Publications

perturbation of bacterial ice nucleation activity by a grass antifreeze protein.	certain plant-associating bacteria produce ice nucleation proteins (inps) which allow the crystallization of water at high subzero temperatures. many of these microbes are considered plant pathogens since the formed ice can damage tissues, allowing access to nutrients. intriguingly, certain plants that host these bacteria synthesize antifreeze proteins (afps). once freezing has occurred, plant afps likely function to inhibit the growth of large damaging ice crystals. however, we postulated that ...	2014	25193694
synthesis and antibacterial activities of yanglingmycin analogues.	the synthesis of yanglingmycin and its enantiomer, along with eighteen yanglingmycin analogues is reported. the structures were confirmed mainly by analyses of nmr spectral data. antibacterial activity assays showed that yanglingmycin and some of its analogues exhibited significant antibacterial activities against two important agricultural pathogenic bacteria, ralstonia solanacearum and pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, with mic values ranging from 3.91 to 15.62 μg/ml. the antibacterial acti ...	2014	25355464
molecular characterization of rice sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase gene osspl1 and functional analysis of its role in disease resistance response.	our results indicate that overexpression of osspl1 in transgenic tobacco plants attenuated disease resistance and facilitated programmed cell death. long-chain base phosphates including sphingosine-1-phosphate have been shown to act as signaling mediators in regulating programmed cell death (pcd) and stress responses in mammals. in the present study, we characterized a rice gene osspl1, encoding a putative sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase that is involved in metabolism of sphingosine-1-phosphate. e ...	2014	25113543
absence of endo-1,4-β-glucanase kor1 alters the jasmonate-dependent defence response to pseudomonas syringae in arabidopsis.	during plant-pathogen interactions, the plant cell wall forms part of active defence against invaders. in recent years, cell wall-editing enzymes, associated with growth and development, have been related to plant susceptibility or resistance. our previous work identified a role for several tomato and arabidopsis endo-1,4-β-glucanases (egs) in plant-pathogen interactions. here we studied the response of the arabidopsis thaliana t-dna insertion mutant lacking eg korrigan1 (kor1) infected with pse ...	2014	25108263
effect of oxygen on the growth and biofilm formation of xylella fastidiosa in liquid media.	xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of pierce's disease of grapevines and scorch diseases of many other plant species. the disease symptoms are putatively due to blocking of the transpiration stream by bacterial-induced biofilm formation and/or by the formation of plant-generated tylosis. xylella fastidiosa has been classified as an obligate aerobe, which appears unusual given that dissolved o2 levels in the xylem during the growing season are oft ...	2014	25100224
melatonin as a signal molecule triggering defense responses against pathogen attack in arabidopsis and tobacco.	melatonin plays pleiotropic roles in both animals and plants. the possible role of melatonin in plant innate immune responses was recently discovered. as an initial study, we employed arabidopsis to determine whether melatonin is involved in defense against the virulent bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae dc3000. the application of a 10 μm concentration of melatonin on arabidopsis and tobacco leaves induced various pathogenesis-related (pr) genes, as well as a series of defense genes activat ...	2014	25099383
phenotypic analyses of arabidopsis t-dna insertion lines and expression profiling reveal that multiple l-type lectin receptor kinases are involved in plant immunity.	l-type lectin receptor kinases (lecrk) are membrane-spanning receptor-like kinases with putative roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses and in plant development. in arabidopsis, 45 lecrk were identified but their functions are largely unknown. here, a systematic functional analysis was carried out by evaluating phenotypic changes of arabidopsis lecrk t-dna insertion lines in plant development and upon exposure to various external stimuli. none of the lecrk t-dna insertion lines showed clea ...	2014	25083911
a prominent role for rcar3-mediated aba signaling in response to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 infection in arabidopsis.	in plant-pathogen interaction, the plant hormone aba can serve as a crucial modulator of plant responses to biotic as well as abiotic stress. recent studies have identified pyrabactin resistance (pyr) 1/pyr1-like (pyl)/regulatory component of aba receptor (rcar) proteins as an aba receptor that interacts with the protein phosphatase type 2c (pp2c) family. here, we examined the functional involvement of aba signaling components in pre- and post-invasive defense responses of arabidopsis against th ...	2014	25063782
change in activity of serine palmitoyltransferase affects sensitivity to syringomycin e in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.	syringomycin e is a cyclic lipodepsipeptide produced by strains of the plant bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. genetic studies involving the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae have revealed that complex sphingolipids play important roles in the action of syringomycin e. here, we found a novel mutation that confers resistance to syringomycin e on yeast; that is, a deletion mutant of orm1 and orm2, which encode negative regulators of serine palmitoyltransferase catalyzing the initial step o ...	2014	25040056
constitutive camalexin production and environmental stress response variation in arabidopsis populations from the iberian peninsula.	optimal defense theory predicts that induction of defensive secondary metabolites in plants will be inversely correlated with constitutive expression of those compounds. here, we asked whether camalexin, an important defense against fungal and bacterial pathogens, support this prediction in structured natural populations of arabidopsis thaliana from the iberian peninsula. in common garden experiments, we found that genotypes from the vie population constitutively hyper-accumulated camalexin. cam ...	2014	25017162
rice saps are responsive to multiple biotic stresses and overexpression of ossap1, an a20/an1 zinc-finger protein, enhances the basal resistance against pathogen infection in tobacco.	eukaryotic a20/an1 zinc-finger proteins (zfps) play an important role in the regulation of immune and stress response. after elucidation of the role of first such protein, ossap1, in abiotic stress tolerance, 18 rice stress associated protein (sap) genes have been shown to be regulated by multiple abiotic stresses. in the present study, expression pattern of all the 18 ossap genes have been analysed in response to different biotic stress simulators, in order to get insights into their possible i ...	2014	25017161
transgenic tomato plants overexpressing tyramine n-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase exhibit elevated hydroxycinnamic acid amide levels and enhanced resistance to pseudomonas syringae.	hydroxycinnamic acid amides (hcaa) are secondary metabolites involved in plant development and defense that have been widely reported throughout the plant kingdom. these phenolics show antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. hydroxycinnamoyl-coa:tyramine n-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (tht) is the key enzyme in hcaa synthesis and is induced in response to pathogen infection, wounding, or elicitor treatments, preceding hcaa accumulation. we have engineered transgenic tom ...	2014	25014592
rational design of a ligand-based antagonist of jasmonate perception.	(+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (ja-ile) regulates developmental and stress responses in plants. its perception involves the formation of a ternary complex with the f-box coi1 and a member of the jaz family of co-repressors and leads to jaz degradation. coronatine (cor) is a bacterial phytotoxin that functionally mimics ja-ile and interacts with the coi1-jaz co-receptor with higher affinity than ja-ile. on the basis of the co-receptor structure, we designed ligand derivatives that spatially imp ...	2014	24997606
order of arrival shifts endophyte-pathogen interactions in bean from resistance induction to disease facilitation.	endophytic fungi colonize plants without causing symptoms of disease and can enhance the resistance of their host to pathogens. we cultivated 53 fungal strains from wild lima bean (phaseolus lunatus) and investigated their effects on pathogens using in vitro assays and experiments in planta. most strains were annotated as rhizopus, fusarium, penicillium, cochliobolus, and artomyces spp. by the sequence of their 18s rrna gene. in vitro confrontation assays between endophytes and three pathogens ( ...	2014	24801140
bigger is not always better: transmission and fitness burden of ∼1mb pseudomonas syringae megaplasmid pmppla107.	horizontal gene transfer (hgt) is a widespread process that enables the acquisition of genes and metabolic pathways in single evolutionary steps. previous reports have described fitness costs of hgt, but have largely focused on the acquisition of relatively small plasmids. we have previously shown that a pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans strain recently acquired a cryptic megaplasmid, pmppla107. this extrachromosomal element contributes hundreds of new genes to p. syringae and increases total ...	2014	24792221
constitutive salicylic acid accumulation in pi4kiiiβ1β2 arabidopsis plants stunts rosette but not root growth.	phospholipids have recently been found to be integral elements of hormone signalling pathways. an arabidopsis thaliana double mutant in two type iii phosphatidylinositol-4-kinases (pi4ks), pi4kiiiβ1β2, displays a stunted rosette growth. the causal link between pi4k activity and growth is unknown. using microarray analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) and multiple phytohormone analysis by lc-ms we investigated the mechanism responsible for the pi4kiiiβ1β ...	2014	24758581
the arabidopsis immune adaptor srfr1 interacts with tcp transcription factors that redundantly contribute to effector-triggered immunity.	the plant immune system must be tightly controlled both positively and negatively to maintain normal plant growth and health. we previously identified suppressor of rps4-rld1 (srfr1) as a negative regulator specifically of effector-triggered immunity. srfr1 is localized in both a cytoplasmic microsomal compartment and in the nucleus. its tpr domain has sequence similarity to tpr domains of transcriptional repressors in other organisms, suggesting that srfr1 may negatively regulate effector-trigg ...	2014	24689742
applicability of preparative overpressured layer chromatography and direct bioautography in search of antibacterial chamomile compounds.	in situ sample preparation and preparative overpressured layer chromatography (oplc) fractionation on a 0.5 mm thick adsorbent layer of chamomile flower methanol extract prepurified by conventional gravitation accelerated column chromatography were applied in searching for bioactive components. sample cleanup in situ on the adsorbent layer subsequent to sample application was performed using mobile phase flow in the opposite direction (the input and output of the eluent was exchanged). the antib ...	2014	24645496
dige-abpp by click chemistry: pairwise comparison of serine hydrolase activities from the apoplast of infected plants.	activity-based protein profiling (abpp) is a targeted functional proteomics method that displays the active proteome by using small molecule probes that react covalently with the active sites of protein classes. comparison of activity profiles from two different samples is not always easy, especially when using probes that generate too many signals. for accurate comparison of protein activities between two proteomes, we developed difference gel electrophoresis abpp (dige-abpp), which compares tw ...	2014	24643562
a bacterial tyrosine phosphatase inhibits plant pattern recognition receptor activation.	innate immunity relies on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) by pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) located on the host cell's surface. many plant prrs are kinases. here, we report that the arabidopsis receptor kinase ef-tu receptor (efr), which perceives the elf18 peptide derived from bacterial elongation factor tu, is activated upon ligand binding by phosphorylation on its tyrosine residues. phosphorylation of a single tyrosine residue, y836, is required for acti ...	2014	24625928
hopz4 from pseudomonas syringae, a member of the hopz type iii effector family from the yopj superfamily, inhibits the proteasome in plants.	the yopj family of type iii effector proteins (t3e) is one of the largest and most widely distributed families of effector proteins, whose members are highly diversified in virulence functions. in the present study, hopz4, a member of the yopj family of t3e from the cucumber pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans is described. hopz4 shares high sequence similarity with the xanthomonas t3e xopj, and a functional analysis suggests a conserved virulence function between these two t3e. as has ...	2014	24625030
the performance of pathogenic bacterial phytosensing transgenic tobacco in the field.	phytosensors are useful for rapid-on-the-plant detection of contaminants and agents that cause plant stress. previously, we produced a series of plant pathogen-inducible synthetic promoters fused to an orange fluorescent protein (ofp) reporter gene and transformed them into tobacco and arabidopsis thaliana plants; in these transgenic lines, an ofp signal is expressed commensurate with the presence of plant pathogens. we report here the results of 2 years of field experiments using a subset of th ...	2014	24618221
the arabidopsis thaliana at4g13040 gene, a unique member of the ap2/erebp family, is a positive regulator for salicylic acid accumulation and basal defense against bacterial pathogens.	the arabidopsis genome contains a large number of putative transcription factors, containing a dna binding domain similar to apetala2/ethylene response element binding protein (ap2/erebp), for most of which a function is not known. phylogenetic analysis divides the apetala 2 (ap2) super-family into 5 major groups: ap2, rav, ethylene response factor (erf), dehydration response element binding protein (dreb) and at4g13040. similar to erf and dreb, the at4g13040 protein contains only one ap2 domain ...	2014	24612849
the pseudomonas viridiflava phylogroups in the p. syringae species complex are characterized by genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of pathogenicity-related traits.	as a species complex, pseudomonas syringae exists in both agriculture and natural aquatic habitats. p.viridiflava, a member of this complex, has been reported to be phenotypically largely homogenous. we characterized strains from different habitats, selected based on their genetic similarity to previously described p.viridiflava strains. we revealed two distinct phylogroups and two different kinds of variability in phenotypic traits and genomic content. the strains exhibited phase variation in p ...	2014	24612372
reversible non-genetic phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial quorum sensing.	bacteria co-ordinate their social behaviour in a density-dependent manner by production of diffusible signal molecules by a process known as quorum sensing (qs). it is generally assumed that in homogenous environments and at high cell density, qs synchronizes cells in the population to perform collective social tasks in unison which maximize the benefit at the inclusive fitness of individuals. however, evolutionary theory predicts that maintaining phenotypic heterogeneity in performing social ta ...	2014	24601980
analysis of the small rna spf in the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000.	bacteria contain small non-coding rnas (ncrnas) that are typically responsible for altering transcription, translation or mrna stability. ncrnas are important because they often regulate virulence factors and susceptibility to various stresses. here, the regulation of a recently described ncrna of pseudomonas syringae dc3000, spot 42 (now referred to as spf), was investigated. a putative rpoe binding site was identified upstream of spf in strain dc3000. rpoe is shown to regulate the expression o ...	2014	24600027
the hygroscopic biosurfactant syringafactin produced by pseudomonas syringae enhances fitness on leaf surfaces during fluctuating humidity.	biosurfactant production by bacteria on leaf surfaces is poorly documented, and its role in this habitat has not been explored. therefore, we investigated the production and fitness benefits of syringafactin by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b728a on leaves. syringafactin largely adsorbed to the waxy leaf cuticle both when topically applied and when produced by cells on plants. syringafactin increased the rate of diffusion of water across isolated cuticles and attracted water to hydrophobic s ...	2014	24571678
recte(psy)-mediated recombineering in pseudomonas syringae.	a recently developed pseudomonas syringae recombineering system simplifies the procedure for installing specific mutations at a chosen genomic locus. the procedure involves transforming p. syringae cells expressing recombineering functions with a pcr product that contains desired changes flanked by sequences homologous to a target location. cells transformed with the substrate undergo homologous recombination between the genomic dna and the recombineering substrate. the recombinants are found by ...	2014	24557893
proteomic analysis of the actinidia deliciosa leaf apoplast during biotrophic colonization by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.	for plant pathogenic bacteria, adaptation to the apoplast is considered as key in the establishment of the parasitic lifestyle. pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), the causal agent of the bacterial canker of kiwifruit, uses leaves as the entry site to colonize plants. through a combined approach based on 2-de, nanolc-esi-lit-ms/ms and quantitative pcr, we investigated psa colonization of the actinidia deliciosa "hayward" leaf apoplast during the bacterial biotrophic phase. a total of 58 d ...	2014	24530627
regulation of plant immunity through ubiquitin-mediated modulation of ca(2+) -calmodulin-atsr1/camta3 signaling.	transient changes in intracellular ca(2+) concentration are essential signals for activation of plant immunity. it has also been reported that ca(2+) signals suppress salicylic acid-mediated plant defense through atsr1/camta3, a member of the ca(2+) /calmodulin-regulated transcription factor family that is conserved in multicellular eukaryotes. how plants overcome this negative regulation to mount an effective defense response during a stage of intracellular ca(2+) surge is unclear. here we repo ...	2014	24528504
the phtl protein of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola nps3121 affects the expression of both phaseolotoxin cluster (pht) and non-pht encoded genes.	pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the causal agent of halo blight disease in bean, produces a toxin known as phaseolotoxin, whose synthesis involves the products of some of the genes found within the pht region. this region, considered a pathogenicity island, comprises 23 genes arranged in five transcriptional units: two single-gene units (argk, phtl) and three arranged as operons (phta, phtd, phtm), most with unknown function. in p. syringae pv. phaseolicola, maximal expression of most of ...	2014	23806843
phosphatidylcholine synthesis is essential for hrpz harpin secretion in plant pathogenic pseudomonas syringae and non-pathogenic pseudomonas sp. 593.	pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van hall is important phytopathogenic bacterium of stone fruit trees, and able to elicit hypersensitive response (hr) in nonhost plants. the hrpz, secreted via type iii secretion system (t3ss) to the extracellular space of the plant, is a t3ss-dependent protein and a sole t3ss effector able to induce the host defense response outside host cells. we deleted the phosphatidylcholine synthase gene (pcs) of p. syringae pv. syringae van hall cfcc 1336, and found that ...	2014	23886927
pcr amplification of the hrcv gene through specific primers for detecting pseudomonas syringae pathovars.	pseudomonas syringae pathovars are important pathogens among phytopathogenic bacteria causing a variety of diseases in plants. these pathogens can rapidly disseminate in a large area leading to infection and destruction of plants. to prevent the incidence of the bacteria, appropriate detection methods should be employed. routinely serological tests, being time-consuming and costly, are exploited to detect these pathogens in plants, soil, water and other resources. over the recent years, dna-base ...	2014	23933804
eggplant and related species are promising genetic resources to dissect the plant immune response to pseudomonas syringae and xanthomonas euvesicatoria and to identify new resistance determinants.	the apparent lack of durability of many resistance (r) genes highlights the need for the constant identification of new genetic sources of resistance for the breeding of new disease-resistant crop cultivars. to this end, we screened a collection of accessions of eggplant and close relatives for resistance against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pto) and xanthomonas euvesicatoria (xeu), foliar plant pathogens of many solanaceous crops. both pathogens caused substantial disease on most genotypes ...	2014	24684604
diversity and abundance of phyllosphere bacteria are linked to insect herbivory.	simultaneous or sequential attack by herbivores and microbes is common in plants. many seed plants exhibit a defence trade-off against chewing herbivorous insects and leaf-colonizing ('phyllosphere') bacteria, which arises from cross-talk between the phytohormones jasmonic acid (ja, induced by many herbivores) and salicylic acid (sa, induced by many bacteria). this cross-talk may promote reciprocal susceptibility in plants between phyllosphere bacteria and insect herbivores. in a population of n ...	2014	24383417
genetically modified luminescent bacteria ralostonia solanacerum, pseudomonas syringae, pseudomonas savastanoi, and wild type bacterium vibrio fischeri in biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles from gold chloride trihydrate.	the effect of different genetically engineered bacteria, pseudomonas syringae, pseudomonas savastanoi, and ralostonia solanacerum and also a natural marine bacterial species, vibrio fischeri nrrl b-11177, is studied in producing gold nanoparticles. this is the first report about the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by natural and genetically engineered luminescent bacteria. these microorganisms reduced gold ions and produced fairly monodisperse nanoparticles. tem analysis indicated that spheri ...	2014	25088536
new insights into the role of indole-3-acetic acid in the virulence of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi.	indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is a widespread phytohormone among plant-associated bacteria, including the tumour-inducing pathogen of woody hosts, pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi. a phylogenetic analysis of the iaam/iaah operon, which is involved in the biosynthesis of iaa, showed that one of the two operons encoded by pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi ncppb 3335, iaam-1/iaah-1, is horizontally transferred among bacteria belonging to the pseudomonas syringae complex. we also show that bio ...	2014	24606017
translocation and functional analysis of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi ncppb 3335 type iii secretion system effectors reveals two novel effector families of the pseudomonas syringae complex.	pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi ncppb 3335 causes olive knot disease and is a model pathogen for exploring bacterial infection of woody hosts. the type iii secretion system (t3ss) effector repertoire of this strain includes 31 effector candidates plus two novel candidates identified in this study which have not been reported to translocate into plant cells. in this work, we demonstrate the delivery of seven ncppb 3335 effectors into nicotiana tabacum leaves, including three proteins from t ...	2014	24329173
isolation and partial characterization of bacteriophages infecting pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker.	the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. in the last years, it has caused severe economic losses to actinidia spp. cultivations, mainly in italy and new zealand. conventional strategies adopted did not provide adequate control of infection. phage therapy may be a realistic and safe answer to the urgent need for novel antibacterial agents aiming to control this bacterial pathogen. in this study, we described the isolation an ...	2014	24810619
synthesis of steroidal and nonsteroidal vicinal heterocyclic alcohols, n-(1-cycloalkenyl)heterocycles and their antibacterial studies.	a solvent free steroidal and nonsteroidal epoxide ring opening reaction by nitrogen containing heterocycles under microwave irradiation is described. some of the epoxide ring opening compounds were converted to their corresponding n-(1-cycloalkenyl)heterocycles via an acid catalyzed dehydration reaction. the antimicrobial activities of the epoxide ring opening compounds and n-(1-cycloalkenyl)heterocyclic compounds were tested by agar diffusion assay. compounds 6, 9-12, 24 and 27 showed moderate ...	2014	24686205
comparison of identification systems for psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from raw bovine milk.	psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk produce heat-resistant extracellular proteases, resulting in spoilage and shelf-life reduction of ultrahigh temperature treated milk and milk products. controlling of these spoilage microbes requires rapid and reliable identification systems for screening of raw milk. this study aimed to compare commercial bacterial identification systems with a genetic method (considered as the 'gold standard' method) for the identification of heat-resistant protease producin ...	2014	25113043
diverse and bioactive endophytic aspergilli inhabit cupressaceae plant family.	aspergilli are filamentous, cosmopolitan and ubiquitous fungi which have significant impact on human, animal and plant welfare worldwide. due to their extraordinary metabolic diversity, aspergillus species are used in biotechnology for the production of a vast array of biomolecules. however, little is known about aspergillus species that are able to adapt an endophytic lifestyle in cupressaceae plant family and are capable of producing cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial metabolites. in this ...	2014	24912659
the mitochondrial outer membrane aaa atpase atom66 affects cell death and pathogen resistance in arabidopsis thaliana.	one of the most stress-responsive genes encoding a mitochondrial protein in arabidopsis (at3g50930) has been annotated as atbcs1 (cytochrome bc1 synthase 1), but was previously functionally uncharacterised. here, we show that the protein encoded by at3g50930 is present as a homo-multimeric protein complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane and lacks the bcs1 domain present in yeast and mammalian bcs1 proteins, with the sequence similarity restricted to the aaa atpase domain. thus we propose to ...	2014	25227923
tomato wrky transcriptional factor sldrw1 is required for disease resistance against botrytis cinerea and tolerance to oxidative stress.	wrky proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that play important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; however, only a few of tomato wrkys have been studied for their biological functions. in the present study, we identified a botrytis cinerea-responsive wrky gene sldrw1 (solanum lycopersicumdefense-related wrky1) from tomato. sldrw1 is a nucleus localized protein with transactivation activity in yeast. expression of sldrw1 was significantly induced by b. cin ...	2014	25219316
microrna400-guided cleavage of pentatricopeptide repeat protein mrnas renders arabidopsis thaliana more susceptible to pathogenic bacteria and fungi.	although a large number of micrornas (mirnas) have been identified in different plant species, the functional roles and targets of the majority of mirnas have not yet been determined. here, arabidopsis thaliana mirna400 (mir400) was investigated for its functional role in the defense response to diverse pathogens. transgenic arabidopsis plants that overexpress mir400 (35s::mir400) displayed much more severe disease symptoms than the wild-type plants when infected with the bacterium pseudomonas s ...	2014	25008976
raphanusanin-mediated resistance to pathogens is light dependent in radish and arabidopsis thaliana.	raphanusanin (ra) is a light-induced inhibitor of hypocotyl growth that responds to unilateral blue light illumination in radish seedlings. we have previously shown that ra regulates genes that are involved in common defense mechanisms. many genes that are induced by ra are also positively regulated by early blue light. to extend the understanding of the role of ra in pathogen defense, we evaluated the effects of ra on radish and arabidopsis thaliana (a. thaliana) infected with the necrotrophic ...	2014	24923677
cucumber pti1-l is a cytoplasmic protein kinase involved in defense responses and salt tolerance.	homologs of the cytoplasmic protein kinase pti1 are found in diverse plant species. a clear role of pti1 in plant defense response has not been established. we identified a pti1 homolog in cucumber (cspti1-l). cspti1-l expression was induced when cucumber plants were challenged with the fungal pathogen sphaerotheca fuliginea or with salt treatment. cspti1-l expression in cucumber leaves also was induced by methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid. cspti1-l exhibited autophosphorylatio ...	2014	24877673
circadian regulation of plant immunity to pathogens.	the plant circadian clock primes the immune response of arabidopsis thaliana to infection with the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv tomato dc3000 (pst dc3000) such that there is a more robust response during the subjective day than subjective night. thus pst dc3000 growth in plants infected with the same initial titre of bacteria varies depending on the time of day of infection (bhardwaj et al., plos one 6: e26968, 2011; zhang et al., plos pathog 9:e1003370, 2013). we describe here a p ...	2014	24792058
methods to study pamp-triggered immunity in brassica species.	the first layer of active defense in plants is based on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) leading to pamp-triggered immunity (pti). pti is increasingly being investigated in crop plants, where it may have potential to provide durable disease resistance in the field. limiting this work, however, is an absence of reliable bioassays to investigate pamp responses in some species. here, we present a series of methods to investigate pti in brassica napus. the assays allo ...	2014	24156768
antiproliferative, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of endophytic alternaria species from cupressaceae.	recent research has shown the bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from cupressaceae. here, we further uncover that the healthy cypress plants such as cupressus arizonica, cupressus sempervirens var. cereiformis, and thuja orientalis host highly bioactive endophytic alternaria fungal species. indeed, endophytic alternaria alternata, alternaria pellucida, and alternaria tangelonis were recovered from healthy cupressaceous trees. biodiversity and bioactivity of recovered endophytic alternaria specie ...	2014	24801337
expression of a wolf spider toxin in tobacco inhibits the growth of microbes and insects.	lycotoxin i, from the wolf spider (lycosa carolinensis), is an amphipathic pore-forming peptide that has antimicrobial and anti-insect activity. constitutive expression of a lycotoxin i modified for oral toxicity to insects in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) conferred significantly enhanced resistance to larvae of the corn earworm (helicoverpa zea) and cigarette beetle (lasioderma serricorne). gene expression levels of modified lycotoxin i were negatively correlated to the survival of corn earworm l ...	2014	24770871
multiple phenotypic changes associated with large-scale horizontal gene transfer.	horizontal gene transfer often leads to phenotypic changes within recipient organisms independent of any immediate evolutionary benefits. while secondary phenotypic effects of horizontal transfer (i.e., changes in growth rates) have been demonstrated and studied across a variety of systems using relatively small plasmids and phage, little is known about the magnitude or number of such costs after the transfer of larger regions. here we describe numerous phenotypic changes that occur after a larg ...	2014	25048697
biochemical properties of ectoine hydroxylases from extremophiles and their wider taxonomic distribution among microorganisms.	ectoine and hydroxyectoine are well-recognized members of the compatible solutes and are widely employed by microorganisms as osmostress protectants. the ectabc enzymes catalyze the synthesis of ectoine from the precursor l-aspartate-β-semialdehyde. a subgroup of the ectoine producers can convert ectoine into 5-hydroxyectoine through a region-selective and stereospecific hydroxylation reaction. this compatible solute possesses stress-protective and function-preserving properties different from t ...	2014	24714029
agroinfiltration by cytokinin-producing agrobacterium sp. strain gv3101 primes defense responses in nicotiana tabacum.	transient infiltrations in tobacco are commonly used in plant studies, but the host response to different disarmed agrobacterium strains is not fully understood. the present study shows that pretreatment with disarmed agrobacterium tumefaciens gv3101 primes the defense response to subsequent infection by pseudomonas syringae in nicotiana tabacum. the presence of a trans-zeatin synthase (tzs) gene in strain gv3101 may be partly responsible for the priming response, as the tzs-deficient agrobacter ...	2014	25054409
the fusarium oxysporum effector six6 contributes to virulence and suppresses i-2-mediated cell death.	plant pathogens secrete effectors to manipulate their host and facilitate colonization. fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is the causal agent of fusarium wilt disease in tomato. upon infection, f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici secretes numerous small proteins into the xylem sap (six proteins). most six proteins are unique to f. oxysporum, but six6 is an exception; a homolog is also present in two colletotrichum spp. six6 expression was found to require living host cells and a knockout of six6 ...	2014	24313955
threats and opportunities of plant pathogenic bacteria.	plant pathogenic bacteria can have devastating effects on plant productivity and yield. nevertheless, because these often soil-dwelling bacteria have evolved to interact with eukaryotes, they generally exhibit a strong adaptivity, a versatile metabolism, and ingenious mechanisms tailored to modify the development of their hosts. consequently, besides being a threat for agricultural practices, phytopathogens may also represent opportunities for plant production or be useful for specific biotechno ...	2014	24216222
foliar endophytic fungi as potential protectors from pathogens in myrmecophytic acacia plants.	in defensive ant-plant interactions myrmecophytic plants express reduced chemical defense in their leaves to protect themselves from pathogens, and it seems that mutualistic partners are required to make up for this lack of defensive function. previously, we reported that mutualistic ants confer plants of acacia hindsii protection from pathogens, and that the protection is given by the ant-associated bacteria. here, we examined whether foliar endophytic fungi may potentially act as a new partner ...	2014	26843901
membrane bioprocesses for pharmaceutical micropollutant removal from waters.	the purpose of this review work is to give an overview of the research reported on bioprocesses for the treatment of domestic or industrial wastewaters (ww) containing pharmaceuticals. conventional ww treatment technologies are not efficient enough to completely remove all pharmaceuticals from water. indeed, these compounds are becoming an actual public health problem, because they are more and more present in underground and even in potable waters. different types of bioprocesses are described ...	2014	25295629
synonymous codon bias and functional constraint on gc3-related dna backbone dynamics in the prokaryotic nucleoid.	while mrna stability has been demonstrated to control rates of translation, generating both global and local synonymous codon biases in many unicellular organisms, this explanation cannot adequately explain why codon bias strongly tracks neighboring intergene gc content; suggesting that structural dynamics of dna might also influence codon choice. because minor groove width is highly governed by 3-base periodicity in gc, the existence of triplet-based codons might imply a functional role for the ...	2014	25200075
genomics-based exploration of virulence determinants and host-specific adaptations of pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from grasses.	the pseudomonas syringae species complex has recently been named the number one plant pathogen, due to its economic and environmental impacts, as well as for its role in scientific research. the bacterium has been repeatedly reported to cause outbreaks on bean, cucumber, stone fruit, kiwi and olive tree, as well as on other crop and non-crop plants. it also serves as a model organism for research on the type iii secretion system (t3ss) and plant-pathogen interactions. while most of the current w ...	2014	25437611
sensitive detection of xanthomonas oryzae pathovars oryzae and oryzicola by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.	molecular diagnostics for crop diseases can enhance food security by enabling the rapid identification of threatening pathogens and providing critical information for the deployment of disease management strategies. loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a pcr-based tool that allows the rapid, highly specific amplification of target dna sequences at a single temperature and is thus ideal for field-level diagnosis of plant diseases. we developed primers highly specific for two globally ...	2014	24837384
novel bacterial adp-ribosylating toxins: structure and function.	bacterial adp-ribosyltransferase toxins (bartts) transfer adp-ribose to eukaryotic proteins to promote bacterial pathogenesis. in this review, we use prototype bartts, such as diphtheria toxin and pertussis toxin, as references for the characterization of several new bartts from human, insect and plant pathogens, which were recently identified by bioinformatic analyses. several of these toxins, including cholix toxin (chxa) from vibrio cholerae, spya from streptococcus pyogenes, hopu1 from pseud ...	2014	25023120
overexpression of the brassica rapa transcription factor wrky12 results in reduced soft rot symptoms caused by pectobacterium carotovorum in arabidopsis and chinese cabbage.	chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis), an important vegetable crop, can succumb to diseases such as bacterial soft rot, resulting in significant loss of crop productivity and quality. pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (pcc) causes soft rot disease in various plants, including chinese cabbage. to overcome crop loss caused by bacterial soft rot, a gene from chinese cabbage was isolated and characterised in this study. we isolated the brwrky12 gene from chinese cabbage, which ...	2014	24552622
nudc nudix hydrolase from pseudomonas syringae, but not its counterpart from pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a novel regulator of intracellular redox balance required for growth, motility and biofilm formation.	nudix pyrophosphatases, ubiquitous in all organisms, have not been well studied. recent implications that some of them may be involved in response to stress and in pathogenesis indicate that they play important biological functions. we have investigated nudc nudix proteins from the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. dc3000 and from the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1161. we found that these homologous enzymes are homodimeric and in vitro preferentially hydrolyse nadh. ...	2014	24989777
pseudomonas syringae evades host immunity by degrading flagellin monomers with alkaline protease apra.	bacterial flagellin molecules are strong inducers of innate immune responses in both mammals and plants. the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes an alkaline protease called apra that degrades flagellin monomers. here, we show that apra is widespread among a wide variety of bacterial species. in addition, we investigated the role of apra in virulence of the bacterial plant pathogen p. syringae pv. tomato dc3000. the apra-deficient dc3000 δapra knockout mutant was significantly ...	2014	24654978
metabolic engineering of escherichia coli for biosynthesis of d-galactonate.	d-galactose is an attractive substrate for bioconversion. herein, escherichia coli was metabolically engineered to convert d-galactose into d-galactonate, a valuable compound in the polymer and cosmetic industries. d-galactonate productions by engineered e. coli strains were observed in shake flask cultivations containing 2 g l(-1) d-galactose. engineered e. coli expressing gld coding for galactose dehydrogenase from pseudomonas syringae was able to produce 0.17 g l(-1) d-galactonate. inherent m ...	2014	23820824
mutational analysis of conserved regions harboring catalytic triad residues of the levansucrase protein encoded by the lsc-3 gene (lsc3) of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000.	levansucrase encoded by the lsc-3 (lsc3) gene at genomic locus psptoa0032 of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 was mutationally analyzed. altogether, 18 single-amino-acid mutants of 13 positions of lsc3 were studied for catalytic properties, including production of fructooligosaccharides (fos). asp62, asp219, and glu303 were proved as members of the catalytic triad. respective alanine replacement mutants were practically inactive with their kcat values reduced up to ∼130,000 times. addition ...	2014	23725335
treatment of amaranthus cruentus with chemical and biological inducers of resistance has contrasting effects on fitness and protection against compatible gram positive and gram negative bacterial pathogens.	amaranthus cruentus (ac) plants were treated with the synthetic systemic acquired resistance (sar) inducer benzothiadiazole (bth), methyl jasmonate (meja) and the incompatible pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (pss), under greenhouse conditions. the treatments induced a set of marker genes in the absence of pathogen infection: bth and pss similarly induced genes coding for pathogenesis-related and antioxidant proteins, whereas meja induced the arginase, lox2 and amarandin 1 genes. bth ...	2014	24913050
[erwinia amylovora--the fire blight pathogen of trees in ukraine].	niduses of fire blight of fruit and ornamental trees have been found in the kyiv and vinnitsa regions of ukraine. pathogen erwinia amylovora was isolated between april and october. the pathogen was often accompanied by bacteria pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. artificial infection with a mixture of bacteria e. amylovora and p. syringae pv. syringae accelerates and enhances the disease process in the laboratory.	2014	25199342
antimicrobial peptides against pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and erwinia amylovora: chemical synthesis, secondary structure, efficacy, and mechanistic investigations.	we report on structurally modified dodecapeptide amides (kyklfkkilkfl-nh2) and two analogs of a hexapeptide amide (wrwycr-nh2) with antibacterial activity against the gram negative pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) and erwinia amylovora (ea). dodecapeptide minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) ranged from 3.2 to 15.4 µm, with the unmodified peptide being the most potent against both pathogens. the unmodified dodecapeptide also had 32-58% α-helicity in membrane mimetic enviro ...	2014	24122768
ethylene-producing bacteria that ripen fruit.	ethylene is a plant hormone widely used to ripen fruit. however, the synthesis, handling, and storage of ethylene are environmentally harmful and dangerous. we engineered e. coli to produce ethylene through the activity of the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) from pseudomonas syringae. efe converts a citric acid cycle intermediate, 2-oxoglutarate, to ethylene in a single step. the production of ethylene was placed under the control of arabinose and blue light responsive regulatory systems. the resu ...	2014	25393892
construction of a dual fluorescence whole-cell biosensor to detect n-acyl homoserine lactones.	detection of n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) is useful for understanding quorum sensing (qs) behaviors, including biofilm formation, virulence and metabolism. for detecting ahls and indicating the host cells in situ, we constructed the plasmid pucgma2t(1-4) to make a dual fluorescent whole-cell biosensor based on the ahlir ahl system of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b728a. the plasmid contains three components: constitutively expressed p(npatii::gfp) for indicating host cells, p(ahli::mche ...	2014	25076533
psasm2i, a type ii restriction-modification system in pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi: differential distribution of carrier strains in the environment and the evolutionary history of homologous rm systems in the pseudomonas syringae complex.	a type ii restriction-modification system was found in a native plasmid of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi mlli2. functional analysis of the methyltransferase showed that the enzyme acts by protecting the dna sequence ctgcag from cleavage. restriction endonuclease expression in recombinant escherichia coli cells resulted in mutations in the rease sequence or transposition of insertion sequence 1a in the coding sequence, preventing lethal gene expression. population screening detected homol ...	2014	25008981
high-throughput assay of levansucrase variants in search of feasible catalysts for the synthesis of fructooligosaccharides and levan.	bacterial levansucrases polymerize fructose residues of sucrose to β-2,6 linked fructans-fructooligosaccharides (fos) and levan. while β-2,1-linked fos are widely recognized as prebiotics, the health-related effects of β-2,6 linked fos are scarcely studied as they are not commercially available. levansucrase lsc3 (lsc-3) of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato has very high catalytic activity and stability making it a promising biotechnological catalyst for fos and levan synthesis. in this study we e ...	2014	24955639
expression and localization of an ice nucleating protein from a soil bacterium, pseudomonas borealis.	an ice nucleating protein (inp) coding region with 66% sequence identity to the inp of pseudomonas syringae was previously cloned from p. borealis, a plant beneficial soil bacterium. ice nucleating activity (ina) in the p. borealis dl7 strain was highest after transfer of cultures to temperatures just above freezing. the corresponding inp coding sequence (inapb or ina) was used to construct recombinant plasmids, with recombinant expression visualized using a green fluorescent protein marker (gfp ...	2014	24930584
combining de ley-doudoroff and methylerythritol phosphate pathways for enhanced isoprene biosynthesis from d-galactose.	an engineered escherichia coli strain was developed for enhanced isoprene production using d-galactose as substrate. isoprene is a valuable compound that can be biosynthetically produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (g3p) through the methylerythritol phosphate pathway (mep). the leloir and de ley-doudoroff (dd) pathways are known existing routes in e. coli that can supply the mep precursors from d-galactose. the dd pathway was selected as it is capable of supplying equimolar amou ...	2014	24928200
antibacterial activities of ligaria cuneifolia and jodina rhombifolia leaf extracts against phytopathogenic and clinical bacteria.	six plant extracts prepared from ligaria cuneifolia and jodina rhombifolia were screened for their potential antimicrobial activities against phytopathogens and clinically standard reference bacterial strains. bioautography and broth microdilution methods were used to study samples antibacterial activities against 7 bacterial strains. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) of samples were attained. an antibacterial activity guided isolation an ...	2014	24894684
pseudomonas syringae cc1557: a highly virulent strain with an unusually small type iii effector repertoire that includes a novel effector.	both type iii effector proteins and nonribosomal peptide toxins play important roles for pseudomonas syringae pathogenicity in host plants, but whether and how these pathways interact to promote infection remains unclear. genomic evidence from one clade of p. syringae suggests a tradeoff between the total number of type iii effector proteins and presence of syringomycin, syringopeptin, and syringolin a toxins. here, we report the complete genome sequence from p. syringae cc1557, which contains t ...	2014	24835253
biotic interactions in the rhizosphere: a diverse cooperative enterprise for plant productivity.	microbes and plants have evolved biochemical mechanisms to communicate with each other. the molecules responsible for such communication are secreted during beneficial or harmful interactions. hundreds of these molecules secreted into the rhizosphere have been identified, and their functions are being studied in order to understand the mechanisms of interaction and communication among the different members of the rhizosphere community. the importance of root and microbe secretion to the undergro ...	2014	25118253
functional characterization and evaluation of in vitro protective efficacy of murine monoclonal antibodies burk24 and burk37 against burkholderia pseudomallei.	burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis has been recognized by cdc as a category b select agent. although substantial efforts have been made for development of vaccine molecules against the pathogen, significant hurdles still remain. with no licensed vaccines available and high relapse rate of the disease, there is a pressing need for development of alternate protection strategies. antibody-mediated passive protection is promising in this regard and our primary interest was ...	2014	24614539
sequence co-evolution gives 3d contacts and structures of protein complexes.	protein-protein interactions are fundamental to many biological processes. experimental screens have identified tens of thousands of interactions, and structural biology has provided detailed functional insight for select 3d protein complexes. an alternative rich source of information about protein interactions is the evolutionary sequence record. building on earlier work, we show that analysis of correlated evolutionary sequence changes across proteins identifies residues that are close in spac ...	2014	25255213
robust and accurate prediction of residue-residue interactions across protein interfaces using evolutionary information.	do the amino acid sequence identities of residues that make contact across protein interfaces covary during evolution? if so, such covariance could be used to predict contacts across interfaces and assemble models of biological complexes. we find that residue pairs identified using a pseudo-likelihood-based method to covary across protein-protein interfaces in the 50s ribosomal unit and 28 additional bacterial protein complexes with known structure are almost always in contact in the complex, pr ...	2014	24842992
comparative structural modeling of six old yellow enzymes (oyes) from the necrotrophic fungus ascochyta rabiei: insight into novel oye classes with differences in cofactor binding, organization of active site residues and stereopreferences.	old yellow enzyme (oye1) was the first flavin-dependent enzyme identified and characterized in detail by the entire range of physical techniques. irrespective of this scrutiny, true physiological role of the enzyme remains a mystery. in a recent study, we systematically identified oye proteins from various fungi and classified them into three classes viz. class i, ii and iii. however, there is no information about the structural organization of class iii oyes, eukaryotic class ii oyes and class ...	2014	24776850
structure and mechanism of soybean atp sulfurylase and the committed step in plant sulfur assimilation.	enzymes of the sulfur assimilation pathway are potential targets for improving nutrient content and environmental stress responses in plants. the committed step in this pathway is catalyzed by atp sulfurylase, which synthesizes adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (aps) from sulfate and atp. to better understand the molecular basis of this energetically unfavorable reaction, the x-ray crystal structure of atp sulfurylase isoform 1 from soybean (glycine max atp sulfurylase) in complex with aps was determi ...	2014	24584934
context of action of proline dehydrogenase (prodh) in the hypersensitive response of arabidopsis.	proline (pro) dehydrogenase (prodh) potentiates the oxidative burst and cell death of the plant hypersensitive response (hr) by mechanisms not yet elucidated. prodh converts pro into ∆1 pyrroline-5-carboxylate (p5c) and can act together with p5c dehydrogenase (p5cdh) to produce glu, or with p5c reductase (p5cr) to regenerate pro and thus stimulate the pro/p5c cycle. to better understand the effects of prodh in hr, we studied the enzyme at three stages of the defense response differing in their r ...	2014	24410747
simultaneous detection of major blackleg and soft rot bacterial pathogens in potato by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.	a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for simultaneous, fast and reliable detection of the main soft rot and blackleg potato pathogens in europe has been developed. it utilises three pairs of primers and enables detection of three groups of pectinolytic bacteria frequently found in potato, namely: pectobacterium atrosepticum, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum together with pectobacterium wasabiae and dickeya spp. in a multiplex pcr assay. in studies with axenic cultures o ...	2014	25506085
glutathione reductase-mediated synthesis of tellurium-containing nanostructures exhibiting antibacterial properties.	tellurium, a metalloid belonging to group 16 of the periodic table, displays very interesting physical and chemical properties and lately has attracted significant attention for its use in nanotechnology. in this context, the use of microorganisms for synthesizing nanostructures emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach compared to their chemical synthesis. to generate te-containing nanostructures, bacteria enzymatically reduce tellurite to elemental tellurium. in this work, using a class ...	2014	25193000
molecular, physiological and phenotypic characterization of paracoccus denitrificans atcc 19367 mutant strain p-87 producing improved coenzyme q10.	coenzyme q10 (coq10) is a blockbuster nutraceutical molecule which is often used as an oral supplement in the supportive therapy for cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. it is commercially produced by fermentation process, hence constructing the high yielding coq10 producing strains is a pre-requisite for cost effective production. paracoccus denitrificans atcc 19367, a biochemically versatile organism was selected to carry out the studies on coq10 yield improvement. t ...	2014	25805905
molecular, physiological and phenotypic characterization of paracoccus denitrificans atcc 19367 mutant strain p-87 producing improved coenzyme q10.	coenzyme q10 (coq10) is a blockbuster nutraceutical molecule which is often used as an oral supplement in the supportive therapy for cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. it is commercially produced by fermentation process, hence constructing the high yielding coq10 producing strains is a pre-requisite for cost effective production. paracoccus denitrificans atcc 19367, a biochemically versatile organism was selected to carry out the studies on coq10 yield improvement. t ...	2014	25805905
identification of nad(p)h quinone oxidoreductase activity in azoreductases from p. aeruginosa: azoreductases and nad(p)h quinone oxidoreductases belong to the same fmn-dependent superfamily of enzymes.	water soluble quinones are a group of cytotoxic anti-bacterial compounds that are secreted by many species of plants, invertebrates, fungi and bacteria. studies in a number of species have shown the importance of quinones in response to pathogenic bacteria of the genus pseudomonas. two electron reduction is an important mechanism of quinone detoxification as it generates the less toxic quinol. in most organisms this reaction is carried out by a group of flavoenzymes known as nad(p)h quinone oxid ...	2014	24915188
biochemical and biophysical characterization of the two isoforms of cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase from pseudomonas stutzeri.	the cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidases (cbb3-ccos) are members of the heme-copper oxidase superfamily that couple the reduction of oxygen to translocation of protons across the membrane. the cbb3-ccos are present only in bacteria and play a primary role in microaerobic respiration, being essential for nitrogen-fixing endosymbionts and for some human pathogens. as frequently observed in pseudomonads, pseudomonas stutzeri contains two independent ccono(q)p operons encoding the two cbb3 isoforms, cbb3 ...	2014	24214947
a new recombineering system for photorhabdus and xenorhabdus.	precise and fluent genetic manipulation is still limited to only a few prokaryotes. ideally the highly advanced technologies available in escherichia coli could be broadly applied. our efforts to apply lambda red technology, widely termed 'recombineering', in photorhabdus and xenorhabdus yielded only limited success. consequently we explored the properties of an endogenous photorhabdus luminescens lambda red-like operon, plu2934/plu2935/plu2936. bioinformatic and functional tests indicate that p ...	2014	25539914
a new recombineering system for photorhabdus and xenorhabdus.	precise and fluent genetic manipulation is still limited to only a few prokaryotes. ideally the highly advanced technologies available in escherichia coli could be broadly applied. our efforts to apply lambda red technology, widely termed 'recombineering', in photorhabdus and xenorhabdus yielded only limited success. consequently we explored the properties of an endogenous photorhabdus luminescens lambda red-like operon, plu2934/plu2935/plu2936. bioinformatic and functional tests indicate that p ...	2014	25539914
microbial interactions and the ecology and evolution of hawaiian drosophilidae.	adaptive radiations are characterized by an increased rate of speciation and expanded range of habitats and ecological niches exploited by those species. the hawaiian drosophilidae is a classic adaptive radiation; a single ancestral species colonized hawaii approximately 25 million years ago and gave rise to two monophyletic lineages, the hawaiian drosophila and the genus scaptomyza. the hawaiian drosophila are largely saprophagous and rely on approximately 40 endemic plant families and their as ...	2014	25566196
the ethylene response factor pti5 contributes to potato aphid resistance in tomato independent of ethylene signalling.	ethylene response factors (erfs) comprise a large family of transcription factors that regulate numerous biological processes including growth, development, and response to environmental stresses. here, we report that pti5, an erf in tomato [solanum lycopersicum (linnaeus)] was transcriptionally upregulated in response to the potato aphid macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas), and contributed to plant defences that limited the population growth of this phloem-feeding insect. virus-induced gene silenci ...	2014	25504643
the ethylene response factor pti5 contributes to potato aphid resistance in tomato independent of ethylene signalling.	ethylene response factors (erfs) comprise a large family of transcription factors that regulate numerous biological processes including growth, development, and response to environmental stresses. here, we report that pti5, an erf in tomato [solanum lycopersicum (linnaeus)] was transcriptionally upregulated in response to the potato aphid macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas), and contributed to plant defences that limited the population growth of this phloem-feeding insect. virus-induced gene silenci ...	2014	25504643
characterization of the algc gene expression pattern in the multidrug resistant acinetobacter baumannii aiims 7 and correlation with biofilm development on abiotic surface.	relative quantification of algc gene expression was evaluated in the multidrug resistant strain acinetobacter baumannii aiims 7 biofilm (3 to 96 h, on polystyrene surface) compared to the planktonic counterparts. comparison revealed differential algc expression pattern with maximum 81.59-fold increase in biofilm cells versus 3.24-fold in planktonic cells (p < 0.05). expression levels strongly correlated with specific biofilm stages (scale of 3 to 96 h), coinciding maximum at initial surface atta ...	2014	25544957
constrictor: constraint modification provides insight into design of biochemical networks.	advances in computational methods that allow for exploration of the combinatorial mutation space are needed to realize the potential of synthetic biology based strain engineering efforts. here, we present constrictor, a computational framework that uses flux balance analysis (fba) to analyze inhibitory effects of genetic mutations on the performance of biochemical networks. constrictor identifies engineering interventions by classifying the reactions in the metabolic model depending on the exten ...	2014	25422896
draft genome sequence analysis of a pseudomonas putida w15oct28 strain with antagonistic activity to gram-positive and pseudomonas sp. pathogens.	pseudomonas putida is a member of the fluorescent pseudomonads known to produce the yellow-green fluorescent pyoverdine siderophore. p. putida w15oct28, isolated from a stream in brussels, was found to produce compound(s) with antimicrobial activity against the opportunistic pathogens staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae, an unusual characteristic for p. putida. the active compound production only occurred in media with low iron content and w ...	2014	25369289
glycan moiety of flagellin in acidovorax avenae k1 prevents the recognition by rice that causes the induction of immune responses.	abstract recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) such as flagellin, a main component of the bacterial flagellum, constitutes the first layer of plant immunity and is referred to as pamp-triggered immunity (pti). the rice avirulent n1141 strain of gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium, acidovorax avenae, induces pti including h2o2 generation, while flagellin from the rice virulent k1 strain of a. avenae does not induce these immune responses. mass spectrometry analyses rev ...	2014	25482815