaluated in comparison to standard salmonella culture procedures. cultur ...201222529117
genetic analysis of multiple antimicrobial resistance in salmonella isolated from diseased broilers in egypt.to date, no information has been available on the molecular bases of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella spp. from poultry in egypt or even in africa. therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze, at the molecular level, the mechanisms of multidrug-resistance in isolates of salmonella recovered from diseased broilers in egypt. twenty-one salmonella isolates were identified; 13 of these isolates were salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and eight salmonella enterica serovar typhimu ...201222500933
salmonella enterica induces joint inflammation and expression of interleukin-17 in draining lymph nodes early after onset of enterocolitis in mice.in developing countries, one-third of reactive arthritis (rea) cases are associated with salmonella enterocolitis; nevertheless, there is no animal model for studying this pathology. here we induced a self-limiting salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis enterocolitis in mice to analyze the onset of rea. balb/c mice received orally 20 μg of streptomycin 24 h before intragastric inoculation of a low dose (3 × 10(3) to 4 × 10(3) cfu) of s. enteritidis. in response to salmonella infection, a 30-fol ...201222493084
hla-b27 modulates intracellular growth of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 mutants and production of cytokines in infected monocytic u937 cells.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 ks8822/88 replicates rapidly in hla-b27-transfected human monocytic u937 cells. in this process, salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) genes play a crucial role. our previous study indicated that 118 salmonella genes, including 8 spi-2 genes were affected by hla-b27 antigen during salmonella infection of u937 cells.201222470519
[antagonistic activity of lactobacilli of the colon].study of antagonistic activity of lactobacilli of the colon against members of its autochthonous bacterial flora and agents of some acute infectious and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.201222442970
loxoribine pretreatment reduces salmonella enteritidis organ invasion in 1-day-old chickens.young poultry exhibit a transient colonization by some food-borne pathogens, including salmonella, during the first week of life that stems from immature innate and acquired defense mechanisms. consequently, modulation of the hosts' natural immune response is emerging as an important area of interest for food animal producers, including the poultry industry. toll-like receptor (tlr) agonists have been shown to boost the innate immune response in young chickens and increase their resistance to co ...201222399745
cytokine signaling in splenic leukocytes from vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens after intravenous infection with salmonella enteritidis.in order to design a new salmonella enterica vaccine, one needs to understand how naive and immune chickens interact differently when exposed to s. enterica. in this study we therefore determined the immune response of vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens after intravenous infection with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis). using flow cytometry we showed that 4 days post infection (dpi), counts of cd4 and b-lymphocytes did not change, cd8 and γδ t-lymphocytes decreased and ...201222384225
decreased colonization of chicks by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum expressing mannose-sensitive fimh adhesin from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.to investigate the role of non-hemagglutinating type 1 fimbriae in the pathogenesis of salmonella gallinarum, the isogenic mutant elaborating type 1 fimbriae with mannose-sensitive (ms) variant of the fimh adhesin from salmonella enteritidis and the mutant strain with no fimh expression were constructed. their binding to chicken leukocytes in vitro and invasiveness in 1-day-old chicks were studied. our results demonstrated that s. gallinarum type 1 fimbriae with an endogenous variant of the fimh ...201222364838
reverse-transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a rapid screening/monitoring tool for salmonella enterica detection in liquid whole eggs.reverse-transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) is a novel molecular detection method that is specific, fast, and simple. it is based on reverse transcription followed by dna amplification using the bst dna polymerase large fragment requiring one temperature and a simple waterbath, without the need for any expensive equipment. detection is by turbidity or agarose gel electrophoresis. our objective was to apply this lamp-based technology to rapidly and sensitively detect sa ...201222352954
characterization of chicken spleen transcriptome after infection with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.in this study we were interested in identification of new markers of chicken response to salmonella enteritidis infection. to reach this aim, gene expression in the spleens of naive chickens and those intravenously infected with s. enteritidis with or without previous oral vaccination was determined by 454 pyrosequencing of splenic mrna/cdna. forty genes with increased expression at the level of transcription were identified. the most inducible genes encoded avidin (avd), extracellular fatty aci ...201223094107
intestinal epithelial responses to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis: effects on intestinal permeability and ion transport.salmonella infection of chickens that leads to potential human foodborne salmonellosis continues to be a major concern. chickens serve as carriers but, in contrast to humans, rarely show any clinical signs including diarrhea. the present investigations aimed to elucidate whether the absence of diarrhea during acute salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) infection may be linked to specific changes in the electrophysiological properties of the chicken gut. immediately aft ...201223091155
polyphasic characterization of salmonella enteritidis isolates on persistently contaminated layer farms during the implementation of a national control program with obligatory vaccination: a longitudinal study.since 2007, a national salmonella control program including obligatory vaccination has been ongoing in belgium. in this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates on 5 persistently contaminated belgian layer farms and to examine the potential sources and transmission routes of salmonella enteritidis contamination on the farms during successive laying rounds. a collection of 346 salmonella isolates originating from th ...201223091125
draft genome sequences of 21 salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strains.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is a common food-borne pathogen, often associated with shell eggs and poultry. here, we report draft genomes of 21 s. enteritidis strains associated with or related to the u.s.-wide 2010 shell egg recall. eleven of these genomes were from environmental isolates associated with the egg outbreak, and 10 were reference isolates from previous years, unrelated to the outbreak. the whole-genome sequence data for these 21 human pathogen strains ar ...201223045502
inactivation of salmonella enterica by uv-c light alone and in combination with mild temperatures.the aim of this investigation was to study the efficacy of the combined processes of uv light and mild temperatures for the inactivation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and to explore the mechanism of inactivation. the doses to inactivate the 99.99% (4d) of the initial population ranged from 18.03 (salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium stcc 878) to 12.75 j ml(-1) (salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 13076). the ph and water activity of the treatment medium did not change the uv ...201223001665
immunization with outer membrane protein a from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis induces humoral immune response but no protection against homologous challenge in chickens.vaccination of poultry is one promising strategy to mitigate salmonella infection in poultry and, in turn, humans as well. we evaluated the efficacy of outer membrane protein a (ompa) as a novel vaccine candidate against salmonella in poultry. native ompa purified from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was mixed with adjuvant and administered intramuscularly to 41-d-old chicks. the vaccinated birds showed no decrease in cecal excretion and tissue colonization compared with the unvaccinated ...201222991526
transposon mutagenesis of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis identifies genes that contribute to invasiveness in human and chicken cells and survival in egg albumen.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is an important food-borne pathogen, and chickens are a primary reservoir of human infection. while most knowledge about salmonella pathogenesis is based on research conducted on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, s. enteritidis is known to have pathobiology specific to chickens that impacts epidemiology in humans. therefore, more information is needed about s. enteritidis pathobiology in comparison to that of s. typhimurium. we used transposon mutag ...201222988017
survival and growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in membrane-processed liquid egg white with ph, temperature, and storage conditions as controlling factors.processing temperature and ph are known to influence the lethality and cell injury in many microbial interventions. a study was undertaken to determine the effects of variations in solution ph and process temperature on the removal and growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in liquid egg white (lew) by microfiltration (mf) membrane process. the effects of various storage conditions on the growth of salmonella in membrane-separated lew were evaluated. pretreated and ph-adjusted (ph 6 t ...201222980004
salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs: evolving concerns and innovative control measures.the issue of egg contamination with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis rose to prominence several decades ago with increasing rate of infection around the world. recent outbreaks have assured that this problem maintains a place in the public consciousness. extensive research has been conducted to investigate the factors precipitating contamination events, their avoidance, and mitigation of the threat of contaminated eggs; consequently, regulations have been put in place to increase the safe ...201222958532
investigation into the role of five salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis genomic islands in colonization of the chicken reproductive tract and other organs following oral challenge.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a major cause of human gastrointestinal tract disease, infection being due in large part to the consumption of contaminated eggs. recent genome sequencing of s. enterica serovars has identified genomic islands, the presence of which differs between serovars. using defined mutants, we have investigated the contribution that five such loci play in the colonization of the avian reproductive tract, other organs and avian macrophages. all loci appear to play ...201222889182
high pressure treatments on the inactivation of salmonella enteritidis and the characteristics of beef carpaccio.the effect of high pressure (hp) on salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis in beef carpaccio stored under temperature abuse conditions (8 °c) during 30 days was investigated. after treatment, reductions of s. enteritidis were 3.68 and 5.94 log cfu/g in samples pressurized at 450 mpa for 5 and 10 min, respectively, whereas the pathogen was only detected after enrichment of samples treated at 450 mpa for 15 min. during storage, counts of s. enteritidis decreased 0.26 log cfu/g in ...201222863078
efficacy of soluble recombinant flic protein from salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis as a potential vaccine candidate against homologous challenge in chickens.flic, the flagellin antigen of salmonella enteritidis, was tested as a vaccine candidate for protective effect against a homologous challenge in chickens. after immunization with recombinant flic (rflic) or administration of phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) at 56 days old, the chickens were challenged with 10(9) colony-forming units of salmonella enteritidis at 76 days old. the vaccinated birds showed significantly decreased bacterial counts in the liver and cecal contents compared to those admin ...201222856193
immune response to liposome-associated recombinant sef21 following oral immunization in chickens.in order to generate salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis fimbriae antigens (rsef21), the intact region encoding sef21 was amplified from salmonella enteritidis by pcr and subcloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pet-28a(+) to yield pet-28a(+)-sef21. the rsef21 protein was highly expressed and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. liposomeassociated rsef21 was prepared for oral immunization to seek protective efficacy for intestinal infection with salmonella enteritidis. evidence ...201222856192
cpg oligonucleotides and recombinant interferon-γ in combination improve protection in chickens to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis challenge as an adjuvant component, but have no effect in reducing salmonella carriage in infected chickens.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is the most common cause of human salmonellosis in many developed nations. it is frequently associated with both poultry meat and eggs. in the present study we have determined whether cpg oligonucleotides that stimulate the immune system via toll like-receptors 15 and 21 in the chicken can be used as immunomodulatory agents to break carriage of s. enteritidis in in vitro and in vivo infection models. we also investigated its use as a component in an adjuva ...201222845324
epigenetic modification: possible approach to reduce salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis susceptibility under stress conditions.stressors may influence chicken susceptibility to pathogens such as salmonella enterica. feed withdrawal stress can cause changes in normal intestinal epithelial structure and may lead to increased attachment and colonization of salmonella. this study aimed to investigate modulatory effects of epigenetic modification by feed restriction on s. enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in broiler chickens subjected to feed withdrawal stress. chicks were divided into four groups: ad libitum feeding ...201222834548
numbers of salmonella recovered by sponge or low volume whole carcass rinse sampling of inoculated commercial turkey carcasses.processed turkey carcasses are sampled for salmonella via sponge sampling, whereas broilers are sampled via whole carcass rinses. because different sampling methods have been reported to produce different results, sponge sampling and whole carcass rinsing (wcr) were performed on turkey hen carcasses inoculated with a known amount of nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. five turkey hen carcasses were collected from the shackle line in a commercial processing plant in ...201222802199
the structures of coiled-coil domains from type iii secretion system translocators reveal homology to pore-forming toxins.many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria utilize type iii secretion systems (t3sss) to alter the normal functions of target cells. shigella flexneri uses its t3ss to invade human intestinal cells to cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) that is responsible for over one million deaths per year. the shigella type iii secretion apparatus is composed of a basal body spanning both bacterial membranes and an exposed oligomeric needle. host altering effectors are secreted through this energized unidire ...201222321794
the asd(+)-dadb(+) dual-plasmid system offers a novel means to deliver multiple protective antigens by a recombinant attenuated salmonella vaccine.we developed means to deliver multiple heterologous antigens on dual plasmids with non-antibiotic-resistance markers in a single recombinant attenuated vaccine strain of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. the first component of this delivery system is a strain of s. typhimurium carrying genomic deletions in alr, dadb, and asd, resulting in obligate requirements for diaminopimelic acid (dap) and d-alanine for growth. the second component is the asd(+)-dadb(+) plasmid pair carrying wild-typ ...201222868499
co-administration of live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing swine interleukin-18 and interferon-α provides enhanced th1-biased protective immunity against inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus.the co-administration of two or more cytokines may generate additive or synergistic effects for controlling infectious diseases. however, the practical use of cytokine combinations for the modulation of immune responses against inactivated vaccine has not been demonstrated in livestock yet, primarily due to protein stability, production, and costs associated with mass administration. in light of the current situation, we evaluated the immunomodulatory functions of the combined administration of ...201222551253
obacunone represses salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 in an envz-dependent fashion.obacunone belongs to a class of unique triterpenoids called limonoids, present in citrus species. previous studies from our laboratory suggested that obacunone possesses antivirulence activity and demonstrates inhibition of cell-cell signaling in vibrio harveyi and escherichia coli o157:h7. the present work sought to determine the effect of obacunone on the food-borne pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 by using a cdna microarray. transcriptomic studies indicated that obacunone ...201222843534
the effect of low shear force on the virulence potential of yersinia pestis: new aspects that space-like growth conditions and the final frontier can teach us about a formidable pathogen.manned space exploration has created a need to evaluate the effects of space-like stress (sls) on pathogenic and opportunistic microbes. interestingly, several gram-negative enteric pathogens, e.g., salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, have revealed a transient hyper-virulent phenotype following simulated microgravity (smg) or actual space flight exposures. we have explored the virulence potential of yersinia pestis kim/d27 (yp) following exposure to mechanical low shear forces associated wi ...201222919696
vulnerabilities in yersinia pestis caf operon are unveiled by a salmonella vector.during infection, yersinia pestis uses its f1 capsule to enhance survival and cause virulence to mammalian host. since f1 is produced in large quantities and secreted into the host tissues, it also serves as a major immune target. to hold this detrimental effect under proper control, y. pestis expresses the caf operon (encoding the f1 capsule) in a temperature-dependent manner. however, additional properties of the caf operon limit its expression. by overexpressing the caf operon in wild-type sa ...201222558420
epidemiology of a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain associated with a songbird outbreak.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is responsible for the majority of salmonellosis cases worldwide. this salmonella serovar is also responsible for die-offs in songbird populations. in 2009, there was an s. typhimurium epizootic reported in pine siskins in the eastern united states. at the time, there was also a human outbreak with this serovar that was associated with contaminated peanuts. as peanuts are also used in wild-bird food, it was hypothesized that the pine siskin ...201222885752
hemophagocytic macrophages in murine typhoid fever have an anti-inflammatory phenotype.histiocytes are white blood cells of the monocytic lineage and include macrophages and dendritic cells. in patients with a variety of infectious and noninfectious inflammatory disorders, histiocytes can engulf nonapoptotic leukocytes and nonsenescent erythrocytes and thus become hemophagocytes. we report here the identification and characterization of splenic hemophagocytes in a natural model of murine typhoid fever. the development of a flow-cytometric method allowed us to identify hemophagocyt ...201222868497
infection cycle of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in latent carrier mice.this work reports the distribution of an oral dose of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) in c57bl/6-bcgr mice, to study its pathogenesis in a latent carrier animal. mice orally inoculated with a high dose of se developed a latent infection characterized by the absence of clinical symptoms in which the cecum is functioning as a "strategic site" of se proliferation, releasing bacteria into feces intermittently over the 4-week study. a sequence of disruptions occurred in the small intesti ...201223210996
immunological changes at point-of-lay increase susceptibility to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection in vaccinated chickens.chicken eggs are the main source of human salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection. s. enteritidis infects the oviduct and ovary of the chicken leading to infection of developing eggs. therefore, control in poultry production is a major public health priority. vaccination of hens has proved successful in control strategies in united kingdom leading to a 70% drop in human cases since introduced. however, as hens reach sexual maturity they become immunosuppressed and it has been postulate ...201223133568
detection of non-pcr amplified s. enteritidis genomic dna from food matrices using a gold-nanoparticle dna biosensor: a proof-of-concept study.bacterial pathogens pose an increasing food safety and bioterrorism concern. current dna detection methods utilizing sensitive nanotechnology and biosensors have shown excellent detection, but require expensive and time-consuming polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify dna targets; thus, a faster, more economical method is still essential. in this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the ability of a gold nanoparticle-dna (aunp-dna) biosensor to detect non-pcr amplified genomic salmonella ...201223112611
effect of high hydrostatic pressure and pressure cycling on a pathogenic salmonella enterica serovar cocktail inoculated into creamy peanut butter.the ability of salmonella enterica serovars to survive in high fat content, low water activity foods like peanut butter has been demonstrated by large foodborne illness outbreaks in recent years. this study investigates the potential of high hydrostatic pressure processing, including pressure cycling, to inactivate salmonella inoculated into creamy peanut butter. a cocktail of pathogenic strains of salmonella enteritidis pt30, salmonella tennessee, salmonella oranienburg, salmonella anatum, salm ...201222221373
dietary arginine supplementation alleviates immune challenge induced by salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis bacterin potentially through the toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 signalling pathway in weaned piglets.the present study evaluated whether dietary arginine (arg) supplementation could attenuate immune challenge induced by salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis c500 (s.c500) through the toll-like receptor (tlr) 4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) signalling pathway in weaned piglets. a total of thirty-six weaned pigs were randomly allocated into six groups with six replicates per group. pigs were subjected to three dietary treatments (namely two groups per treatment) in the first week (0 ...201222214652
one-step triplex high-resolution melting analysis for rapid identification and simultaneous subtyping of frequently isolated salmonella serovars.salmonellosis is one of the most important food-borne diseases worldwide. for outbreak investigation and infection control, accurate and fast subtyping methods are essential. a triplex gene-scanning assay was developed and evaluated for serotype-specific subtyping of salmonella enterica isolates based on specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in fragments of fljb, gyrb, and ycfq. simultaneous gene scanning of fljb, gyrb, and ycfq by high-resolution melting-curve analysis of 417 salmonella isol ...201222344662
transcriptional regulation of the asst-dsbl-dsbi gene cluster in salmonella enterica serovar typhi imss-1 depends on leuo, h-ns, and specific growth conditions.the asst gene encodes an arylsulfate sulfotransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes sulfuryl transfer from phenolic sulfate to a phenolic acceptor. in salmonella enterica serovar typhi imss-1, the asst gene is located upstream of the dsbl and dsbi genes, which are involved in a disulfide bond formation required for its activation. the asst-dsbl-dsbi gene cluster forms an operon transcribed by a leuo-dependent promoter, in rich medium a (ma). interestingly, in the absence of cloned leuo and in a δleu ...201222343301
the pdum protein is a structural component of the microcompartments involved in coenzyme b(12)-dependent 1,2-propanediol degradation by salmonella enterica.diverse bacteria use proteinaceous microcompartments (mcps) to optimize metabolic pathways that have toxic or volatile intermediates. mcps consist of metabolic enzymes encased within a protein shell that provides a defined environment. in salmonella enterica, a mcp is involved in b(12)-dependent 1,2-propanediol utilization (pdu mcp). in this report, we show that the protein pdum is required for the assembly and function of the pdu mcp. the results of tandem mass spectrometry and western blot ana ...201222343294
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