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pesticide stress on plants negatively affects parasitoid fitness through a bypass of their phytophage hosts.pesticides taken up by plants from the soil or interstitial (pore) water can cascade to higher trophic levels, which are expected to be more affected due to cumulative bottom-up effects. knowledge about the impact of indirect exposure to pesticides on non-target terrestrial trophic chains, however, is still lacking. therefore, we examined the direct and indirect effects of three concentrations of the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dcbn) and an insecticide with a similar molecular structure ...201728188590
wheat paleohistory created asymmetrical genomic evolution.following the triplication reported in brassiceae ∼10million years ago, and at the basis of rosids ∼100million years ago, bias in organization and regulation, known as subgenome dominance, has been reported between the three post-polyploidy compartments referenced to as less fractionated (lf), medium fractionated (mf1) and more fractionated (mf2), that have been proposed to derive from an hexaploidization event involving ancestors of 7-14-21 chromosomes. modern bread wheat experienced similar pa ...201728182971
high-throughput mining of e-genome-specific snps for characterizing thinopyrum elongatum introgressions in common wheat.diploid thinopyrum elongatum (ee, 2n = 2x = 14) and related polyploid species constitute an important gene pool for improving triticeae grain and forage crops. however, the genomic and molecular marker resources are generally poor for these species. to aid the genetic, molecular, breeding and ecological studies involving thinopyrum species, we developed a strategy for mining and validating e-genome-specific snps using th. elongatum and common wheat (triticum aestivum, aabbdd, 2n = 6x = 42) as ex ...201728181736
molecular cytogenetics identification of a wheat - leymus mollis double disomic addition line with stripe rust resistance.leymus mollis (trin.) pilg. (2n = 4x = 28, nsnsxmxm) possesses a number of valuable genes against biotic and abiotic stress, which could be transferred into common wheat background for wheat improvement. in the present study, we determined the karyotypic constitution of a wheat - l. mollis double disomic addition line, m11003-4-4-1-1, selected from the f5 progeny of a stable wheat - l. mollis derivative m39 (2n = 56) × triticum aestivum cultivar 7182, by morphological and cytogenetic identificat ...201728177840
overuse of phosphorus fertilizer reduces the grain and flour protein contents and zinc bioavailability of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).to supplement human dietary nutrition, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (p) fertilizer application on grain and flour protein contents and especially on the bioavailability of zinc (zn). a field experiment of winter wheat with six p application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 kg/ha) was conducted from 2013 to 2015. the grain yield increased with p application but was not further enhanced when p rates exceeded 50 kg/ha. as p application increased, the protein concentration in ...201728171726
assessment of anticarcinogenic potential of vitex trifolia and triticum aestivum linn by in vitro rat liver microsomal degranulation.the main objective of this preliminary study is to confirm the synergistic anticarcinogenic potential of vitex trifolia and triticum aestivum ethanolic extracts.201726862271
wheat mirna ancestors: evident by transcriptome analysis of a, b, and d genome donors.micrornas are critical players of post-transcriptional gene regulation with profound effects on the fundamental processes of cellular life. their identification and characterization, together with their targets, hold great significance in exploring and exploiting their roles on a functional context, providing valuable clues into the regulation of important biological processes, such as stress tolerance or environmental adaptation. wheat is a hardy crop, extensively harvested in temperate regions ...201727032785
silicon nanoparticles more effectively alleviated uv-b stress than silicon in wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings.the role of silicon (si) in alleviating biotic as well as abiotic stresses is well known. however, the potential of silicon nanoparticle (sinp) in regulating abiotic stress and associated mechanisms have not yet been explored. therefore, in the present study hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate whether si or sinp are more effective in the regulation of uv-b stress. uv-b (ambient and enhanced) radiation caused adverse effect on growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings, which ...201727470120
cytomolecular discrimination of the am chromosomes of triticum monococcum and the a chromosomes of triticum aestivum using microsatellite dna repeats.the cytomolecular discrimination of the am- and a-genome chromosomes facilitates the selection of wheat-triticum monococcum introgression lines. fluorescence in situ hybridisation (fish) with the commonly used dna probes afa family, 18s rdna and psc119.2 showed that the more complex hybridisation pattern obtained in t. monococcum relative to bread wheat made it possible to differentiate the am and a chromosomes within homoeologous groups 1, 4 and 5. in order to provide additional chromosomal lan ...201727468932
expression analysis and promoter methylation under osmotic and salinity stress of tagapc1 in wheat (triticum aestivum l).cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapc) catalyzes a key reaction in glycolysis and encoded by a multi-gene family which showed instability expression under abiotic stress. dna methylation is an epigenetic modification that plays an important role in gene regulation in response to abiotic stress. the comprehension of dna methylation at promoter region of tagapc1 can provide insights into the transcription regulation mechanisms of plant genes under abiotic stress. in this study, ...201727488925
interactions between glu-1 and glu-3 loci and associations of selected molecular markers with quality traits in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) dh lines.the quality of wheat depends on a large complex of genes and environmental factors. the objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci controlling technological quality traits and their stability across environments, and to assess the impact of interaction between alleles at loci glu-1 and glu-3 on grain quality. dh lines were evaluated in field experiments over a period of 4 years, and genotyped using simple sequence repeat markers. lines were analysed for grain yield (gy), tho ...201727502940
genome-wide association study of drought-related resistance traits in aegilops tauschii.the d-genome progenitor of wheat (triticum aestivum), aegilops tauschii, possesses numerous genes for resistance to abiotic stresses, including drought. therefore, information on the genetic architecture of a. tauschii can aid the development of drought-resistant wheat varieties. here, we evaluated 13 traits in 373 a. tauschii accessions grown under normal and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions and performed a genome-wide association study using 7,185 single nucleotide polym ...201727560650
rich haplotypes of viviparous-1 in triticum aestivum subsp. spelta with different abscisic acid sensitivities.viviparous-1 (vp-1) is a major gene affecting pre-harvest sprouting (phs) in common wheat, and improving phs tolerance is a crucial factor for wheat breeding. spelt wheat is always used as the donor parent to improve resistance and quality in wheat breeding: however, the roles of the vp-1 genes in spelt wheat and their relationship to common wheat remain uncertain. the current study aimed to isolate and characterise vp-1 haplotypes in spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subsp. spelta).201727060998
visualisation of plastid degradation in sperm cells of wheat pollen.like most angiosperms, wheat (triticum aestivum) shows maternal inheritance of plastids. it is thought that this takes place by cytoplasmic stripping at fertilisation rather than the absence of plastids in sperm cells. to determine the fate of plastids during sperm cell development, plastid-targeted green fluorescent protein was used to visualise these organelles in nuclear transgenic wheat lines. fewer than thirty small 1-2-μm plastids were visible in early uninucleate pollen cells. these drama ...201726795342
chromatographic analysis of wheatgrass extracts.wheatgrass (wg) is the shoot of triticum aestivum linn. belongs to the family gramineae, and possess high chlorophyll content and essential vitamins, minerals, vital enzymes, amino acids, dietary fibers etc., it has been shown to possess anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, antioxidant, and anti-arthritic activity due to the presence of biologically active compounds, and minerals. therefore, in the present study, high-performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc), and high-performance liquid chromatography ...201726681880
optical sensing of weed infestations at harvest.kochia (kochia scoparia l.), russian thistle (salsolatragus l.), and prickly lettuce (lactuca serriola l.) are economically important weeds infesting dryland wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production systems in the western united states. those weeds produce most of their seeds post-harvest. the objectives of this study were to determine the ability of an optical sensor, installed for on-the-go measurement of grain protein concentration, to detect the presence of green plant matter in flowing grain ...201729048342
carbon sequestration in dryland soils and plant residue as influenced by tillage and crop rotation.long-term use of conventional tillage and wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-fallow systems in the northern great plains have resulted in low soil organic carbon (soc) levels. we examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (ct) and no-till (nt)], five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (cw), spring wheat-fallow (w-f), spring wheat-lentil (lens culinaris medic.) (w-l), spring wheat-spring wheat-fallow (w-w-f), and spring wheat-pea (pisum sativum l.)-fallow (w-p-f)], and conser ...201716825454
photoacoustic spectroscopy applied to the direct detection of bioactive compounds in agaricus brasiliensis mycelium.this paper describes the application of the photoacoustic spectroscopic (pas) for detection of bioactive compounds in agaricus brasiliensis mycelium. the mycelium was cultivated by solid-state fermentation and by submerged fermentation. vegetal residues from food industry were used as substrates for fermentation: apple pomace (malus domestica), wheat (triticum aestivum), peel and pomace of pineapple (ananas comosus), malt (hordeum vulgare) and grape pomace (vitis vinifera). dry and ground sample ...201729210029
contrasting responses of soil respiration and temperature sensitivity to land use types: cropland vs. apple orchard on the chinese loess plateau.land use plays an essential role in regional carbon cycling, potentially influencing the exchange rates of co2 flux between soil and the atmosphere in terrestrial ecosystems. temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (q10), as an efficient parameter to reflect the possible feedback between the global carbon cycle and climate change, has been extensively studied. however, very few reports have assessed the difference in temperature sensitivity of soil respiration under different land use types. ...201729190565
polyphenolic characterisation of plant mixture (lisosan® reduction) and its hypocholesterolaemic effect in high fat diet-fed mice.lisosan® reduction is a plant mixture produced from powder of fermented triticum aestivum (lisosan® g), desmodium adscendens, malus domestica, picrorhiza kurroa and hordeum vulgare. the aim of this study was to characterise the phenolic profile of lisosan® reduction and to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract on mice fed a high fat diet (hfd). syringic acid, trans sinapic acid and neochlorogenic acid were identified by hplc-dad to be the dominant polyphenols of lisosan® reduction, followed by ...201729139309
comprehensive profiling of lysine ubiquitome reveals diverse functions of lysine ubiquitination in common wheat.protein ubiquitination, which is a major post-translational modifications that occurs in eukaryotic cells, is involved in diverse biological processes. to date, large-scale profiling of the ubiquitome in common wheat has not been reported, despite its status as the major cereal crop in the world. here, we performed the first ubiquitome analysis of the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety, aikang 58. overall, 433 lysine modification sites were identified in 285 proteins in wheat seedlings, ...201729051560
stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, and transpiration efficiency in relation to leaf anatomy in rice and wheat genotypes under drought.increasing leaf transpiration efficiency (te) may provide leads for growing rice like dryland cereals such as wheat (triticum aestivum). to explore avenues for improving te in rice, variations in stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm) and their anatomical determinants were evaluated in two cultivars from each of lowland, aerobic, and upland groups of oryza sativa, one cultivar of o. glaberrima, and two cultivars of t. aestivum, under three water regimes. the te of upland rice, ...201728992130
evolutionary modes of emergence of short interspersed nuclear element (sine) families in grasses.short interspersed nuclear elements (sines) are non-autonomous transposable elements which are propagated by retrotransposition and constitute an inherent part of the genome of most eukaryotic species. knowledge of heterogeneous and highly abundant sines is crucial for de novo (or improvement of) annotation of whole genome sequences. we scanned poaceae genome sequences of six important cereals (oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare, panicum virgatum, sorghum bicolor, zea mays) and bra ...201728857316
poaceae vs. abiotic stress: focus on drought and salt stress, recent insights and perspectives.poaceae represent the most important group of crops susceptible to abiotic stress. this large family of monocotyledonous plants, commonly known as grasses, counts several important cultivated species, namely wheat (triticum aestivum), rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and barley (hordeum vulgare). these crops, notably, show different behaviors under abiotic stress conditions: wheat and rice are considered sensitive, showing serious yield reduction upon water scarcity and soil salinity, whil ...201728744298
genome-wide sequence and expression analysis of the nac transcription factor family in polyploid wheat.many important genes in agriculture correspond to transcription factors (tfs) that regulate a wide range of pathways from flowering to responses to disease and abiotic stresses. in this study, we identified 5776 tfs in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) and classified them into gene families. we further investigated the nac family exploring the phylogeny, c-terminal domain (ctd) conservation, and expression profiles across 308 rna-seq samples. phylogenetic trees of nac domains indicated that wh ...201728698232
protein phosphatases potentially associated with regulation of microtubules, their spatial structure reconstruction and analysis.according to the sequence and profile comparison with known catalytic domains, where identified protein phosphatases potentially involved in regulation of microtubule dynamics and structure from arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana tabacum, medicago sativa, oryza sativa subsp. japonica, zea mays, and triticum aestivum. selected proteins were related to classical non-receptor, serine/threonine-specific and dual protein phosphatases. by application of template structures of human protein phosphatases, ...201728653783
development and validation of kasp markers for the greenbug resistance gene gb7 and the hessian fly resistance gene h32 in wheat.greenbug and hessian fly are important pests that decrease wheat production worldwide. we developed and validated breeder-friendly kasp markers for marker-assisted breeding to increase selection efficiency. greenbug (schizaphis graminum rondani) and hessian fly [mayetiola destructor (say)] are two major destructive insect pests of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) throughout wheat production regions in the usa and worldwide. greenbug and hessian fly infestation can significantly reduce grain yield an ...201728624908
genetic architecture of anther extrusion in spring and winter wheat.hybrid wheat breeding is gaining prominence worldwide because it ensures higher and more static yield than conventionally bred varieties. the cleistogamous floral architecture of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) impedes anthers inside the floret, making it largely an inbreeder. for hybrid seed production, high anther extrusion is needed to promote cross pollination and to ensure a high level of pollen availability for the seed plant. this study, therefore, aimed at the genetic dissection of anther e ...201728559904
effect of limestone, lignite and biochar applied alone and combined on cadmium uptake in wheat and rice under rotation in an effluent irrigated field.cadmium (cd) uptake and accumulation in crop plants, especially in wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) is one of the main concerns for food security worldwide. a field experiment was done to investigate the effects of limestone, lignite, and biochar on growth, physiology and cd uptake in wheat and rice under rotation irrigated with raw effluents. initially, each treatment was applied alone at 0.1% and combined at 0.05% each and wheat was grown in the field and then, after wheat har ...201728501770
genome-wide characterization of jasmonate-zim domain transcription repressors in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the jasmonate-zim domain (jaz) repressor family proteins are jasmonate co-receptors and transcriptional repressor in jasmonic acid (ja) signaling pathway, and they play important roles in regulating the growth and development of plants. recently, more and more researches on jaz gene family are reported in many plants. although the genome sequencing of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its relatives is complete, our knowledge about this gene family remains vacant.201728193162
genome-wide identification and analysis of biotic and abiotic stress regulation of small heat shock protein (hsp20) family genes in bread wheat.small heat shock proteins (shsps)/hsp20 are molecular chaperones that protect plants by preventing protein aggregation during abiotic stress conditions, especially heat stress. due to global climate change, high temperature is emerging as a major threat to wheat productivity. thus, the identification of hsp20 and analysis of hsp transcriptional regulation under different abiotic stresses in wheat would help in understanding the role of these proteins in abiotic stress tolerance. we used sequence ...201728178571
in situ evaluation of crop productivity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in paddy soils after remediation of metal-contaminated soils.soils contaminated with heavy metals have been reused for agricultural, building, and industrial uses following remediation. this study assesses plant growth and bioaccumulation of heavy metals following remediation of industrially contaminated soil. the soil was collected from a field site near a nonferrous smelter and was subjected to laboratory- and field-scale studies. soil from the contaminated site was remediated by washing with acid or mixed with soil taken from a distant uncontaminated s ...201728150951
large-scale bioinformatic analysis of the regulation of the disease resistance nbs gene family by micrornas in poaceae.in the present study, we have screened 71, 713, 525, 119 and 241 mature mirna variants from hordeum vulgare, oryza sativa, brachypodium distachyon, triticum aestivum, and sorghum bicolor, respectively, and classified them with respect to their conservation status and expression levels. these poaceae non-redundant mirna species (1,669) were distributed over a total of 625 mir families, among which only 54 were conserved across two or more plant species, confirming the relatively recent evolutiona ...201727349470
simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides originating from sewage sludge compost.a simultaneous method for quantitative determination of traces of fluoroquinolones (fqs) and sulfonamides (sas) in edible plants fertilized with sewage sludge was developed. the compounds were extracted from the plants by rapid and simple liquid extraction followed by extracts clean-up using solid phase extraction. the eluent additive 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol was used for liquid chromatographic detection to achieve separation of structurally similar antimicrobials like ciprofloxacin and ...201728695191
macroaggregation and soil organic carbon restoration in a highly weathered brazilian oxisol after two decades under no-till.conclusions based on studies of the impacts of soil organic carbon (soc) fractions and soil texture on macroaggregation and soc stabilization in long-term (>20years) no-till (nt) fields remain debatable. this study was based on the hypothesis that the amount and frequency of biomass-c input associated with nt can be a pathway to formation of macroaggregates and to soc buildup. the objectives were to: 1) assess the macroaggregate distribution (proportional mass, class mass) and the soc and partic ...201729122351
soil biological activity contributing to phosphorus availability in vertisols under long-term organic and conventional agricultural management.mobilization of unavailable phosphorus (p) to plant available p is a prerequisite to sustain crop productivity. although most of the agricultural soils have sufficient amounts of phosphorus, low availability of native soil p remains a key limiting factor to increasing crop productivity. solubilization and mineralization of applied and native p to plant available form is mediated through a number of biological and biochemical processes that are strongly influenced by soil carbon/organic matter, b ...201728928758
identification and characterization of the bzip transcription factor involved in zinc homeostasis in cereals.members of the basic leucine zipper family, as bzip19, are considered to be essential regulators of the adaptation to zinc deficiency. knowing that this gene as well as its targets are conserved in the plant kingdom, we followed an in silico approach to identify and characterize the bzip19 gene in cereals. through blastp in phytozome database, 33 bzip19 genes were identified on the genomes of oryza sativa, sorghum bicolor, zea mays, glycine max, triticum aestivum, and brachypodium distachyon. th ...201728671251
evaluation of risk assessment of new industrial pollutant, ionic liquids on environmental living systems.ionic liquids (ils) are much known for their promising alternative for volatile solvents in industries and gained popularity as a greener solvent, however industrial effluent discharge containing ils are also increasing. there is a scarcity of information on the toxicity of ils; the present study will explore different facts about their harmfulness. the toxic effects of five different ils: [c4mim]br, [hx3pc14]n(cn)2, [c10mim]bf4, [btda]cl and [c4mpy]cl were analysed on bacteria, fungi, plant and ...201728865373
interaction effects on uptake and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances and cadmium in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rapeseed (brassica campestris l.) from co-contaminated soil.a vegetation study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass), including perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos), and cadmium (cd) on soil enzyme activities, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rapeseed (brassica campestris l.) from co-contaminated soil. soil urease activities were inhibited significantly but catalase activities were promoted significantly by interaction of pfass and cd wh ...201727940134
contrasting responses of crop legumes and cereals to nitrogen availability.in nonagricultural systems, the relationship between intrinsic water-use efficiency (wuei ) and leaf nitrogen (narea ) is known to be stronger for legumes than for nonlegumes. we tested whether these relationships are retained for major agricultural legumes and nonlegumes. we compared the response to n nutrition of wuei (and its component parts, photosynthesis (asat ) and stomatal conductance (gs )) for legumes cicer arietinum, glycine max, lupinus alba and vicia faba, nonlegume dicots brassica ...201729178286
responses of wheat plants to interactions of 24-epibrassinolide and glomus mosseae in saline condition.this study was designed to investigate the possible effects of 24-epibrassinolide (br), arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus, glomus mosseae, singularly and collectively under salt stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants. after foliar spraying of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants by 5 µm epibrassinolide (24-epi), they were treated with 0 and 150 mm nacl for 2 weeks and then harvested. the results showed interactions of g. mosseae and 24-epi could alleviate the adverse effects of salinit ...201728878494
proteomic insight into the mitigation of wheat root drought stress by arbuscular mycorrhizae.arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) are plant growth promoters that ameliorate plant-water relations and the nutrient uptake of wheat. in this work, two cultivars of triticum spp., a bread and a durum wheat, grown under drought stress and inoculated or not by amf, are evaluated through a shotgun proteomic approach. the amf association had beneficial effects as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots, in both bread and durum wheat. the beneficial symbiosis was confirmed by measuring morphological and ph ...201728366879
a functionally conserved zn2 cys6 binuclear cluster transcription factor class regulates necrotrophic effector gene expression and host-specific virulence of two major pleosporales fungal pathogens of wheat.the fungus parastagonospora nodorum is the causal agent of septoria nodorum blotch of wheat (triticum aestivum). the interaction is mediated by multiple fungal necrotrophic effector-dominant host sensitivity gene interactions. the three best-characterized effector-sensitivity gene systems are sntoxa-tsn1, sntox1-snn1 and sntox3-snn3. these effector genes are highly expressed during early infection, but expression decreases as the infection progresses to tissue necrosis and sporulation. however, ...201727860150
genome-wide association mapping of resistance to eyespot disease (pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) in european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and fine-mapping of pch1.genotypes with recombination events in the triticum ventricosum introgression on chromosome 7d allowed to fine-map resistance gene pch1, the main source of eyespot resistance in european winter wheat cultivars. eyespot (also called strawbreaker) is a common and serious fungal disease of winter wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungi oculimacula yallundae and oculimacula acuformis (former name pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides). a genome-wide association study (gwas) for eyespot was performed wi ...201727866227
characterization and mapping of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance loci in hexaploid wheat lines uc1110 and pi610750 under mexican environments.growing resistant wheat varieties is a key method of minimizing the extent of yield losses caused by the globally important wheat leaf rust (lr) and stripe rust (yr) diseases. in this study, a population of 186 f8 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between a synthetic wheat derivative (pi610750) and an adapted common wheat line (cv. "uc1110") were phenotyped for lr and yr response at both seedling and adult plant stages over multiple seasons. using a genetic linkage map consist ...201728878791
candidate loci involved in domestication and improvement detected by a published 90k wheat snp array.selection is one of the most important forces in crop evolution. common wheat is a major world food crop and a typical allopolyploid with a huge and complex genome. we applied four approaches to detect loci selected in wheat during domestication and improvement. a total of 7,984 candidate loci were detected, accounting for 23.3% of all 34,317 snps analysed, a much higher proportion than estimated in previous reports. we constructed a first generation wheat selection map which revealed the follow ...201728327671
breeding value of primary synthetic wheat genotypes for grain yield.to introduce new genetic diversity into the bread wheat gene pool from its progenitor, aegilops tauschii (coss.) schmalh, 33 primary synthetic hexaploid wheat genotypes (syn) were crossed to 20 spring bread wheat (bw) cultivars at the international wheat and maize improvement center. modified single seed descent was used to develop 97 populations with 50 individuals per population using first back-cross, biparental, and three-way crosses. individuals from each cross were selected for short statu ...201727656893
characterization of pyrenophora tritici-repentis (tan spot of wheat) races in baltic states and romania.tan spot, caused by the fungus pyrenophora triticirepentis, is economically important foliar disease in latvia, lithuania, and romania; however, race structure from baltic states and romania is not known. in this study, we performed genotypic and phenotypic race characterization of a large collection of p. triticirepentis isolates from these countries to determine race structure and utilize this information for better disease management and breeding wheat for tan spot resistance. we characterize ...201728381960
influence of water activity and temperature on growth and fumonisin production by fusarium proliferatum strains on irradiated wheat grains.wheat is the most important cereal consumed by the argentine population. in previous studies performed in durum and common wheat grains in this country it has been observed fumonisin contamination as well as high incidence of fusarium proliferatum. fumonisins are toxic fungal metabolites, and consumption of fumonisin-contaminated maize has been epidemiologically associated with oesophageal cancer and neural tube defects in some human populations. using irradiated wheat-grains, the effects of abi ...201729216556
a multipurpose toolkit to enable advanced genome engineering in plants.we report a comprehensive toolkit that enables targeted, specific modification of monocot and dicot genomes using a variety of genome engineering approaches. our reagents, based on transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talens) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)/cas9 system, are systematized for fast, modular cloning and accommodate diverse regulatory sequences to drive reagent expression. vectors are optimized to create either single or multiple ...201728522548
valorizing guava (psidium guajava l.) seeds through germination-induced carbohydrate changes.guava seeds are produced as a waste product by the guava processing industry. their high carbohydrate contents may suit the carbohydrate needs of the feed sector but their high dietary fiber content limits their feed value. the feed values of fruit seeds can be improved through germination, which involves the mobilization of nutrients through seed enzymes and alters the seed carbohydrate composition. the changes of selected carbohydrates in guava (psidium guajava l.) seeds brought by germination ...201728720961
on the origin of the non-brittle rachis trait of domesticated einkorn wheat.einkorn and emmer wheat together with barley were among the first cereals domesticated by humans more than 10,000 years ago, long before durum or bread wheat originated. domesticated einkorn wheat differs from its wild progenitor in basic morphological characters such as the grain dispersal system. this study identified the non-brittle rachis 1 (btr1) and non-brittle rachis 2 (btr2) in einkorn as homologous to barley. re-sequencing of the btr1 and btr2 in a collection of 53 lines showed that a s ...201729354137
nitrous oxide emissions from a northern great plains soil as influenced by nitrogen management and cropping systems.field measurements of n2o emissions from soils are limited for cropping systems in the semiarid northern great plains (ngp). the objectives were to develop n2o emission-time profiles for cropping systems in the semiarid ngp, define important periods of loss, determine the impact of best management practices on n2o losses, and estimate direct n fertilizer-induced emissions (fie). no-till (nt) wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-fallow, wheat-wheat, and wheat-pea (pisum sativum), and conventional till (c ...201718389938
soil total carbon and nitrogen and crop yields after eight years of tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice.information on the long-term effect of management practices on soil c and n stocks is lacking. an experiment was conducted from 2004 to 2011 in the northern great plains, usa to examine the effects of tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice on annualized crop residue (stems + leaves) returned to the soil and grain yield, and soil total c (stc) and total n (stn) stocks at the 0-120 cm depth. tillage practices were no-tillage (nt) and conventional tillage (ct) and crop rotations were continu ...201729322104
does specific parameterization of wham improve the prediction of copper competitive binding and toxicity on plant roots?we aimed at assessing whether the binding and rhizotoxicity of metal cations such as copper that exhibit high affinity for plant roots could be adequately predicted using the windermere humic aqueous model (wham) default parameterization. accordingly, we first compared the ability of the default parameterization of wham and a specific parameterization for terrestrial higher plants (wham-thp) to model the competitive binding of copper on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and tomato (solanum lycopersic ...201727998818
introgression of the aegilops speltoides su1-ph1 suppressor into wheat.meiotic pairing between homoeologous chromosomes in polyploid wheat is inhibited by the ph1 locus on the long arm of chromosome 5 in the b genome. aegilops speltoides (genomes ss), the closest relative of the progenitor of the wheat b genome, is polymorphic for genetic suppression of ph1. using this polymorphism, two major suppressor loci, su1-ph1 and su2-ph1, have been mapped in ae. speltoides. su1-ph1 is located in the distal, high-recombination region of the long arm of the ae. speltoides chr ...201729326749
an advanced backcross population through synthetic octaploid wheat as a "bridge": development and qtl detection for seed dormancy.the seed dormancy characteristic is regarded as one of the most critical factors for pre-harvest sprouting (phs) resistance. as a wild wheat relative species, aegilops tauschii is a potential genetic resource for improving common wheat. in this study, an advanced backcross population (201 strains) containing only ae. tauschii segments was developed by means of synthetic octaploid wheat (hexaploid wheat zhoumai 18 × ae. tauschii t093). subsequently, seed dormancy rate (dor) in the advanced backcr ...201729321790
marker-assisted pyramiding of thinopyrum-derived leaf rust resistance genes lr19 and lr24 in bread wheat variety hd2733.this study was undertaken to pyramid two effective leaf rust resistance genes (lr19 and lr24) derived from thinopyrum (syn. agropyron), in the susceptible, but agronomically superior wheat cultivar hd2733 using marker-assisted selection. in the year 2001, hd2733 was released for irrigated timely sown conditions of the north eastern plains zone (nepz) of india became susceptible to leaf rust, a major disease of the region. background selection helped in developing near-isogenic lines (nils) of hd ...201729321354
chromosome pairing in hybrid progeny between triticum aestivum and elytrigia elongata.in this study, the intergeneric hybrids f1, f2, bc1f1, bc1f2, and bc2f1 from elytrigia elongata and triticum aestivum crosses were produced to study their chromosome pairing behavior. the average e. elongata chromosome configuration of the two f1 hybrids agreed with the theoretical chromosome configuration of 21i+7ii, indicating that the genomic constitution of this f1 hybrid was abdststeeebex. compared with the bc1f1 generation, the bc2f1 generation showed a rapid decrease in the number of e. e ...201729312403
genetic diversity, population structure and ancestral origin of australian wheat.since the introduction of wheat into australia by the first fleet settlers, germplasm from different geographical origins has been used to adapt wheat to the australian climate through selection and breeding. in this paper, we used 482 cultivars, representing the breeding history of bread wheat in australia since 1840, to characterize their diversity and population structure and to define the geographical ancestral background of australian wheat germplasm. this was achieved by comparing them to ...201729312381
characterization of qtls for root traits of wheat grown under different nitrogen and phosphorus supply levels.root is important in acquiring nutrients from soils. developing marker-assisted selection for wheat root traits can help wheat breeders to select roots desirable for efficient acquisition of nutrients. a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from wheat varieties xiaoyan 54 and jing 411 was used to detect qtls for maximum root length and root dry weight (rdw) under control, low nitrogen and low phosphorus conditions in hydrophobic culture (hc). we totally detected 17 qtls for the inves ...201729312372
leaf-gp: an open and automated software application for measuring growth phenotypes for arabidopsis and wheat.plants demonstrate dynamic growth phenotypes that are determined by genetic and environmental factors. phenotypic analysis of growth features over time is a key approach to understand how plants interact with environmental change as well as respond to different treatments. although the importance of measuring dynamic growth traits is widely recognised, available open software tools are limited in terms of batch image processing, multiple traits analyses, software usability and cross-referencing ...201729299051
oxidative stress defence responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and chilli (capsicum annum l.) cultivars grown under textile effluent fertilization.oxidative stress is complex physiological phenomenon that accompanies virtually in all stresses including either the deficiency or the surplus of micronutrients in the soil. in response to reactive oxygen species (ros) generation, plants use a range of mechanisms to minimize the toxicity and protect cell membranes from damage. there are known reports indicating that effluents from the textile industry can serve as a micronutrient supplier under otherwise limited conditions. however, the addition ...201729294440
molecular and cytogenetic characterization of the 5ds-5bs chromosome translocation conditioning soft kernel texture in durum wheat.the durum wheat ( ssp. (desf.) husn.) cultivar soft svevo with a soft kernel texture was developed through a -mediated homoeologous 5ds-5bs chromosomal translocation. the soft kernel trait ( locus) derived from chromosome 5d of the common wheat ( l.) cultivar chinese spring. soft svevo was used as the donor parent to create near-isogenic soft durum germplasm. the size of the translocation, its estimated breakpoint, and the amount of chromosome 5bs translocated, if any, remain unknown. four near- ...201729293810
genome targeted introgression of resistance to african stem rust from aegilops sharonensis into bread wheat.many accessions of the wheat wild relative sharon goatgrass ( eig., ) are resistant to african races of the stem rust pathogen (i.e., ug99 group races), which currently threaten wheat production worldwide. a procedure was designed to introgress the respective resistances to specific bread wheat genomes by producing plants homozygous for the a and b genomes and hemizygous for the d and s genomes or homozygous for the a and d genomes and hemizygous for the b and s genomes. in these genotypes, whic ...201729293809
glycomyces tritici sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and emended description of the genus glycomyces.a novel actinomycete strain, designated neau-c2t, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of this strain were consistent with the description of the genus glycomyces. growth was found to occur at a temperature range of 15-40 °c, ph 6-10 and nacl concentrations of 0-4%. the cell wall was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole cell sugars were identified as galact ...201729289993
development and validation of abiotic ligand model for nickel toxicity to wheat (triticum aestivum).a terrestrial biotic ligand model (t-blm) was developed to predict nickel toxicity to wheat (triticum aestivum) root elongation in hydroponic solutions. the competitive effects of five major cations (ca2+, mg2+, na+, k+ and h+) on ni toxicity were investigated and mg2+was found to be a strong competitor, while h+ showed less competing effect. besides free ni2+, the toxicity induced by the species nihco3+ was non-neglect able at ph>7 because nihco3+ occupied a significant fraction of total ni und ...201729289288
silicon alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) by reducing cadmium ion uptake and enhancing antioxidative capacity.cadmium (cd) is a toxic element that poses a great threat to human health, while silicon (si) is a beneficial element and has been shown to have a mitigation effect on plants under cd toxicity. however, the mechanisms underlying the role of si in alleviating cd toxicity are still poorly understood in wheat. therefore, growth status, photosynthesis parameters, root morphology, antioxidant system, and cd2+ uptake and flux under cd toxicity were studied through hydroponic experiment, aiming to expl ...201729285697
genome-wide association study and genetic diversity analysis on nitrogen use efficiency in a central european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) collection.to satisfy future demands, the increase of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yield is inevitable. simultaneously, maintaining high crop productivity and efficient use of nutrients, especially nitrogen use efficiency (nue), are essential for sustainable agriculture. nue and its components are inherently complex and highly influenced by environmental factors, nitrogen management practices and genotypic variation. therefore, a better understanding of their genetic basis and regulation is fundamental. to ...201729283996
impact of sensor-controlled variable-rate fungicide application on yield, senescence and disease occurrence in winter wheat fields.field experiments related to target-oriented variable-rate fungicide spraying were performed in 2015 and 2016. the spray volume was adapted in real time to the local green coverage level of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which was detected by a camera sensor.201729283495
the nb-lrr gene pm60 confers powdery mildew resistance in wheat.powdery mildew is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat. to date, few powdery mildew resistance genes have been cloned from wheat due to the size and complexity of the wheat genome. triticum urartu is the progenitor of the a genome of wheat and is an important source for powdery mildew resistance genes. using molecular markers designed from scaffolds of the sequenced t. urartu accession and standard map-based cloning, a powdery mildew resistance locus was mapped to a 356-kb region, which ...201729281751
comparison of microbial communities associated with halophyte (salsola stocksii) and non-halophyte (triticum aestivum) using culture-independent approaches.halophyte microbiome contributes significantly to plant performance and can provide information regarding complex ecological processes involved in osmoregulation of these plants. the objective of this study is to investigate the microbiomes associated with belowground (rhizosphere), internal (endosphere) and aboveground (phyllosphere) tissues of halophyte (salsola stocksii) through metagenomics approach. plant samples were collected from khewra salt mines. the metagenomic dna from soil, root and ...201729319512
physiological and transcriptomic analyses of a yellow-green mutant with high photosynthetic efficiency in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).optimizing the antenna size by reducing the chlorophyll (chl) content is an effective strategy to improve solar energy conversion efficiencies in dense crop monocultures. to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms that regulate chl biosynthesis and understand the effects of lower chl content on the photosynthetic process, a light-intensity-dependent yellow-green wheat mutant (jimai5265yg) was characterized to determine its morphological, histological, physiological, and transcriptio ...201729270875
mapping of quantitative trait loci for grain yield and its components in a us popular winter wheat tam 111 using 90k snps.stable quantitative trait loci (qtl) are important for deployment in marker assisted selection in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and other crops. we reported qtl discovery in wheat using a population of 217 recombinant inbred lines and multiple statistical approach including multi-environment, multi-trait and epistatic interactions analysis. we detected nine consistent qtl linked to different traits on chromosomes 1a, 2a, 2b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b and 7a. grain yield qtl were detected on chromosomes 2b.1 ...201729267314
evolutionary history of the nam-b1 gene in wild and domesticated tetraploid wheat.the nam-b1 gene in wheat has for almost three decades been extensively studied and utilized in breeding programs because of its significant impact on grain protein and mineral content and pleiotropic effects on senescence rate and grain size. first detected in wild emmer wheat, the wild-type allele of the gene has been introgressed into durum and bread wheat. later studies have, however, also found the presence of the wild-type allele in some domesticated subspecies. in this study we trace the e ...201729262777
de novo assembly and comparative analysis of the transcriptome of embryogenic callus formation in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).during asexual reproduction the embryogenic callus can differentiate into a new plantlet, offering great potential for fostering in vitro culture efficiency in plants. the immature embryos (imes) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are more easily able to generate embryogenic callus than mature embryos (mes). to understand the molecular process of embryogenic callus formation in wheat, de novo transcriptome sequencing was used to generate transcriptome sequences from calli derived from imes and mes ...201729258440
production and molecular characterization of bread wheat lines with reduced amount of α-type gliadins.among wheat gluten proteins, the α-type gliadins are the major responsible for celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder that affects about 1% of the world population. in fact, these proteins contain several toxic and immunogenic epitopes that trigger the onset of the disease. the α-type gliadins are a multigene family, encoded by genes located at the complex gli-2 loci.201729258439
inferring defense-related gene families in arabidopsis and wheat.a large number of disease resistance genes or qtls in crop plants are identified through conventional genetics and genomic tools, but their functional or molecular characterization remains costly, labor-intensive and inaccurate largely due to the lack of deep sequencing of large and complex genomes of many important crops such as allohexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). on the other hand, gene annotation and relevant genomic resources for disease resistance and other defense-related traits ar ...201729258426
aetmyc1, the candidate gene controlling the red coleoptile trait in aegilops tauschii coss. accession as77.the red coleoptile trait can help monocotyledonous plants withstand stresses, and key genes responsible for the trait have been isolated from triticum aestivum, triticum urartu, and triticum monococcum, but no corresponding research has been reported for aegilops tauschii. in this research, transcriptome analysis was performed to isolate the candidate gene controlling the white coleoptile trait in ae. tauschii. there were 5348 upregulated, differentially-expressed genes (degs) and 4761 downregul ...201729258257
a novel wheat nac transcription factor, tanac30, negatively regulates resistance of wheat to stripe rust.nac transcription factors are widespread in the plant kingdom and play essential roles in the transcriptional regulation of defense responses. in this study, we isolated a novel nac transcription factor gene, tanac30, from a cdna library constructed from wheat (triticum aestivum) plants inoculated with the stripe rust pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst). tanac30 contains a typical nam domain and localizes to the nucleus. yeast one-hybrid assays revealed that tanac30 exhibits trans ...201729251427
identifying potential molecular factors involved in bacillus amyloliquefaciens 5113 mediated abiotic stress tolerance in wheat.abiotic stressors are main limiting factors for agricultural production around the world. plant growth-promoting bacteria have been successfully used to improve abiotic stress tolerance in several crops including wheat. however, the molecular changes involved in the improvement of stress management are poorly understood. the present investigation addressed some molecular factors involved in bacterially induced plant abiotic stress responses by identifying differentially expressed genes in wheat ...201729247572
application of a partitioning procedure based on rao quadratic entropy index to characterize the temporal evolution of in situ varietal and genetic diversity of bread wheat in france over the period 1981-2006.we present and highlight a partitioning procedure based on the rao quadratic entropy index to assess temporal in situ inter-annual varietal and genetic changes of crop diversity. for decades, western-european agroecosystems have undergone profound changes, among which a reduction of crop genetic diversity. these changes have been highlighted in numerous studies, but no unified partitioning procedure has been proposed to compute the inter-annual variability in both varietal and genetic diversity. ...201729247257
qtl analysis of falling number and seed longevity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).pre-harvest sprouting (phs) and seed longevity (sl) are complex biological processes of major importance for agricultural production. in the present study, a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from a cross between the german winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars history and rubens was used to identify genetic factors controlling these two physiological seed traits. a falling number (fn) test was employed to evaluate phs, while sl was measured using a germination test (and t ...201729238920
effect of the winter wheat cheyenne 5a substituted chromosome on dynamics of abscisic acid and cytokinins in freezing-sensitive chinese spring genetic background.the effect of short- and long-term cold treatment on the abscisic acid (aba) and cytokinin (ck) metabolism, and their main biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes were investigated in freezing-sensitive and freezing-tolerant wheat genotypes. varieties cheyenne and chinese spring substituted with the 5a cheyenne chromosome, which represented freezing-tolerant genotypes, were compared with the freezing-sensitive chinese spring. hormone levels and gene expression data indicated that the short- an ...201729238355
putative microsatellite dna marker-based wheat genomic resource for varietal improvement and management.wheat fulfills 20% of global caloric requirement. world needs 60% more wheat for 9 billion population by 2050 but climate change with increasing temperature is projected to affect wheat productivity adversely. trait improvement and management of wheat germplasm requires genomic resource. simple sequence repeats (ssrs) being highly polymorphic and ubiquitously distributed in the genome, can be a marker of choice but there is no structured marker database with options to generate primer pairs for ...201729234333
comparative assessment of chloroplast transcriptional responses highlights conserved and unique patterns across triticeae members under salt stress.chloroplast functional genomics, in particular understanding the chloroplast transcriptional response is of immense importance mainly due to its role in oxygenic photosynthesis. as a photosynthetic unit, its efficiency and transcriptional activity is directly regulated by reactive oxygen species during abiotic and biotic stress and subsequently affects carbon assimilation, and plant biomass. in crops, understanding photosynthesis is crucial for crop domestication by identifying the traits that c ...201729230609
a cbl-interacting protein kinase tacipk27 confers drought tolerance and exogenous aba sensitivity in transgenic arabidopsis.drought is one of the major environmental stresses to plants. the calcium sensor, calcineurin b-like (cbl) proteins, and their interacting protein kinases (cipk) play important roles in responding to abiotic stresses. in this study, we functionally characterized a cipk gene from triticum aestivum designated tacipk27. the transcriptional levels of tacipk27 were increased both in roots and leaves after treatment with polyethylene glycol 8000, abscisic acid and h2o2. besides, tacipk27 interacted wi ...201729227949
overexpression of tawrky146 increases drought tolerance through inducing stomatal closure in arabidopsis thaliana.as a superfamily of transcription factors, the tryptophan-arginine-lysine-tyrosine (wrky) transcription factors have been found to be essential for abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. currently, only 76 wrky transcription factors in wheat could be identified in the ncbi database, among which only a few have been functionally analyzed. herein, a total of 188 wrky transcription factors were identified from the wheat genome database, which included 123 full-length coding sequences, and a ...201729225611
high-definition infrared thermography of ice nucleation and propagation in wheat under natural frost conditions and controlled freezing.an extremely high resolution infrared camera demonstrated various freezing events in wheat under natural conditions. many of those events shed light on years of misunderstanding regarding freezing in small grains. infrared thermography has enhanced our knowledge of ice nucleation and propagation in plants through visualization of the freezing process. the majority of infrared analyses have been conducted under controlled conditions and often on individual organs instead of whole plants. in the p ...201729224121
a wheat myb transcriptional repressor tamyb1d regulates phenylpropanoid metabolism and enhances tolerance to drought and oxidative stresses in transgenic tobacco plants.myb transcription factors are involved in the regulation of plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stress. in this study, tamyb1d, a novel subgroup 4 gene of the r2r3-myb subfamily, was cloned from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). tamyb1d was localized in the nucleus and functioned as a transcriptional repressor. the overexpression of tamyb1d in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants repressed the expression of genes related to phenylpropanoid metabolism and down-regulated the accumulatio ...201729223332
characterization of the cct family and analysis of gene expression in aegilops tauschii.flowering is crucial for reproductive success in flowering plant. the cct domain-containing genes widely participate in the regulation of flowering process in various plant species. so far, the cct family in common wheat is largely unknown. here, we characterized the structure, organization, molecular evolution and expression of the cct genes in aegilops tauschii, which is the d genome donor of hexaploid wheat. twenty-six cct genes (aetcct) were identified from the full genome of a. tauschii and ...201729220383
multi-walled carbon nanotubes applied through seed-priming influence early germination, root hair, growth and yield of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).reports of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) incorporated into plants have indicated better yield and productivity, yet the phenomena need in-depth understanding especially when agricultural crops are tested. we primed wheat seeds with mwcnts to understand the effects on germination, growth, anatomy, physiology and yield.201729220088
genetic analysis of multi-environmental spring wheat trials identifies genomic regions for locus-specific trade-offs for grain weight and grain number.gwas on multi-environment data identified genomic regions associated with trade-offs for grain weight and grain number. grain yield (gy) can be dissected into its components thousand grain weight (tgw) and grain number (gn), but little has been achieved in assessing the trade-off between them in spring wheat. in the present study, the wheat association mapping initiative (wami) panel of 287 elite spring bread wheat lines was phenotyped for gy, gn, and tgw in ten environments across different whe ...201729218375
location, root proximity, and glyphosate-use history modulate the effects of glyphosate on fungal community networks of wheat.glyphosate is the most-used herbicide worldwide and an essential tool for weed control in no-till cropping systems. however, concerns have been raised regarding the long-term effects of glyphosate on soil microbial communities. we examined the impact of repeated glyphosate application on bulk and rhizosphere soil fungal communities of wheat grown in four soils representative of the dryland wheat production region of eastern washington, usa. further, using soils from paired fields, we contrasted ...201729218372
genetic classification of <i>aegilops columnaris </i>zhuk. (2n=4x=28, u<sup>c</sup>u<sup>c</sup>x<sup>c</sup>x<sup>c</sup>) chromosomes based on fish analysis and substitution patterns in common wheat x <i>ae. columnaris </i>introgressive lines.<i>aegilops columnaris</i> is tetraploid <i>aegilops</i> species originated from <i>ae. umbellulata </i>(2n=2x=14, uu) and yet unknown diploid grass species. although <i>ae. columnaris </i>possesses some agronomically valuable traits, such as heat and drought tolerance, resistance to pests, it has never been used in wheat breeding due to difficulties of hybrid production and lack of information on the relationships between <i>ae. columnaris </i>and common wheat chromosomes. in this paper we repo ...201729216443
introgression of aegilops speltoides segments in triticum aestivum and the effect of the gametocidal genes.bread wheat (triticum aestivum) has been through a severe genetic bottleneck as a result of its evolution and domestication. it is therefore essential that new sources of genetic variation are generated and utilized. this study aimed to generate genome-wide introgressed segments from aegilops speltoides. introgressions generated from this research will be made available for phenotypic analysis.201729216335
effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on morphogenetic activity in wheat somatic calluses.we evaluated the effect of lipopolysaccharides from the plant-growth-promoting associative bacterium azospirillum brasilense sp245 and from the enteric bacterium escherichia coli k12 on the morphogenic potential of in vitro-growing somatic calluses of soft spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. saratovskaya 29). a genetic model was used that included two near-isogenic lines of t. aestivum l. cv. saratovskaya 29 with different embryogenic capacities; one of these lines carries the rht-b1 dwarfing ...201729204736
overexpression of the class i homeodomain transcription factor tahdzipi-5 increases drought and frost tolerance in transgenic wheat.characterization of the function of stress-related genes helps to understand the mechanisms of plant responses to environmental conditions. the findings of this work defined the role of the wheat tahdzipi-5 gene, encoding a stress-responsive homeodomain-leucine zipper class i (hd-zip i) transcription factor, during the development of plant tolerance to frost and drought. strong induction of tahdzipi-5 expression by low temperatures, and the elevated tahdzipi-5 levels of expression in flowers and ...201729193733
nitrogen use efficiency is regulated by interacting proteins relevant to development in wheat.wheat (triticum aestivum) has low nitrogen use efficiency (nue). the genetic mechanisms controlling nue are unknown. positional cloning of a major quantitative trait locus for n-related agronomic traits showed that the vernalization gene tavrn-a1 was tightly linked with tanue1, the gene shown to influence nue in wheat. because of an ala180 /val180 substitution, tavrn-a1a and tavrn-a1b proteins interact differentially with taanr1, a protein encoded by a wheat orthologue of arabidopsis nitrate reg ...201729193541
the infection and impact of azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 on wheat (triticum aestivum l.).based on our previous study, cereal crop wheat (triticum aestivum l.) could be infected by rhizobia azorhizobium caulinodans ors571, and form para-nodules with the induction of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a common plant growth regulator. to enhance this infection and the potential agricultural application, we compared six different infection methods (direct seed dip; seed germination dip; pruned-root dip; foliar spray; circum-soil dip; seed dip and circum-soil dip) for achieving the high eff ...201729190702
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