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the evolution, structure and function of the ray finned fish (actinopterygii) glucocorticoid receptors.basal ray-finned fish (actinopterygii) possess a single glucocorticoid receptor (gr) and when compared to the lobe-finned vertebrate (sarcopterygii) gr possess nine additional amino acids between the zinc-finger of the dna binding domain. a whole genome duplication event which occurred between 320 and 350mya in the teleost lineage following the split from the basal ray-finned fish resulted in 2 grs: one gr group, gr1, has retained the 9 amino acids insert whereas the other group, gr2, has not. t ...201627838382
population structure and genetic diversity of indian major carp, labeo rohita (hamilton, 1822) from three phylo-geographically isolated riverine ecosystems of india as revealed by mtdna cytochrome b region sequences.the population structure and genetic diversity of rohu (labeo rohita hamilton, 1822) was studied by analysis of the partial sequences of mitochondrial dna cytochrome b region. we examined 133 samples collected from six locations in three geographically isolated rivers of india. analysis of 11 haplotypes showed low haplotype diversity (0.00150), nucleotide diversity (π) (0.02884) and low heterogeneity value (0.00374). analysis of molecular variance (amova) revealed the genetic diversity of l. roh ...201628024428
genome wide identification, phylogeny, and expression of aquaporin genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio).aquaporins (aqps) are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes. among vertebrate species, aqps are highly conserved in both gene structure and amino acid sequence. these proteins are vital for maintaining water homeostasis in living organisms, especially for aquatic animals such as teleost fish. studies on teleost aqps are mainly limited to several model species with diploid genomes. common carp, which has a tetraploidized genome, ...201627935978
effects of ndrg1 family proteins on photoreceptor outer segment morphology in zebrafish.rods and cones are functionally and morphologically distinct. we previously identified n-myc downstream-regulated gene 1b (ndrg1b) in carp as a cone-specific gene. here, we show that ndrg1b and its paralog, ndrg1a-1, contribute to photoreceptor outer segment (os) formation in zebrafish. in adult zebrafish photoreceptors, ndrg1a-1 was localized in the entire cone plasma membranes, and also in rod plasma membranes except its os. ndrg1b was expressed specifically in cones in the entire plasma membr ...201627811999
dietary phytoimmunostimulant persian hogweed (heracleum persicum) has more remarkable impacts on skin mucus than on serum in common carp (cyprinus carpio).immunostimulation through the use of sustainable and eco-friendly dietary additives is one of the current prophylactic strategies in fish husbandry. plant-based immunostimulants are highly considered for this intent, both for their scientific and practical advantages. persian hogweed (heracleum persicum) is a flower-bearing herb that possesses interesting pharmacological importance due to its bioactive compounds. it is commonly used as spice, food additive, dietary supplement and traditional rem ...201627751916
cardiac ankyrin repeat protein attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by upregulation of bcl-2 expression.cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) is a nuclear transcriptional co-factor that has additional functions in the myoplasm as a component of the muscle sarcomere. previous studies have demonstrated increased expression of carp in cardiovascular diseases, however, its role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis is unclear and controversial. in the present study, we investigated possible roles of carp in hypoxia/reoxygenation (h/r) -induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms. neonatal mouse ...201627713078
antioxidant balance and accumulation of advanced glycation end products after the consumption of standard diets including maillard reaction products from silver carp peptides.the aim of this research was to investigate the accumulation and excretion of ages including fluorescent compounds and n-ε-carboxymethyllysine (cml) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes c57bl/6j mice fed on a diet containing maillard reaction products (mrps) from a silver carp peptide-glucose model system at different heating temperatures for the first time, and analyze the relationship between their in vitro antioxidant activity based on dpph and orac assays and in vivo oxidative stress. the in v ...201627805212
the roles of tissue nitrate reductase activity and myoglobin in securing nitric oxide availability in deeply hypoxic crucian carp.in mammals, treatment with low doses of nitrite has a cytoprotective effect in ischemia/reperfusion events, as a result of nitric oxide formation and s-nitrosation of proteins. interestingly, anoxia-tolerant lower vertebrates possess an intrinsic ability to increase intracellular nitrite concentration during anoxia in tissues with high myoglobin and mitochondria content, such as the heart. here, we tested the hypothesis that red and white skeletal muscles develop different nitrite levels in cruc ...201627742892
facilitated bioaccumulation of perfluorooctanesulfonate in common carp (cyprinus carpio) by graphene oxide and remission mechanism of fulvic acid.as one of the most popular carbon-based nanomaterials, graphene oxide (go) has the potential to be released in aquatic environment and interact with some coexistent organic pollutants, such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos), which is an emerging persistent organic pollutant. in this study, the adsorption of pfos on go in the presence of fulvic acid (fa), the impacts of go and fa on pfos toxicokinetics in carp (cyprinus carpio), and in vitro digestion behaviors were examined. the results indicat ...201627718559
cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in fishponds and their effects on fish tissue.cyanobacteria can produce toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. common and frequently investigated cyanotoxins include microcystins (mcs), nodularin (nod) and saxitoxins (stxs). during the summer of 2011 extensive cyanobacterial growth was found in several fishponds in serbia. sampling of the water and fish (common carp, cyprinus carpio) was performed. water samples from 13 fishponds were found to contain saxitoxin, microcystin, and/or nodularin. lc-ms/ms showed that mc-rr was present in sampl ...201628073548
genome-wide association study for muscle fat content and abdominal fat traits in common carp (cyprinus carpio).muscle fat content is an important phenotypic trait in fish, as it affects the nutritional, technical and sensory qualities of flesh. to identify loci and candidate genes associated with muscle fat content and abdominal fat traits, we performed a genome-wide association study (gwas) using the common carp 250 k snp assay in a common carp f2 resource population. a total of 18 loci surpassing the genome-wide suggestive significance level were detected for 4 traits: fat content in dorsal muscle (mfd ...201628030623
lectin purification from carp roe (cyprinus carpio l.), investigation of its carbohydrate specificity and application in histochemistry.a method of lectin purification from carp roe (ccra) was elaborated, which includes affinity chromatography on cross-linked ovomucoid and copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and blood group-specific substances. that allowed obtaining lectin with electrophoretic purity and yielding of ˜ 42 mg÷kg roe. electrophoresis in 15% polyacrylamide gel in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol showed one band with molecular mass ˜ 15 kda, whereas in the absence of β-mercaptoethanol, ccra exposed band with molecular ...201628002514
a novel igf3 gene in common carp (cyprinus carpio): evidence for its role in regulating gonadal development.since the insulin-like growth factor 3 (igf3) gene was recently discovered in fish ovary, its function in the gonads has received much attention. in this study, we isolated two igf3 subtypes from common carp (cyprinus carpio), which comprised full-length cdna of 707 and 1153 nucleotides encoding 205 and 198 amino acids (aa), respectively. the igf3 aa sequence had the highest gene homology of 72% with the corresponding sequence in zebrafish (danio rerio). phylogenetic tree construction revealed t ...201628002497
short-term effects of t-2 toxin or deoxynivalenol on lipid peroxidation and the glutathione system in common carp.the purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of a single oral dose of t-2 and ht-2 toxin at 0.15, 0.33 and 1.82 mg kg(-1) body weight, or deoxynivalenol (don) and 15-acetyl-don at 0.13, 0.31 and 1.75 mg kg(-1) body weight in common carp. conjugated dienes and trienes (the early markers of lipid peroxidation) were elevated in all don-treated groups at the 16th hour, while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars; termination marker) were increased at the highest dose ...201627993104
erratum to: prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of antibodies against carbamylated proteins in a monocentric cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases.anti-carp antibodies were detected in 117 patients with ra (37.9%), acpa in 190 patients (61.4%) and rf in 202 patients (65.3%). two (2.04%) of the nhs were positive for anti-carp, one nhs (1.02%) was positive for acpa and three nhs were positive for rf (3.06%). among disease controls, anti-carp antibodies were detected in 33 patients (16.5%), acpa in 29 patients (14.5%) and rf in 64 patients (32%). in particular, 16.8% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 31.1% of patients with sjö ...201627986080
new cell motility model observed in parasitic cnidarian sphaerospora molnari (myxozoa:myxosporea) blood stages in fish.cellular motility is essential for microscopic parasites, it is used to reach the host, migrate through tissues, or evade host immune reactions. many cells employ an evolutionary conserved motor protein- actin, to crawl or glide along a substrate. we describe the peculiar movement of sphaerospora molnari, a myxozoan parasite with proliferating blood stages in its host, common carp. myxozoa are highly adapted parasitic cnidarians alternately infecting vertebrates and invertebrates. s. molnari blo ...201627982057
antibodies against carbamylated proteins and cyclic citrullinated peptides in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from two well-defined european cohorts.articular manifestations are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) whereas erosive disease is not. antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-ccp) are citrulline-dependent in rheumatoid arthritis (ra), whereas the opposite is suggested in sle, as reactivity with cyclic arginine peptide (cap) is typically present. antibodies targeting carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) may occur in anti-ccp/rheumatoid factor (rf)-negative cases long before clinical onset of ra. we analysed these antib ...201627912793
effects of dietary vitamin e deficiency on systematic pathological changes and oxidative stress in fish.the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin e deficiency on systematic pathological changes and oxidative stress in fish. a total of 320 healthy common carp (cyprinus carpio) were randomized into four groups; the control group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 iukg-1 of vitamin e, while the three experimental groups were fed the same basal diet with reduced vitamin e content (0, 25, or 50 iukg-1). findings showed that fish in the experimental groups mainly pr ...201627911874
smoking is associated with the concurrent presence of multiple autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis rather than with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies per se: a multicenter cohort study.the contribution of smoking to rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is hypothesized to be mediated through formation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa). in ra, however, autoantibodies such as acpa, rheumatoid factor (rf), and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-carp) often occur together, and it is thus unclear whether smoking is specifically associated with some autoantibodies rather than others. we therefore investigated whether smoking is only associated with acpa or with the presenc ...201627906045
plasticity in growth of farmed and wild atlantic salmon: is the increased growth rate of farmed salmon caused by evolutionary adaptations to the commercial diet?domestication of atlantic salmon for commercial aquaculture has resulted in farmed salmon displaying substantially higher growth rates than wild salmon under farming conditions. in contrast, growth differences between farmed and wild salmon are much smaller when compared in the wild. the mechanisms underlying this contrast between environments remain largely unknown. it is possible that farmed salmon have adapted to the high-energy pellets developed specifically for aquaculture, contributing to ...201627905882
prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of antibodies against carbamylated proteins in a monocentric cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases.antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) have been recently identified in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra). the objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of anti-carp compared to anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (acpa) and rheumatoid factor (rf), replicating the existing data in a large cohort of italian patients with ra and extending the evaluation to other autoimmune rheumatic diseases (airds).201627887639
zebrafish embryonic development is induced by carp sperm.haploid gynogenetic screens increase the efficiency of forward genetic screens and linkage analysis in fish. typically, uv-irradiated zebrafish sperm is used to activate zebrafish oocytes for haploid screens. we describe the use of uv-irradiated common carp sperm to activate haploid gynogenetic zebrafish development. carp × zebrafish hybrids are shown to have a characteristic set of features during embryonic development and exhibit functional development of several tissues (muscle, heart and ner ...201627881764
parasitic infection alters haematology and immunity parameters of common carp, cyprinus carpio, linnaeus, 1758.the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of parasite infection on haematological parameters of common carp, cyprinus carpio. to this end, fish with same age were sampled from a warm water fish farm. after fish sampling, fish were transferred to lab for parasite study. parasite incidence percent and density were calculated for two population carps. after parasite study, to investigate the haematological parameters, the blood sampling was carried out from two group fish i.e. infe ...201627876978
alternations in the liver enzymatic activity of common carp, cyprinus carpio in response to parasites, dactylogyrus spp. and gyrodactylus spp.the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of parasites, monogenea, dactylogyrus spp. and gyrodactylus spp. on some enzymatic and biochemical components of liver in healthy and infected common carp, cyprinus carpio. for this purpose, 10 healthy and 10 infected fish were collected from farm. the blood samples were taken and after separation of serum, the values of aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt) enzymes activities as well as creatinine and urea w ...201627876903
blocking antibodies induced by immunization with a hypoallergenic parvalbumin mutant reduce allergic symptoms in a mouse model of fish allergy.fish is a frequent elicitor of severe ige-mediated allergic reactions. beside avoidance, there is currently no allergen-specific therapy available. hypoallergenic variants of the major fish allergen, parvalbumin, for specific immunotherapy based on mutation of the 2 calcium-binding sites have been developed.201627876628
pre-acclimation to low ammonia improves ammonia handling in common carp (cyprinus carpio) when exposed subsequently to high environmental ammonia.we tested whether exposing fish to low ammonia concentrations induced acclimation processes and helped fish to tolerate subsequent (sub)lethal ammonia exposure by activating ammonia excretory pathways. common carp (cyprinus carpio) were pre-exposed to 0.27mm ammonia (∼10% 96h lc50) for 3, 7 and 14days. thereafter, each of these pre-exposed and parallel naïve groups were exposed to 1.35mm high environmental ammonia (hea, ∼50% 96h lc50) for 12h and 48h to assess the occurrence of ammonia acclimati ...201627788451
nanocerium oxide increases the survival of adult rod and cone photoreceptor in culture by abrogating hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.in vitro cell culture system for adult rod and cone photoreceptor (pr) is an effective and economical model for screening drug candidates against all kinds of age related retinal blindness. interestingly, adult pr cells have a limited survival in the culture system, thus preventing full exploitation of this in vitro approach for drug screening applications. the limited survival of the adult pr cells in culture is due to their inherently high oxidative stress and photic injury. mixed valence-stat ...201627782496
copper bioaccumulation and depuration in common carp (cyprinus carpio) following co-exposure to tio2 and cuo nanoparticles.metal oxide nanoparticles (nps), such as tio2 and cuo, are widely applied in an increasing number of products and applications, and therefore their release to the aquatic ecosystems is unavoidable. however, little is known about joint toxicity of different nps on tissues of aquatic organisms, such as fish. this study was conducted to assess the uptake and depuration of cu following exposure to cuo nps in the presence of tio2 nps in the liver, intestine, muscle, and gill of common carp, cyprinus ...201627638716
dietary choline deficiency and excess induced intestinal inflammation and alteration of intestinal tight junction protein transcription potentially by modulating nf-κb, stat and p38 mapk signaling molecules in juvenile jian carp.this study investigated the effects of choline on intestinal mucosal immune and the possible mechanisms in fish by feeding juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) with graded levels of dietary choline (165-1820 mg/kg diet) for 65 days. the results firstly showed that choline deficiency induced inflammatory infiltration in the proximal intestine (pi), mid intestine (mi) and distal intestine (di) of fish. meanwhile, compared with the optimal choline group, choline deficiency decreased the a ...201627693201
agaricus bisporus powder improved cutaneous mucosal and serum immune parameters and up-regulated intestinal cytokines gene expression in common carp (cyprinus carpio) fingerlings.the aim of the present study was to investigate immunomodulatory effects of agaricus bisporus, white bottom mushroom powder (wbmp) on common carp (cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. carps were fed on different levels of wbmp (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) for 8 weeks and at the end of feeding trial, skin mucus immune parameters (total ig, lysozyme and protease activity), cytokines gene expression (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8) in intestine as well as serum non-specific immune parameters (total ig, lysozyme and ach50) we ...201627678509
protective effects of calcium on cadmium accumulation in co-cultured silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and triangle sail mussel (hyriopsis cumingii).discovering cost effective strategies to reduce cadmium (cd) uptake is of great concern for consumer food safety in the aquaculture industry. this study investigated the protective effects of calcium (ca) on cd uptake in co-cultured silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and triangle sail mussel (hyriopsis cumingii). the results show that ca-depending on its applied concentration-caused a significant decrease in the cd uptake into muscle (by 48 %-72 %), gills (by 51 %-57 %), liver (by 52 %-81 ...201627761596
sublethal toxicity of quinalphos on oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in a freshwater fish cyprinus carpio.extensive use of quinalphos, an organophosphorus pesticide, is likely to reach the aquatic environment and thereby posing a health concern for aquatic organisms. oxidative stress and antioxidant responses may be good indicators of pesticide contamination in aquatic organisms. the data on quinalphos induced oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in carps are scanty. this study is aimed to assess the two sublethal concentrations of quinalphos (1.09 and 2.18 μl l(-1) ) on oxidative stress and a ...201625899319
the c-terminal dimerization motif of cyclase-associated protein is essential for actin monomer regulation.cyclase-associated protein (cap) is a conserved actin-regulatory protein that functions together with actin depolymerizing factor (adf)/cofilin to enhance actin filament dynamics. cap has multiple functional domains, and the function to regulate actin monomers is carried out by its c-terminal half containing a wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein homology 2 (wh2) domain, a cap and x-linked retinitis pigmentosa 2 (carp) domain, and a dimerization motif. wh2 and carp are implicated in binding to actin ...201627729544
transcriptome analysis reveals that insulin is an immunomodulatory hormone in common carp.common carp (cyprinus carpio) is a widespread freshwater fish and economically important species in china and other east asian countries. recent studies suggest that insulin can alter the expression of immune genes and, thus, can be regarded as an immunomodulatory hormone. to understand the mechanism of the immune response to insulin, we performed a comparative rna-seq transcriptome analysis using livers from common carp injected with insulin (5 μg/g bodyweight) or saline as a control. after fil ...201627742590
canthaxanthin: from molecule to function.the aim of this review is to summarize the relevant literature about the use of canthaxanthin in food science and nutrition research. canthaxanthin is a red-orange carotenoid that belongs to the xanthophyll group. this naturally occurring pigment is present in bacteria, algae and some fungi. canthaxanthin is also responsible for the color of flamingo feathers, koi carp skin and crustacean shells. canthaxanthin is widely used in poultry (broiler, laying hens) as a feed additive. canthaxanthin can ...201627687695
carp-1 functional mimetics are novel inhibitors of drug-resistant triple negative breast cancers.doxorubicin and cisplatin are the frontline therapeutics for treatment of the triple negative breast cancers (tnbcs). emergence of drug-resistance often contributes to failure of drugs and poor prognosis, and thus necessitates development of new and improved modalities to treat tnbcs. we generated and characterized chemotherapy-resistant tnbc cells following their culture in chronic presence of doxorubicin or cisplatin, and tested whether their viabilities were inhibited by a novel class of carp ...201627687593
lipid composition in common carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm possessing different cryoresistance.the present study examined the lipid composition of plasma membranes in carp sperm with different post-thaw motility. the approach adapted for carp sperm cryopreservation, which involves the selection of the most effective protocol for individual males by comparing two cryoprotective media, was applied to the cryopreservation procedure. sperm motility prior to freezing was greater than 80% but decreased to 40% in one group and to 10% in another group following cryopreservation. lipid content of ...201627574978
improvement of common carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm cryopreservation using a programable freezer.the applicability of a programmable freezer for the increased-scale cryopreservation of common carp sperm was investigated. the effect of different equilibration times, cryopreservation methods, extenders, dilution ratios, activating solutions on the post-thaw motility of common carp sperm was investigated. the suitable post-thaw storage time-interval as well as fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm was also examined. the motility, curvilinear velocity (vcl) and straightness (str) values d ...201627570061
infection and immunity against ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (danio rerio).ichthyophthirius multifiliis, causing white spot disease, is a serious pathogen in aquaculture as well as for the ornamental fish industry. in carp, channel catfish and rainbow trout the immune responses against the parasite have been partly elucidated and these species are able to acquire a high level of immunity against the disease. zebrafish are however, known to be more resilient towards the disease than channel catfish but the pathology and the ability to obtain protection is unknown. in th ...201627567935
impacts of loach bioturbation on the selective bioaccumulation of hbcdd diastereoisomers and enantiomers by mirror carp in a microcosm.to assess the impacts of bioturbation at the water-sediment interface on the bioaccumulation of hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers (hbcdds) by pelagic organisms and the bioisomerization and enantioselectivity therein, we built microcosms containing water, mirror carp (cyprinus carpio), and sediment. the microcosms were sorted into two groups, with or without loach (misgurnus anguillicaudatus) living at the water-sediment interface. a 50-d accumulation test was conducted by spiking the micro ...201627565315
dimethoate induced behavioural changes in juveniles of cyprinus carpio var. communis under temperate conditions of kashmir, india.the present study was designed to investigate acute toxicity of dimethoate on juvenile cyprinus carpio var. communis. fishes weighing 10 ± 2 gms were selected and mortality data was statistically evaluated by finney's probit method. the 96-hour lc50 value for cyprinus carpio was found as 1.1 ppm in static bioassay system. mean values of physicochemical parameters of aquarium waters determined during bioassay depicted slight variation indicating that the mortality in aquarium fishes occurred due ...201627563689
how could fully scaled carps appear in natural waters in madagascar?the capacity of organisms to rapidly evolve in response to environmental changes is a key feature of evolution, and studying mutation compensation is a way to evaluate whether alternative routes of evolution are possible or not. common carps (cyprinus carpio) carrying a homozygous loss-of-function mutation for the scale cover gene fgfr1a1, causing the 'mirror' reduced scale cover, were introduced in madagascar a century ago. here we show that carps in malagasy natural waters are now predominantl ...201627559059
toxic effects of copper sulfate and copper nanoparticles on minerals, enzymes, thyroid hormones and protein fractions of plasma and histopathology in common carp cyprinus carpio.differences in toxicological effects of dissolved copper and copper nanoparticles were studied in common carp, cyprinus carpio. the fish were exposed to 0.25mgl(-1) copper as copper sulfate (0.25cu), 0.25mgl(-1) copper as copper oxide nanoparticles (0.25ncu) and 25mgl(-1) copper as copper oxide nanoparticles (25ncu) over 14days. plasma biochemical, enzymatic and hormonal characteristics, and liver and kidney histopathology were examined at the end of the experiment. the results showed that both ...201627555376
anti-carbamylated protein antibodies as a reproducible independent type of rheumatoid arthritis autoantibodies.a large fraction of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) develop specific autoantibodies, which until recently were only of two types, rheumatoid factor (rf) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa). we aimed to replicate important findings about a recently described third type of specific autoantibodies, anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies, because they have been described based only in the homemade elisa from a single laboratory. our study included 520 patients with ...201627537849
carp interacts with titin at a unique helical n2a sequence and at the domain ig81 to form a structured complex.the cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) is up-regulated in the myocardium during cardiovascular disease and in response to mechanical or toxic stress. stress-induced carp interacts with the n2a spring region of the titin filament to modulate muscle compliance. we characterize the interaction between carp and titin-n2a and show that the binding site in titin spans the dual domain un2a-ig81. we find that the unique sequence un2a is not structurally disordered, but that it has a stable, elongated ...201627531639
determination of eugenol in fish and shrimp muscle tissue by stable isotope dilution assay and solid-phase extraction coupled gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.in this study, we developed a new method for the accurate quantification of eugenol in fish samples based on stable isotope dilution assay (sida) and solid-phase extraction (spe) coupled gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (sida-spe-gc-ms/ms). due to the difference of matrix effect (me), it was difficult to determine accurately the level of eugenol residue in different fish and shrimp samples based on external standard calibration method. sida was applied to compensate matrix ...201627531030
cell fusion as the formation mechanism of unreduced gametes in the gynogenetic diploid hybrid fish.the gynogenetic diploid hybrid clone line (gdh) derived from red crucian carp (♀ rcc) × common carp (♂ cc) possesses the unusual reproductive trait of producing unreduced diploid eggs. to identify the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we examined the structure, in vivo developmental process and in vitro dynamic development of the gdh gonad. in summary, compared with rcc and cc, gdh showed certain special straits. first, a high frequency (84.7%) of germ cell fusion occurred in gonadal tissue ...201627530321
association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms in leptin and growth traits in cyprinus carpio var. jian.leptin is a hormone that affects the regulation of body weight, energy expenditure, fat metabolism, food intake, and appetite. in this study, we cloned the jllep-a1 and jllep-a2 genes in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) and performed an association analysis between identified polymorphisms and growth traits. three polymorphisms in exons of jllep-a1 (a1-t113c) and jllep-a2 (a2-g415a and a2-g427a) were identified, and genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length po ...201627525905
reference gene validation for quantification of gene expression during final oocyte maturation induced by diethylstilbestrol and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate in common carp.final oocyte maturation is the key step to successful spawning and fertilization. quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) is the technique of election to quantify the abundance of functional genes in such study. reference gene is essential for correct interpretation of qpcr data. however, an ideal universal reference gene that is stable under all experimental circumstances has not been described. researchers should validate their reference genes while performing qpcr analysis. the expression of 6 cand ...201627521935
environment shapes the fecal microbiome of invasive carp species.although the common, silver, and bighead carps are native and sparsely distributed in eurasia, these fish have become abundant and invasive in north america. an understanding of the biology of these species may provide insights into sustainable control methods. the animal-associated microbiome plays an important role in host health. characterization of the carp microbiome and the factors that affect its composition is an important step toward understanding the biology and interrelationships betw ...201627514729
a scalable approach to capacitated arc routing problems based on hierarchical decomposition.the capacitated arc routing problem (carp) is a challenging optimization problem with lots of applications in the real world. numerous approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem. most of these methods, albeit showing good performance on carp instances of small and median sizes, do not scale well to large-scale carps, e.g., taking at least a few hours to achieve a satisfactory solution on a carp instance with thousands of tasks. in this paper, an efficient and scalable approach is propo ...201627514069
carbonic anhydrases in cnidarians: novel perspectives from the octocorallian corallium rubrum.although the ability to elaborate calcium carbonate biominerals was apparently gained independently during animal evolution, members of the alpha carbonic anhydrases (α-cas) family, which catalyze the interconversion of co2 into hco3-, are involved in the biomineralization process across metazoans. in the mediterranean red coral corallium rubrum, inhibition studies suggest an essential role of cas in the synthesis of two biominerals produced in this octocoral, the axial skeleton and the sclerite ...201627513959
benchmark dataset for undirected and mixed capacitated arc routing problems under time restrictions with intermediate facilities.in this article we present benchmark datasets for the mixed capacitated arc routing problem under time restrictions with intermediate facilities (mcarptif). the problem is a generalisation of the capacitated arc routing problem (carp), and closely represents waste collection routing. four different test sets are presented, each consisting of multiple instance files, and which can be used to benchmark different solution approaches for the mcarptif. an in-depth description of the datasets can be f ...201627508252
effects of acute exposure to sublethal waterborne cadmium on energy homeostasis in silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix).effects of acute exposure to sublethal waterborne cadmium (cd) on energy homeostasis in filter-feeding fishes have rarely been studied. the response patterns of energy substances were investigated in juvenile silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) exposed to sublethal waterborne cd for 96 h. the results showed the 96hlc50 of cd on juvenile silver carp was 1.723 mg/l. sublethal acute exposure of cd significantly affected the energy homeostasis of juvenile silver carp, including increase in pla ...201627488982
assessment of heavy metal pollution risks in yonki reservoir environmental matrices affected by gold mining activity.this study reports the heavy metal (hg, cd, cr, cu, and pb) contamination risks to and safety of two species of fresh water fish (tilapia, oreochromis mossambicus and carp, cyprinus carpio) that are farmed in the yonki reservoir in the eastern highlands of papua new guinea (png). the upper reaches of the reservoir are affected by alluvial and large-scale gold mining activities. we also assessed heavy metal levels in the surface waters and sediments and in selected aquatic plant species from the ...201627663878
genetic distances of crucian carp populations analyzed by pcr approach.genomic dnas isolated from crucian carp of four rivers, belonging to the family cyprinidae was amplified by seven oligonucleotides primers. in the present study, we employed hierarchical clustering method in order to reveal genetic distances and variations. crucian carp was acquired from hangang river (cah), geumgang river (cag), nakdonggang river (can) and yeongsangang river (cay). the primer bion-12 generated the most loci (a total of 50) with an average of 10 in the cay population. the primer ...201627660831
effect of single and combination of three triazine metabolites at environmental concentrations on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the sensitivity of early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to chronic exposure to single and combined environmental concentrations of the triazine metabolites terbuthylazine 2-hydroxy, terbuthylazine-desethyl and atrazine 2-hydroxy was evaluated under laboratory conditions. their effects were assessed on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, reduced glutathione), mortality, growth, developmen ...201627650852
histopathological effects following short-term coexposure of cyprinus carpio to nanoparticles of tio2 and cuo.the aim of this research was to investigate the coexposure of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (tio2) and copper oxide (cuo) on the alterations of the gill, intestine, kidney, and liver tissues of carps (cyprinus carpio). in this study, carps (length 23 ± 1.5 cm; weight 13 ± 1.3 g) were divided into six groups of 15 each and exposed to 2.5 and 5.0 mg l(-1) of cuo nanoparticles (nps), 10.0 mg l(-1) of tio2 nps, and 2.5 and 5.0 mg l(-1) of cuo nps + 10.0 mg l(-1) of tio2 np mixture. fish were sam ...201627650436
molecular characterization and growth association of two apolipoprotein a-ib genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio).apolipoprotein a-i (apoa-i) is functionally involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in vertebrates. in this study, two isoforms of apoa-ib in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were characterized. sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that c. carpio apoa-ib is relatively conserved within cyprinid fishes. during embryonic development, c. carpio apoa-ib was first expressed at the stage of multi-cells, and the highest mrna level was observed at the stage of optic vesicl ...201627649163
protein profile of seminal plasma and functionality of spermatozoa during the reproductive season in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).the purpose of the study was to analyze seminal plasma composition, sperm production, and sperm motility over the course of the spawning season in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the highest mean percent of motile sperm (carp, 98.3 ± 1.6%; rainbow trout, 92.8 ± 5.6%) and highest spermatozoon velocity (carp, 286.3 ± 7.8 μm sec(-1) ; rainbow trout, 245.3 ± 8.3 μm sec(-1) ) were observed in the middle phase of the spawning period, at 5 sec post-activation. ...201627641056
identification of small peptides of acidic collagen extracts from silver carp skin and their therapeutic relevance.low-temperature techniques that prevent protein denaturation are being used to extract collagen from fish skin for cosmetic purposes. these extracts contain collagen with its triple helix structure preserved, as well as a number of other proteins.201627627554
aphanius sophiae (actinoptrygii, cyprinodontidae), a new host for ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ciliophora) reported from iran.aphanius sophiae (heckel, 1849) or soffia tooth-carp is endemic species to the endorheic kor river basin, fars province, southwest of iran. in spite of importance of this species as a biologic control of anopheles larvae, little attention has been paid to its diseases particularly parasitic infections. a total of 24 a. sophiae (12 males and 12 females) in safashahr spring, kor river basin, were collected by using dip net in february 2012. surface of all fish were gross examined and screened for ...201627605832
nkx2.5/carp signaling pathway contributes to the regulation of ion channel remodeling induced by rapid pacing in rat atrial myocytes.remodeling of atrial electrophysiology and structure is the primary feature of atrial fibrillation (af). evidence suggests that abnormalities in the expression levels of embryological cardiovascular development‑associated transcription factors, including nkx2.5, are crucial for the development of af. rat atrial myocardial cells (amcs) in culture dishes were placed in an electric field and stimulated. transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastucture prior to and following ra ...201627600472
exposure to sub-acute doses of fipronil and buprofezin in combination or alone induces biochemical, hematological, histopathological and genotoxic damage in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).use of pesticides or insecticides can be highly toxic to aquatic life forms due to leaching and agricultural runoff, rains or flood. fipronil (fp) is a gaba receptor inhibitor, while buprofezin (bpfn) is an insect growth regulator. presently, we exposed groups of aquaria acclimated carp fish (cyprinus carpio) for 96h to sub-lethal concentrations of fipronil (400μgl(-1); 9.15×10(-7)moll(-1)) and buprofezin (bpfn, 100mgl(-1); 1.072×10(-6)moll(-1)) singly or in combination. the extent of damage was ...201627595653
a full-body transcriptome and proteome resource for the european common carp.the common carp (cyprinus carpio) is the oldest, most domesticated and one of the most cultured fish species for food consumption. besides its economic importance, the common carp is also highly suitable for comparative physiological and disease studies in combination with the animal model zebrafish (danio rerio). they are genetically closely related but offer complementary benefits for fundamental research, with the large body mass of common carp presenting possibilities for obtaining sufficien ...201627590662
mri-detected osteitis is not associated with the presence or level of acpa alone, but with the combined presence of acpa and rf.in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) bone marrow edema (bme, osteitis) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa) are associated with radiographic progression. acpa have been associated with bme, but it is unknown if this association is confined to acpa and bme. we performed cross-sectional analysis of the association of acpa, rheumatoid factor (rf) and anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies with bme and other types of inflammation (synovitis, tenosynovitis) detected by magnetic resonanc ...201627485323
retraction notice to "carrageenan: a natural seaweed polysaccharide and its applications" [carp 105 (2014) 97-112]. 201627474681
fish gut microbiota analysis differentiates physiology and behavior of invasive asian carp and indigenous american fish. 201627458892
differential enrichment of ttf-i and tip5 in the t-like promoter structures of the rdna contribute to the epigenetic response of cyprinus carpio during environmental adaptation.to ensure homeostasis, ectothermic organisms adapt to environmental variations through molecular mechanisms. we previously reported that during the seasonal acclimatization of the common carp cyprinus carpio, molecular and cellular functions are reprogrammed, resulting in distinctive traits. importantly, the carp undergoes a drastic rearrangement of nucleolar components during adaptation. this ultrastructural feature reflects a fine modulation of rrna gene transcription. specifically, we identif ...201627458840
mlp and carp are linked to chronic pkcα signalling in dilated cardiomyopathy.mlp (muscle lim protein)-deficient mice count among the first mouse models for dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm), yet the exact role of mlp in cardiac signalling processes is still enigmatic. elevated pkcα signalling activity is known to be an important contributor to heart failure. here we show that mlp directly inhibits the activity of pkcα. in end-stage dcm, pkcα is concentrated at the intercalated disc of cardiomyocytes, where it is sequestered by the adaptor protein carp in a multiprotein comple ...201627353086
characterization of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) interferon regulatory factor 5 (irf5) and its expression in response to viral and bacterial challenges.common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), one of the most economically valuable commercial farming fish species in china, is often infected by a variety of viruses. as the first line of defence against microbial pathogens, the innate immune system plays a crucial role in teleost fish, which are lower vertebrates. interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 5 (irf5) is a key molecule in antiviral immunity that regulating the expression of ifn and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. it is necessary to gain more insi ...201627350041
physiological responses of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to dietary exposure to zearalenone (zen).zearalenone (zen) is a frequent contaminant of animal feeds, but systemic effects on fish and possible metabolic costs have not yet been investigated. in order to fill this gap a feeding trial with juvenile carp was conducted. the fish were fed zen-contaminated diets at three concentrations (low: 332μgkg(-1), medium: 621μgkg(-1), and high: 797μgkg(-1) final feed, respectively) for four weeks. possible reversible effects of zen were evaluated by feeding an additional group with the mycotoxin for ...201627349726
tracing the biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in common carp (cryprinus carpio): enantiomeric fraction and compound-specific stable carbon isotope analyses.metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in fish are difficult to detect in vivo due to the complexity of biometabolism. in the present study, atropisomeric fraction analysis of chiral pcb congeners and compound-specific isotopic analysis (csia) were applied to trace the biotransformation of pcbs in fish by exposure of common carp (cryprinus carpio) to the commercial pcb mixture aroclor 1242. stereoselective elimination of the chiral pcb congeners 91, 95, and 136 was observed, indicating ...201627341148
focused proteomics revealed a novel rho-kinase signaling pathway in the heart.protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the physiological regulation of cardiac function. myocardial contraction and pathogenesis of cardiac diseases have been reported to be associated with adaptive or maladaptive protein phosphorylation; however, phosphorylation signaling in the heart is not fully elucidated. we recently developed a novel kinase-interacting substrate screening (kiss) method for exhaustive screening of protein kinase substrates, using mass spectrometry and affinity c ...201627334702
molecular identification of a new myxozoan, myxobolus dermiscalis n. sp. (myxosporea) infecting scales of labeo rohita hamilton in harike wetland, punjab (india).in the present study, a new species myxobolus dermiscalis n. sp. infecting scales of labeo rohita, an indian major carp from harike wetland in punjab, india has been described on the basis of spore morphology and amplification of a part of 18s rdna gene. the pseudocysts of m. dermiscalis n. sp. are milky white with irregular outline, 0.5-3.6 mm in diameter embedded within the dermal scale in the form of a cavity. the spores 5.84-7.98 × 3.98-5.98 μm in size, having two equal polar capsules 3.98-5 ...201627330981
effects of lipoic acid on growth and biochemical responses of common carp fed with carbohydrate diets.lipoic acid (la) is an antioxidant that also favors glucose uptake in mammals. until now, there are no studies evaluating the potential effect of this molecule on glycemic control in fish. it was evaluated la effects on glucose uptake in common carp cyprinus carpio fed with carbohydrate diets from two carbohydrate sources: glucose (glu) and starch (sta), and supplemented or not with la, being the diets: +glu/-la (glu); +glu/+la (glu + la); +sta/-la (sta); and +sta/+la (sta + la). carp juveniles ...201627325349
effects of chlorinated drinking water on the xenobiotic metabolism in cyprinus carpio treated with samples from two italian municipal networks.drinking water (dw) disinfection represents a milestone of the past century, thanks to its efficacy in the reduction of risks of epidemic forms by water micro-organisms. nevertheless, such process generates disinfection by-products (dbps), some of which are genotoxic both in animals and in humans and carcinogenic in animals. at present, chlorination is one of the most employed strategies but the toxicological effects of several classes of dbps are unknown. in this investigation, a multidisciplin ...201627316649
acclimation temperature alters the relationship between growth and swimming performance among juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio).individual variation in growth, metabolism and swimming performance, their possible interrelationships, and the effects of temperature were investigated in 30 juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) at two acclimation temperatures (15 and 25°c). we measured body mass, critical swimming speed (ucrit), resting metabolic rate (rmr), active metabolic rate (amr) and metabolic scope (ms) twice (28days apart) in both temperature groups. fish acclimated to 25°c showed a 204% higher specific growth rate ( ...201627312325
multiplug filtration cleanup method with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the analysis of malachite green, diethylstilbestrol residues, and their metabolites in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.the food safety supervision in aquatic products has raised public concern in recent years. in this study, a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (lc-ms/ms) method for the simultaneous quantification and identification of four residues of the ever widely used analytes (including malachite green, leucomalachite green, diethylstilbestrol, and dienestrol) in aquaculture samples was developed. for sample preparation, a modified quechers (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) me ...201627311954
hikui disease in nine koi carp (cyprinus carpio): first description of a cutaneous perivascular wall tumour.hikui disease is a well known disfiguring disease of koi carp (cyprinus carpio) primarily affecting fish with red pigmentation. it causes light orange to golden yellow, multifocal to coalescing raised patches, starting from the red cutaneous areas. some cases respond to surgery or topical treatment, but recurrence is common.201627311577
simultaneous determination of aditoprim and its three major metabolites in pigs, broilers and carp tissues, and its application in tissue distribution and depletion studies.aditoprim (adp) is a recently developed dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor that has shown promise for therapeutic use in veterinary medicine because of its excellent pharmacokinetic properties. in this study, a sensitive and reliable multi-residue chromatography-ultraviolet (hplc-uv) method for the quantitative analysis of adp and its three major metabolites was developed, and the tissue distribution and depletion profiles of adp and its major metabolites in pigs, broilers and carp were investiga ...201627310088
biodegradable chitosan coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil for shelf life extension of common carp (cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage.chitosan (ch) coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (ch+bpeo) was studied to extend the shelf life of common carp (cyprinus carpio) during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1°c. the chemical composition of bpeo was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). antibacterial properties of bpeo were determined by disk diffusion agar, mic, and mbc. ch (2% [wt/vol]) and ch+bpeo (2% [wt/vol] ch with 1.5% [vol/vol] bpeo) were used for common carp fillet coating. the sample ...201627296603
solute carriers (slcs) identified and characterized from kidney transcriptome of golden mahseer (tor putitora) (fam: cyprinidae).the solute carriers (slc) are trans-membrane proteins, those regulate the transport of various substances (sugars, amino acids, nucleotides, inorganic cations/anions, metals, drugs etc.) across the cell membrane. there are more than 338 solute carriers (slc) reported in fishes that play crucial role in cellular influx and efflux. the study of solute carrier families may reveal many answers regarding the function of transporter genes in the species and their effect in the existing environment. th ...201627287540
effects of different concentrations of metal ions on degradation of adenosine triphosphate in common carp (cyprinus carpio) fillets stored at 4°c: an in vivo study.the impact of different concentrations of na(+), k(+), ca(2+), mg(2+), fe(2+), and zn(2+) on the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (atp) and the influence of these ions on the activity of adenosine monophosphate deaminase (amp-deaminase) and acid phosphatase (acp) in common carp fillets (in vivo) during 4°c storage was examined. the content of atp, inosine monophosphate (imp), and hypoxanthine (hx), and the activity of amp-deaminase and acp were determined. results indicated that the effects ...201627283700
the in vitro effect of temperature on motility and antioxidant response of common carp cyprinus carpio spermatozoa.the effect of temperature on cyprinus carpio spermatozoa in vitro was investigated with spermatozoa activated at 4, 14, and 24°c. at 30s post-activation, motility rate was significantly higher at 4°c compared to 14 and 24°c, whereas highest swimming velocity was observed at 14°c. the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (tbars) content was significantly higher at 14°c and 24°c than at 4°c in motile spermatozoa. no significant differences in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity relative t ...201627264890
gnih plays a negative role in regulating gth expression in the common carp, cyprinus carpio l.in birds and mammals, the gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) effectively inhibits the expression of gonadotrophin (gth). in teleosts, the effects of gnih are still unclear and under much debate. the aim of this study is to evaluate the functions of gnih/receptors of gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (gnihrs) system during reproduction in the common carp, cyprinus carpio l. we cloned the full cdna sequences of gnih /gnihrs. real-time pcr results showed that gnih/gnihrs were distributed extens ...201627263051
biological invasion by a benthivorous fish reduced the cover and species richness of aquatic plants in most lakes of a large north american ecoregion.biological invasions are projected to be the main driver of biodiversity and ecosystem function loss in lakes in the 21st century. however, the extent of these future losses is difficult to quantify because most invasions are recent and confounded by other stressors. in this study, we quantified the outcome of a century-old invasion, the introduction of common carp to north america, to illustrate potential consequences of introducing non-native ecosystem engineers to lakes worldwide. we used the ...201627251937
invasion status of the common carp cyprinus carpio in inland waters of argentina.this study documents the presence of cyprinus carpio in 119 natural environments and 49 artificial habitats in argentina, showing an exponential increment of invaded locations over time since it was introduced in the nineteenth century. geographic expansion patterns revealed that since its initial introduction, species records demonstrate an increment in the central portion of the country only after 1970 and subsequent expansion after 1990 to the north, west and south. using an environmental sim ...201627241358
transciptomic study of mucosal immune, antioxidant and growth related genes and non-specific immune response of common carp (cyprinus carpio) fed dietary ferula (ferula assafoetida).a 8-weeks feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) of dietary ferula (ferula assafoetida) on expression of antioxidant enzymes (gsr, gpx and gsta), immune (tnf-alpha, il1b, il- 8 and lyz) and growth (gh, igf1 and ghrl) genes as well as cutaneous mucus and serum non-specific immune response in common carp. the results revealed ferula significantly increased antioxidant gene expression (gsr and gsta) in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05). the expres ...201627241284
risk screening of pharmaceutical compounds in romanian aquatic environment.the aquatic environment is under increased pressure by pharmaceutically active compounds (phacs) due to anthropogenic activities. in spite of being found at very low concentrations (ng/l to μg/l) in the environment, phacs represent a real danger to aquatic ecosystems due to their bioaccumulation and long-term effects. in this study, the presence in the aquatic environment of six non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, diclofenac, acetaminophen, naproxen, indomethacin, and ketoprofen), ...201627234514
rhabdomyosarcoma in a silver carp.rhabdomyosarcoma is a primitive neoplasm that originates from skeletal muscle progenitor cells. in a routine inspection of a cyprinid farm in southwestern iran, an approximately 2-year-old female silver carp was observed to have a raised mass located on the dorsolateral surface just caudal to the head. macroscopic examination revealed a firm irregular fleshy pink mass (5 × 4 cm, depth = 3 cm) that appeared to arise from the subcutaneous musculature. histologic sections were prepared using routin ...201627229885
an ultra-high density linkage map and qtl mapping for sex and growth-related traits of common carp (cyprinus carpio).high density genetic linkage maps are essential for qtl fine mapping, comparative genomics and high quality genome sequence assembly. in this study, we constructed a high-density and high-resolution genetic linkage map with 28,194 snp markers on 14,146 distinct loci for common carp based on high-throughput genotyping with the carp 250 k single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) array in a mapping family. the genetic length of the consensus map was 10,595.94 cm with an average locus interval of 0.75 c ...201627225429
frequency and histologic characterization of coelomatic neoplasms in koi cyprinus carpio koi.koi carp presenting with coelomatic neoplastic lesions are of growing importance in switzerland and elsewhere in europe, as clinical diagnosis is usually difficult and prognosis is usually poor because of late recognition. to gain more information about this condition, between 2008 and 2012, 117 koi diagnosed with coelomatic tumours were included in this study. the nature and growth characteristics of these pathologic tissues were documented. out of 117 koi, 48.9% (n = 57) were female; the ovary ...201627225205
open and closed evolutionary paths for drastic morphological changes, involving serial gene duplication, sub-functionalization, and selection.twin-tail goldfish strains are examples of drastic morphological alterations that emerged through domestication. although this mutation is known to be caused by deficiency of one of two duplicated chordin genes, it is unknown why equivalent mutations have not been observed in other domesticated fish species. here, we compared the chordin gene morphant phenotypes of single-tail goldfish and common carp (close relatives, both of which underwent chordin gene duplication and domestication). morpholi ...201627220684
metal concentrations in water, sediment and three fish species from the danube river, serbia: a cause for environmental concern.the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of metal contamination in water, sediments and three different fish species. all samples were taken from the danube river in belgrade region, a location upstream from grocka. concentrations of cd, hg and pb in water samples were not detected, while concentrations of zn, fe, cu and as were in the range of 0.004-0.41 mg l(-1). iron was the most deposited metal in sediment samples (17,530.00 mg kg(-1)). for the purpose of heavy metal determinati ...201627211095
the effect of tramadol hydrochloride on early life stages of fish.the aim of this study was to perform the fish embryo acute toxicity test (fet) on zebrafish (danio rerio) and the early-life stage toxicity test on common carp (cyprinus carpio) with tramadol hydrochloride. the fet was performed using the method inspired by the oecd guideline 236. newly fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed to tramadol hydrochloride at concentrations of 10; 50; 100 and 200μg/l for a period of 144h. an embryo-larval toxicity test on c. carpio was performed according to oecd guid ...201627208654
the role of melatonin as a hormone and an antioxidant in the control of fish reproduction.reproduction in most fish is seasonal or periodic, and the spawning occurs in an appropriate season to ensure maximum survival of the offspring. the sequence of reproductive events in an annual cycle is largely under the control of a species-specific endogenous timing system, which essentially relies on a well-equipped physiological response mechanism to changing environmental cues. the duration of solar light or photoperiod is one of the most predictable environmental signals used by a large nu ...201627199895
hepatocytes as in vitro test system to investigate metabolite patterns of pesticides in farmed rainbow trout and common carp: comparison between in vivo and in vitro and across species.in vitro tools using isolated primary fish hepatocytes have been proposed as a useful model to study the hepatic metabolism of xenobiotics in fish. in order to evaluate the potential of in vitro fish hepatocyte assays to provide information on in vivo metabolite patterns of pesticides in farmed fish, the present study addressed the following questions: are in vitro and in vivo metabolite patterns comparable? are species specific differences of metabolite patterns in vivo reflected in vitro? are ...201627185525
identification and characterization of a ltr retrotransposon from the genome of cyprinus carpio var. jian.a ty3/gypsy-retrotransposon-type transposon was found in the genome of the jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) in a previous study (unpublished), and was designated a jre retrotransposon (jian retrotransposon). the full-length jre retrotransposon is 5126 bp, which includes two long terminal repeats of 470 bp at the 5' end and 453 bp at the 3' end, and two open reading frames between them: 4203 bp encoding the group-specific antigen (gag) and polyprotein (pol). the pol gene has a typical ty3/gy ...201627178280
bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl acids including the isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate in carp (cyprinus carpio) in a sediment/water microcosm.carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) isomers in an artificially contaminated sediment/water microcosm. the uptake constant of pfaas increased with increasing carbon chain length, whereas the elimination coefficient displayed the opposite trend, suggesting that carbon chain length plays an important role in the bioaccumulation of pfaas. when the contribution of suspended particulate matter was taken into account, the bioacc ...201627163505
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