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[phylogenesis of steroid-transport proteins in the blood: detection and characteristics of the sex-steroid-binding protein in the blood plasma of the carp].the interaction of 3h-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 3h-progesterone, 3h-cortisol and 3h-testosterone with the cyprinus carpio blood proteins was studied by means of adsorption on the activated charcoal and equilibrium dialysis. protein which specifically binds androgen-, estradiol-, progesterone- and, to a lesser degree, corticosteroids was present in the blood plasma. the equilibrium constants of 3h-steroid association with this protein, the concentration off steroid-binding sites and its hormon ...20166419223
[hypophysial stimulation of oestradiol-17 beta secretion in carp, cyprinus carpio l (author's transl)].using radioimmunoassays, plasma levels of carp gonadotropin (c-gth) and oestradiol-17 beta (e2) are measured every day in carp, during induced spawning (water temperature = 15 degrees c). ten carps injected twice intraperitonealy with a total extract of carp hypophysis (0,6 mg/kg bw at jo and 5,4 mg/kg bw at j1) are compared to a lot receiving only saline solution. no evolution is detected in that last group when in the experimental one e2 level increases with exogenous c-gth (see table). even i ...2016443748
[summary glycogen in carp after glucagon or insulin injection (author's transl) (proceedings)]. 20161026186
[influence of biogenic amines on the opercular mechanism of the teleost, the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.)]. 20165586932
[formation and strenghthening of food conditioned reflexes from scent analyzer in fish (carp) in ontogeny]. 20165759871
metal pollution in biotic and abiotic samples of the büyük menderes river, turkey.the büyük menderes river (bmr) is one of the largest rivers in turkey. this river irrigates efficient farmlands and includes tributaries of other rivers and streams and many populated towns within its limits in the ege region. both the estuary and işıklı lake serve as a sanctuary for various waterbirds. therefore, the bmr plays a critical role both for the inhabitants and for the ecosystem organisms in its environs. in the present study, we analyzed levels of metals including iron, barium, zinc, ...201726971518
dietary fish oil replacement by linseed oil: effect on growth, nutrient utilization, tissue fatty acid composition and desaturase gene expression in silver barb (puntius gonionotus) fingerlings.silver barb (puntius gonionotus) is considered a promising medium carp species for freshwater aquaculture in asia. this study in silver barb was carried out to evaluate the effects of total or partial substitution of dietary fish oil (fo) with linseed oil (lo) on growth, nutrient utilization, whole-body composition, muscle and liver fatty acid composition. fish (12.1±0.4g of initial body weight) were fed for 60days with five experimental iso-proteinous, iso-lipidic and iso-caloric diets in which ...201727913275
polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in great lakes fish: levels, patterns, trends and implications for human exposure.levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) were measured in edible portions of great lakes fish, with the goal of examining patterns/trends and evaluating implications for human exposure. a total of 470 fillets of 18 fish species collected from various parts of the canadian waters of the great lakes between 2006 and 2013 were analyzed for 17 (expanded to 33 in 2009) pbdes. for a limited number of species, fillet to whole body and fillet to eggs pbdes were compared to examine pattern and co ...201727865120
parasite-induced increases in the energy costs of movement of host freshwater fish.parasitization by the larvae (glochidia) of freshwater mussels can cause harm to a fish's gills, resulting in less effective respiration and/or reduced activity by the host fish. the impact of glochidia infections on the host's physiology remains poorly understood, and no information is available concerning energy consumption in parasitized fish. hence, we obtained glochidia of the invasive unionid mussel sinanodonta (anodonta) woodiana and experimentally infected common carp, cyprinus carpio, t ...201728087365
modulation of erythromycin-induced biochemical responses in crucian carp by ketoconazole.the individual and combined biochemical responses of erythromycin and ketoconazole have been examined in an organism representative of the aquatic environment, crucian carp (carassius auratus). the possible interactions between erythromycin and ketoconazole were investigated on the bioaccumulation and the expression of biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst), and an antioxidant defense enzyme superoxide dismutase (sod) in fish tissues. ...201728004371
spontaneous polyploidy, gynogenesis and androgenesis in second generation (f2 ) koi cyprinus carpio × goldfish carassius auratus hybrids.the objective of this study was to characterize the genetics of second generation (f2 ) koi cyprinus carpio × goldfish carassius auratus hybrids. spermatozoa produced by a novel, fertile f1 male were found to be diploid by flow-cytometric analysis. backcross (f1 female × c. carpio male and c. carpio female × f1 male) juveniles were triploid, confirming that female and male f1 hybrids both produced diploid gametes. the vast majority of surviving f2 juveniles was diploid and small proportions were ...201727861861
sperm quality and its freezing ability throughout the spawning season in prochilodus lineatus and brycon orbignyanus.the aim of this study was to determine fresh and frozen sperm quality evaluated over two spawning seasons (2013-2014; 2014-2015) in prochilodus lineatus and brycon orbignyanus. the spawning seasons were divided into two sampling periods: november to december and january to february. males were hand-stripped after carp pituitary treatment. fresh sperm motility rate, velocities (curvilinear = vcl; straight-line = vsl; average path = vap), and the beat cross frequency (bcf) were determined using a ...201728166981
bacterial signatures of "red-operculum" disease in the gut of crucian carp (carassius auratus).fish gut microbiota play important roles in fish immunity, nutrition, and the adaptation to environmental changes. to date, few studies have focused on the interactions among environmental factors, fish diseases, and gut microbiota compositions. we compared the gut bacterial communities of healthy crucian carps (carassius auratus) with those of individuals affected by "red-operculum" disease and corresponding water and sediment microbiota in four fish farm ponds. distinct gut bacterial communiti ...201728364130
bioconcentration and multi-biomarkers of organic uv filters (bm-dbm and od-paba) in crucian carp.organic uv filters (ouv-fs) are increasingly used in sunscreens and personal care products. in the present work, the bioconcentration and multi-biomarker effects of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (bm-dbm) and ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoate (od-paba) were investigated in crucian carp (carassius auratus). the fish were exposed to various concentrations of bm-dbm (3.88, 35.61, 181.85 and 337.15μg/l), od-paba (4.66, 53.83, 264.22 and 459.32μg/l) and their mixture (2.31+2.79, 23.69+26.18, 97.37+1 ...201728343007
influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the effects of roxithromycin in crucian carp (carassius auratus) in the presence of natural organic matter.carbon nanotubes are increasingly entering the aquatic environment and may interact with other co-existing contaminants, such as antibiotics. however, whether these interactions may affect their bioavailability in aquatic organisms is the subject of considerable debate. the primary objective of this study was to assess the risks arising from the coexistence of roxithromycin (rox) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) in waters containing natural organic matter (nom), focusing on the distrib ...201728324838
allometric analysis of a morphological anti-predator trait in geographic populations of japanese crucian carp.costly anti-predator traits tend to be expressed only in high-predation conditions. for the cyprinid fish genus carassius, deeper body depth is more adaptive to avoid predation by gape-limited piscivorous fish, but it raises swimming costs. it is therefore predicted that the relative body depth will decrease when the prey fish has reached a size larger than the predator gape-size. this prediction was tested by allometric analysis of the relation between body depth and standard length of triploid ...201728150742
detection of orf6 protein associated with latent khv infection.koi herpesvirus (khv) is highly pathogenic to cyprinus carpio. khv can also become latent in recovered fish and reactivate from latency under stressful conditions. understanding khv latency is important for development of strategies against herpesvirus latent infection. our previous studies found khv orf6 mrna is detectable during latent infection. in this study, orf6 protein expression was investigated by a polyclonal antibody specific to orf6 peptide. positive staining by an immunofluorescence ...201727771562
diagnostic validation of three test methods for detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3).cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is the aetiological agent of koi herpesvirus disease in koi and common carp. the disease is notifiable to the world organisation for animal health. three tests-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr), conventional pcr (cpcr) and virus isolation by cell culture (vi)-were validated to assess their fitness as diagnostic tools for detection of cyhv-3. test performance metrics of diagnostic accuracy were sensitivity (dse) and specificity (dsp). repeatability and ...201728262633
conserved fever pathways across vertebrates: a herpesvirus expressed decoy tnf-α receptor delays behavioral fever in fish.both endotherms and ectotherms (e.g., fish) increase their body temperature to limit pathogen infection. ectotherms do so by moving to warmer places, hence the term "behavioral fever." we studied the manifestation of behavioral fever in the common carp infected by cyprinid herpesvirus 3, a native carp pathogen. carp maintained at 24°c died from the infection, whereas those housed in multi-chamber tanks encompassing a 24°c-32°c gradient migrated transiently to the warmest compartment and survived ...201728182952
transcriptomic analysis of common carp anterior kidney during cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infection: immunoglobulin repertoire and homologue functional divergence.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) infects koi and common carp and causes widespread mortalities. while the virus is a significant concern for aquaculture operations in many countries, in australia the virus may be a useful biocontrol agent for pest carp. however, carp immune responses to cyhv-3, and the molecular mechanisms underpinning resistance, are not well understood. here we used rna-seq on carp during different phases of cyhv-3 infection to detect the gene expression dynamics of both host a ...201728148967
susceptibility of isogeneic ginbuna carassius auratus langsdorfii temminck et schlegel to cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (cyhv-2) as a model species.herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (hvhn), caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (cyhv-2), has affected the commercial production of the goldfish carassius auratus and gibelio carp carassius auratus gibelio. high water temperature treatments are reported to reduce the mortality rate of infected goldfish and elicit immunity in the survivors. to define the mechanism by which this intervention induces resistance, clonal ginbuna carassius auratus langsdorfii, which is closely related to both species and ...201727150547
development of a pcr assay to detect cyprinid herpesvirus 1 in koi and common carp.cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (cyhv1) infects all scaled and color varieties of common carp cyprinus carpio, including koi. while it is most often associated with unsightly growths known as 'carp pox,' the underlying lesion (epidermal hyperplasia) can arise from a variety of disease processes. cyhv1-induced epidermal hyperplasia may occur transiently in response to water temperature, and thus histopathology cannot be used in isolation to assess cyhv1 infection status. to address this problem, here we d ...201728177290
stimulatory effects of heat-killed enterococcus faecalis on cell-mediated immunity in fish.intracellular bacterial and viral diseases are widespread in the aquaculture industry and cause serious economic losses. development of effective vaccines and adjuvants that can induce cell-mediated immunity is urgently needed for prevention of these diseases. here we report the immunostimulatory effects of probiotic bacteria ''e. faecalis'' in ginbuna crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii. intraperitoneal injection of heat-killed e. faecalis induced an increase in cd4-1(+) lymphocytes, cd8 ...201728389237
quantitative analyses of the bacterial microbiota of rearing environment, tilapia and common carp cultured in earthen ponds and inhibitory activity of its lactic acid bacteria on fish spoilage and pathogenic bacteria.the present study aimed to evaluate the bacterial load of water, nile tilapia and common carp intestines from earthen ponds, isolate lactic acid bacteria (lab) and assess their antimicrobial activity against fish spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. following enumeration and isolation of microorganisms the antimicrobial activity of the lab isolates was evaluated. taxonomic identification of selected antagonistic lab strains was assessed, followed by partial characterisation of their antimicrobial m ...201728063102
emergence of a new rhabdovirus associated with mass mortalities in eelpout (zoarces viviparous) in the baltic sea.we report the first description of a new rhabdoviridae tentatively named eelpout rhabdovirus (eprv genus perhabdovirus). this virus was associated with mass mortalities in eelpout (zoarces viviparous, linnaeus) along the swedish baltic sea coast line in 2014. diseased fish showed signs of central nervous system infection, and brain lesions were confirmed by histology. a cytopathogenic effect was observed in cell culture, but elisas for the epizootic piscine viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus ( ...201727416895
transcriptome sequence of the bloodstream form of trypanoplasma borreli, a hematozoic parasite of fish transmitted by leeches.here, we report a transcriptome sequence of trypanoplasma borreli isolated from its natural host, the common carp, cyprinus carpio the transcriptome allows an analysis of abundant cell surface proteins and acts as a comparator for understanding the evolution and pathogenicity of other kinetoplastida, including several that infect humans.201728254980
zebrafish stat6 negatively regulates ifnφ1 production by attenuating the kinase activity of tank-binding kinase 1.the aquatic spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) causes significant mortality in common carp (cyprinus carpio), and tbk1 plays a crucial role in the retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptor (rlr) system by phosphorylating its substrates to induce type i interferons (ifns) and cellular antiviral responses. in this study, we report that zebrafish stat6 is induced during svcv infection and reduces ifnφ1 expression by suppressing tbk1 phosphorylation. a typical ifn stimulatory response el ...201727743998
isolation of infectious microalga prototheca wickerhamii from a carp (cyprinus carpio) - a first confirmed case report of protothecosis in a fish.protothecosis is a rare infection caused by environmentally ubiquitous achlorophyllic microalgae of the genus prototheca. here, we describe a first case of protothecosis in a carp (cyprinus carpio), which is at the same time the first case of protothecosis in a fish, confirmed by phenotype- and molecular-based methods, including pcr sequencing of the rdna cluster and protein profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.201728300290
biologically active recombinant carp lh as a spawning-inducing agent for carp.currently, spawning is induced in carp species by carp pituitary extract (cpe) and a combination of synthetic agonist of gnrh combined with a dopamine antagonist. the main goal of this study was the production of recombinant gonadotropins (gths) on a large scale to serve as an alternative to currently used agents. we produced carp (c) recombinant (r) lh as a single chain in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris lha subunit was joined with lhb subunit with a flexible linker of three glycine-se ...201727999090
first report of rahnella aquatilis infection in crucian carp carassius auratus in china.rahnella aquatilis infection is rare in aquaculture. here, a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from diseased crucian carp carassius auratus in xuzhou city, jiangsu province, eastern china. the isolate was tentatively named strain kcl-5, and subsequently identified as r. aquatilis by biochemical properties and molecular techniques. the results showed that the isolate kcl-5 was most closely related to the type strain atcc33071 (= dsm4594) of r. aquatilis, which shared 99.67, 96.26 an ...201728322207
effects of portable solar water quality control machines on aquaculture ponds.the effects of a portable solar water quality control machine (pswm) on water quality and sediment of aquaculture ponds were studied in bream aquaculture ponds in shanghai, china. pswm operation reduced the temperature and dissolved oxygen (do) differences between upper and lower water levels. concentrations of nh4(+)-n, no2(-)-n, tn, tp, cod and tss increased rapidly and reached maximums at 12 h. the density and biomass of phytoplankton and levels of chlorophyll a reached maximums after 40 h of ...201727928749
helminth parasites of finfish commercial aquaculture in latin america.latin america has tripled production by aquaculture up to 78 million tonnes in the past 20 years. however, one of the problems that aquaculture is facing is the presence of helminth parasites and the diseases caused by them in the region. in this review we have collected all the available information on helminths affecting commercial aquaculture in latin america and the caribbean (lac), emphasizing those causing serious economic losses. monogeneans are by far the most common and aggressive paras ...201727976599
use of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and aeromonas salmonicida for detection of immunomodulatory effects of chemicals on fish.to develop a test for assessing the immunomodulatory effects of chemical pollutants on fish, we evaluated the effects of dexamethasone on the natural host-pathogen interaction between common carp (cyprinus carpio) and aeromonas salmonicida. carp were exposed to 1mgl(-1) dexamethasone for the entire experimental period. one week after the exposure test started, the exposed fish, as well as unexposed fish, were bath-infected with a. salmonicida. one hundred percent mortality was observed in bacter ...201728063699
intestinal immune responses of jian carp against aeromonas hydrophila depressed by choline deficiency: varied change patterns of mrna levels of cytokines, tight junction proteins and related signaling molecules among three intestinal segments.this study aimed to investigate the effects of choline deficiency on intestinal inflammation of fish after aeromonas hydrophila infection and the potential molecular mechanisms. juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) were fed two diets containing choline at 165 (deficient group) and 607 mg/kg diet respectively for 65 days. choline deficiency decreased intestinal lysozyme activity, c3 and igm contents, increased acid phosphatase activity, downregulated mrna levels of antimicrobial peptide ...201728366783
molecular characterization and expression analysis of toll-like receptors 5 and 22 from natural triploid carassius auratus.innate immunity, as the most primitive and universal host defense in fish, constitutes an efficient first line of defense to combat invading microbes. toll-like receptors (tlrs) play essential roles in the innate immunity, and tlr5 and tlr22 are two important tlrs that can recognize flagellin and double stranded rna (dsrna), respectively. in this study, we identified and characterized two tlrs genes of qihe crucian carp (carassius auratus) (designated as catlr5 and catlr22). the full-length cdna ...201728259778
comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy and aeromonas hydrophila-infected crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio).the comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (enr) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (cip) were investigated in healthy and aeromonas hydrophila-infected crucian carp after a single oral (p.o.) administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg at 25 °c. the plasma concentrations of enr and of cip were determined by hplc. pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on mean enr concentrations by noncompartmental modeling. in healthy fish, the elimination half-life (t1/2λz ), maximum plasma concentratio ...201728205238
serine protease inhibitor kazal-type 2 is expressed in the male reproductive tract of carp with a possible role in antimicrobial protection.the presence of the low-molecular-mass serine protease inhibitor kazal-type (spink) is a characteristic feature of vertebrate semen. its main function is control of the serine protease in the acrosome, acrosin. here we showed for the first time that spink is present in the seminal plasma of carp, which have anacrosomal spermatozoa. using a three-step isolation procedure that consisted in gel filtration and rp-hplc and re-rp-hplc, we isolated this inhibitor and identified it as serine protease in ...201727867114
molecular cloning and characterization of lrtlr4, analysis of its inductive expression and associated down-stream signaling molecules following lipopolysaccharide stimulation and gram-negative bacterial infection.toll-like receptors (tlrs) play key roles in innate immunity from lower to higher vertebrates. among various tlr types, tlr4 was reported to recognize lps in higher vertebrates resulting in the activation of down-stream signaling pathway. except in some teleosts, function of tlr4 in most fish species including rohu (labeo rohita) a commercially important fish species in the south-east asian countries remained unknown. to investigate it, full-length cdna of labeo rohita tlr4 (lrtlr4) was cloned, ...201727838566
probiotic potential of autochthonous bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four freshwater teleosts.in this study, a total of 121 bacterial strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four teleostean species, namely striped snakehead (channa striatus), striped dwarf catfish (mystus vittatus), orangefin labeo (labeo calbasu) and mrigal carp (cirrhinus mrigala), among which 8 isolates showed promising antibacterial activity against four potential fish pathogens, aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas salmonicida, aeromonas sobria and pseudomonas fluorescens and were non-hemolytic. the isol ...201727557836
the complete mitochondrial genome of carassius auratus var. high back crucian carp (cypriniformes: cyprinidae).in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of carassius auratus var. high back crucian carp (c. auratus var.) was determined (genbank accession number is kt756205). the mitochondrial genome sequence of c. auratus var. was a circular molecule with 16 581 bp in length, and contained 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes, including 2 ribosomal rna genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes and a control region (d-loop). four nucleotide compositions and their relative propo ...201726709972
using accelerometry to quantify prey attack and handling behaviours in piscivorous pike esox lucius.accelerometer technology was used to evaluate behaviours in the teleost ambush predator pike esox lucius foraging on crucian carp carassius carassius. automated rule-based estimates of prey-size determined handling time were obtained and are compared with video-recorded behaviours. solutions to tag attachment and the limitations imposed by battery-time and data-logging capacities are evaluated.201728393360
species-specific and structure-dependent debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ether in fish by in vitro hepatic metabolism.to explore the cause of species-specific differences and structure-activity relationships in the debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in fish, a series of in vitro measurements of hepatic metabolism of pbde were made using crucian carp (carassius carassius) and catfish (silurus asotus) and the activity of deiodinase in liver microsomes was measured. debromination was observed in the crucian carp but not in the catfish. no difference was found in total deiodinase activity despi ...201728135018
does turbidity induced by carassius carassius limit phytoplankton growth? a mesocosm study.it is well established that benthivorous fish in shallow lakes can create turbid conditions that influence phytoplankton growth both positively, as a result of elevated nutrient concentration in the water column, and negatively, due to increased attenuation of light. the net effect depends upon the degree of turbidity induced by the benthivores. stocked carassius carassius dominate the benthivorous fish fauna in many nutrient-rich chinese subtropical and tropical shallow lakes, but the role of t ...201728000069
effects of prolonged anoxia on electrical activity of the heart in crucian carp (carassius carassius).the effects of sustained anoxia on cardiac electrical excitability were examined in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp (carassius carassius). the electrocardiogram (ecg) and expression of excitation-contraction coupling genes were studied in fish acclimatised to normoxia in summer (+18°c) or winter (+2°c), and in winter fish after 1, 3 and 6 weeks of anoxia. anoxia induced a sustained bradycardia from a heart rate of 10.3±0.77 beats min(-1) to 4.1±0.29 beats min(-1) (p<0.05) after 5 weeks, and hea ...201727872214
comparative assessment of physico-chemical characteristics and fibril formation capacity of thermostable carp scales collagen.collagen and collagen fibers have been widely documented as a potential and competitive biomaterial for medical applications. however, the searches for safe and realistic new collagen sources are still underway. currently, fishery by-products (scales), a promising collagen source are usually discarded. in the present study, in vitro fibril-forming ability of the extracted fish scale collagen is reported. the aim of the investigation was to evaluate the concomitant comparison of fibril-forming ab ...201727770898
influences of exogenous melatonin on the oocyte growth and oxidative status of ovary during different reproductive phases of an annual cycle in carp catla catla.the present study aimed to evaluate antioxidant role of melatonin in determining seasonality of ovarian growth in adult carp catla catla. accordingly, an identical regimen of exogenous melatonin administration (100 μg/100 g body weight per day for 15 days) was followed during the preparatory, prespawning, and spawning phases of an annual reproductive cycle. the study did not include postspawning phase, when the ovaries were completely regressed and devoid of any healthy growing follicles. the ov ...201727743691
new host record of five flavobacterium species associated with tropical fresh water farmed fishes from north india.yellow pigmented, filamentous, gram-negative bacteria belonging to genus flavobacterium are commonly associated with infections in stressed fish. in this study, inter-species diversity of flavobacterium was studied in apparently healthy freshwater farmed fishes. for this, ninety one yellow pigmented bacteria were isolated from skin and gill samples (n = 38) of three farmed fish species i.e. labeo rohita, catla catla and cyprinus carpio. among them, only twelve bacterial isolates (13.18%) were id ...201726691454
lernaea cyprinacea infection in a new host puntius pulchellus in intensive culture system and its control by doramectin.the present study explored the susceptibility of puntius pulchellus subadults to lernaea cyprinacea infection subsequent upon their first introduction to an intensive culture system that had a previous history of lernaea infection and evaluated the efficacy of doramectin against the parasite. all the p. pulchellus introduced to the culture pond got infected demonstrating 100 % susceptibility of this species to lernaea infection. pathological changes caused by the parasite as evidenced by the ext ...201728316399
development of a common carp (cyprinus carpio) pregnane x receptor (cpxr) transactivation reporter assay and its activation by azole fungicides and pharmaceutical chemicals.in mammals, the pregnane x receptor (pxr) is a transcription factor with a key role in regulating expression of several genes involved in drug biotransformation. pxr is present in fish and some genes known to be under its control can be up-regulated by mammalian pxr ligands. despite this, direct involvement of pxr in drug biotransformation in fish has yet to be established. here, the full length pxr sequence was cloned from carp (cyprinus carpio) and used in a luciferase reporter assay to elucid ...201728259787
genomic and transcriptomic approaches to study immunology in cyprinids: what is next?accelerated by the introduction of next-generation sequencing (ngs), a number of genomes of cyprinid fish species have been drafted, leading to a highly valuable collective resource of comparative genome information on cyprinids (cyprinidae). in addition, ngs-based transcriptome analyses of different developmental stages, organs, or cell types, increasingly contribute to the understanding of complex physiological processes, including immune responses. cyprinids are a highly interesting family be ...201728257855
zebra fish lacking adaptive immunity acquire an antiviral alert state characterized by upregulated gene expression of apoptosis, multigene families, and interferon-related genes.to investigate fish innate immunity, we have conducted organ and cell immune-related transcriptomic as well as immunohistologic analysis in mutant zebra fish (danio rerio) lacking adaptive immunity (rag1(-/-)) at different developmental stages (egg, larvae, and adult), before and after infection with spring viremia carp virus (svcv). the results revealed that, compared to immunocompetent zebra fish (rag1(+/+) ), rag1(-/-) acquired increased resistance to svcv with age, correlating with elevated ...201728243233
nutritional and digestive properties of protein isolates extracted from the muscle of the common carp using ph-shift processing.this study details the nutritional and digestive properties of protein isolates that are extracted from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) muscle using ph shifting methods. alkaline (alpi) and acid (acpi) protein isolates exhibit higher protein yields (87.6%, 76.3%, respectively). in addition to the high recovery of myofibrillar protein, a portion of the water-soluble proteins is also recovered. the moisture contents of acpi and alpi are 85.5% and 88.5%, respectively, and the crude protein contents of th ...201728239212
first record of myxozoan parasites from fresh water fishes of jammu and kashmir and their pathogenecity.the present study was aimed to isolate myxozoan parasites infecting the native carp schizothorax esocinus (heckel) and pond reared carp labeo rohita (ham.) collected from fresh water ecosystems of jammu and kashmir from july 2013 to june 2014. various organs such as eyes, gills, scales, fins, intestines, visceral organs and pericardial cavity of as many as 100 live specimens were examined. results revealed that 14% of the examined l. rohita were infected with myxobolus rocatlae (ham.) and 6% of ...201728232055
diversification of hox gene clusters in osteoglossomorph fish in comparison to other teleosts and the spotted gar outgroup.an ancient genome duplication (tgd or 3r) occurred in teleost fish after divergence from the lineage leading to gar. this genome duplication is shared by the three extant teleost lineages: osteoglossomorpha (bony-tongues), elopomorpha (eels and tarpons), and clupeocephala (a large clade including salmon, carp, medaka, zebrafish, cichlids, pufferfish, stickleback, and ∼26,000 other species). after tgd, different clupeocephalan species retained different gene duplicates; this is seen clearly in ho ...201728229564
experimental infections of different carp strains with the carp edema virus (cev) give insights into the infection biology of the virus and indicate possible solutions to problems caused by koi sleepy disease (ksd) in carp aquaculture.outbreaks of koi sleepy disease (ksd) caused by carp edema virus (cev) may seriously affect populations of farmed common carp, one of the most important fish species for global food production. the present study shows further evidence for the involvement of cev in outbreaks of ksd among carp and koi populations: in a series of infection experiments, cev from two different genogroups could be transmitted to several strains of naïve common carp via cohabitation with fish infected with cev. in reci ...201728222784
tracing the biotransformation of pcbs and pbdes in common carp (cyprinus carpio) using compound-specific and enantiomer-specific stable carbon isotope analysis.compound-specific and enantiomer-specific carbon isotope composition was investigated in terms of biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) as well as atropisomers of chiral pcb congeners in fish by exposing common carp (cyprinus carpio) to certain pcb and pbde congeners. the calculated carbon isotope enrichment factors (εc) for pcb 8, 18, and 45 were -1.99, -1.84, and -1.70‰, respectively, providing evidence of the metabolism of these conge ...201728208015
gold nanoprobe-enabled three-dimensional ozone imaging by optical coherence tomography.ozone (o3) would be harmful to human skin for its strong oxidizing property, especially when stratum corneum or corneal epithelium is wounded. imaging the penetration and distribution of ozone at depth is beneficial for studying the influence of ozone on skin or eyes. here, we introduced a facile method for three-dimensional (3d) imaging of the penetration of o3 into the anterior chamber of an isolated crucian carp eye by using optical coherence tomography (oct) combined with gold triangular nan ...201728192946
molecular characterization of a fish-specific toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) gene from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.): evolutionary relationship and induced expression upon immune stimulants.in the host innate immune system, various pattern recognition receptors (prrs) recognize conserved pathogens-associated molecular patterns (pamps), and represent an efficient first line of defense against invading pathogens. tlr22 is one of the fish-specific toll-like receptors (tlrs), identified in a variety of fish species. in this study, we report the cloning and identification of a tlr22 cdna from the gills of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the full-length cctlr22 cdna was 3301 bp long, i ...201728192255
national estimation of seafood consumption in mexico: implications for exposure to methylmercury and polyunsaturated fatty acids.seafood is a good source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-pufa) but also contains the toxic contaminant methylmercury (mehg). national estimates of exposure to both compounds through seafood intake in mexico are not known. the objective of the current study was to describe national seafood consumption habits and to estimate seafood-based exposure to ω3-pufas and mehg.201728183054
the role of microorganisms in the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (atp) in chill-stored common carp (cyprinus carpio) fillets.biochemical and microbial changes after harvest strongly affect the final quality and shelf life of fish and fish products. in this study, the role of microbes in the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (atp), and the origin of adenosine monophosphate deaminase (ampd) and acid phosphatase (acp) in common carp fillets during different stages of chilled storage (at 4°c) were investigated. the content of atp, adp, amp, imp, hxr, and hx, the activity of ampd and acp, and the total count of viable, ...201728159278
physicochemical process, crustacean, and microcystis biomass changes in situ enclosure after introduction of silver carp at meiliang bay, lake taihu.in order to control cyanobacteria blooms with silver carp in lake taihu, an in situ experiment was carried out by stocking silver carp at a biomass of 35, 70, and 150 g m(-3) and no carp control in waterproof enclosures. physicochemical water parameters and biomass of plankton were measured in enclosures to evaluate the suitable stocking density of silver carp for relieving internal nutrients and constraining cyanobacteria growth in lake taihu. it is found that the 35 g m(-3) silver carp group a ...201728154770
myxobolus taibaiensis sp. n. (myxozoa: myxosporea) infecting the intestinal wall of common carp cyprinus carpio linnaeus in china.myxobolus taibaiensis sp. n. was found in the inner intestinal wall of common carp, cyprinus carpio linnaeus, during the investigation of fish parasite fauna in lake taibai, located in the middle reach of the yangtze river, china. the whitish ellipsoidal plasmodia, up to 2.9 mm long and 1.7 mm wide, developed in the circular muscle layer of the intestinal wall and produced significant compression into adjacent tissues, but no significant inflammatory responses were observed against this infectio ...201728148906
alterations in microrna expression in the tissues of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) following microcystin-lr exposure.in the field of toxicology, the relationship between micrornas (mirnas) and microcystin-lr (mc-lr) toxicity in fish is still poorly understood. in the present study, we used quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) to examine the expression of 7 mirnas (let-7b, mir-21, mir-122, mir-27b, mir-148, mir-125a, and mir-143) that play regulatory roles in biological processes such as signal transduction, apoptosis, cell cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. expression patterns were assessed in the liver, spleen, a ...201728131796
preventive and reparative effects of isoleucine against copper-induced oxidative damage in primary fish enterocytes.the present study aimed to assess the possible preventive and reparative effects of isoleucine (ile) against copper (cu)-induced oxidative stress in fish enterocytes in vitro. in experiment 1, enterocytes were preincubated with increasing concentrations of ile (0, 50, 120, 190, 260, and 330 mg l(-1)) for 72 h followed by exposure to 6 mg l(-1) cu for 24 h. in experiment 2, the enterocytes were pretreated with 6 mg l(-1) cu for 24 h and then treated with 0-330 mg l(-1) ile for 72 h to investigate ...201728130733
allergenicity of bony and cartilaginous fish - molecular and immunological properties.allergy to bony fish is common and probably increasing world-wide. the major heat-stable pan-fish allergen, parvalbumin (pv), has been identified and characterized for numerous fish species. in contrast, there are very few reports of allergic reactions to cartilaginous fish despite widespread consumption. the molecular basis for this seemingly low clinical cross-reactivity between these two fish groups has not been elucidated. pv consists of two distinct protein lineages, α and β. the α-lineage ...201728117510
identification, expression pattern and functional characterization of as-kip2 in diapause embryo restarting process of artemia sinica.proper control of the cellular processes requires a variety of regulatory proteins that are involved in the cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (cki) negatively regulates transcription and arrests the cell cycle in g1 phase. kip2 is a member of cki family, which could inhibit proliferation by tight-binding with several cyclin-cdk complexes. during the embryonic development of the brine shrimp, artemia sinica, kip2 plays a key role in the cell cycle regulati ...201728115244
hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of dietary glycyrrhiza polysaccharide against tcdd-induced hepatic injury and rt-pcr quantification of ahr2, arnt2, cyp1a mrna in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).to evaluate the protective effects of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (gps) against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd)-induced hepatotoxicity in jian carp, the fish were fed diets containing gps at doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0g/kg for 60days before an intraperitoneal injection of 0.6μg/kg tcdd at a volume of 0.05ml/10g body weight. at 72hr post-injection, blood and liver samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the fish liver samples were used for the preparation of pathological slices. t ...201728115129
dietary exposure to toxic and essential trace elements by consumption of wild and farmed carp (cyprinus carpio) and caspian kutum (rutilus frisii kutum) in iran.this study was conducted to determine and compare the concentrations of mercury (hg), cadmium (cd), arsenic (as), lead (pb), nickel (ni), iron (fe), zinc (zn), copper (cu), manganese (mn), cobalt (co), and selenium (se) in the muscle of wild and farmed carp (cyprinus carpio) and wild and farmed caspian kutum (rutilus frisii kutum) collected from south-western caspian sea areas of iran between december 2014 and march 2015. in addition, risk assessment of consumers to exposure to metals through fi ...201728110010
interspecific variation and plasticity in hemoglobin nitrite reductase activity and its correlation with oxygen affinity in vertebrates.deoxygenated hemoglobin (hb) is a nitrite reductase that reduces naturally occurring nitrite to nitric oxide (no), supplying physiological relevant no under hypoxic conditions. the nitrite reductase activity is modulated by the allosteric equilibrium between the r and t structures of hb that also determines oxygen affinity. in the present study we investigated nitrite reductase activity and o2 affinity in hbs from ten different vertebrate species under identical conditions to disclose interspeci ...201728109837
validation of daily increment deposition and early growth of mud carp cirrhinus molitorella.in this study, laboratory reared cirrhinus molitorella from hatching through to the juvenile stage were used to validate daily increment deposition. lapilli were suitable for ageing c. molitorella. the slope of the linear relationships between increment counts and age was not significantly different from 1 (n = 258, p > 0·05), indicating that growth increments are deposited daily. the first increment following the first-feeding check formed 3 days post hatch (dph). one hundred and twenty-three j ...201728105739
cyto-genotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to a mixture of ibuprofen and diclofenac.thirty million people worldwide consume each day nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), a heterogeneous group of pharmaceuticals used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. recent studies report high nsaid concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents, in surface, ground, and drinking water, and in sediments. nsaids are also known to induce toxicity on aquatic organisms. however, toxicity in natural ecosystems is not usually the result of exposure to a ...201728101901
a comparative study on antioxidant system in fish hepatopancreas and intestine affected by choline deficiency: different change patterns of varied antioxidant enzyme genes and nrf2 signaling factors.the liver and intestine are susceptible to the oxidative damage which could result in several diseases. choline deficiency induced oxidative damage in rat liver cells. thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for choline deficiency-induced oxidative damage. juvenile jian carp were fed diets differing in choline content [165 (deficient group), 310, 607, 896, 1167 and 1820 mg/kg diet] respectively for 65 days. oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activit ...201728099509
zinc as a signal to stimulate red blood cell formation in fish.the common carp can tolerate extremely low oxygen levels. these fish store zinc in a specific zinc-binding protein presented in digestive tract tissues, and under low oxygen, the stored zinc is released and used as a signal to stimulate erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation). to determine whether the environmental supply of zinc to other fish species can serve as a signal to induce erythropoiesis as in the common carp, head kidney cells of four different fish species were cultured with supple ...201728085070
the anti-photoaging effect of antioxidant collagen peptides from silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skin is preferable to tea polyphenols and casein peptides.applying antioxidants to attenuate skin photoaging has received great attention. in this study, antioxidant collagen peptides (acps) with different activities were prepared using different proteases, called high (hcp), medium (mcp) and low antioxidant collagen peptides (lcp). the effects of acps, tea polyphenols (tp) and casein peptides (cp) on the photoaged skin of mice were evaluated and compared. ingestion of acps significantly alleviated uv-induced abnormal alterations of skin components and ...201728266664
the effect of collagen hydrolysates from silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skin on uv-induced photoaging in mice: molecular weight affects skin repair.the use of collagen hydrolysates (chs) as a nutraceutical agent in skin aging has gained increasing attention. here, the effects of various doses and molecular weights of ch from silver carp skin on photoaging in mice were investigated. the ingestion of ch at 50, 100 and 200 mg per kg body weight led to a dose-dependent increase in the hydroxyproline, hyaluronic acid and moisture contents of the skin, but it had no significant effect on the mice body weight, or on the spleen or thymus index. fur ...201728266663
suppressive immunoregulatory effects of three antidepressants via inhibition of the nuclear factor-κb activation assessed using primary macrophages of carp (cyprinus carpio).antidepressants, having been applied for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions for decades, are among the most commonly detected human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. this study evaluated the immunotoxicity of acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of amitriptyline, fluoxetine and mianserin using an in vitro primary macrophage model isolated from red common carp (cyprinus carpio), and also explored their potential mechanisms of action. a p ...201728263824
performances of the hybrid between cyca nucleocytplasmic hybrid fish and scattered mirror carp in different culture environments.to improve the performance of growth traits and survival in common carp, cyca nucleocytoplasmic hybrid fish (c) was used as parental fish for hybridization with russian scattered mirror carp (r). performances in morphological characters, growth traits and survival rate were compared among the purebreds (cc &rr) and crossbreds (rc &cr) at different time period in solitary and communal rearing system, respectively. the results demonstrated that both rc and cr crossbreds inherited the grey skin col ...201728402331
role of bacillus licheniformis vs16-derived biosurfactant in mediating immune responses in carp rohu and its application to the food industry.multifarious applications of bacillus licheniformis vs16-derived biosurfactant were explored. labeo rohita fingerlings were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) containing purified biosurfactant at 0 (control), 55 (s55), 110 (s110), 220 (s220), or 330 (s330) μg ml(-1) concentrations. various immunological parameters and the expression of immune-related genes were measured at 7, 14, and 21 days post-administration (dpa). at 21 dpa, fish were challenged with ae ...201728400765
acute toxication of deltamethrin results in activation of inos, 8-ohdg and up-regulation of caspase 3, inos gene expression in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).deltamethrin is a widely used synthetic pyrethroid pesticide that protects agricultural yields, including crops, fruits, and vegetables from insect-pests. it is known that deltamethrin toxication leads to metabolic disorders and has detrimental effects on the brain and liver in different organisms. however, the harmful effects of deltamethrin toxication on aquatic animals remain unclear. in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of deltamethrin toxication by performing a his ...201728399480
carbamylated albumin is one of the target antigens of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies.anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies are detected in ra patients. fetal calf serum is used as an antigen source in anti-carp elisa, and the precise target antigens have not been found. we aimed to identify the target antigens of anti-carp antibodies.201728398552
bioaccumulation of some heavy metals: analysis and comparison of cyprinus carpio and labeo rohita from sardaryab, khyber pakhtunkhwa.we examined and compared heavy metals bioaccumulation in cyprinus carpio and labeo rohita netted from sardaryab, a tributary of river kabul. by using atomic absorption spectrometry we assessed different organs including livers, gills, and muscles. metals studied were chromium, iron, zinc, lead, and copper. livers of both species showed higher concentrations of metals while muscles showed the least amount. chromium and iron were the highly concentrated metals in the gills and livers of both speci ...201728396869
assessment of anti-carp antibodies, disease activity and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients on conventional and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.good biomarkers are important to guide decisions in the clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). ra patients harbor antibodies directed against carbamylated proteins which may predict joint damage. this study investigated whether antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) may serve as surrogate prognostic markers.201728386136
structural integrity and viability of fredericella sultana statoblasts infected with tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa) under diverse treatment conditions.fredericella sultana is an invertebrate host of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids. the bryozoan produces seed-like statoblasts to facilitate its persistence during unfavourable conditions. statoblasts from infected bryozoans can harbor t. bryosalmonae and give rise to infected bryozoan colonies when conditions improve. we aimed in the present study to evaluate the integrity and viability of t. bryosalmonae-infected statoblasts after a ...201728381233
intake of carp meat from two aquaculture production systems aimed at secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease - a follow-up study.our previous study showed that a diet enriched with 400 g of carp per week improved plasma lipids in subjects after aortocoronary bypass (cabg). the aim of the present study is to determine whether the different carp farming systems have an impact on the effects of carp meat in secondary cardiovascular prevention. we examined 3 groups of patients after cabg over a 4-week period of spa treatment (108 persons, 73 males, 35 females, age over 60 years). we found no differences in baseline values of ...201728379038
type i interferon gene response is increased in early and established rheumatoid arthritis and correlates with autoantibody production.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is an inflammatory debilitating disease that affects the joints in the early and productive phases of an individual's life. several cytokines have been linked to the disease pathogenesis and are known to contribute to the inflammatory state characteristic of ra. the participation of type i interferon (ifn) in the pathogenesis of the disease has been already described as well as the identity of the genes that are regulated by this molecule, which are collectively known a ...201728373872
dynamic rheological, microstructural and physicochemical properties of blend fish protein recovered from kilka (clupeonella cultriventris) and silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by the ph-shift process or washing-based technology.this study aimed to evaluate how blending ph-shift produced protein isolates from gutted kilka (clupeonella cultriventris) and silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) affected dynamic rheological and chemical properties of the proteins as well as microstructural and physico-mechanical properties of produced gels. studied variables were protein solubilization ph (acid vs. alkaline) and blending step (before or after protein precipitation). comparisons were made with conventionally washed minces ...201728372233
characterisation of acid-soluble and pepsin-solubilised collagen from frog (rana nigromaculata) skin.as the first vertebrates connecting water and land, frogs must have evolved certain specialisations. to find the difference among the collagens from amphibian, fish and mammal animals, acid-soluble collagen (asc) and pepsin-solubilised collagen (psc) from frog skin were isolated and characterised. the yield of psc (19.59%, dry weight) was higher than that of asc (1.83%, dry weight). the hydroxyproline-to-protein ratio of frog skin was 8.37%, which was higher than that of carp skin asc (7.83%) bu ...201728363646
quantitative analysis of glutathione and cysteine s-conjugates of microcystin-lr in the liver, kidney and muscle of common carp (cyprinus carpio) in lake taihu.tissue distribution of microcystin (mc)-lr-gsh, mc-lr-cys and mc-lr of omnivorous fish in lake taihu was investigated. mc-lr and mc-lr-cys were detected in liver, kidney and muscle. the concentration of mc-lr in liver and kidney was 0.052 μg g(-1) dw and 0.067 μg g(-1) dw, respectively. mc-lr-cys appeared to be an important metabolite with average contents of 1.104 μg g(-1) dw and 0.724 μg g(-1) dw in liver and kidney, and the mc-lr-cys/mc-lr ratio in liver and kidney reaching as high as 21.4 an ...201728362311
the microrna repertoire of tibetan naked carp gymnocypris przewalskii: a case study in schizothoracinae fish on the tibetan plateau.tibetan naked carp gymnocypris przewalskii is an ideal model system to study highland adaptation of fish, because it evolved specific genetic and phenotypic characteristics to adapt to chronic cold and alkaline environments in lake qinghai. micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas that regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally in a wide range of biological processes. in this study, we focus on the role of mirnas in adaptation of g. przewalskii to extreme conditions in lake qinghai. we ...201728358922
studying the genetics of resistance to cyhv-3 disease using introgression from feral to cultured common carp strains.sustainability and further development of aquaculture production are constantly challenged by outbreaks of fish diseases, which are difficult to prevent or control. developing fish strains that are genetically resistant to a disease is a cost-effective and a sustainable solution to address this challenge. to do so, heritable genetic variation in disease resistance should be identified and combined together with other desirable production traits. aquaculture of common carp has suffered substantia ...201728344591
the metabolic response in fish to mildly elevated water temperature relates to species-dependent muscular concentrations of imidazole compounds and free amino acids.fish species show distinct differences in their muscular concentrations of imidazoles and free amino acids (faa). this study was conducted to investigate whether metabolic response to mildly elevated water temperature (mewt) relates to species-dependent muscular concentrations of imidazoles and faa. thirteen carp and 17 nile tilapia, housed one per aquarium, were randomly assigned to either acclimation (25°c) or mewt (30°c) for 14 days. main muscular concentrations were histidine (his; p<0.001) ...201728343576
different expression patterns of sperm motility-related genes in testis of diploid and tetraploid cyprinid fish1.sperm motility is an important standard to measure the fertility of male. in our previous study, we found that the diploid spermatozoa from allotetraploid hybrid (4nat) had longer durations of rapid and slow progressive motility than haploid spermatozoa from common carp (coc). in this study, to explore sperm motility-related molecular mechanisms, we compared the testis tissues transcriptomes from two years old male coc and 4nat. the rna-seq data revealed that 2985 genes were differentially expre ...201728340181
description of three new species of the genus myxobolus infecting carp fishes of india.myxobolus bütschli, 1882 (myxozoa, myxosporea, bivalvulida, myxobolidae) is an important parasitic protozoan of freshwater fishes reported from almost all over the world. the severity of infection may lead to mortality of the host fish. the present paper deals with the description of three new species of myxobolus bütschli, 1882, myxobolus sonarpurensis sp. nov., myxobolus elongatum sp. nov. and myxobolus petalum sp. nov. from a freshwater minor carp labeo bata (hamilton, 1822) and major carp la ...201728316405
molecular characterization of myxoboluscatmrigalae (myxosporea: myxobolidae) infecting the gill lamellae of carp cirrhinusmrigala (hamilton).the present study attempted sequencing the 18s rrna gene of myxoboluscatmrigalae infecting the gill lamellae of carp, cirrhinusmrigala and compared its genetic homology and phylogenetic characteristics with 18s rrna genes of other myxobolus spp. the infected fish had up to 3 small, creamy white plasmodia per gill filament with 30-50 spores each. the spore size was 17.90 ± 0.70 × 7.40 ± 0.40 μm. the sporoplasm contained two large nuclei of size 0.57 ± 0.09 μm and no iodinophilous vacuole. the dna ...201728316389
physico-chemical characteristics and fibril-forming capacity of carp swim bladder collagens and exploration of their potential bioactive peptides by in silico approaches.this study explores the sustainable valorization of carp swim bladder by-products. the high-value molecule collagens were successfully extracted from carp swim bladder with a yield of ∼60% (dry weight basis) and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, uv-spectrum and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. the extracted collagens showed the fibril-forming ability and high denaturation temperature (38-39°c). furthermore, the extracted collagens subjected to pr ...201728315441
modulatory role of l-carnitine against microcystin-lr-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp.microcystin-lr (mclr), one of the most popular microcystins (mcs) found in many field water bodies around the world, poses great health risks to animals and humans. in the present study, healthy common carp (initial weight 24.8 ± 2.3 g) were randomly assigned to five groups. group i was fed on normal diet as control. group ii was maintained on normal diet and received mclr intraperitoneal injection (150 μg kg(-1) bw). common carp in groups iii, iv, and v were daily pretreated with l-carnitine (l ...201728315160
analysis of common carp cyprinus carpio sperm motility and lipid composition using different in vitro temperatures.in fish, sperm quality is frequently associated with sperm motility variables. the response of sperm motility to different temperatures varies among species and plasma membrane lipid composition may contribute to variations in findings in previous research. in the present study, sperm motility and lipid composition were analysed between motile or immotile carp cyprinus carpio sperm at different in vitro temperatures (4, 14 and 24°c). the duration of the period over which sperm motility is sustai ...201728302333
encountering a bait is necessary but insufficient to explain individual variability in vulnerability to angling in two freshwater benthivorous fish in the wild.fish personality traits, such as swimming activity, or personality related emergent behavioural properties, such as the degree of space use shown by an individual fish, should affect encounter rates between individual fish and fishing gear. increased encounters should in turn drive vulnerability to capture by passively operated gears. however, empirical evidence documenting a relationship between activity-based behaviours and vulnerability to capture by passive fishing gear in the wild is limite ...201728301558
pharmacokinetics of a novel anagrelide extended-release formulation in healthy subjects: food intake and comparison with a reference product.anagrelide is an established therapy for essential thrombocythemia. common adverse effects have been linked to peak plasma concentrations of anagrelide and its 3oh metabolite. our study was performed to investigate the pharmacokinetics (pk) of a novel anagrelide extended-release (aer) formulation and its active metabolites. thirty healthy volunteers were randomized to receive either 2 mg aer (under fasting and fed conditions) or 2 mg commercially available reference product (carp) in an open-lab ...201728301098
chilled and post-thaw storage of sperm in different goldfish types.the effective storage time of sperm after stripping (for 48 hr in 6-hr intervals) and after thawing (for 6 hr in 2-hr intervals) in black moor, oranda and calico goldfish types was investigated. variations in sperm density were also measured in all lines. the efficiency of a sperm cryopreservation method formerly developed for common carp was recorded in all three goldfish lines. motility parameters ((pmot, %), curvilinear velocity (vcl, μm/s) and straightness (str, %)) of black moor sperm did n ...201728295662
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