Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| effects of land uses on fecal indicator bacteria in the water and soil of a tropical watershed. | effects of different land uses on densities of escherichia coli, enterococci, and clostridium perfringens in the water and soil of a tropical watershed were investigated. densities of fecal indicator bacteria (fibs) in the watershed exhibited a clear land-use dependency in the stream water. significantly higher concentrations were detected in the urban portion of the stream (417, 420, and 44 cfu 100 ml(-1) for e. coli, enterococci, and c. perfringens, respectively) than in the forest portion (54 ... | 2011 | 21666390 |
| [abscess formation after puncture of a thyroid cyst - a case report.] | acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rarity and review of literature reveals a circumscript number of cases. a case of thyroid abscess formation after punction of a preexistent thyroid cyst is reported. microbiological examination detected the bacterium clostridium perfringens. the therapeutic approach is outlined in this report.ôçâ | 2011 | 21667445 |
| mutated c-terminal fragments of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin have increased affinity to claudin-4 and reversibly modulate tight junctions in vitro. | passage across epithelial cell sheets is the first step in drug absorption. tight junctions (tjs) are located between adjacent epithelial cells and seal the intercellular space preventing leakage of solutes. claudin, a tetra-transmembrane protein family, is a pivotal functional and structural component of the tj barrier. modulation of the claudin-based tj seal is a strategy for mucosal drug absorption. we previously found that a claudin-4 binder, a c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens ... | 2011 | 21672529 |
| avian necrotic enteritis: experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development. | the increasing trends of legislative restrictions and voluntary removal of antibiotic growth promoters worldwide has already affected, and will continue to affect, poultry production and animal health. necrotic enteritis (ne) is being considered among the most important infectious diseases in the current poultry production system globally, with an estimated annual economic loss of more than $2 billion, largely attributable to medical treatments and impaired growth performance. thus, there is an ... | 2011 | 21673152 |
| clostron-mediated engineering of clostridium. | the genus clostridium is a diverse assemblage of gram positive, anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria. whilst certain species have achieved notoriety as important animal and human pathogens (e.g. clostridium difficile, clostridium botulinum, clostridium tetani, and clostridium perfringens), the vast majority of the genus are entirely benign, and are able to undertake all manner of useful biotransformations. prominent amongst them are those species able to produce the biofuels, butanol and ethano ... | 2011 | 21815105 |
| evidence for a prepore stage in the action of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. | clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx) rapidly kills mdck ii cells at 37°c, but not 4°c. the current study shows that, in mdck ii cells, etx binds and forms an oligomeric complex equally well at 37°c and 4°c but only forms a pore at 37°c. however, the complex formed in mdck cells treated with etx at 4°c has the potential to form an active pore, since shifting those cells to 37°c results in rapid cytotoxicity. those results suggested that the block in pore formation at 4°c involves temperatu ... | 2011 | 21814565 |
| necrotic enteritis in broilers: an updated review on the pathogenesis. | clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis and related subclinical disease have become economically significant problems for the broiler industry. fortunately, scientific interest in this topic has grown: new c. perfringens virulence factors have been discovered and new insight gained about the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis. it has been shown that alpha toxin, for a long time thought to be the key virulence factor, is not essential for the development of the disease. moreover, it is ... | 2011 | 21812711 |
| a toxicological evaluation of a claudin modulator, the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, in mice. | tight junctions (tjs) maintain cellular polarity between the apical and basolateral region of epithelial cells. claudin, a tetra-transmembrane protein, plays a pivotal role in the barrier function of tjs. we previously found that a claudin modulator, the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe), may be a promising candidate for improving the mucosal absorption of drugs. c-cpe is a fragment of enterotoxin, and putative cpe claudin receptors are highly expressed in liver ... | 2011 | 21812332 |
| clostridium perfringens tpel is expressed during sporulation. | clostridium perfringenstpel belongs to the family of large clostridial toxins. although recent studies demonstrated the expression of tpel during vegetative growth nothing is known about tpel expression during sporulation. our current study demonstrated that tpel: (i) is also expressed during sporulation; (ii) expression is dependent on the master regulator of sporulation, spo0a, and the sporulation-specific sigma factor, sige; and (iii) is localized to the mother cell compartment of the sporula ... | 2011 | 21810463 |
| physical, chemical and microbiological quality of ice used to cool drinks and foods in greece and its public health implications. | ice used for direct human consumption or to preserve foods and cool down drinks can be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and may potentially become a vehicle for consumer's infection. to evaluate physical, chemical and microbiological quality of commercial ice and ice used for fish and seafood, 100 ice samples collected at 10 different retail points in the region of epirus were studied. the following microbiological parameters were determined: total coliforms, fecal coliforms, salmonel ... | 2011 | 21802520 |
| humoral immunity and injection-site reactions in cattle vaccinated with a multivalent clostridial vaccine administered via subcutaneous injection or via transdermal needle-free injection. | objective-to evaluate injection-site reactions and serum antibody titers in cattle vaccinated with a clostridial vaccine administered sc or via needle-free transdermal injection. animals-sixteen 11-to 12-month-old herefords. procedures-cattle in 2 groups were vaccinated on days 0 and 28 with a commercially available multivalent clostridial vaccine administered sc or transdermally injection sites and serum antibody titers were evaluated at several time points after vaccination. serum antibody tit ... | 2011 | 21801072 |
| host serum factor triggers germination of clostridium perfringens spores lacking the cortex hydrolysis machinery. | clostridium perfringens type a is the causative agent of a variety of histotoxic and enteric diseases. the ability of c. perfringens spores to germinate in vivo might be due to the presence of nutrient germinants in the host tissue and blood. in the current study, we investigated the ability of spores of c. perfringens wild-type and mutant strains to germinate in blood. results indicate that spores of all three surveyed c. perfringens wild-type isolates germinated better in blood than in brain h ... | 2011 | 21799201 |
| the role of an early salmonella typhimurium infection as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in a laboratory challenge model. | necrotic enteritis (ne) caused by clostridium perfringens (cp) in poultry is an important bacterial disease in terms of economic implications. the disease is multifactorial and is invariably associated with predisposing factors. in the present experiments, we investigated the potential predisposing role of neonatal salmonella typhimurium (st) infection for ne-associated mortality in a laboratory challenge model. in two experiments, day-of-hatch chicks were randomly assigned to four groups: group ... | 2011 | 21793451 |
| a rare case of secondary bacterial peritonitis from clostridium perfringens in an adult patient with noncirrhotic ascites and a krukenberg tumor: report of a case. | secondary bacterial peritonitis, in comparison to spontaneous, presents with a surgically treatable intraabdominal source for infection such as a gastrointestinal perforation or abscess and is nearly always polymicrobial. we present a rare case of secondary bacterial peritonitis from clostridium perfringens in an adult patient with noncirrhotic ascites and a krukenberg tumor. | 2011 | 21785606 |
| characterization of the ß?-crystallin domains of ß?-cat, a non-lens ß?-crystallin and trefoil factor complex, from the skin of the toad bombina maxima. | ß?-cat is a naturally existing 72-kda complex of a non-lens ß?-crystallin (a-subunit, cat-a) and a trefoil factor (ß-subunit, cat-ß) that contains a non-covalently linked form of aß(2) and was isolated from the skin secretions of the toad bombina maxima. the n-terminal region of cat-a (cat-an, residues 1-170) contains two ß?-crystallin domains while the c-terminal region (cat-ac) has sequence homology to the membrane insertion domain of the clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. to examine the b ... | 2011 | 21784123 |
| cellular vacuolation induced by clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin. | the epsilon-toxin of clostridium perfringens forms a heptamer in the membranes of madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, leading to cell death. here, we report that it caused the vacuolation of mdck cells. the toxin induced vacuolation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. the monomer of the toxin formed oligomers on lipid rafts in membranes of the cells. methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and peg4000 inhibited the vacuolation. epsilon-toxin was internalized into the cells. confocal microscopy revealed t ... | 2011 | 21781280 |
| swimmer risk of gastrointestinal illness from exposure to tropical coastal waters impacted by terrestrial dry-weather runoff. | this study used molecular methods to measure concentrations of four enteric viruses (adenovirus, enterovirus, norovirus gi, and norovirus gii) and fecal source tracking markers (human, ruminant, and pig bacteroidales) in land-based runoff from 22 tropical streams on o'ahu, hawai'i. each stream was sampled twice in the morning and afternoon during dry weather. viruses and human bacteroidales were widespread in the streams. watershed septic tank densities were positively associated with higher occ ... | 2011 | 21780808 |
| pathogenic bacteria in sewage treatment plants as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing. | this study applied 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing to analyze potentially pathogenic bacteria in activated sludge from 14 municipal wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) across four countries (china, u.s., canada, and singapore), plus the influent and effluent of one of the 14 wwtps. a total of 370?870 16s rrna gene sequences with average length of 207 bps were obtained and all of them were assigned to corresponding taxonomic ranks by using rdp classifier and megan. it was found that the most a ... | 2011 | 21780772 |
| [antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin s760 produced by enterococcus faecium strain lwp760]. | antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin s760 (enterocin) produced by enterococcusfaecium strain lwp760 was studied. bacteriocin s760 is a cationic, hydrophobic, and heat stable peptide with the molecular weight of 5.5 kda and pl of 9.8. enterocin s760 is shown to inhibit in vitro the growth both of sensitive and resistant to antibacterials gramnegative and grampositive bacteria of 25 species. mics of the bacteriocin s760 vary between 0.05-1.6 mg/l for escherichia coli 0157:h117, salmonella typhimu ... | 2011 | 21780664 |
| colostrum and amniotic fluid from different species exhibit similar immunomodulating effects in bacterium-stimulated dendritic cells. | the fetus and newborn are immunologically immature. bioactive compounds in amniotic fluid (af) and maternal milk therefore play a key role in the immunological development of the infant intestine. we hypothesized that colostrum and af exert similar immunomodulatory effects on the developing immune system. hence, bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells (bmdcs) were co-incubated with clostridium perfringens a or escherichia coli nissle 1917 and porcine, bovine, or human af, colostrum/milk whey ... | 2011 | 21777143 |
| membrane translocation of binary actin-adp-ribosylating toxins from clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens is facilitated by cyclophilin a and hsp90. | some hypervirulent strains of clostridium difficile produce the binary actin-adp-ribosylating toxin cdt in addition to the rho-glucosylating toxins a and b. it has been suggested that the presence of cdt increases the severity of the c. difficile-associated diseases including pseudomembranous colitis. cdt contains a binding and translocation component cdtb, which mediates the transport of the separate enzyme component cdta into the cytosol of target cells, where cdta modifies actin. here, we hav ... | 2011 | 21768281 |
| etiologic agents and diseases found associated with clinical aspergillosis in falcons. | the aim of this study was to describe parasitological, microbiological, and pathological findings associated with the isolation of aspergillus species in 94?clinically diseased captive falcons from dubai. concomitant agents and/or diseases were identified in 64?cases, causing either single (n = 36) or multiple coinfections (n = 28). diagnoses found more often in association with aspergillosis were chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome (cfids) (n = 29), caryospora sp. (n = 16), serratos ... | 2011 | 21754937 |
| molecular typing of clostridium perfringens toxins recovered from central saudi arabia. | this study reports on comparisons between polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and conventional diagnostic methods for typing clostridium perfringens toxins collected from central saudi arabia. | 2011 | 21748201 |
| induction of neurite-outgrowth in pc12 cells by alpha-toxin from clostridium perfringens. | alpha-toxin-induced phosphorylation of pdk1 via the tyrosine kinase a (trka) receptor signaling pathway plays an important role in the activation of rabbit neutrophils. the relation between the toxin and trka, however, remains poorly understood. here, we show that the toxin-induced phosphorylation of trka is closely related to the induction of neurite-outgrowth in pc12 cells. the toxin induced neurite-outgrowth and phosphorylation of trka in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. k252a, a trka in ... | 2011 | 21740889 |
| efficient inhibition of germination of coat-deficient bacterial spores by multivalent metal cations, including terbium (tb3+). | release of dipicolinic acid (dpa) and its fluorescence with terbium (tb(3+)) allow rapid measurement of the germination and viability of spores of bacillus and clostridium species. however, germination of coat-deficient bacillus spores was strongly inhibited by tb(3+) and some other multivalent cations. tb(3+) also inhibited germination of coat-deficient clostridium perfringens spores. | 2011 | 21685163 |
| unexpected wide substrate specificity of c. perfringens +¦-toxin phospholipase c. | clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (cpplc), also called +¦-toxin, is the main virulence factor for gas gangrene in humans. the lipase activity serves the bacterium to generate lipid signals in the host eukaryotic cell, and ultimately to degrade the host cell membranes. several previous reports indicated that cpplc was specific for phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. molecular docking studies described in this paper predict favorable interactions of the cpplc active site with other phosph ... | 2011 | 21704605 |
| interactions between clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and claudins. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), a single polypeptide of approximately 35 kda in size, is -associated with type a food poisoning and such non-foodborne gastrointestinal diseases as antibiotic-associated diarrhea and sporadic diarrhea. cpe action begins with binding of the toxin to a claudin -receptor, forming a ôê+90 kda small complex that then rapidly oligomerizes into a hexamer of ôê+450 kda termed ch-1 (cpe hexamer-1). ch-1 is essentially a pore through which calcium gains entry to ... | 2011 | 21717349 |
| epidemiology of food-borne disease outbreaks in the french armed forces: a review of investigations conducted from 1999 to 2009. | objective: aim of this study was to describe the main characteristics of food-borne disease outbreaks (fbdos) in the french armed forces from 1999 to 2009. methods: fbdos are reported to the military epidemiological surveillance system, which concerns all active military personnel. investigation reports published from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed. results: among the 180 fbdos reported, 48.3% occurred overseas. the mean reporting rate was 2.4 outbreaks p.100,000 in france and 26.7 p.100,000 oversea ... | 2011 | 21840337 |
| galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide supplementation affects nutrient digestibility, fermentation end-product production, and large bowel microbiota of the dog. | a galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide (ggmo) obtained from fiberboard production was evaluated as a dietary supplement for dogs. the ggmo substrate contained increased concentrations of oligosaccharides containing mannose, xylose, and glucose, with the mannose component accounting for 35% of dm. adult dogs assigned to a 6 × 6 latin square design were fed 6 diets, each containing a different concentration of supplemental ggmo (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) that replaced dietary cellulose. total tract d ... | 2011 | 20852078 |
| pathogen removal in farm-scale psychrophilic anaerobic digesters processing swine manure. | this study assessed the efficiency of commercial-scale psychrophilic anaerobic digestion in sequencing batch reactors (padsbrs) for pathogen removal from pig manure. the impact of treatment cycle length and of hydraulic flow regimes on pathogen removal efficiency was investigated. two conventionally operated sbrs (br1 and br2) and two sbrs simultaneously fed during the draw step (br3 and br4) were monitored over a two-year period. padsbrs significantly decreased the concentration of coliforms, s ... | 2011 | 20801022 |
| effects of bilayer composition and physical properties on the phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase activities of clostridium perfringens α-toxin. | α-toxin, a major determinant of clostridium perfringens toxicity, exhibits both phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase activities. our studies with large unilamellar vesicles containing a variety of lipid mixtures reveal that both lipase activities are enhanced by cholesterol and by lipids with an intrinsic negative curvature, e.g. phosphatidylethanolamine. conversely lysophospholipids, that possess a positive intrinsic curvature, inhibit the α-toxin lipase activities. phospholipids with a net neg ... | 2011 | 20727345 |
| foodborne illness acquired in the united states--major pathogens. | estimates of foodborne illness can be used to direct food safety policy and interventions. we used data from active and passive surveillance and other sources to estimate that each year 31 major pathogens acquired in the united states caused 9.4 million episodes of foodborne illness (90% credible interval [cri] 6.6-12.7 million), 55,961 hospitalizations (90% cri 39,534-75,741), and 1,351 deaths (90% cri 712-2,268). most (58%) illnesses were caused by norovirus, followed by nontyphoidal salmonell ... | 2011 | 21192848 |
| preterm birth and necrotizing enterocolitis alter gut colonization in pigs. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) in preterm neonates is dependent on bacterial colonization, but it remains unclear whether a particular microbiota or specific pathogens are involved. we hypothesized that gut colonization differs between preterm and term neonates and that overgrowth of clostridium perfringens predisposes to nec. by using terminal-rflp and fish, we characterized the gut microbiota of preterm, caesarean-delivered, formula-fed pigs (n = 44) with or without nec and of formula- or col ... | 2011 | 20924317 |
| effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance, intestinal microflora, and immune response of broilers. | this study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with the prebiotics fructo-oligosaccharide (fos) and mannan-oligosaccharide (mos) on the performance, small intestinal microflora, and immune response of broilers. two hundred forty 1-d-old ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatment groups: control, avilamycin (6 mg/kg), 0.25% fos, 0.5% fos, 0.025% mos, and 0.05% mos. each treatment was fed to 4 replicates of 10 birds per diet for 4 wk. except for the 0.5% fo ... | 2011 | 21177446 |
| alternative cooling procedures for large, intact meat products to achieve stabilization microbiological performance standards. | achieving the u. s. department of agriculture, food safety and inspection service (usda-fsis) stabilization microbiological performance standards for cooling procedures proves to be challenging for processors of large, whole-muscle meat products. this study was conducted to determine if slower cooling times than those provided by usda-fsis guidance will comply with the performance standard for clostridium perfringens. large (9 to 12 kg) cured bone-in hams (n = 110) and large (8 to 13 kg) uncured ... | 2011 | 21219768 |
| fecal pollution in coastal marine sediments from a semi-enclosed deep embayment subjected to anthropogenic activities: an issue to be considered in environmental quality management frameworks development. | sewage discharge is a major source of pollution in marine environments. urban wastewaters can directly enter marine environments carrying pathogen organisms, organic loads, and nutrients. because marine sediments can act as the ultimate fate of a wide range of pollutants, environmental quality assessment in this compartment can help to identify pollution problems in coastal areas. in the present study, characterization of surficial marine sediments allowed assessment of fecal pollution in a semi ... | 2011 | 21225312 |
| enterococcus faecalis virulence regulator fsra binding to target promoters. | the fsrabdc signal transduction system is a major virulence regulator in enterococcus faecalis. the fsrc sensor histidine kinase, upon activation by the gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone (gbap) peptide encoded by the fsrbd genes, phosphorylates the fsra response regulator required for the transcription of the fsrbdc and the gele-spre genes from the fsrb promoter and the gele promoter, respectively. fsra belongs to the lyttr family of proteins, which includes other virulence regulators ... | 2011 | 21257771 |
| effect of lactobacillus plantarum lp-onlly on gut flora and colitis in interleukin-10 knockout mice. | probiotics are used in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. this study aimed to determine the effects of probiotic lactobacillus plantarum lp-onlly (lp) on gut flora and colitis in interleukin-10 knockout (il-10(-/-) ) mice, a model of spontaneous colitis. | 2011 | 21261733 |
| in vitro measurement of the impact of human milk oligosaccharides on the faecal microbiota of weaned formula-fed infants compared to a mixture of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides. | to investigate the impact of human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) from a single donor (so), hmos from multiple donors (po), a fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides mixture (fg) on the composition of a batch culture inoculated with faecal microbiota from formula-fed infants. | 2011 | 21214609 |
| postoperative complications in a lamb after major surgery. | intoduction: anaesthesia in lambs undergoing experimental surgery may develop problems associated with age-related immune incompetency: a postoperative complication in a 3 week old scottish blackface lamb after spinal surgery is presented. case history and management: both lamb and ewe were in good condition. the ewe was vaccinated against clostridium perfringens and clostridium tetani 5 weeks pre-partum. there were no apparent problems with the lamb's intake of colostrum. pre-anaesthetic medica ... | 2011 | 21214711 |
| germination response of spores of the pathogenic bacterium clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile to cultured human epithelial cells. | spores of pathogenic clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile must germinate in the food vehicle and/or host's intestinal tract to cause disease. in this work, we examined the germination response of spores of c. perfringens and c. difficile upon incubation with cultured human epithelial cell lines (caco-2, hela and ht-29). c. perfringens spores of various sources were able to germinate to different extents; while spores of a non-food-borne isolate germinated very well, spores of food-b ... | 2011 | 21315167 |
| the virs/virr two-component system regulates the anaerobic cytotoxicity, intestinal pathogenicity, and enterotoxemic lethality of clostridium perfringens type c isolate cn3685. | clostridium perfringens vegetative cells cause both histotoxic infections (e.g., gas gangrene) and diseases originating in the intestines (e.g., hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis or lethal enterotoxemia). despite their medical and veterinary importance, the molecular pathogenicity of c. perfringens vegetative cells causing diseases of intestinal origin remains poorly understood. however, c. perfringens beta toxin (cpb) was recently shown to be important when vegetative cells of c. perfringens ty ... | 2011 | 21264065 |
| multilocus sequence typing subtypes of poultry clostridium perfringens isolates demonstrate disease niche partitioning. | clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous and versatile pathogenic bacterium and is implicated in the etiology of the poultry diseases necrotic enteritis (ne) and poultry gangrene (pg). in this study, multilocus sequence typing was used to investigate genotypic relationships among 139 c. perfringens isolates from 74 flocks. these isolates had multiple disease, host, and environmental origins. the results indicated a polymorphic yet highly clonal population, with 79.6% of all isolates partitioning ... | 2011 | 21270221 |
| analysis of bacterial communities of traditional fermented west african cereal foods using culture independent methods. | in this study, the microbial composition of kunu-zaki and ogi, two popular foods in nigeria produced after natural, uncontrolled fermentation of cereals, was assessed by culture-independent molecular profiling methods. in particular, pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and construction of 16s rrna gene clone libraries revealed the presence of diverse bacterial communities. dna sequencing of the highly variable v3 region of the 16s rrna genes obtained from pcr-dgge fingerprints identified ... | 2011 | 21272950 |
| intestinal microbiota was assessed in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis b virus infection. intestinal microbiota of hbv cirrhotic patients. | to unravel the profile of intestinal microecological parameters in chinese patients with asymptomatic carriage of hepatitis b virus (hbv), chronic hepatitis b, decompensated hbv cirrhosis, and health controls and to establish their correlation with liver disease progression, we performed quantitative pcr and immunological techniques to investigate fecal parameters, including population of fecal predominant bacteria and the abundance of some virulence genes derived from escherichia coli, bacteroi ... | 2011 | 21286703 |
| expression and purification of functional clostridium perfringens alpha and epsilon toxins in escherichia coli. | the alpha and epsilon toxins are 2 of the 4 major lethal toxins of the pathogen clostridium perfringens. in this study, the expression of the epsilon toxin (etx) gene of c. perfringens was optimized by replacing rare codons with high-frequency codons, and the optimized gene was synthesized using overlapping pcr. then, the etx gene or the alpha-toxin gene (cpa) was individually inserted into the ptig-trx expression vector with a hexahistidine tag and a thioredoxin (trx) to facilitate their purifi ... | 2011 | 21300155 |
| cost-effective screening of pooled faecal specimens from patients with nosocomial diarrhoea for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | clostridium perfringens is a significant cause of nosocomial aad. the prevalence of c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe)-positive stool specimens in hospitalised patients is very low in the indian setting making the diagnostics very expensive. therefore, a cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for cpe was devised. | 2011 | 21304197 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin is cytotoxic for human renal tubular epithelial cells. | clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx) is responsible for a fatal enterotoxemia in different animal species, producing extensive renal damage, neurological disturbance and edema of lungs, heart and kidneys. however, there is no information about the susceptibility of humans to etx. here, we report that primary cultures of human renal tubular epithelial cells (hrtec) exposed to etx showed a marked swelling with subsequent large blebs surrounding most cells. the incubation of hrtec with etx p ... | 2011 | 20488848 |
| validation of a numerical indicator of microbial contamination for karst springs. | rapid changes in spring water quality in karst areas due to rapid recharge of bacterially contaminated water are a major concern for drinking water suppliers and users. the main objective of this study was to use field experiments with fecal indicators to verify the vulnerability of a karst spring to pathogens, as determined by using a numerical modeling approach. the groundwater modeling was based on linear storage models that can be used to simulate karst water flow. the vulnerability of the k ... | 2011 | 20180864 |
| effects of age and region on fecal microflora in elderly subjects living in bama, guangxi, china. | intestinal microflora analysis was performed on 52 healthy elderly subjects of different ages and in different regions in bama county, guangxi, china. the participants were assigned to three groups depending on their age and location: longevous (group m; mean age = 98 years; n = 21); rural younger elderly (group s; mean age = 70 years; n = 18); and urban elderly (group c; mean age = 82 years; n = 13). ten groups of bacteria were quantified using real-time pcr. age-related differences were observ ... | 2011 | 20509028 |
| on-farm multi-contamination of pigs by food-borne bacterial zoonotic hazards: an exploratory study. | application of risk analysis to control pork-borne zoonoses on farms is a major aim of the current european food safety legislation. the prevalence, levels of contamination and variations in pig contaminations according to herds and batches must therefore be studied to define relevant methods for control of zoonoses. the aims of this exploratory study were to provide information on the prevalence and levels of infection of finisher/fattening pigs by campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, l ... | 2011 | 20655671 |
| nitrite pickling salt as an alternative to formaldehyde for embalming in veterinary anatomy--a study based on histo- and microbiological analyses. | formaldehyde, the traditional embalming agent has negative health effects. nitrite pickling salt has been reported to be a good and inexpensive alternative when supplemented with antioxidants, but the antioxidants caused yellowish colouration of cadavers, and damaged corrosion-resistant steel tables and stone floors. here, nitrite pickling salt was supplemented with ethanol and pluriol(®) and tested for effectiveness as an embalming agent of twenty dog cadavers: 10 with open, and 10 with closed ... | 2011 | 20829010 |
| endocytosis and toxicity of clostridial binary toxins depend on a clathrin-independent pathway regulated by rho-gdi. | clostridial binary toxins, such as clostridium perfringens iota and clostridium botulinum c2, are composed of a binding protein (ib and c2ii respectively) that recognizes distinct membrane receptors and mediates internalization of a catalytic protein (ia and c2-i respectively) with adp-ribosyltransferase activity that disrupts the actin cytoskeleton. we show here that the endocytic pathway followed by these toxins is independent of clathrin but requires the activity of dynamin and is regulated b ... | 2011 | 20846184 |
| oral administration of clostridium butyricum for modulating gastrointestinal microflora in mice. | this study aimed to evaluate the safety of clostridium butyricum and to investigate the effect of c. butyricum on mice ecosystem in the intestinal tract by way of examining the population of different microorganisms isolated from caecal contents. we firstly evaluated the safety of c. butyricum using acute toxicity test and ames test. then forty male balb/c mice were divided into the following four treatment groups, each consisting of ten mice: normal group, low-dose group, medium-dose group and ... | 2011 | 20711781 |
| a 17-year review of foodborne outbreaks: describing the continuing decline in england and wales (1992-2008). | systematic national surveillance of foodborne disease outbreaks effectively serves the development of public health policy on food safety. the health protection agency has maintained a collaborative surveillance system for foodborne outbreaks in england and wales since 1992. up to 2008, 2429 foodborne outbreaks were identified, described and analysed for changes over time. salmonella spp. accounted for half of the outbreaks, although the proportion of these decreased over the surveillance period ... | 2011 | 20696086 |
| clostridium perfringens sepsis and fetal demise after genetic amniocentesis. | clostridium perfringens is a rare cause of intrauterine infection. there have been five case reports concerning infection associated with invasive procedures. we report a woman who underwent a genetic amniocentesis due to her history of chronic granulomatous disease. she presented to the hospital ∼38 hours after the amniocentesis complaining of fever and chills. due to acute decompensation, she underwent an emergent dilatation and evacuation. during her stay, blood cultures came back positive fo ... | 2011 | 23705080 |
| fulminating septic shock from clostridium perfringens in an early breast cancer patient with severe myalgia after docetaxel treatment. | anaerobic bacteraemia could be a life-threatening condition in neutropenic patients receiving chemotherapy. taxane therapy is associated with necrotising inflammation of the caecum (named also typhlitis) that could be a potential source for bacteraemia. we report the case of a sudden onset of septic shock by clostridium perfringens in a young patient treated with docetaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. a mini-review of the literature has been performed. | 2011 | 24765295 |
| quality of water sources used as drinking water in a brazilian peri-urban area. | the objective of this paper was to assess bacteriological quality of drinking water in a peri-urban area located in the metropolitan region of são paulo, brazil. a total of 89 water samples were collected from community plastic tanks and 177 water samples from wells were collected bimonthly, from september 2007 to november 2008, for evaluating bacteriological parameters including: escherichia coli, enterococcus and heterotrophic plate count (hpc). clostridium perfringens was investigated in a su ... | 2011 | 24031668 |
| gas gangrene as a result of femoral traction pin placement. | treatment of adult femoral shaft fractures typically involves operative stabilization with intramedullary implants, external fixation, or a plate and screw construct. however, when stabilization is delayed for any reason, use of a traction pin is recommended to stabilize the fracture, prevent significant shortening, as well as to help with pain control. in this paper, we present the rare complication of a severe gas gangrene infection caused by clostridium perfringens that led to several amputat ... | 2011 | 23198212 |
| severe clostridial pyomyoma following an abortion does not always require surgical intervention. | background. clostridial infection following pregnancy may be fatal, and surgery is considered as the treatment of choice. we suggest a conservative management in selected cases when preservation of fertility is of major importance. case. a 41-year-old primigravida presented with abdominal pain and fever, one day following dilatation and curettage at 20 weeks of gestation. her abdomen was diffusely tender, with a uterus enlarged to 20 weeks' gestation. laboratory studies were consistent with seps ... | 2011 | 22567505 |
| responses of feeding prebiotics on nutrient digestibility, faecal microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in dogs: a meta-analysis. | the effects of prebiotics on digestibility, short-chain fatty acid (scfa) concentrations and bacterial populations in the faeces and immunity in dogs were evaluated by meta-analyses. overall, data from 15 published studies containing 65 different treatment means of 418 observations from different breeds of dogs were included in the data set. feeding of prebiotics to dogs did not affect the nutrient intake (p > 0.10), nor did prebiotics change (p > 0.10) the digestibility of dry matter (dm) and f ... | 2011 | 22440414 |
| effect of temperature on microbial growth rate-mathematical analysis: the arrhenius and eyring-polanyi connections. | the objective of this work is to develop a mathematical model for evaluating the effect of temperature on the rate of microbial growth. the new mathematical model is derived by combination and modification of the arrhenius equation and the eyring-polanyi transition theory. the new model, suitable for both suboptimal and the entire growth temperature ranges, was validated using a collection of 23 selected temperature-growth rate curves belonging to 5 groups of microorganisms, including pseudomona ... | 2011 | 22417589 |
| impact of fresh or used litter on the posthatch immune system of commercial broilers. | this study was carried out to investigate the effects of exposure of growing broiler chickens of commercial origin to used poultry litter on intestinal and systemic immune responses. the litter types evaluated were fresh wood shavings or used litter obtained from commercial poultry farms with or without a history of gangrenous dermatitis (gd). immune parameters measured were serum nitric oxide (no) levels, serum antibody titers against eimeria or clostridium perfringens, mitogen-induced spleen c ... | 2011 | 22312971 |
| clostridium difficile mazf toxin exhibits selective, not global, mrna cleavage. | clostridium difficile is an important, emerging nosocomial pathogen. the transition from harmless colonization to disease is typically preceded by antimicrobial therapy, which alters the balance of the intestinal flora, enabling c. difficile to proliferate in the colon. one of the most perplexing aspects of the c. difficile infectious cycle is its ability to survive antimicrobial therapy and transition from inert colonization to active infection. toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems have been implicated ... | 2012 | 22544268 |
| characterization of genes encoding for acquired bacitracin resistance in clostridium perfringens. | phenotypic bacitracin resistance has been reported in clostridium perfringens. however, the genes responsible for the resistance have not yet been characterized. ninety-nine c. perfringens isolates recovered from broilers and turkeys were tested for phenotypic bacitracin resistance. bacitracin mic(90) (>256 µg/ml) was identical for both turkey and chicken isolates; whereas mic(50) was higher in turkey isolates (6 µg/ml) than in chicken isolates (3 µg/ml). twenty-four of the 99 isolates showed hi ... | 2012 | 22970221 |
| alanyl-phosphatidylglycerol and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol are translocated by the same mprf flippases and have similar capacities to protect against the antibiotic daptomycin in staphylococcus aureus. | the lysinylation of negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol by mprf proteins reduces the affinity of cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps) for bacterial cytoplasmic membranes and reduces the susceptibility of several gram-positive bacterial pathogens to camps. mprf of staphylococcus aureus encompasses a lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (lys-pg) synthase and a lys-pg flippase domain. in contrast, clostridium perfringens encodes two mprf homologs which specifically synthesize alanyl-phosphatidylglycer ... | 2012 | 22491694 |
| comparison of methods for the enumeration of clostridium perfringens spores in water. | four methods for enumerating clostridium perfringens spores in water were evaluated: (1) the imm (iron milk medium) method (mpn); (2) the ls (lactose sulfite broth) method (mpn); (3) the m-cp (membrane filtration clostridium perfringens agar) method (membrane filtration); and (4) the tsc (tryptose sulfite cycloserine agar) method (membrane filtration). the performance of these methods was compared with that of the drcm (differential reinforced clostridium medium) method (mpn) as adopted by cetes ... | 2012 | 22233899 |
| molecular characterization of podoviral bacteriophages virulent for clostridium perfringens and their comparison with members of the picovirinae. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium responsible for human food-borne disease as well as non-food-borne human, animal and poultry diseases. because bacteriophages or their gene products could be applied to control bacterial diseases in a species-specific manner, they are potential important alternatives to antibiotics. consequently, poultry intestinal material, soil, sewage and poultry processing drainage water were screened for virulent bacteriophages th ... | 2012 | 22666499 |
| characterization of the high affinity binding of epsilon toxin from clostridium perfringens to the renal system. | epsilon toxin (ɛ-toxin), produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, causes fatal enterotoxaemia in livestock. in the renal system, the toxin binds to target cells before oligomerization, pore formation and cell death. still, there is little information about the cellular and molecular mechanism involved in the initial steps of the cytotoxic action of ɛ-toxin, including the specific binding to the target sensitive cells. in the present report, the binding step of ɛ-toxin to the mdck cell ... | 2012 | 22264388 |
| determination of microbial quality and plasmid-mediated multidrug resistant bacteria in fountain drinking water sources in turkey. | the bacterial contamination as the total aerobic bacteria, coliform and fecal coliform numbers were determined and analyzed for temperature, ph, conductivity and dissolved oxygen in seasonally collected water samples from fifteen different stations placed in adana-tufanbeyli road line during march 2008 - january 2009. in addition, antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates were examined against frequently used antibiotics, and analyzed plasmid dnaof multiple antibiotic resistant (mar) isolates. ... | 2012 | 23741812 |
| review of antimicrobial therapy of selected bacterial diseases in broiler chickens in canada. | this paper reviews common therapeutic applications of antimicrobials in broiler chicken production in relation to canadian guidelines, surveillance data, and emerging public health concerns about antimicrobial use (amu). escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus spp., were reviewed because of their animal health and economic significance. enterococcus cecorum and salmonella were included because of their importance in antimicrobial resistance (amr) surveillance. this review i ... | 2012 | 23729827 |
| genome-wide differential gene expression profiles in broiler chickens with gangrenous dermatitis. | gangrenous dermatitis (gd) is a disease of poultry characterized by necrosis of the skin and severe cellulitis of the subcutaneous tissues caused by infection with clostridium septicum (cs) and/or clostridium perfringens (cp) type a. while gd causes significant morbidity, mortality, and economic loss to the poultry industry, the fundamental mechanisms underlying this host-pathogen interaction are relatively unknown. this study used comparative global gene expression microarray analysis of gd-aff ... | 2012 | 23397837 |
| longitudinal analyses of gut mucosal microbiotas in ulcerative colitis in relation to patient age and disease severity and duration. | bacteria belonging to the normal colonic microbiota are associated with the etiology of ulcerative colitis (uc). although several mucosal species have been implicated in the disease process, the organisms and mechanisms involved are unknown. the aim of this investigation was to characterize mucosal biofilm communities over time and to determine the relationship of these bacteria to patient age and disease severity and duration. multiple rectal biopsy specimens were taken from 33 patients with ac ... | 2012 | 23269735 |
| pork implicated in a shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 outbreak in ontario, canada. | to describe an outbreak of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 infection following a four-day family gathering in ontario. this is the first published account of a stec o157 outbreak in canada linked to consumption of pork. | 2012 | 23617981 |
| toxin-associated and other genes in clostridium perfringens type a isolates from bovine clostridial abomasitis (bca) and jejunal hemorrhage syndrome (jhs). | this study examined known or possible virulence-associated genes in type a clostridium perfringens from cases of both bovine clostridial abomasitis (bca) and jejunal hemorrhage syndrome (jhs) and compared these to isolates from calves that were healthy or had undifferentiated diarrheal illness. a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was used to genotype the 218 c. perfringens isolates. isolates were sourced from healthy and diarrheic young and mature cattle (n = 191), from calves with ... | 2012 | 23543949 |
| prevalence of clostridium perfringens type a isolates in commercial broiler chickens and parent broiler breeder hens in egypt. | the aim of this study was to determine the presence of genes coding for alpha (cpalpha), beta (cpbeta), epsilon (epsilontx), iota (iotaa), enterotoxin (cpepsilon) and beta2 (cpbeta2) toxins in clostridium perfringens isolates from broiler chickens and parent broiler breeder hens, using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. the prevalence of c. perfringens in the intestinal segments and the effects of age were also investigated. the highest isolation rate was from the duodenum, at 41.7 ... | 2012 | 23520746 |
| bacillus anthracis inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase in action: the first bacterial series of structures of phosphate ion-, substrate-, and product-bound complexes. | inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes the first unique step of the gmp branch of the purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. this enzyme is found in organisms of all three kingdoms. impdh inhibitors have broad clinical applications in cancer treatment, as antiviral drugs and as immunosuppressants, and have also displayed antibiotic activity. we have determined three crystal structures of bacillus anthracis impdh, in a phosphate ion-bound (termed "apo") form and in complex with ... | 2012 | 22788966 |
| Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration for simultaneous recovery of viruses, bacteria and parasites from reclaimed water. | Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (UF) is a technique that has been reported to be effective for recovering a diverse array of microbes from water, and may also be potentially useful for microbial monitoring of effluent from water reclamation facilities. However, few data are available to indicate the potential limitations and efficacy of the UF technique for treated wastewater. In this study, recovery efficiencies were determined for various options available for performing the tangential-flow UF te ... | 2012 | 22108496 |
| Antimicrobial properties of a chitosan dextran-based hydrogel for surgical use. | A chitosan dextran-based (CD) hydrogel, developed for use in endoscopic sinus surgery, was tested for antimicrobial activity in vitro against a range of pathogenic microorganisms. The microdilution technique was used to determine minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal, and minimum fungicidal concentrations. In addition, the time-kill efficacy of CD hydrogel was determined for two bacterial species. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to elucidate the antimicrobial me ... | 2012 | 22024824 |
| the application of an alanine-substituted mutant of the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin as a mucosal vaccine in mice. | efficient delivery of antigen to mucosal immune tissues is an essential part of mucosal vaccination. claudin-4 is expressed on the epithelial cells that cover the mucosal immune tissues. we previously found that claudin-4-targeting is a promising strategy for mucosal vaccination by using a claudin-4 binder, the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe). substitution of asn and ser at positions 309 and 313, respectively, with alanine increased the affinity of c-cpe for cl ... | 2012 | 21983135 |
| identification of the cellular receptor of clostridium spiroforme toxin. | clostridium spiroforme produces the binary actin-adp-ribosylating toxin cst (c. spiroforme toxin), which has been proposed to be responsible for diarrhea, enterocolitis and, eventually, death especially in rabbits. here, we report on the recombinant production of the enzyme component (csta) and the binding component (cstb) of c. spiroforme toxin in bacillus megaterium. by using the recombinant toxin components we show that cst enters target cells via the lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor ... | 2012 | 22252869 |
| evidence that the agr-like quorum sensing system regulates the toxin production, cytotoxicity and pathogenicity of clostridium perfringens type c isolate cn3685. | clostridium perfringens possesses at least two functional quorum sensing (qs) systems, i.e. an agr-like system and a luxs-dependent ai-2 system. both of those qs systems can reportedly control in vitro toxin production by c. perfringens but their importance for virulence has not been evaluated. therefore, the current study assessed whether these qs systems might regulate the pathogenicity of cn3685, a c. perfringens type c strain. since type c isolates cause both haemorrhagic necrotic enteritis ... | 2012 | 22150719 |
| use of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and the enterotoxin receptor-binding domain (c-cpe) for cancer treatment: opportunities and challenges. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) causes the symptoms associated with several common gastrointestinal diseases. cpe is a 35 kda polypeptide consisting of three structured domains, that is, c-terminal domain i (responsible for receptor binding), domain ii (responsible for oligomerization and membrane insertion), and domain iii (which may participate in physical changes when the cpe protein inserts into membranes). native cpe binds to claudin receptors, which are components of the tight ju ... | 2012 | 21941545 |
| sugar inhibits the production of the toxins that trigger clostridial gas gangrene. | histotoxic strains of clostridium perfringens cause human gas gangrene, a devastating infection during which potent tissue-degrading toxins are produced and secreted. although this pathogen only grows in anaerobic-nutrient-rich habitats such as deep wounds, very little is known regarding how nutritional signals influence gas gangrene-related toxin production. we hypothesize that sugars, which have been used throughout history to prevent wound infection, may represent a nutritional signal against ... | 2012 | 22079896 |
| diversity and bioactive potential of endospore-forming bacteria cultured from the marine sponge haliclona simulans. | despite the frequent isolation of endospore-formers from marine sponges, little is known about the diversity and characterization of individual isolates. the main aims of this study were to isolate and characterize the spore-forming bacteria from the marine sponge haliclona simulans and to examine their potential as a source for bioactive compounds. | 2012 | 21985154 |
| distinct gut microbiota in southeastern african and northern european infants. | the intestinal microbiota composition in infants reflects the early environment. our objective was to compare the gut microbiota in 6-month-old infants living in rural malawi with children of the same age living in urban finland, both being breast-fed and having an age-appropriate diet typical for each area. | 2012 | 22228076 |
| treatment of bran containing bread by baking enzymes; effect on the growth of probiotic bacteria on soluble dietary fiber extract in vitro. | different ways of treating bran by baking enzymes prior to dough making and the baking process were used to increase the amount of water-soluble dietary fiber (df) in wheat bread with added bran. soluble df was extracted from the bread with water and separated from the digestible material with gastrointestinal tract enzymes and by solvent precipitation. the baking enzyme mixtures tested (xylanase and glucanase/cellulase, with and without lipase) increased the amounts of soluble arabinoxylan and ... | 2012 | 22790935 |
| oxygen tolerance in anaerobic pathogenic bacteria. | a prerequisite for successful identification of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria from samples of clinical material is the method of cultivation. currently, several methods of cultivation in anaerobic environment are used: cultivation in anaerobic box, anaerobic jar, and in nonrecurring cultivation system. here, we determined the suitability of the above methods of cultivation using the estimation of the growth (diameters of colony size) of commonly isolated anaerobic pathogens (bacteroides fragilis ... | 2012 | 22573259 |
| the effect of selected synbiotics on microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid production in a model system of the human colon. | prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics can be used to modulate both the composition and activity of the gut microbiota and thereby potentially affecting host health beneficially. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight synbiotic combinations on the composition and activity of human fecal microbiota using a four-stage semicontinuous model system of the human colon. | 2012 | 23082149 |
| evaluation of impact of exposure of sudan azo dyes and their metabolites on human intestinal bacteria. | sudan azo dyes are banned for food usage in most countries, but they are illegally used to maintain or enhance the color of food products due to low cost, bright staining, and wide availability of the dyes. in this report, we examined the toxic effects of these azo dyes and their potential reduction metabolites on 11 prevalent human intestinal bacterial strains. among the tested bacteria, cell growth of 2, 3, 5, 5, and 1 strains was inhibited by sudan i, ii, iii, iv, and para red, respectively. ... | 2012 | 22634331 |
| garlic derivative propyl propane thiosulfonate is effective against broiler enteropathogens in vivo. | two experiments were carried out to study the effects of dietary supplementation with the garlic (allium sativum)-derived product propyl propane thiosulfonate (pts-o) on the intestinal log(10) number of copies of enteropathogens in broiler chickens, together with their intestinal morphology and growth performance. the additive had no significant effect on feed intake at any dose assayed. in experiment 1 (1 to 21 d of age), the bw of chickens fed on 45 mg of pts-o/kg of diet was higher (p < 0.01) ... | 2012 | 22912448 |
| nosocomial diarrhea: evaluation and treatment of causes other than clostridium difficile. | diarrhea is common among hospitalized patients but the causes are distinct from those of diarrhea in the community. we review existing data about the epidemiology of nosocomial diarrhea and summarize recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of diarrhea. clinicians should recognize that most cases of nosocomial diarrhea have a noninfectious etiology, including medications, underlying illness, and enteral feeding. apart from clostridium difficile, the frequency of infectious causes such as ... | 2012 | 22700831 |
| rapid, simultaneous detection of clostridium sordellii and clostridium perfringens in archived tissues by a novel pcr-based microsphere assay: diagnostic implications for pregnancy-associated toxic shock syndrome cases. | clostridium sordellii and clostridium perfringens are infrequent human pathogens; however, the case-fatality rates for the infections are very high, particularly in obstetric c. sordellii infections (>90%). deaths from clostridium sordellii and clostridium perfringens toxic shock (cts) are sudden, and diagnosis is often challenging. formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissues usually are the only specimens available for sudden fatal cases, and immunohistochemistry (ihc) for clostridia is ge ... | 2012 | 22536012 |
| the 2.5 å structure of the enterococcus conjugation protein tram resembles virb8 type iv secretion proteins. | conjugative plasmid transfer is the most important means of spreading antibiotic resistance and virulence genes among bacteria and therefore presents a serious threat to human health. the process requires direct cell-cell contact made possible by a multiprotein complex that spans cellular membranes and serves as a channel for macromolecular secretion. thus far, well studied conjugative type iv secretion systems (t4ss) are of gram-negative (g-) origin. although many medically relevant pathogens ( ... | 2012 | 23188825 |
| microbiologic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria from hospitalized trauma patients who survived wenchuan earthquake. | the purpose of this study is to investigate the microbiological characterization of pathogenic bacteria isolated from trauma patients after wenchuan earthquake in 2008. most infections were identified in the patients over 60 years of age, with an incidence rate of 78.5%, and more infections in wound (43.3%) and respiratory tract (37.1%) sites were identified. a total of 97 non-duplicated clinical pathogens were isolated from 91 trauma patients. of those pathogens, 62 (63.9%) were gram-negative b ... | 2012 | 22910807 |
| opportunistic pathogens and faecal indicators in drinking water associated biofilms in cluj, romania. | biofouling occurs without exception in all water systems, with undesirable effects such as biocorrosion and deterioration of water quality. drinking water associated biofilms represent a potential risk to human health by harbouring pathogenic or toxin-releasing microorganisms. this is the first study investigating the attached microbiota, with potential threat to human health, in a public water system in romania. the presence and the seasonal variation of viable faecal indicators and opportunist ... | 2012 | 22960491 |
| coenzyme depletion by members of the aerolysin family of pore-forming toxins leads to diminished atp levels and cell death. | recent studies demonstrated that a variety of bacterial pore-forming toxins induce cell death through a process of programmed necrosis characterized by the rapid depletion of cellular atp. however, events leading to the necrosis and depletion of atp are not thoroughly understood. we demonstrate that atp-depletion induced by two pore-forming toxins, the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin and the aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin toxin, is associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential ... | 2012 | 22688384 |
| efficacy of protected sodium butyrate, a protected blend of essential oils, their combination, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore suspension against artificially induced necrotic enteritis in broilers. | necrotic enteritis caused by clostridium perfringens leads to serious economical losses to the poultry industry. there is a growing need to find effective, nontoxic, antibiotic alternatives to prevent and cure the disease. in our study, the efficacy of protected sodium butyrate at 1.5 g/kg (bp70), a bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore suspension with 10(9) cfu/g (bal; ecobiol), a protected blend of essential oils (1%) at 1.5 g/kg (eo), and a combination of sodium butyrate with essential oils (1%) p ... | 2012 | 22399722 |
| interactions of high-affinity cationic blockers with the translocation pores of b. anthracis, c. botulinum, and c. perfringens binary toxins. | cationic β-cyclodextrin derivatives were recently introduced as highly effective, potentially universal blockers of three binary bacterial toxins: anthrax toxin of bacillus anthracis, c2 toxin of clostridium botulinum, and iota toxin of clostridium perfringens. the binary toxins are made of two separate components: the enzymatic a component, which acts on certain intracellular targets, and the binding/translocation b component, which forms oligomeric channels in the target cell membrane. here we ... | 2012 | 22995493 |
| bacteria and their toxins tamed for immunotherapy. | bacterial toxins share the ability to enter host cells to target various intracellular proteins and to modulate host immune responses. over the last 20 years, toxins and their mutated variants, as well as live attenuated bacteria, have been exploited for vaccination and immunotherapy of various infectious, malignant and autoimmune diseases. the ability of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin to translocate its adenylate cyclase domain across the host cell membrane, as well as the pathway ... | 2012 | 22339216 |