Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| irradiation temperature influences product quality factors of frozen vegetables and radiation sensitivity of inoculated listeria monocytogenes. | four frozen vegetables (broccoli, corn, lima beans, and peas) were gamma irradiated at subfreezing temperatures ranging from -5 to -20 degrees c to determine (i) the radiation sensitivity of an inoculated outbreak strain of listeria monocytogenes (atcc 49594), (ii) the effect of changing irradiation conditions (i.e., temperature) on that sensitivity, and (iii) the effect of the recommended radiation dose on the texture and color of irradiated frozen vegetables. the amounts of radiation necessary ... | 2002 | 12233849 |
| control of listeria monocytogenes on turkey frankfurters by generally-recognized-as-safe preservatives. | generally-recognized-as-safe chemicals applied to the surfaces of turkey frankfurters were evaluated for their ability to reduce populations of or inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes. frankfurters were treated prior to inoculation by dipping for 1 min in a solution of one of four preservatives (sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, potassium sorbate, and sodium diacetate) at three different concentrations (15, 20, and 25% [wt/vol]), with < 0.3% of the preservative being present for each f ... | 2002 | 12233850 |
| detection of listeria monocytogenes in pigs and pork. | in this study, we surveyed hogs (n = 300) as well as pork products (ground pork and raw chitterlings) for listeria monocytogenes. pig specimens collected before (tonsil swabs) and after slaughter (tonsils, lymph nodes, carcass swabs, and rectal contents) were examined for l. monocytogenes by enrichment with conventional enrichment broths followed by subculturing to selective agar. a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the highly conserved 16s rrna gene of the listeria species as ... | 2002 | 12233860 |
| ascopyrone p, a novel antibacterial derived from fungi. | to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of ascopyrone p (app), a secondary metabolite formed by the fungi anthracobia melaloma, plicaria anthracina, plic. leiocarpa and peziza petersi belonging to the order pezizales. | 2002 | 12234354 |
| critical roles of myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent proinflammatory cytokine release in early phase clearance of listeria monocytogenes in mice. | listeria monocytogenes (lm), a facultative intracellular gram-positive bacterium, often causes lethal infection of the host. in this study we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying lm eradication in the early phase of infection. upon infection with lm, both il-12 and il-18 were produced, and then they synergistically induced ifn-gamma production, leading to normal lm clearance in the host. ifn-gamma knockout (ko) mice were highly susceptible to lm infection. il-12/il-18 double knockout ... | 2002 | 12244183 |
| myd88-dependent but toll-like receptor 2-independent innate immunity to listeria: no role for either in macrophage listericidal activity. | we have assessed the requirements for toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling in vivo during early infection with listeria monocytogenes. mice deficient for tlr2, a receptor required for the recognition of gram-positive peptidoglycan, showed equivalent listeria resistance to wild-type mice. however, mice deficient for myd88, an adaptor molecule used by all tlrs, showed profound susceptibility with 3-4 logs greater listeria burden and severe spleen and liver pathology at day 3 postinfection. listeria- ... | 2002 | 12244184 |
| passive immunization with convalescent serum, or oral immunization with formalin-killed organisms, does not protect mice against gastrointestinal challenge with listeria monocytogenes. | listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen in both humans and animals. in addition, murine listeriosis is a widely used model for studying the molecular pathogenesis of an intracellular pathogen, and the regulation of protective cellular immunity. little attention has been paid to protective immunity against l. monocytogenes in the gastrointestinal tract, where a secretory immune response might prevent attachment of the bacteria to the intestinal epithelium. in this study we found ... | 2002 | 11848130 |
| survival and growth of alkali-stressed listeria monocytogenes on beef frankfurters and thermotolerance in frankfurter exudates. | cells of listeria monocytogenes exposed at 4 degrees c to 1% solutions of two alkaline cleaners or alkali-adapted in tryptose phosphate broth (ph 10.0) at 37 degrees c for 45 min, followed by 4 degrees c for 48 h, were inoculated onto beef frankfurters containing high fat (16 g) and high sodium (550 mg) or low fat (8 g) and low sodium (250 mg) per 57-g serving. frankfurters were surface inoculated (2.0 log10 cfu/g), vacuum packaged, stored at -20, 4, or 12 degrees c, and analyzed for populations ... | 2002 | 11848560 |
| control of listeria monocytogenes with combined antimicrobials after postprocess contamination and extended storage of frankfurters at 4 degrees c in vacuum packages. | contamination of ready-to-eat foods, such as frankfurters, with listeria monocytogenes, is a major concern that needs to be addressed in order to enhance the safety of these products. the objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combinations of antimicrobials included in the formulation of frankfurters against l. monocytogenes inoculated (10(3) to 10(4) cfu/cm2) on their surface after peeling and before vacuum packaging. in addition, the antilisterial effect of immersing the ... | 2002 | 11848561 |
| competitive inhibition of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat products by lactic acid bacteria. | forty-nine strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab), isolated from commercially available ready-to-eat (rte) meat products, were screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes at refrigeration (5 degrees c) temperatures on agar spot tests. the three most inhibitory strains were identified as pediococcus acidilactici, lactobacillus casei, and lactobacillus paracasei by 16s rdna sequence analysis. their antilisterial activity was quantified in associative cultures in deman ... | 2002 | 11848562 |
| inactivation of foodborne pathogens in milk using dynamic high pressure. | improving the microbiological safety of perishable foods is currently a major preoccupation in the food industry. the aim of this study was to investigate the inactivation of three major food pathogens (listeria monocytogenes [lsd 105-1], escherichia coli o157:h7 [atcc 35150], and salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis atcc [13047]) by dynamic high pressure (dhp) in order to evaluate its potential as a new alternative for the cold pasteurization of milk. the effectiveness of dhp treatment agai ... | 2002 | 11848566 |
| characterization of an antibacterial peptide produced by brevibacterium linens. | the aim of this research was to investigate the antimicrobial activity produced by brevibacterium linens atcc 9175. | 2002 | 11849329 |
| survival of listeria monocytogenes in commercial food-processing equipment cleaning solutions and subsequent sensitivity to sanitizers and heat. | to determine the ability of listeria monocytogenes to survive exposure to commercial food-processing equipment cleaning solutions and subsequent treatment with sanitizers or heat. | 2002 | 11849330 |
| evaluation of the international phage typing set and some experimental phages for typing of listeria monocytogenes from poultry in spain. | the validity of the international phage set and 13 experimental phages for subtyping listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from poultry in spain was investigated. | 2002 | 11849332 |
| microbial analysis of malaysian tempeh, and characterization of two bacteriocins produced by isolates of enterococcus faecium. | isolation of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (lab) from the malaysian mould-fermented product tempeh and characterization of the produced bacteriocin(s). | 2002 | 11849339 |
| mild heat treatment of lettuce enhances growth of listeria monocytogenes during subsequent storage at 5 degrees c or 15 degrees c. | the objective of this study was to determine the influence of mild heat treatment, storage temperature and storage time on the survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto cut iceberg lettuce leaves. | 2002 | 11849355 |
| enhanced inactivation of listeria monocytogenes by nisin in the presence of ethanol. | the effect of combinations of nisin and ethanol on the survival of listeria monocytogenes was investigated. | 2002 | 11849486 |
| bacteriocin production by spray-dried lactic acid bacteria. | cell survival and antagonistic activity against listeria innocua, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus were investigated after spray-drying three bacteriocin-producing strains of lactic acid bacteria: carnobacterium divergens, lactobacillus salivarius and lactobacillus sakei. | 2002 | 11849498 |
| formation of d-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid is required for adhesion and virulence of listeria monocytogenes. | the dlt operon of gram-positive bacteria comprises four genes (dlta, dltb, dltc and dltd) that catalyse the incorporation of d-alanine residues into the cell wall-associated lipoteichoic acids (ltas). in this work, we characterized the dlt operon of listeria monocytogenes and constructed a d-ala-deficient lta mutant by inactivating the first gene (dlta) of this operon. the dlta- mutant did not show any morphological alterations and its growth rate was similar to that of the wild-type strain. how ... | 2002 | 11849532 |
| essential role of interleukin-12 (il-12) and il-18 for gamma interferon production induced by listeriolysin o in mouse spleen cells. | the mechanism of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production induced by listeriolysin o (llo), a cytolytic virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes, was analyzed with special reference to the involvement of macrophage-derived cytokines in spleen cells of mice. llo purified from the culture supernatant of l. monocytogenes was capable of inducing a high level of ifn-gamma when its cytolytic activity was blocked by cholesterol treatment. the ifn-gamma-inducing ability of llo was not dependent on poss ... | 2002 | 11854182 |
| intracellular induction of listeria monocytogenes acta expression. | following entry into the host cytosol, the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes dramatically increases the expression of several key virulence factors. the expression of acta, whose protein product is required for l. monocytogenes actin-based intracellular motility, is increased by more than 200-fold in cytosolic bacteria in comparison to broth-grown cultures. two distinct promoter elements have been reported to regulate acta expression. one promoter is located immediately upstream of acta ... | 2002 | 11854187 |
| dissociated linkage of cytokine-inducing activity and cytotoxicity to different domains of listeriolysin o from listeria monocytogenes. | listeriolysin o (llo), a cholesterol-binding cytolysin of listeria monocytogenes, exhibits cytokine-inducing and cytolytic activities. because the cytolytic activity was abolished by cholesterol treatment but the cytokine-inducing activity was not, these activities appeared to be linked to different domains of the llo molecule. in this study, we constructed recombinant full-length llo (rllo529) and various truncated derivatives and examined their cytolytic, cholesterol-binding, and gamma interfe ... | 2002 | 11854218 |
| the sortase srta of listeria monocytogenes is involved in processing of internalin and in virulence. | listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular gram-positive human pathogen that invades eucaryotic cells. among the surface-exposed proteins playing a role in this invasive process, internalin belongs to the family of lpxtg proteins, which are known to be covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall in gram-positive bacteria. recently, it has been shown in staphylococcus aureus that the covalent anchoring of protein a, a typical lpxtg protein, is due to a cysteine protease, named sortase, required ... | 2002 | 11854224 |
| microbial risks in mild hot smoking of fish. | hot smoked fish should fulfill the requirements set up for ready-to-eat foods. the total bacterial count on the raw material is 10(3) to 10(5) cfu per cm2 of skin and 10(2) to 10(9) cfu per gram of intestines. contamination with pathogenic bacteria is very low, mainly with clostridium botulinum, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus. in the premises of low hygiene, the contamination may increase due to unsanitary procedures, rotation of assigned duties of wor ... | 2002 | 11833636 |
| acid tolerance of gastrointestinal pathogens. | the ability of pathogenic bacteria to survive in the face of host defense systems is intimately linked to virulence. this is exemplified by gastrointestinal pathogens that must survive exposure to extreme acid conditions within the stomach and organic acid conditions within the small intestine. these organisms have evolved complex systems to respond to acid stress, and recent work has revealed new genetic components involved in survival and virulence. here, we review recent work on four gastroin ... | 2002 | 11834369 |
| selection of bacteriocin producer strains of lactic acid bacteria from a dairy environment. | two strains showing bacteriocin production were selected from a total of 206 lactic acid bacteria isolated from samples of milk, milk serum, whey and homemade cheeses in southern cordoba, argentina. this property was detected by means of well diffusion assays. the strains were identified as enterococcus hirae and enterococcus durans. the protein nature of those substances was proved by showing their sensitivity to type iv and xxv proteases, papaine, trypsin, pepsin and k proteinase. the bacterio ... | 2002 | 11837389 |
| bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus sake as starter culture in dry sausages. | one hundred and fifty-two strains of lactobacillus spp and micrococcus spp, isolated from dry sausages, were screened for inhibitory activity. two of the strains assayed of the genus lactobacillus showed bactericidal activity. they were able to inhibit listeria monocytogenes, listeria seeligeri, listeria innocua, lactobacillus alimentarius and lactobacillus bavaricus. the strains of escherichia coli, salmonella bradford and salmonella newlands, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, pseudomonas ... | 2002 | 11837390 |
| occurrence of yersiniosis and listeriosis in wild boars in japan. | from december 1994 to february 1995, 131 wild boars (sus scrofa leucomysta) living in a mountainous area in japan were examined for yersiniosis and listeriosis. of 131 wild boars, 76 (58%) were males and 55 (42%) were females. four yersinia spp. including y. pseudotuberculosis, y. enterocolitica, y. frederiksenii, and y. aldovei, were isolated from 49 (37%) of 131 wild boars. yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from five (4%) of 131 wild boars. all y. pseudotuberculosis isolates were seroty ... | 2002 | 11838217 |
| characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolates from the meat, poultry and seafood industries by automated ribotyping. | a total of 564 listeria monocytogenes isolates were characterized by automated ribotyping. the samples were taken from equipment, personnel and the environment after cleaning procedures and during food processing, as well as from raw materials and products from six meat, two poultry and five seafood processing plants located in the faroe islands, finland, iceland, norway and sweden. altogether, 25 different ribotypes (rts) were generated. two rts occurred in the samples from all three food secto ... | 2002 | 11843405 |
| colony-blot assay with anti-p60 antibodies as a method for quick identification of listeria in food. | the present study evaluated the ability to isolate listeria from foods, using shortened procedure of sample enrichment followed by immunomagnetic separation or filtration methods, and serological identification of isolated bacteria by colony-blot and western blot methods with anti-p60 antibodies. by these rapid methods, identification of listeria was achieved in much shorter time (40-48 h) than with standard cultivation and biochemical identification procedures. the rapid methods used are easy t ... | 2002 | 11843414 |
| molecular typing techniques to characterize the development of a lactic acid bacteria community on vacuum-packaged beef. | the development of a community of lactic acid bacteria from vacuum-packaged beef was investigated during a 6-week storage trial at 2 degrees c. the lactic acid bacteria population was monitored by using molecular techniques to identify a random sample of isolates at biweekly intervals during the storage trial. the polymerase chain reaction and a randomly amplified polymorphic dna technique were used to identify and distinguish populations of lactic acid bacteria that developed during the storage ... | 2002 | 11843419 |
| [spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to listeria monocytogenes]. | 2002 | 11820985 | |
| risk factors for l. monocytogenes contamination of dairy products in switzerland, 1990-1999. | our purpose was to identify the main hazards associated with the spread of listeria monocytogenes in dairy products in switzerland and to determine the changes in predominant serotypes of the isolates, using databases on dairy-processing and environments from the swiss dairy research station during the years 1990-1999. overall, of 76,271 samples collected, 3722 (4.9%) were positive for the presence of l. monocytogenes. cheese-ripening facilities had the highest proportion of positive samples (7. ... | 2002 | 11821137 |
| dysregulation of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 are involved in the reduced host resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection in alymphoplastic aly mutant mice. | the aly is a unique spontaneous autosomal recessive mutation in mice that causes a systemic defect of lymph nodes and peyer's patches and disorganized splenic and thymic structures with immunodeficiency. our previous study demonstrated that resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production are attenuated in the mutant mice. in this study, we investigated the mechanism of decrease in antilisterial resistance and ifn-gamma production in aly mice. interleuki ... | 2002 | 11821232 |
| enhanced levels of cold shock proteins in listeria monocytogenes lo28 upon exposure to low temperature and high hydrostatic pressure. | listeria monocytogenes is a psychrotrophic food-borne pathogen that is problematic for the food industry because of its ubiquitous distribution in nature and its ability to grow at low temperatures and in the presence of high salt concentrations. here we demonstrate that the process of adaptation to low temperature after cold shock includes elevated levels of cold shock proteins (csps) and that the levels of csps are also elevated after treatment with high hydrostatic pressure (hhp). two-dimensi ... | 2002 | 11823178 |
| expression of acta, ami, inlb, and listeriolysin o in listeria monocytogenes of human and food origin. | expression of proteins involved in the adhesion of listeria monocytogenes to mammalian cells or in the intracellular life cycle of this bacterium, including listeriolysin o (llo), acta, ami, and inlb, was used to compare two populations of l. monocytogenes strains. one of the populations comprised 300 clinical strains, and the other comprised 150 food strains. all strains expressed llo, inlb, and acta. no polymorphism was observed for llo and inlb. ami was detected in 283 of 300 human strains an ... | 2002 | 11823199 |
| listeria monocytogenes lo28: surface physicochemical properties and ability to form biofilms at different temperatures and growth phases. | the surface physicochemical properties of listeria monocytogenes lo28 under different conditions (temperature and growth phase) were determined by use of microelectrophoresis and microbial adhesion to solvents. the effect of these parameters on adhesion and biofilm formation by l. monocytogenes lo28 on hydrophilic (stainless steel) and hydrophobic (polytetrafluoroethylene [ptfe]) surfaces was assessed. the bacterial cells were always negatively charged and possessed hydrophilic surface propertie ... | 2002 | 11823213 |
| frequency of bacteriocin resistance development and associated fitness costs in listeria monocytogenes. | bacteriocin-producing starter cultures have been suggested as natural food preservatives; however, development of resistance in the target organism is a major concern. we investigated the development of resistance in listeria monocytogenes to the two major bacteriocins pediocin pa-1 and nisin a, with a focus on the variations between strains and the influence of environmental conditions. while considerable strain-specific variations in the frequency of resistance development and associated fitne ... | 2002 | 11823216 |
| characterization of glycine betaine porter i from listeria monocytogenes and its roles in salt and chill tolerance. | listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that can grow at low temperatures and elevated osmolarity. the organism survives these stresses by the intracellular accumulation of osmolytes: low-molecular-weight organic compounds which exert a counterbalancing force. the primary osmolyte in l. monocytogenes is glycine betaine, which is accumulated from the environment via two transport systems: glycine betaine porter i, an na(+)-glycine betaine symporter; and glycine betaine porter ii, an atp- ... | 2002 | 11823223 |
| efficient in vivo presentation of listeria monocytogenes- derived cd4 and cd8 t cell epitopes in the absence of ifn-gamma. | ifn-gamma is an essential component of the early listeria monocytogenes-specific immune response, and is also an important regulator of ag processing and presentation. ag presentation is required for the induction and also the effector function of antimicrobial t cells. to evaluate the effect of ifn-gamma on bacterial ag presentation in vivo, macrophages and dendritic cells were separated from l. monocytogenes-infected tissues and analyzed with peptide-specific cd4 and cd8 t cell lines in a sens ... | 2002 | 11823519 |
| cell-mediated immunity induced by recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin strains against an intracellular bacterial pathogen: importance of antigen secretion or membrane-targeted antigen display as lipoprotein for vaccine efficacy. | live recombinant vaccines expressing defined pathogen-derived ags represent powerful candidates for future vaccination strategies. in this study, we report on the differential induction of protective cell-mediated immunity elicited by different recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) strains displaying p60 ag of listeria monocytogenes in secreted, cytosolic, or membrane-attached form for t cell recognition. anti-listerial protection evoked by the membrane-linked p60 lipopro ... | 2002 | 11823521 |
| specific identification of listeria welshimeri and listeria monocytogenes by pcr assays targeting a gene encoding a fibronectin-binding protein. | we have cloned and sequenced a listeria welshimeri dna fragment homologous to the previously described fibronectin-binding protein-encoding gene (fbp) of listeria monocytogenes (p. gilot, y. jossin, and j. content, j. med. microbiol., 49:887-896, 2000). this l. welshimeri dna fragment expresses a 24.8-kda protein that binds to human fibronectin. based on the fbp sequences, we developed novel pcr assays for the identification of l. welshimeri and l. monocytogenes. | 2002 | 11826001 |
| act operon control of developmental gene expression in myxococcus xanthus. | cell-bound c-signal guides the building of a fruiting body and triggers the differentiation of myxospores. earlier work has shown that transcription of the csga gene, which encodes the c-signal, is directed by four genes of the act operon. to see how expression of the genes encoding components of the aggregation and sporulation processes depends on c-signaling, mutants with loss-of-function mutations in each of the act genes were investigated. these mutations were found to have no effect on gene ... | 2002 | 11807078 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, and listeria monocytogenes on apples, oranges, and tomatoes by lactic acid with hydrogen peroxide. | the objective of this study was to develop a practical and effective method for inactivating or substantially reducing escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, and listeria monocytogenes on apples, oranges, and tomatoes. apples, oranges, and tomatoes were spot-inoculated with five-strain mixtures of e. coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, and l. monocytogenes near the stem end and were submerged in sterile deionized water containing 1.5% lactic acid plus 1.5% hydrogen peroxide for 15 m ... | 2002 | 11808779 |
| incidence and polymerase chain reaction assay of listeria monocytogenes from raw milk in gyeongnam province of korea. | a total of 50 raw milk samples from gyeongnam province of korea were examined for the incidence of listeria monocytogenes between july 1998 and august 1998. l. monocytogenes isolated by biochemical test was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with two sets of primers designed from the invasion-associated protein (iap) gene. after standard pcr with external primers, the amplified dna was confirmed by a second round of pcr with internal primers (nested pcr). both the external and internal ... | 2002 | 11808781 |
| inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by sodium diacetate and sodium lactate on wieners and cooked bratwurst. | the inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by sodium lactate and sodium diacetate was evaluated for wieners containing pork, turkey, and beef and for cooked bratwurst containing beef and pork. both products were supplied by commercial manufacturers. treated products were surface-inoculated with 10(5) cfu of l. monocytogenes per package and vacuum-packed in gas-impermeable pouches. wieners were stored for 60 days at 4.5 degrees c, and bratwurst were stored for 84 days at 3 and 7degrees c. a surface ... | 2002 | 11808782 |
| osmotic dehydration of apple slices with cacl2 and sucrose limits decay caused by penicillium expansum, colletotrichum acutatum, and botrytis cinerea and does not promote listeria monocytogenes or total aerobic population growth. | the interaction of penicillium expansum link, colletotrichum acutatum, and botrytis cinerea pers.:fr. with listeria monocytogenes on osmotically dehydrated apple slices was evaluated. in mineral analyses of the slices, the calcium content of the peel and flesh tissues increased by 4- and 11-fold, respectively, when processed in 2% cacl2. these slices also exhibited less decay by p. expansum, c. acutatum, and b. cinerea. inoculation of slices with p. expansum resulted in a decrease in the ph of t ... | 2002 | 11808790 |
| growth of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt104, and listeria monocytogenes in dark cutting beef at 10 or 22 degrees c. | an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the dark, firm, and dry (dfd) condition of beef on growth of the foodborne pathogens escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt104, and listeria monocytogenes scott a in ground beef. longissimus muscles from a dfd carcass (ph = 6.45) and normal carcass (n; ph = 5.64) were ground and samples obtained (100 and 0% dfd, respectively). equal amounts of the 0 and 100% dfd ground samples were mixed to obtain 50% dfd samples. inoculated 0, ... | 2002 | 11808795 |
| recombinant lema without adjuvant induces extensive expansion of h2-m3-restricted cd8 effectors, which can suppress primary listeriosis in mice. | mice infected with listeria monocytogenes (lm) produce large numbers of h2-m3-restricted cd8 t cells directed against the formylated peptides, f-migwii and f-mivil. to examine responsiveness to these epitopes in the absence of infection, we inoculated mice with recombinant lema (r-lema) containing f-migwii or r-vema (a variant of r-lema containing f-mivil in place of f-migwii) without adjuvant. to monitor responses, we measured peptide-specific cytoplasmic ifn-gamma production ex vivo by freshly ... | 2002 | 11809741 |
| complementary adhesion molecules promote neutrophil-kupffer cell interaction and the elimination of bacteria taken up by the liver. | most bacteria that enter the bloodstream are taken up by the liver. previously, we reported that such organisms are initially bound extracellularly and subsequently killed by immigrating neutrophils, not kupffer cells as widely presumed in the literature. rather, the principal functions of kupffer cells demonstrated herein are to clear bacteria from the peripheral blood and to promote accumulation of bactericidal neutrophils at the principal site of microbial deposition in the liver, i.e., the k ... | 2002 | 11751975 |
| safety and immunogenicity in neonatal mice of a hyperattenuated listeria vaccine directed against human immunodeficiency virus. | cd8(+) t cells are a major component of the adaptive response of a host to infections by viruses and other intracellular pathogenic agents. however, because of the intrinsic immaturity of the immune system of neonatal animals, neonates are highly sensitive to a variety of pathogens and may be unable to respond in a protective manner. here we explore whether a hyperattenuated strain of listeria monocytogenes that can be used as a live vaccine vector in adults is safe and able to induce an effecti ... | 2002 | 11752181 |
| hpt, a bacterial homolog of the microsomal glucose- 6-phosphate translocase, mediates rapid intracellular proliferation in listeria. | efficient replication in vivo is essential for a microparasite to colonize its host and the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which microbial pathogens grow within host tissues can lead to the discovery of novel therapies to treat infection. here we present evidence that the foodborne bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular parasite, exploits hexose phosphates (hp) from the host cell as a source of carbon and energy to fuel fast intracellular growth. hp ... | 2002 | 11756655 |
| cd8(+)-t-cell response to secreted and nonsecreted antigens delivered by recombinant listeria monocytogenes during secondary infection. | understanding how existing antivector immunity impacts live vaccine delivery systems is critical when the same vector system may be used to deliver different antigens. we addressed the impact of antivector immunity, elicited by immunization with attenuated acta-deficient listeria monocytogenes, on the cd8(+)-t-cell response to a well-characterized lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus epitope, np118-126, delivered by infection with recombinant l. monocytogenes. challenges of immune mice with acta-d ... | 2002 | 11748177 |
| stk receptor tyrosine kinase regulates susceptibility to infection with listeria monocytogenes. | we have previously identified the stk receptor tyrosine kinase as a key regulator of macrophage activation and cell-mediated immune responses. here we demonstrate that, although msp activation of stk inhibits no production by macrophages in response to heat-killed listeria monocytogenes, stk-deficient mice exhibit increased susceptibility to infection with listeria. | 2002 | 11748211 |
| ampicillin use in infant fever: a systematic review. | to estimate the prevalence of perinatal listeria monocytogenes and enterococcal infections in outpatient febrile infants and to evaluate the need to treat with ampicillin. | 2002 | 11772187 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected with novel dna probes differentiate among diverse lineages of serogroup 4 listeria monocytogenes and identify four distinct lineages in serotype 4b. | listeria monocytogenes of serotype 4b has been implicated in numerous outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis and in ca. 40% of sporadic cases. strains of this serotype appear to be relatively homogeneous genetically, and molecular markers specific for distinct serotype 4b lineages have not been frequently identified. here we show that dna fragments derived from the putative mannitol permease locus of listeria monocytogenes had an unexpectedly high potential to differentiate among different strains ... | 2002 | 11772609 |
| mycobacterium avium infection of macrophages results in progressive suppression of interleukin-12 production in vitro and in vivo. | interleukin-12 (il-12) has been shown to have an important role in the host defense against mycobacterium avium. we sought to determine if human monocyte-derived macrophages produce il-12 upon m. avium infection. although il-12 can be measured in supernatants of m. avium-infected macrophages at 24, 48, and 72 h following infection, intracellular staining showed that 24 to 48 h after infection, il-12 was synthesized chiefly by uninfected macrophages in the monolayer, suggesting that m. avium infe ... | 2002 | 11781383 |
| dynamin at actin tails. | dynamin, the product of the shibire gene of drosophila, is a gtpase critically required for endocytosis. some studies have suggested a functional link between dynamin and the actin cytoskeleton. this link is of special interest, because there is evidence implicating actin dynamics in endocytosis. here we show that endogenous dynamin 2, as well as green fluorescence protein fusion proteins of both dynamin 1 and 2, is present in actin comets generated by listeria or by type i pip kinase (pipk) ove ... | 2002 | 11782545 |
| meningitis in the neonate. | group b beta-hemolytic streptococci and escherichia coli strains account for approximately two thirds of all cases of neonatal meningitis, while bacteria that typically account for meningitis in older age groups (haemophilus influenzae type b, neisseria meningitidis, and streptococcus pneumoniae) are infrequent causes of meningitis in the neonatal population. as with other medical problems in neonates, signs and symptoms of bacterial infection of the central nervous system are generally few in n ... | 2002 | 11931731 |
| antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens. | emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance has become a serious problem worldwide. while much of the resistance observed in human medicine is attributed to inappropriate use in humans, there is increasing evidence that antimicrobial use in animals selects for resistant foodborne pathogens that may be transmitted to humans as food contaminants. | 2002 | 11932191 |
| application of recurrent neural network to predict bacterial growth in dynamic conditions. | a combination of a factorial design and two central composite designs was used to assess quantitatively the effects of acid ph (5.6-7.0) or alkaline ph (7.0-9.5) and nacl (0-8%) variations on the growth of listeria monocytogenes in a meat broth, at 20 degrees c and lower temperature 10 degrees c. two principal phenomena were observed when bacteria were submitted to abrupt change of ph and a(w) during growth, whatever the growth temperature: (i) large environmental variations induced a lag phase ... | 2002 | 11934019 |
| some examples of, and some problems with, the use of nonlinear logistic regression in predictive food microbiology. | a new technique, nonlinear logistic regression, is described for modelling binomially distributed data, i.e., presence/absence data where growth is either observed or not observed, for applications in predictive food microbiology. some examples of the successful use of this technique are presented, where the controlling factors are temperature, water activity, ph and the concentration of lactic acid, a weakly dissociating organic acid. generally speaking, good-fitting models were obtained, as ev ... | 2002 | 11934020 |
| proposal of a novel parameter to describe the influence of ph on the lag phase of listeria monocytogenes. | predictive models for lag phase duration (lambda) have been less reliable than specific growth rate (mu) models due, in part, to the influence of the pre-growth environment on lambda. a discrete modelling approach was taken to more completely define the response of individual cells to new environments. time to detection (td) data was obtained from serial twofold dilutions of listeria monocytogenes growing in a bioscreen at 30 degrees c. comparison of the inoculum densities required to achieve ma ... | 2002 | 11934021 |
| growth ph does not affect the initial physiological state parameter (po) of listeria monocytogenes. | it has proven difficult to develop adequate mathematical models for the lag phase (lambda) which characterizes the adaptation period prior to the initiation of exponential growth by microorganisms. this is due, in part, to our incomplete understanding of the nature of the initial physiological state of cells (defined as h0 or p0 depending on the model), and changes taking place during adaptation. the objectives of the present study were to characterize p0 using data from growth of listeria monoc ... | 2002 | 11934022 |
| utilizing luminometry for monitoring growth of listeria monocytogenes in its liquid or gelified monocultures and cocultures with "acid-only" lactococcus lactis. | the light output of a bioluminescent recombinant strain of listeria monocytogenes increased parallel with its viable cell counts during the exponential phase of the growth both in aerobic monocultures and mixed cultures, but dropped significantly at the commencement of the stationary phase. suppression of l. monocytogenes by a nisin-less strain of lactococcus lactis occurred only as an early induction of the stationary state of the target organism. in low-salt cocultures, an inverse linear corre ... | 2002 | 11934024 |
| combining fuzzy querying of imprecise data and predictive microbiology using category-based reasoning for prediction of the possible microbial spoilage in foods: application to listeria monocytogenes. | various predictive models of microbial behavior have been created and extensive data collection has been done by numerous private or public laboratories. however, significant differences between predicted and observed values in foods have been observed and need to be stressed, understood and explained as much as possible. in this paper, we present a software tool (currently at the level of a prototype) able: (i) to store in a database all relevant information expressed on one hand as qualitative ... | 2002 | 11934025 |
| modelling the growth kinetics of listeria as a function of temperature, ph and organic acid concentration. | the combined effects of temperature, ph and organic acids (lactic, acetic and propionic) on the growth kinetics of listeria innocua atcc 33090 were studied. first, a multiplicative model was built assuming independent effects of all environmental factors. thus, the model was expanded by the inclusion of a novel term describing the effects of interactions on the growth/no growth limits. the proposed approach allows an accurate description of the boundary between growth and no growth of listeria. | 2002 | 11934031 |
| modelling the competitive growth of listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua in enrichment broths. | the overgrowth of listeria innocua in enrichment broths designed for the isolation of listeria monocytogenes is believed to result from two factors: a selective growth advantage of l. innocua, and/or an inhibitory interspecies interaction. the generation times of 13 isolates of l. innocua and l. monocytogenes were determined in brain heart infusion (bhi) and a variety of enrichment media. no significant differences were found in growth characteristics between either species in the various media, ... | 2002 | 11934034 |
| modeling the lag phase of listeria monocytogenes. | an estimate of the lag phase duration is an important component for predicting the growth of a bacterium and for creating process models and risk assessments. most current research and data for predictive modeling programs initiated growth studies with cells grown to the stationary phase in a favorable ph, nutrient and temperature environment. in this work, listeria monocytogenes scott a cells were grown in brain heart infusion (bhi) broth at different temperatures from 4 to 37 degrees c to the ... | 2002 | 11934036 |
| predictive modelling for packaging design: equilibrium modified atmosphere packages of fresh-cut vegetables subjected to a simulated distribution chain. | the impact of temperature fluctuations in a simulated cold distribution chain, typical of commercial practice, was investigated on both the microbial and sensorial quality of equilibrium modified atmosphere (ema) packaged minimally processed vegetables. the internal o2 concentration of the designed packages could be predicted for the different steps of the simulated distribution chain by applying an integrated mathematical system. the internal atmosphere in the packages remained in its aerobic r ... | 2002 | 11934040 |
| pediocin pa-1, a wide-spectrum bacteriocin from lactic acid bacteria. | pediocin pa-1 is a broad-spectrum lactic acid bacteria bacteriocin that shows a particularly strong activity against listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen of special concern among the food industries. this antimicrobial peptide is the most extensively studied class ila (or pediocin family) bacteriocin, and it has been sufficiently well characterized to be used as a food biopreservative. this review focuses on the progress that have been made in the elucidation of its structure, mode of ac ... | 2002 | 11934133 |
| foodborne infectious risks: do we need a wide system of data collection and survey? the lessons learned from the study of infectious intestinal disease in england. | in 2000, the united kingdom government's food standards agency published "a report of the study of infectious intestinal disease in england". this report was the result of over a decade's endeavour and cost well in excess of 2 million pound sterling (approximately 3.3 million euros). the study originated in 1989. in response to national epidemics of foodborne infection with salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 and listeria monocytogenes, the government set up the committee on the microbiological ... | 2002 | 11938120 |
| cerebellar abscess due to listeria monocytogenes. | brain abscess due to listeria monocytogenes mainly involves the cerebral hemispheres. cerebellar abscess is an infrequent event, which could lead to rapid neurological deterioration if unrecognized. we present a case of multiple brain stem and cerebellar abscesses in a previously healthy individual exposed to unpasteurized milk. this is the 2nd case of cerebellar abscess due to listeria monocytogenes reported in the english literature. the diagnosis of listeria monocytogenes was made in the surg ... | 2002 | 11938402 |
| salt stress proteins induced in listeria monocytogenes. | the ability of listeria monocytogenes to tolerate salt stress is of particular importance, as this pathogen is often exposed to such environments during both food processing and food preservation. in order to understand the survival mechanisms of l. monocytogenes, an initial approach using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed to analyze the pattern of protein synthesis in response to salt stress. of 400 to 500 visible proteins, the synthesis of 40 proteins (p < 0.05) ... | 2002 | 11916660 |
| cloning of rel from listeria monocytogenes as an osmotolerance involvement gene. | transposon insertional mutants of listeria monocytogenes were constructed to identify genes involved in osmotolerance, and one mutant that showed reduced growth under high osmotic pressure was obtained. the cloned gene from the transposon insertion site of the mutant, named rel, was 2,214 bp in length and had very high homology to rela of bacillus subtilis, which encodes guanosine tetraphosphate (ppgpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppgpp) [collectively designated (p)ppgpp] synthetase during st ... | 2002 | 11916666 |
| identification of listeria monocytogenes genes expressed in response to growth at low temperature. | listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterial pathogen that is able to grow at refrigeration temperatures. to investigate microbial gene expression associated with cold acclimation, we used a differential cdna cloning procedure known as selective capture of transcribed sequences (scots) to identify bacterial rnas that were expressed at elevated levels in bacteria grown at 10 degrees c compared to those grown at 37 degrees c. a total of 24 different cdna clones corresponding to open reading fr ... | 2002 | 11916687 |
| responses of listeria monocytogenes to acid stress and glucose availability revealed by a novel combination of fluorescence microscopy and microelectrode ion-selective techniques. | fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy and microelectrode ion flux estimation techniques were combined to study mechanisms of ph homeostasis in listeria monocytogenes subjected to acid stress at different levels of glucose availability. this novel combination provided a unique opportunity to measure changes in h(+) at either side of the bacterial membrane in real time and therefore to evaluate the rate of h(+) flux across the bacterial plasma membrane and its contribution to bacterial ph homeosta ... | 2002 | 11916698 |
| mechanism of murine vgamma1+ gamma delta t cell-mediated innate immune response against listeria monocytogenes infection. | murine gamma delta t cells participate in innate immune response against infection of the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. in the present report, we analyzed the mechanism of the gamma delta t cell-mediated response against l. monocytogenes infection. gamma delta t cell-enriched spleen cells of l. monocytogenes-infected mice produced ifn-gamma in vitro in response to l. monocytogenes-infected spleen cells. the ifn-gamma production was abrogated by depletion of vgamma1+ gamma delta ... | 2002 | 11920558 |
| listeria monocytogenes infection in israel and review of cases worldwide. | listeria monocytogenes, an uncommon foodborne pathogen, is increasingly recognized as a cause of life-threatening disease. a marked increase in reported cases of listeriosis during 1998 motivated a retrospective nationwide survey of the infection in israel. from 1995 to 1999, 161 cases were identified; 70 (43%) were perinatal infections, with a fetal mortality rate of 45%. most (74%) of the 91 nonperinatal infections involved immunocompromised patients with malignancies, chronic liver disease, c ... | 2002 | 11927029 |
| antimicrobial activity of individual and mixed fractions of dill, cilantro, coriander and eucalyptus essential oils. | essential oils from dill (anethum graveolens l.), coriander (seeds of coriandrum sativum l.), cilantro (leaves of immature c. sativum l.) and eucalyptus (eucalyptus dives) were separated into heterogeneous mixtures of components by fractional distillation and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. minimum inhibitory concentrations against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and saccharomyces cerevisiae were determined for the crude oils and their fractions. essential o ... | 2002 | 11929164 |
| antibacterial activity of chitosans and chitosan oligomers with different molecular weights. | antibacterial activities of six chitosans and six chitosan oligomers with different molecular weights (mws) were examined against four gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, salmonella typhimurium, and vibrio parahaemolyticus) and seven gram-positive bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, bacillus megaterium, b. cereus, staphylococcus aureus, lactobacillus plantarum, l. brevis, and l. bulgaricus). chitosans showed higher antibacterial activities than chitosan oligomers and markedly ... | 2002 | 11929171 |
| inla- but not inlb-mediated internalization of listeria monocytogenes by non-phagocytic mammalian cells needs the support of other internalins. | to determine the contribution of the previously identified internalins, inla, inlb, inlc, inle, inlg, and inlh, to internalization of listeria monocytogenes by non-professional phagocytic mammalian cells, we constructed mutants with various combinations of deletions in the respective inl genes. internalization of these mutants into the epithelial-like caco-2 and the microvascular endothelial hbmec cell lines were studied. deletion of the inlghe gene cluster, or of the single genes, led to a two ... | 2002 | 11929515 |
| inactivation of the srta gene in listeria monocytogenes inhibits anchoring of surface proteins and affects virulence. | during infection of their hosts, gram-positive bacteria express surface proteins that serve multiple biological functions. surface proteins harbouring a c-terminal sorting signal with an lpxtg motif are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan by a transamidase named sortase. two genes encoding putative sortases, termed srta and srtb, were identified in the genome of the intracellular pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes. inactivation of srta abolishes anchoring of the invasion pr ... | 2002 | 11929538 |
| growth, morphology and surface properties of listeria monocytogenes scott a and lo28 under saline and acid environments. | the effect of salt and acid on the growth and surface properties of two strains of listeria monocytogenes was investigated. | 2002 | 11872133 |
| impaired bactericidal activity and host resistance to listeria monocytogenes and borrelia burgdorferi in rats administered an acute oral regimen of ethanol. | a rat model was used to examine how ethanol ingestion may interfere with antimicrobial immunity both in vitro and in vivo. nonimmune long-evans rats were given a short-course treatment orally with excessive amounts of ethanol. their spleens were removed at the time of sacrifice, and separate spleen cell suspensions were prepared and tested in vitro for their ability to kill two bacterial pathogens, listeria monocytogenes and borrelia burgdorferi. after the bacteria were mixed separately with var ... | 2002 | 11874864 |
| relevance of dietary lipids as modulators of immune functions in cells infected with listeria monocytogenes. | nutritional status may have significant importance for the immune system, and particularly, unsaturated fatty acids may serve as modulators of immune functions. clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that fatty acids are involved in the reduction of the inflammatory processes that occur in diseases characterized by an overactivation of the immune system. at the same time, an increase in susceptibility to infection has also been reported. the importance of immune system modulation ... | 2002 | 11874877 |
| sodium bicarbonate enhances the severity of infection in neutropenic mice orally inoculated with listeria monocytogenes egd. | epidemiological studies have suggested an association between antacid therapy and development of listeriosis in humans. in this study we used a neutropenic mouse model to demonstrate that oral administration of sodium bicarbonate shortly before intragastric (i.g.) inoculation with listeria monocytogenes egd (serotype 1/2a) significantly increased the severity of the resulting systemic infection. an explanation for this observation is provided by evidence that l. monocytogenes egd is rapidly inac ... | 2002 | 11874896 |
| the origins of stillbirth: infectious diseases. | this article reviews the literature on infectious diseases as a cause of stillbirth. identifying a specific infection as a cause of stillbirth is limited by many obstacles. nevertheless, "good faith" efforts estimate that approximately 9% to 15% of stillbirths are caused by infections. infection may be especially important as a cause of stillbirth occurring early in pregnancy. recognized causes include syphilis, toxoplasmosis, parvovirus b-19, chorioamnionitis, and listeria monocytogenes. other ... | 2002 | 11876570 |
| monoclonal antibodies specific for hippurate hydrolase of campylobacter jejuni. | eleven monoclonal antibodies raised against recombinant campylobacter jejuni hippurate hydrolase were tested for binding to lysates from 19 c. jejuni strains, 12 other campylobacter strains, and 21 non-campylobacter strains. several monoclonal antibodies bound to c. jejuni but not to other campylobacter species and may be useful in a species-specific immunoassay. | 2002 | 11880445 |
| dietary oligofructose and inulin protect mice from enteric and systemic pathogens and tumor inducers. | prebiotics induce changes in the population and metabolic characteristics of the gastrointestinal bacteria, modulate enteric and systemic immune functions, and provide laboratory rodents with resistance to carcinogens that promote colorectal cancer. there is less known about protection from other challenges. therefore, mice of the b6c3f1 strain were fed for 6 wk a control diet with 100 g/kg cellulose or one of two experimental diets with the cellulose replaced entirely by the nondigestible oligo ... | 2002 | 11880573 |
| t memory cells: quality not quantity. | immunological memory to pathogens is associated with clonal expansion and heightened responsiveness of antigen-specific t cells. recent work emphasizes that, for efficient protective immunity, qualitative changes in t memory cells are vitally important. | 2002 | 11882307 |
| combined antimicrobial effect of nisin and a listeriophage against listeria monocytogenes in broth but not in buffer or on raw beef. | the effect of nisin and listeriophage lh7, alone and in combination, on the growth and survival of two strains of listeria monocytogenes in broth and two model food systems, with appropriate controls, was determined. growth curves for both bacterial strains in tryptic soy broth incubated at 7 or 30 degrees c, and with the addition of nisin and/or listeriophage at lag, mid-exponential or early stationary phase, were obtained by measuring absorbance at 550 nm. numbers of mixed populations of both ... | 2002 | 11883676 |
| evaluation of antilisterial action of cilantro oil on vacuum packed ham. | cilantro oil is an essential oil preparation extracted from the plant coriandrum sativium. a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of cilantro oil to control the growth of listeria monocytogenes on vacuum-packed ham. the in vitro minimal inhibitory concentration for five strains of l. monocytogenes was found to vary from 0.074% to 0.018% depending on strain. cilantro oil treatments were then tested on ham disks inoculated with a cocktail of the five l. monocytogenes strain ... | 2002 | 11883677 |
| antagonistic activity of lactobacillus casei strain shirota against gastrointestinal listeria monocytogenes infection in rats. | in the present study, the effect of ingested viable lactobacillus casei shirota strain yit9029 on oral infection with the enteric pathogen listeria monocytogenes in wistar rats was investigated. rats were orally infected with 10(9) viable l. monocytogenes. starting 3 days before the infection, rats received a daily dosage of 10(9) viable l. casei. it was shown that supplementation of l. casei significantly reduced the numbers of l. monocytogenes in stomach, caecum, faeces, spleen and liver, 2 da ... | 2002 | 11885574 |
| bacteriological characteristics of dressed young pigeon (squabs) columba livia domesticus. | a total of 50 frozen squabs carcasses were collected from different retail markets in cairo and giza governorates. the collected samples were examined bacteriologically. the aerobic plate count, the enterobacteriaceae and the staphylococcus count were 6.6 x 10(5), 6.3 x 10(2) and 1.4 x 10(3) cfu./gram, respectively. the results revealed no positive samples for salmonella yersinia entercolitica, listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter jejuni. staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 2% of samples ... | 2002 | 11890056 |
| molecular and cellular basis of the infection by listeria monocytogenes: an overview. | this review rather than covering the whole field, intends to highlight the particularly interesting properties of some proteins involved in the infection by listeria monocytogenes and the general interest in some of the approaches used to analyze the molecular and cellular basis of the infection. after an introduction to the bacterium and to the disease, a description of the infection at the cellular level will be given. the specific features of the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin o, as a prote ... | 2002 | 11890537 |
| delivery of protein antigens and dna by attenuated intracellular bacteria. | on the basis of attenuated intracellular bacteria, we have developed two delivery systems for either heterologous proteins or dna vaccine vectors. the first system utilizes attenuated strains of gram-negative bacteria which are engineered to secrete heterologous antigens via the alpha-hemolysin secretion system (type i) of escherichia coli. the second system is based on attenuated suicide strains of listeria monocytogenes, which are used for the direct delivery of eukaryotic antigen expression v ... | 2002 | 11890559 |
| involvement of receptor-interacting protein 2 in innate and adaptive immune responses. | host defences to microorganisms rely on a coordinated interplay between the innate and adaptive responses of immunity. infection with intracellular bacteria triggers an immediate innate response requiring macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells, whereas subsequent activation of an adaptive response through development of t-helper subtype 1 cells (th1) proceeds during persistent infection. to understand the physiological role of receptor-interacting protein 2 (rip2), also known as rick ... | 2002 | 11894097 |
| rick/rip2/cardiak mediates signalling for receptors of the innate and adaptive immune systems. | the immune system consists of two evolutionarily different but closely related responses, innate immunity and adaptive immunity. each of these responses has characteristic receptors-toll-like receptors (tlrs) for innate immunity and antigen-specific receptors for adaptive immunity. here we show that the caspase recruitment domain (card)-containing serine/threonine kinase rip2 (also known as rick, cardiak, cck and ripk2) transduces signals from receptors of both immune responses. rip2 was recruit ... | 2002 | 11894098 |
| a listeriosis patient infected with two different listeria monocytogenes strains. | normally, only one isolate of listeria monocytogenes from a case of listeriosis is subjected to characterization. here we show that two isolates from different sites of the body were not the same strain. such a phenomenon may not have any clinical relevance, although it may confuse the epidemiologist trying to match infection source with infection target. | 2002 | 11895084 |