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herpes simplex virus downregulation of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor enhances human papillomavirus type 16 infection.herpes simplex virus (hsv) was originally implicated in the aetiology of cervical cancer, and although high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) is now the accepted causative agent, the epidemiological link between hsv and hpv-associated cancers persists. the annexin a2 heterotetramer (a2t) has been shown to mediate infectious hpv type 16 (hpv16) uptake by human keratinocytes, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (slpi), an endogenous a2t ligand, inhibits hpv16 uptake and infection. interesting ...201626555393
herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis as a cause of ischemic stroke: case report and systematic review of the literature.our objective is to describe a patient who developed an ischemic stroke as a complication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) encephalitis and to review the literature.201626542825
predictors of outcome in hsv encephalitis.this study aims to explore the clinical features, radiological findings, management and the factors influencing prognosis in pcr-confirmed herpes simplex virus encephalitis (hse). this is a retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with hse at mayo clinic, rochester, mn, between january 1995 and december 2013. only hse cases confirmed by pcr were included. univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with good (modified rankin scale of 0-2) or poor ou ...201626568560
evaluation of an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay in typing detection of igg antibodies against herpes simplex virus.herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) are common infectious agents worldwide and the primary infection of hsv remains a major problem in the pregnant women in china nowadays. at present, typing detection of hsv is mainly based on elisa in china.201626666528
herpes simplex virus seroprevalence and seroconversion among active duty us air force members with hiv infection.herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection is associated with an increased risk of both hiv transmission and acquisition. we evaluated longitudinal hsv serology and sexually transmitted infections (stis) among active duty us air force (usaf) members with hiv infection.201626615389
diversity and combinations of infectious agents in 38 adults with an infection-triggered reactive haemophagocytic syndrome: a multicenter study.reactive haemophagocytic syndrome (hs) is a rare condition that occurs in patients with infections, haematological malignancies or autoimmune diseases. although various microorganisms are thought to trigger hs, most of the literature data on this topic have been gathered in single-centre case series. here, we sought to characterize infectious triggers in a large, multicentre cohort of patients with hs. patients were included in the present study if hs was solely due to one or more infections. de ...201626686809
school-based sexual health education interventions to prevent sti/hiv in sub-saharan africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.school-based sexual health education has the potential to provide an inclusive and comprehensive approach to promoting sexual health among young people. we reviewed evaluations of school-based sexual health education interventions in sub-saharan africa to assess effectiveness in reducing sexually transmitted infections and promoting condom use.201627724886
food insecurity is associated with hiv, sexually transmitted infections and drug use among men in the united states.to examine the population-level association between food insecurity, hiv risk factors, and hiv serostatus among men, the group representing the majority of hiv diagnoses in the united states.201626990632
an empiric hiv risk scoring tool to predict hiv-1 acquisition in african women.to develop and validate an hiv risk assessment tool to predict hiv acquisition among african women.201626918545
the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis infection in women attending nine sexually transmitted diseases clinics in the usa.trichomoniasis (tv) is associated with an increased risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and hiv. the purpose of this study is to evaluate factors associated with incidence tv among female std clinic attendees in the usa.201626071390
effects of a traditional chinese medicine, longdanxiegan formula granule, on toll-like receptor pathway in female guinea pigs with recurrent genital herpes.the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of longdanxiegan formula granule (ldxgfg), a chinese traditional medicine on toll-like receptor (tlr) pathway in recurrent genital herpes.201627125405
herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis and methotrexate medication: a fortuitous or causative association in a patient with spondyloarthritis?it is unclear whether immunosuppression is a risk factor for herpes encephalitis. herein, we describe a rare case of herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis in a patient treated with low-dose methotrexate for hla-b27-associated spondyloarthritis. the patient was successfully treated with acyclovir but presented sequelae of encephalitis. here we discuss the possible role of low-dose methotrexate therapy as a risk factor of neurological herpes reactivation and severe disease. the host-related and ...201627879484
fulminant hepatic failure in a patient with crohn's disease on infliximab possibly related to reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 infection.hsv hepatitis is a rare but often fatal cause of liver failure which tends to affect immunocompromised individuals. early treatment with acyclovir has been shown to reduce mortality in hsv hepatitis making recognition of the condition critically important. here, we present a case of hsv hepatitis in a young woman with crohn's disease on prednisone, azathioprine, and infliximab. we discuss the clinical presentation of hsv hepatitis as well as the possible causes of hepatitis in a patient on these ...201627818806
mathematical modeling of herpes simplex virus-2 suppression with pritelivir predicts trial outcomes.pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models estimate the potency of antiviral agents but do not capture viral and immunologic factors that drive the natural dynamics of infection. we designed a mathematical model that synthesizes pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and viral pathogenesis concepts to simulate the activity of pritelivir, a dna helicase-primase inhibitor that targets herpes simplex virus. our simulations recapitulate detailed viral kinetic shedding features in five dosage arms of a ...201626843190
fulminant hepatic and multiple organ failure following acute viral tonsillitis: a case report.pyogenic tonsillitis may often be observed in the general western population. in severe cases, it may require antibiotic treatment or even hospitalization and often a prompt clinical response will be noted. here we present an unusual case of progressive multiple organ failure including fulminant liver failure following acute tonsillitis initially mistaken for "classic" pyogenic (that is bacterial) tonsillitis.201626785992
prevalence and risk factors of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis and other sexually transmissible infections among women attending antenatal clinics in three provinces in papua new guinea: a cross-sectional survey.background papua new guinea (png) is estimated to have among the highest prevalences of hiv and sexually transmissible infections (stis) of any asia-pacific country, and one of the highest burdens of maternal syphilis globally. the prevalence of curable stis, such as chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv), among pregnant women in png is relatively unknown.201628636866
overexpression and purification of hsv-2 glycoprotein d in suspension cho cells with serum-free medium and immunogenicity analysis.glycoprotein d (gd2) is the most important candidate antigen for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) vaccine development. establishment of a stable eukaryotic cell line to overexpress gd2 and an efficient purification process to purify is essential for the development of subunit vaccine against hsv-2. the dna sequence of the extracellular epitope-rich fragment of gd2 was optimized, chemically synthesized, and cloned into plasmid pmd902. the recombinant plasmid pmd902-gd was stably transfected in ...201625906680
risk factors for incident hsv-2 infections among a prospective cohort of hiv-1-discordant couples in china.identification of risk factors is essential for developing herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) prevention interventions that could also reduce hiv-1 transmission, particularly among hiv-1-discordant couples.201626139205
multiple strokes associated with herpes simplex virus type-2 infection: case report.herpes simplex virus (hsv) type-2 is known to cause meningitis and usually runs a benign course. association of such infection with vasculitis of the central nervous system is not well known. presented here is a case initially diagnosed as aseptic meningitis that subsequently evolved as stroke and exhibited angiographic evidence of widespread vasculitis of the intracranial vessels in association with a positive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for hsv-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf).201626443565
acyclovir prophylaxis reduces the incidence of herpes zoster among hiv-infected individuals: results of a randomized clinical trial.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons have higher rates of herpes zoster than hiv-uninfected individuals. we assessed whether twice daily treatment with 400 mg of oral acyclovir reduces the incidence of herpes zoster in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among 3408 persons coinfected with hiv and herpes simplex virus type 2. during 5175 person-years of follow-up, 26 cases of herpes zoster occurred among those assigned acyclovir, compared with 69 cases among those ...201626142452
correlates to seroprevalent herpes simplex virus type 2 among rural appalachian drug users.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease and, along with substance abuse, an important hiv risk factor. therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine hsv-2 seroprevalence in a sample of drug users in rural appalachia. rural appalachian individuals age 18 or older reporting non-medical use of prescription opioids, heroin, crack/cocaine, or methamphetamine in the past 6 months (n = 499) were included. behavioral, demographic, and sexual network da ...201626288383
multipurpose prevention technologies for sexual and reproductive health: mapping global needs for introduction of new preventive products.worldwide, women face sexual and reproductive health (srh) risks including unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (stis) including hiv. multipurpose prevention technologies (mpts) combine protection against two or more srh risks into one product. male and female condoms are the only currently available mpt products, but several other forms of mpts are in development. we examined the global distribution of selected srh issues to determine where various risks have the greatest ge ...201626385588
painful and multiple anogenital lesions are common in men with treponema pallidum pcr-positive primary syphilis without herpes simplex virus coinfection: a cross-sectional clinic-based study.chancres, the hallmark of primary syphilis, are classically described as single, painless ulcers at the site of treponema pallidum inoculation. we aimed to determine the frequency of painful or multiple anogenital lesions of primary syphilis among men, whether there was concurrent herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection and whether hiv status altered clinical presentations.201626378262
coping strategies and behavioural changes following a genital herpes diagnosis among an urban sample of underserved midwestern women.this study focused on understanding the coping strategies and related behavioural changes of women who were recently diagnosed with herpes simplex virus type 2. in particular, we were interested in how coping strategies, condom use, and acyclovir uptake evolve over time. twenty-eight women screening positive for herpes simplex virus type 2 were recruited through a public health std clinic and the indianapolis community court. participants completed three semi-structured interviews with a woman r ...201625792549
herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) genital shedding in hsv-2-/hiv-1-co-infected women receiving effective combination antiretroviral therapy.the dynamics of genital shedding of hsv-2 dna was assessed in hiv-1-infected women taking combination antiretroviral therapy (cart). hiv-1 rna, hiv-1 dna and hsv dna loads were measured during 12-18 months using frozen plasma, pbmc and cervicovaginal lavage samples from 22 hiv-1-infected women, including 17 women naive for antiretroviral therapy initiating cart and 5 women with virological failure switching to a new regimen. nineteen (86%) women were hsv-2-seropositive. among hsv-2-/hiv-1-co-inf ...201625769886
vaginal douching and association with sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in a prefecture of yunnan province, china.summaryvaginal douching is a common practice and has been hypothesised to increase a woman's risk for human of contracting hiv and sexually transmitted infections (stis). our objective was to assess the prevalence of douching and its association with stis, genital symptoms and hiv/sti knowledge among female sex workers (fsws). we conducted a cross-sectional study of 837 fsws with interviews and laboratory tests for hiv/stis in a prefecture of yunnan province in southern china. vaginal douching w ...201626016725
herpes viral origin of the parsonage-turner syndrome: highlighting of serological immune anti-herpes deficiency cured by anti-herpes therapy.in 2012, a 50 year-old athletic male presented with weakness, pain and unilateral phrenic paralysis, followed by bilateral phrenic paralysis with deep dyspnea. in 2013, the parsonage-turner syndrome was diagnosed. when the patient was seen in september 2014 for the first time, he was facing phrenic neuromuscular failure, which led to the hypothesis of neurotropic herpes viruses. a control of the global serological anti-herpes immunity to analyze his antibody (ab) levels confirmed herpes immune g ...201726078744
a spotty liver of pregnancy.herpes simplex virus (hsv) hepatitis by definition constitutes disseminated herpes simplex infection; it is rare, with only approximately 130 cases reported in the literature. although hsv hepatitis typically occurs in immunocompromised hosts, pregnancy-especially the third trimester, has been identified as a risk factor for its development. this is likely because of the fact that humoral and cell-mediated immunity decrease throughout pregnancy and nadir in the third trimester with decreased t-c ...201726425623
prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 and risk factors associated with this infection in women in southern brazil.the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hvs-2) is the most prevalent infection worldwide. it is a cofactor in the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the persistence of human papillomavirus (hpv). this study evaluated the prevalence of hsv-2, using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and associated factors in patients treated at the federal university of rio grande (furg) and basic health units (bhu) in rio grande, brazil. the observed prevalence of hsv-2 was 15.6%. among the 302 wom ...201724037285
patterns of prevalent hpv and sti co-infections and associated factors among hiv-negative young western cape, south african women: the evri trial.to estimate the prevalence and describe the patterns of concurrent human papillomavirus (hpv) and stis and associated factors among hiv-negative young western cape, south african women participating in the efficacy of hpv vaccine to reduce hiv infection (evri) trial.201728490581
results of real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay in renal transplant recipients with sterile pyuria.urinary tract infections are a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization after renal transplantation. patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs suffer not only from common uropathogens but also from opportunistic infections caused by unusual uropathogens. sterile pyuria is associated with numerous infectious agents including viruses, fungi, and atypical or fastidious organisms. the objective of this study was to investigate the pathogens using real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction ...201728735999
distinct effects of the cervicovaginal microbiota and herpes simplex type 2 infection on female genital tract immunology.genital inflammation is a key determinant of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission, and may increase hiv-susceptible target cells and alter epithelial integrity. several genital conditions that increase hiv risk are more prevalent in african, caribbean, and other black (acb) women, including bacterial vaginosis and herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) infection. therefore, we assessed the impact of the genital microbiota on mucosal immunology in acb women and microbiome-hsv-2 interactio ...201728201724
human infectious diseases and risk of preeclampsia: an updated review of the literature.preeclampsia (pe) is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. in recent years, a growing body of literatures suggests that infections by bacteria, viruses, and parasites and their related inflammations play an important role in the pathogenesis of pe.201728577241
the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (green tea) in the treatment of alzheimer's disease: an overview of pre-clinical studies and translational perspectives in clinical practice.alzheimer's disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia characterized by cognitive and memory impairment. one of the mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of ad, is the oxidative stress being involved in ad's development and progression. in addition, several studies proved that chronic viral infections, mainly induced by human herpesvirus 1 (hhv-1), cytomegalovirus (cmv), human herpesvirus 2 (hhv-2), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) could be responsible for ad's ...201728642806
acute recurrent lymphocytic meningitis in an immunocompetent hiv-positive african woman: is it a mollaret's meningitis or not?we report a case of acute recurrent meningitis in an hiv-positive immunocompetent woman. in this case, a 34-year-old african woman with a known hiv infection presented with symptoms of acute meningitis. she was on combination antiretroviral therapy with abacavir, lamivudine, and nevirapine. her hiv rna level was <70 iu/ml, and cd4 counts were 640 cells/mm(3). this indicates that she was not immunocompromised. she was febrile on examination, with marked neck stiffness. her cerebrospinal fluid rev ...201728835824
herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 educational assessment of young adults in rural southwest virginia.herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) causes genital herpes, one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (stis) in the u.s. hsv-1, commonly associated with cold sores, is increasing as a cause of genital herpes. abstinence-only sexual health classes, commonly taught in virginia, generate young adults who are under-educated in sexual health, increasing sti risks. college students in southwest virginia were surveyed to assess comprehensiveness of high school health education regarding hsv-1 an ...201728654651
latent virus reactivation in astronauts on the international space station.reactivation of latent herpes viruses was measured in 23 astronauts (18 male and 5 female) before, during, and after long-duration (up to 180 days) spaceflight onboard the international space station . twenty age-matched and sex-matched healthy ground-based subjects were included as a control group. blood, urine, and saliva samples were collected before, during, and after spaceflight. saliva was analyzed for epstein-barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1. urine was a ...201728649633
[evaluation of viral etiology in central nervous system infections from a university hospital point of view in izmir based on seven years data].the serious diseases of the central nervous system (cns); encephalitis and meningitis, have high mortality and morbidity rate especially not diagnosed and treated in time. nucleic acid testing (nat) is the tool of choice for viral diagnosis in cns infections. in this study, viral etiological agents found in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples sent to our university hospital virology laboratory for laboratory diagnosis of cns infections were retrospectively evaluated and results were compared with ...201728566076
capacitive dna sensor for rapid and sensitive detection of whole genome human herpesvirus-1 dsdna in serum.this work presents a rapid, highly sensitive, low-cost, and specific capacitive dna sensor for detection of whole genome human herpesvirus-1 dna. this sensor is capable of direct dna detection with a response time of 30 s, and it can be used to test standard buffer or serum samples. the sensing approach for dna detection is based on alternating current (ac) electrokinetics. by applying an inhomogeneous ac electric field on sensor electrodes, positive dielectrophoresis is induced to accelerate dn ...201728328089
association between virus exposure and depression in us adults.mood disorders are common mental illnesses. among the factors associated with major depression are exposures to infectious diseases including hepatitis c, influenza, varicella-zoster, and herpes viruses. in this study, we sought to evaluate further associations between viral exposure and depression. from the us center for disease control's national health and nutrition examination survey, we obtained data about depression status, antidepressant use, exposure to hepatitis a, hepatitis b, herpes s ...201729287239
determining the igm and igg antibodies titer against hsv1, hsv2 and cmv in the serum of schizophrenia patients.schizophrenia is a destructive clinical syndrome with diverse mental pathologies. different mechanisms and factors have a role in this disease. a possible mechanism is that teratogenic viruses cause brain changes and results in the disease appearance. the schizophrenia patients were diagnosed by psychologists and with the consent of patients, five cc of venous blood was drawn. than serum samples were isolated and immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against herpes simplex ...201729036805
herpesviruses in etiopathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis: a meta-analysis based on case-control studies.previous studies have found that herpesviruses are associated with aggressive periodontitis (agp). however, these findings are controversial. this meta-analysis was aimed at clarifying the association between herpesviruses and agp.201729036216
molecular evolution of herpes simplex virus 2 complete genomes: comparison between primary and recurrent infections.herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 are large, double-stranded dna viruses that cause lifelong persistent infections characterized by periods of quiescence and recurrent disease. how hsv evolves within an infected individual experiencing multiple episodes of recurrent disease over time is not known. we determined the genome sequences of viruses isolated from two subjects in the herpevac trial for women who experienced primary hsv-2 genital disease and compared them with sequences of viruses ...201728931680
[investigation of bacterial and viral etiology in community acquired central nervous system infections with molecular methods].in this multicenter prospective cohort study, it was aimed to evaluate the bacterial and viral etiology in community-acquired central nervous system infections by standart bacteriological culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods. patients hospitalized with central nervous system infections between april 2012 and february 2014 were enrolled in the study. demographic and clinical information of the patients were collected prospectively. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples of the ...201728929964
association between infection burden and adult height.although highly heritable, adult height is also associated with numerous environmental factors, including exposure to infection. particularly in developing regions of the world, infection burden appears to slow growth during childhood. using a large database representative of the us population, we examined associations between adult height and leg length and an infection-burden index based on past exposure to toxocara species, toxoplasmosis gondii, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepa ...201728926748
[herpes simplex virus infection: an overview of the problem, pharmacologic therapy and dietary measures].treatment of infectious diseases remains one of the principal research target for many researchers and healthcare providers worldwide. herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) are common human pathogens with an estimated 60-95% of the adult population infected by at least one of them. the worldwide disease burden of hsv is substantial, and acyclovir and related nucleoside analogues (viral dna polymerase inhibitors) as therapies have led to significantly increased treatme ...201728914066
performance of commercial enzyme-linked immunoassays for diagnosis of herpes simplex virus-1 and herpes simplex virus-2 infection in a clinical setting.us food and drug administration-approved enzyme-linked immunoassays (eia) for determining type-specific herpes simplex virus (hsv) serostatus are widely used in clinical practice. we compared the performance of such assays with the university of washington western blot (uw wb) in patients who sought confirmation of their hsv serology result.201728876290
comparison of acyclovir and multistrain lactobacillus brevis in women with recurrent genital herpes infections: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study.we performed a randomized double-blind controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of multistrain probiotic and acyclovir in women patients with recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections. eighty-one patients enrolled in the study were being treated with multistrain lactobacillus brevis one vaginal capsule every 12 h and oral acyclovir 400 mg twice daily for 6 months. of 53 patients who completed both treatment courses, no important differences were identified betwe ...201728852985
a herpes simplex virus type 2 deleted for glycoprotein d enables dendritic cells to activate cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is highly prevalent in the human population producing significant morbidity, mainly because of the generation of genital ulcers and neonatal encephalitis. additionally, hsv-2 infection significantly increases the susceptibility of the host to acquire hiv and promotes the shedding of the latter in the coinfected. despite numerous efforts to create a vaccine against hsv-2, no licensed vaccines are currently available. a long-standing strategy, based on few viral ...201728848543
effect of hsv-2 infection on subsequent hiv acquisition: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.hiv and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections cause a substantial global disease burden and are epidemiologically correlated. two previous systematic reviews of the association between hsv-2 and hiv found evidence that hsv-2 infection increases the risk of hiv acquisition, but these reviews are now more than a decade old.201728843576
the us2 gene product of herpes simplex virus 2 modulates nf-κb activation by targeting tak1.hsv-2 is one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens worldwide and hsv-2 infection triggers cytokine and chemokine production. however, little is known about which hsv-2 genes engage in the regulation of nf-κb signaling and what mechanisms are involved. in a screen of the unique short (us) regions of hsv-2, we observed that hsv-2 us2 activates nf-κb signaling. we additionally indicated that deficiencies of us2 decrease hsv-2 wt mediated nf-κb activation and cytokine and chemokine produ ...201728827540
seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) among pregnant women who participated in a national hiv surveillance activity in haiti.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), one the most common causes of genital ulcers, appears to increase both the risk of hiv acquisition and hiv transmission. hsv-2/hiv co-infection among pregnant women may increase the risk of perinatal transmission of hiv. this study describes rates of hsv-2 among pregnant women in haiti and hsv-2 test performance in this population.201728821230
interaction between herpesvirus entry mediator and hsv-2 glycoproteins mediates hiv-1 entry of hsv-2-infected epithelial cells.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) increases human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) acquisition and transmission via unclear mechanisms. herpesvirus entry mediator (hvem), an hsv-2 entry receptor, is highly expressed on hiv-1 target cells (cd4+ t cells) and may be incorporated into hiv-1 virions, while hsv-2 glycoproteins can be present on the infected cell surface. since hvem-gd interaction together with gb/gh/gl is essential for hsv-2 entry, hvem-bearing hiv-1 (hiv-1/hvem) may enter hsv- ...201728809154
extracts of equisetum giganteum l and copaifera reticulate ducke show strong antiviral activity against the sexually transmitted pathogen herpes simplex virus type 2.equisetum giganteum l and copaifera reticulate ducke have been traditionally used by women of the tacana tribe in the bolivian amazonas for genital hygiene and for treatment of genital infection/inflammation.201728807852
multipurpose tenofovir disoproxil fumarate electrospun fibers for the prevention of hiv-1 and hsv-2 infections in vitro.sexually transmitted infections affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide. both human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1 and -2) and herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) remain incurable, urging the development of new prevention strategies. while current prophylactic technologies are dependent on strict user adherence to achieve efficacy, there is a dearth of delivery vehicles that provide discreet and convenient administration, combined with prolonged-delivery of active agents. to address these need ...201728797967
rubella, herpes simplex virus type 2 and preeclampsia.preeclampsia is a major health problem. although, the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is not fully understood, there are recent studies on association between infections and preeclampsia.201728747200
seminal vesicle fluid increases the efficacy of intravaginal hsv-2 vaccination.once considered merely as a vehicle for spermatozoa, it is now clear that seminal plasma (sp) induces a variety of biological actions on the female reproductive tissues able to modulate the immune response against paternal antigens. to our knowledge, the influence of sp on the immune response against sexually transmitted pathogens has not been yet evaluated. we here analyzed whether the seminal vesicle fluid (svf), which contributes almost 60% of the sp volume in mice, could modulate the immune ...201728745327
sting is an essential mediator of the ku70-mediated production of ifn-λ1 in response to exogenous dna.we previously identified ku70, a subunit of a dna repair protein complex, as a cytosolic dna sensor that induces the production of interferon-λ1 (ifn-λ1) by human primary cells and cell lines. ifn-λ1 is a type iii ifn and has similar antiviral activity to that of the type i ifns (ifn-α and ifn-β). we observed that human embryonic kidney (hek) 293t cells, which are deficient in the innate immune adaptor protein sting (stimulator of ifn genes), did not produce ifn-λ1 in response to dna unless they ...201728720717
modelling infectious diseases with relapse: a case study of hsv-2.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. although there is still no licensed vaccine for hsv-2, a theoretical investigation of the potential effects of a vaccine is considered important and has recently been conducted by several researchers. although compartmental mathematical models were considered for each special case in the previous studies, as yet there are few global stability results.201728716140
highly conserved intragenic hsv-2 sequences: results from next-generation sequencing of hsv-2 ul and us regions from genital swabs collected from 3 continents.understanding the variability in circulating herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) genomic sequences is critical to the development of hsv-2 vaccines.201728711653
validation of a membrane touch biosensor for the qualitative detection of igg class antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2.a novel type of biosensor was assessed for application to the qualitative determination of circulating antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). the device utilises a high activity hsv-2 type specific gg2 antigen for antibody capture and commercially available elisa reagents. the study compares the diagnostic performance of a prototype hsv-2 biochip to well-established in vitro tests routinely applied in clinical procedures. a panel of human serum samples (n = 60) previously characteris ...201728708188
nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) study for the detection and quantitation of cholesterol in hsv529 therapeutic vaccine candidate.this study describes the nmr-based method to determine the limit of quantitation (loq) and limit of detection (lod) of cholesterol, a process-related impurity in the replication-deficient herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 candidate vaccine hsv529. three signature peaks from the 1d (1)h nmr of a cholesterol reference spectrum were selected for the identification of cholesterol. the loq for a cholesterol working standard was found to be 1 μg/ml, and the lod was found to be 0.1 μg/ml. the identity ...201728694932
no role of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection on hiv progression in naïve hiv patientsherpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is a common infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients and may accelerate hiv progression by rising hiv viral load and decreasing cd4 count. however, the available data regarding the influence of hsv-2 seropositivity on hiv progression in hiv individuals are inconclusive. therefore, we aimed to determine hsv-2 seroprevalence in naïve hiv patients and normal controls and also investigate the relation of hiv viral load and cd4 count with hsv-2 sero ...201728688377
comparison of the antiviral potential among soluble forms of herpes simplex virus type-2 glycoprotein d receptors, herpes virus entry mediator a, nectin-1 and nectin-2, in transgenic mice.herpesvirus entry mediator a (hvem), nectin-1 and nectin-2 are cellular receptors of glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2). it has been shown that soluble forms of hsv gd receptors have the antiviral potential in cultured cells and transgenic mice. here, to compare antiviral potential of soluble forms of hvem, nectin-1 and nectin-2 against hsv-2 infections in vivo, transgenic mice expressing fusion proteins consisting of the entire ectodomain of hvem, nectin-1 or nectin-2 an ...201728671524
optimized dna vaccine enhanced by adjuvant il28b induces protective immune responses against herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice.antigen-specific immune responses determine the efficacy of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) vaccines. to optimize the immunogenicity of the antigen gd2, we developed the gd2δul25 dna vaccine encoding hsv-2 glycoprotein d and ul25 gene encoding viral capsid vertex proteins in this study. the gd2 and gd2δul25 dna vaccines were compared with formalin-inactivated hsv-2 (fi-hsv-2), and results showed a greater protective immune response induced by gd2δul25 than by gd2. therefore, gd2δul25 was cho ...201728650722
chronic herpetic retinitis: clinical features and long-term outcomes.chronic uveitis treated with immunosuppressive agents may have unfavorable outcomes due to delays in diagnosis. the aim of this study was to review initial data from clinical and ocular assessments and patient outcomes following specific treatments for atypical herpes virus ocular infections.201728628343
herpes simplex virus-2 transmission following solid organ transplantation: donor-derived infection and transplantation from prior organ recipients.owing to limited availability of donor organs, previous solid organ transplant (sot) recipients are increasingly considered as potential organ donors. we report donor-derived transmission of herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) to two clusters of sot recipients with transmission from the original donor and an hsv-2-infected recipient who subsequently became a donor.201728618165
analysis of cervical lesions for presence of hsv-2 and hpv-16 and hpv-18 in iranian patients by pcr.objective cervical cancer (cc) is one of the leading causes of deaths from cancer among women worldwide. viral infections is now one of the known risk factors for cc. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), human papilloma virus types 16 (hpv-16) and human papilloma virus types 18 (hpv-18) in iranian patients with cc using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). materials and methods this case-control study was conducted on a total of 45 patient ...201728609291
does maternal hsv-2 coinfection increase mother-to-child transmission of hiv? a systematic review.reducing hiv mother-to-child transmission (mtct) is critical to ending the hiv pandemic. reports suggest that herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2), a common coinfection in hiv-infected individuals, is associated with increased mtct, but results have been conflicting. we conducted a systematic review of observational studies to quantify the magnitude of this relationship (prospero no. crd42016043315).201728600331
prevalence, incidence and correlates of hsv-2 infection in an hiv incidence adolescent and adult cohort study in western kenya.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections are associated with increased risk of hiv transmission. we determined hsv-2 prevalence, incidence and associated risk factors, incidence among persons with indeterminate results, and prevalence of hsv-2/hiv co-infection among young adults (18-34 years) and adolescents (16-17 years) enrolled in an hiv incidence cohort study in western kenya.201728586396
herpes simplex virus type 2 myelitis: case report and review of the literature.non-traumatic myelopathies can result from a wide spectrum of conditions including inflammatory, ischemic, and metabolic disorders. here, we describe the case of a 60-year old immunocompetent woman who developed acute back pain followed by rapidly ascending flaccid tetraparesis, a c6 sensory level, and sphincter dysfunction within 8 h. acyclovir and steroids were started on day 2 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid. magnetic r ...201728539913
erratum to: precision of the kalon herpes simplex virus type 2 igg elisa: an international inter-laboratory assessment. 201728525965
racial/ethnic disparities at the end of an hiv epidemic: persons who inject drugs in new york city, 2011-2015.to examine whether racial/ethnic disparities persist at the "end of the hiv epidemic" (prevalence of untreated hiv infection < 5%; hiv incidence < 0.5 per 100 person-years) among persons who inject drugs (pwid) in new york city.201728520494
sexual network drivers of hiv and herpes simplex virus type 2 transmission.hiv and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections are sexually transmitted and propagate in sexual networks. using mathematical modeling, we aimed to quantify effects of key network statistics on infection transmission, and extent to which hsv-2 prevalence can be a proxy of hiv prevalence.201728514276
migrating microbes: what pathogens can tell us about population movements and human evolution.the biology of human migration can be observed from the co-evolutionary relationship with infectious diseases. while many pathogens are brief, unpleasant visitors to human bodies, others have the ability to become life-long human passengers. the story of a pathogen's genetic code may, therefore, provide insight into the history of its human host. the evolution and distribution of disease in africa is of particular interest, because of the deep history of human evolution in africa, the presence o ...201728511559
surgical excision for recurrent herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) anogenital infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv).recurrent anogenital herpes simplex virus infections are common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), of whom approximately 5% develop resistance to acyclovir. we present a case of a 49-year-old man with hiv who had an 8-year history of recurrent left inguinal herpes simplex virus type 2 ulcerations. he initially responded to oral acyclovir, but developed resistance to acyclovir and eventually foscarnet. the lesion progressed to a large hypertrophic mass that required surgical exc ...201728508238
a trivalent subunit antigen glycoprotein vaccine as immunotherapy for genital herpes in the guinea pig genital infection model.an estimated 417 million people worldwide ages 15 to 49 are infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), the most common cause of genital ulcer disease. some individuals experience frequent recurrences of genital lesions, while others only have subclinical infection, yet all risk transmitting infection to their intimate partners. a vaccine was developed that prevents shingles, which is a recurrent infection caused by varicella-zoster virus (vzv), a closely related member of the herpesvirid ...201728481687
a herpes simplex virus type 2-encoded microrna promotes tumor cell metastasis by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 in lung cancer.certain viruses use micrornas to regulate the expression of their own genes, host genes, or both. a number of micrornas expressed by herpes simplex virus type 2 have been confirmed by previous studies. however, whether these micrornas play a role in the metastasis of lung cancers and how these viral micrornas precisely regulated the tumor biological process in lung cancer bone metastasis remain obscure. we recently identified the high expression of an acutely and latently expressed viral microrn ...201728468588
herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition among hiv-1-infected adults treated with tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate as part of combination antiretroviral therapy: results from the actg a5175 pearls study.tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate (tdf) disoproxyl fumarate (tdf) has in vitro activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and reduced hsv-2 acquisition as preexposure prophylaxis. whether tdf-containing antiretroviral therapy (art) reduces hsv-2 acquisition is unknown.201728453835
vaccination to reduce reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 2. 201728453833
acyclovir resistant acute herpes simplex encephalitis associated with acute retinal necrosis: a case report and review of the literature.a 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for investigation of high fever, decreased consciousness and bilateral visual impairment. his cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed pleocytosis of mononuclear cells and an increased protein concentration. flair images revealed multiple high-intensity lesions in the frontal lobe, part of which was enhanced with gadolinium. despite initiating treatment with acyclovir and corticosteroids, his consciousness and visual acuity deteriorated. immunopatholog ...201728450685
correction for mahic et al., "maternal immunoreactivity to herpes simplex virus 2 and risk of autism spectrum disorder in male offspring".[this corrects the article doi: 10.1128/msphere.00016-17.].201728435887
reply to magaret and wald, "autism link to herpes simplex virus 2 antibody in pregnancy likely to be spurious". 201728409568
autism link to herpes simplex virus 2 antibody in pregnancy likely to be spurious. 201728405628
effectiveness of early antiviral therapy in disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) with fulminant hepatic failure.background liver failure in the neonatal population is a life-threatening complication and has a wide array of etiologies, including infectious, immune-mediated, metabolic, or drug-induced. although neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) hepatitis only accounts for 1% of all acute liver failures, it has an extremely aggressive clinical course that carries a mortality rate of 85%. case report we report a rare case of disseminated neonatal hsv-2 with late presentation associated with fulminant liver ...201728392553
pregnancy outcomes in association with stds including genital hsv-2 shedding in a south african cohort study.genital herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) shedding in pregnant women in association with neonatal herpes infection has been widely studied but there is limited evidence of its association with pregnancy outcomes.201728396556
an intravaginal ring that releases three antiviral agents and a contraceptive blocks shiv-rt infection, reduces hsv-2 shedding, and suppresses hormonal cycling in rhesus macaques.women globally need access to multipurpose prevention technologies (mpts) that prevent human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), sexually transmitted infections that increase hiv acquisition/transmission risk, and unintended pregnancy. seeking an mpt with activity against hiv, herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2), and human papillomavirus (hpv), we developed a prototype intravaginal ring (ivr), the mzcl ivr, which released the antiviral agents miv-150, zinc acetate, and carrageenan (mzc for short) and the c ...201728600625
hsv-1/hsv-2 infection-related cancers in bantu populations driving hiv-1 prevalence in africa: tracking the origin of aids at the onset of the 20th century.at the onset of the 20th century, ancient clinical observations of cancer epidemics in bantu populations of sub-saharan africa were discovered. they were reported from 1914 to 1960, but remained unexplained. in 1983, in san francisco, calif., usa, cancer epidemics were related to infections by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) known as aids disease. yet since 1996, it is known that hiv-1 strains are not the only ones involved. in sub-saharan africa, recurrent orobuccal herpes simpl ...201728413399
dna vaccine encoding hpv16 oncogenes e6 and e7 induces potent cell-mediated and humoral immunity which protects in tumor challenge and drives e7-expressing skin graft rejection.we have previously shown that a novel dna vaccine technology of codon optimization and the addition of ubiquitin sequences enhanced immunogenicity of a herpes simplex virus 2 polynucleotide vaccine in mice, and induced cell-mediated immunity when administered in humans at relatively low doses of naked dna. we here show that a new polynucleotide vaccine using the same technology and encoding a fusion protein of the e6 and e7 oncogenes of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) is immunogen ...201728166181
a randomized safety and pharmacokinetic trial of daily tenofovir 1% gel in term and near-term pregnancy.vaginal tenofovir (tfv) 1% gel may reduce incident hiv-1 and herpes simplex virus 2 infection. pregnancy may increase risk of hiv acquisition, and incident hiv in pregnancy potentiates perinatal hiv transmission. our objective was to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of seven days of tfv 1% vaginal gel in term and near-term pregnancy.201727658440
herpes simplex virus type 2 acute retinal necrosis in an immunocompetent patient.to report a case of acute retinal necrosis caused by herpes simplex virus 2 in an otherwise healthy patient.201728252688
carbosilane dendrons with fatty acids at the core as a new potential microbicide against hsv-2/hiv-1 co-infection.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) represent the two most frequent sexually transmitted infections (sti) worldwide. epidemiological studies suggest that hsv-2 increases the risk of hiv-1 acquisition approximately 3-fold mainly due to the clinical and immunological manifestations. in the absence of vaccines against both sti, the development of new preventive strategies has become essential for further studies. we performed the screening of six nove ...201729090302
the role of fungi in the etiology of multiple sclerosis.multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. infectious triggers of ms are being actively investigated. substantial evidence supports the involvement of the epstein-barr virus (ebv), though other viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi are also being considered. many links between fungi and diseases involving chronic inflammation have been found recently. evidence linking ms and fungi is reviewed here. the hla-drb1*15 allele group is the most important ...201729085329
hiv prevalence and correlated factors of female sex workers and male clients in a border region of yunnan province, china.female sex workers (fsws) and their male clients are vulnerable to hiv infection and serve as a bridge in hiv transmission from the high-risk population to the general, low-risk population. to examine the factors of fsws and male clients that correlate with the prevalence of hiv infection in the chinese-vietnamese border region, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 in the hekou county of the yunnan province of china. we performed a questionnaire survey to collect data on demographics, ...201728901213
the effect of school attendance and school dropout on incident hiv and hsv-2 among young women in rural south africa enrolled in hptn 068.to estimate the association between school attendance, school dropout, and risk of incident hiv and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection among young women.201728692544
[co-infections of hiv, syphilis and hsv-2 among men who have sex with men at the voluntary hiv counseling and testing clinics in shanghai].objective: to understand the prevalence rates of hiv-syphilis and hiv-herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) co-infections and related factors among men having sex with men (msm) who had visited the voluntary hiv counseling and testing (vct) clinics in shanghai, china. methods: 756 eligible msm who attended the vct clinics of shanghai municipality and putuo district during march to august, 2015 were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey with questionnaire interview and blood testing for h ...201729060980
antiviral effects of lactobacillus crispatus against hsv-2 in mammalian cell lines.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infectious disease is one of the most common viral sexually transmitted diseases. as regards, vaginal lactobacilli play an important role in protecting host against the urogenital pathogens; here we assessed the potential antiviral activity of lactobacillus crispatus against hsv-2 infection in vitro.201729037754
optimized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting cytomegalovirus infections during clinical trials of recombinant vaccines.in clinical trials of cytomegalovirus (cmv) glycoprotein b (gb) vaccines, cmv infection is detected by first depleting serum of anti-gb antibodies and then measuring anti-cmv antibodies with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit, with confirmation of positive findings by immunoblot.201729035763
association between male circumcision and women's biomedical health outcomes: a systematic review.male circumcision reduces men's risk of acquiring hiv and some sexually transmitted infections from heterosexual exposure, and is essential for hiv prevention in sub-saharan africa. studies have also investigated associations between male circumcision and risk of acquisition of hiv and sexually transmitted infections in women. we aimed to review all evidence on associations between male circumcision and women's health outcomes to benefit women's health programmes.201729025633
strong associations between national prevalence of various stis suggests sexual network connectivity is a common underpinning risk factor.if national peak human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence is positively associated with the prevalence of other sexually transmitted infections (stis) from before or early on in the hiv epidemics this would suggest common underlying drivers.201729025419
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