Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| role of spi-1 secreted effectors in acute bovine response to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium: a systems biology analysis approach. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) causes enterocolitis with diarrhea and polymorphonuclear cell (pmn) influx into the intestinal mucosa in humans and calves. the salmonella type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded at pathogenicity island i translocates salmonella effector proteins sipa, sopa, sopb, sopd, and sope2 into epithelial cells and is required for induction of diarrhea. these effector proteins act together to induce intestinal fluid secretion and transcription of c ... | 2011 | 22096503 |
| porcine ipec-j2 intestinal epithelial cells in microbiological investigations. | ipec-j2 cells are porcine intestinal columnar epithelial cells that were isolated from neonatal piglet mid-jejunum. this cell line forms polarized monolayers with high transepithelial electrical resistance when cultured on 0.4μm pore-size filters. the cell line is unique in that it is derived from small intestinal tissue (compared to the common human colon-derived lines ht-29, t84, and caco-2) and is not transformed (compared to the porcine small intestinal line, ipi-2i). porcine intestinal epit ... | 2011 | 22074860 |
| use of an avirulent live salmonella choleraesuis vaccine to reduce the prevalence of salmonella carrier pigs at slaughter. | this study evaluated the use of an avirulent live salmonella choleraesuis vaccine to reduce the seroprevalence and number of salmonella carrier pigs at slaughter. seven batches of 500 pigs were included in each of the two study groups: the vaccinated group (vg) that was orally vaccinated and the control group (cg) that received a placebo on the first day of life. the groups were managed in a three-site system and followed up from birth to slaughter. blood samples (n=378) were collected from each ... | 2011 | 21949083 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella bacteriophage spn3us. | salmonella bacteriophage spn3us was isolated from a chicken fecal sample. it is a virulent phage belonging to the myoviridae family and showing effective inhibition of salmonella enterica and a few escherichia coli o157:h7 strains. here we announce the completely sequenced first genome of a salmonella phage using flagella as receptors. it is the largest genome among salmonella phages sequenced to date, and major findings from its annotation are described. | 2011 | 22106383 |
| chicken feet bacteriological quality at 4 steps of technological processing. | the production of chicken feet is primarily intended for foreign markets, and there is still no specific legislation in brazil that determines the quality standard of these products. the bacteriological quality of chicken feet was evaluated as a product for human consumption at different steps of the technological processes. eighty broiler feet from 20 lots at 4 steps of processing were collected for quantitative analysis, total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, and determining the most prob ... | 2011 | 22080026 |
| Trichinella spiralis: intranasal immunization with attenuated Salmonella enterica carrying a gp43 antigen-derived 30mer epitope elicits protection in BALB/c mice. | Trichinellosis is a public health problem and is considered an emergent/re-emergent disease in various countries. The etiological agent of trichinellosis is the nematode Trichinella, which infects domestic animals such as pigs and horses, as well as wild animals and humans. A veterinary vaccine could be an option to control the disease in domestic animals. Although several vaccine candidates have shown promising results, a vaccine against trichinellosis remains unavailable to date. Attenuated Sa ... | 2011 | 21907709 |
| characterization of a vii-like phage specific to escherichia coli o157:h7. | phage vb_ecom_cba120 (cba120), isolated against escherichia coli o157:h7 from a cattle feedlot, is morphologically very similar to the classic phage vii of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. until recently, little was known genetically or physiologically about the vii-like phages, and none targeting e. coli have been described in the literature. the genome of cba120 has been fully sequenced and is highly similar to those of both vii and the shigella phage ag3. the core set of structural and repl ... | 2011 | 21899740 |
| expansion of tfh-like cells during chronic salmonella exposure mediates the generation of autoimmune hypergammaglobulinemia in myd88-deficient mice. | the role of tlr signaling in linking the innate and adaptive immune systems has been a controversial issue that remains to be solved. here, we determined whether myd88-dependent tlr signals are required for the generation of b-cell responses during chronic salmonella infection. oral administration of recombinant attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine (rasv) strain in myd88(-/-) mice resulted in chronic infection. infection was accompanied by enlarged germinal centers and hyp ... | 2011 | 22105301 |
| transcriptional regulation of sdia by camp-receptor protein, leuo, and environmental signals in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the sdia gene encodes for a luxr-type transcription factor, which is active when bound to n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls). because salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium does not produce ahls, sdia senses signals produced by other organisms. sdia is not expressed constitutively, and response is limited to conditions in which elevated expression occurs, but little is known about the regulation of sdia expression. here we map the sdia promoter and define several regulators that directly or in ... | 2011 | 22149171 |
| evaluation of salmonella movement through the gut of the lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | abstract aims: the lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus is an important poultry pest prevalent during production that is capable of vectoring pathogens. this study was undertaken to determine the gut transit time of salmonella for biosecurity risk analysis of pathogen dispersal into the environment. methods: adult and larval a. diaperinus were exposed to two concentrations of a fluorescently labeled salmonella enterica for 15, 30, and 60 min time periods then externally disinfected to evalu ... | 2011 | 22022817 |
| a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based approach to trace and identify outbreaks linked to a common salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar montevideo pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type. | in this study, we report a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based evolutionary approach to study the epidemiology of a multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar montevideo. this outbreak included 272 cases that occurred in 44 states between july 2009 and april 2010. a case-control study linked the consumption of salami made with contaminated black and red pepper to the outbreak. we sequenced, on the solid system, 47 isolates with xbai pfge pattern jixx01 ... | 2011 | 22003026 |
| Production of a conjugate vaccine for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from Citrobacter Vi. | A conjugate vaccine for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was produced by chemically linking Vi, purified from Citrobacter, to the non-toxic mutant diphtheria toxin CRM(197) via an adipic dihydrazide spacer using N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide coupling chemistry. The polysaccharide purification process was developed based on Vi precipitation from culture supernatant with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), solubilization of the CTA-polysaccharide salt with ethanol followed by ... | 2011 | 22172503 |
| Antimicrobial resistance and class I integrons in Salmonella enterica isolates from wild boars and Bísaro pigs. | The antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype and the integron type were characterized in 58 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from Bísaro pigs and wild boars (20 S. Typhimurium, 17 S. Rissen, 14 S. Enteritidis and 7 S. Havana). Most S. Typhimurium isolates (15/20 of Bísaro pigs and wild boars) showed ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistances. Of the 17 S. Rissen isolates of both origins, 13 were resistant to ampicil ... | 2011 | 22015698 |
| salmonella enterica in pinnipeds, chile. | 2011 | 22172111 | |
| diversity of salmonella enterica serovar derby isolated from pig, pork and humans in germany. | salmonella enterica serovar derby (s. derby) is one of the most prevalent serovars in pigs in europe and in the u.s. and ranks among the 10 most frequently isolated serovars in humans. therefore, a set of 82 epidemiologically unrelated s. derby strains isolated between 2006 and 2008 from pigs, pork and humans in germany was selected and investigated in respect to the transmission of clonal groups of the serovar along the food chain. various phenotypic and genotypic methods were applied and the p ... | 2011 | 21917347 |
| Involvement of red blood cells in the regulation of leukotriene synthesis in polymorphonuclear leucocytes upon interaction with Salmonella Typhimurium. | Leukotriene (LT) B4 is the primary eicosanoid product of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs). We studied LT synthesis in PMNLs upon interaction with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Human PMNLs exposed to Salmonella produced LTs; mostly LTB4 and ?-hydroxy-LTB4. Opsonization with normal serum increased the capacity of S. Typhimurium to induce LT synthesis in PMNLs. Addition of red blood cells (RBCs) alone did not activate LT synthesis in PMNLs but did further increase the Salmonella-indu ... | 2011 | 21851422 |
| TBK1 mediates crosstalk between the innate immune response and autophagy. | The autophagic pathway participates in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Autophagy plays an important role, as part of the innate immune response, in the first line of defense against intruding pathogens. Recognition of pathogens by the autophagic machinery is mainly mediated by autophagic adaptors, proteins that simultaneously interact with specific cargos and components of the autophagic machinery. However, the exact mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating this step are ... | 2011 | 21868362 |
| Study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extracts from roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG), commonly named Huangqin, showed strong in vitro antimicrobial effects. However, limited research is available to systematically evaluate the effects of extraction methods on the phytochemical composition of SBG and its associated antimicrobial effects. In addition, limited studies have tested SBG as a natural antimicrobial agent on fresh produce such as tomatoes. In the current study, powered roots of SBG were extracted with 60, 80, and 100% ethanol, and th ... | 2011 | 21866919 |
| Identification of transferable DHA-1 type AmpC beta-lactamases and two mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions in Salmonella enterica Thompson. | Human illnesses caused by Salmonella species often require antibiotic treatment, and antibiotic resistance for Salmonella species is conferred through multiple mechanisms. Salmonella enterica Thompson, a pathogen commonly infecting poultry, causes human infection following food-borne transmission, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance for this pathogen have not been well characterized. We isolated Salmonella enterica Thompson (Salmonella enterica Thompson NC24) from the stool of a 3-year-old p ... | 2011 | 22096136 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar stanley isolates; a serovar endemic to asia and associated with travel. | salmonella enterica serovar stanley (s. stanley) is a common serovar in southeast asia; and was in the years 2002-2007, the second most common serovar implicated in human salmonellosis in thailand. in contrast, this serovar is relatively uncommon in europe.the objective of this study was to characterize a collection of s. stanley strains isolated from thai (n=62), danish (n=39) and french patients (n=24) to gain a broader understanding of the genetic diversity, population dynamics, and susceptib ... | 2011 | 22205822 |
| phenotype, virulence and immunogenicity of edwardsiella ictaluri cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein (crp) mutants in catfish host. | edwardsiella ictaluri is an enterobacteriaceae that causes lethal enteric septicemia in catfish. being a mucosal facultative intracellular pathogen, this bacterium is an excellent candidate to develop immersion-oral live attenuated vaccines for the catfish aquaculture industry. deletion of the cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (camp) receptor protein (crp) gene in several enterobacteriaceae has been utilized in live attenuated vaccines for mammals and birds. here we characterize the crp gene ... | 2011 | 22015784 |
| Prevalence of Salmonella enterica and the hygienic indicator Escherichia coli in raw meat at markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. | This study investigated the hygienic status and prevalence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in retail meat sold at open markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 150 samples of beef meat (n = 45), beef intestine (n = 45), mutton (n = 30), and chicken (n = 30) were collected from four local markets for investigation. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica was 9.3%, and six serotypes, all previously unreported in Burkina Faso, were identified: Derby, Tilene, Hato, Bredeney, ... | 2011 | 21902926 |
| salmonella effector proteins and host-cell responses. | acute gastroenteritis caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a significant public health problem. this pathogen has very sophisticated molecular machinery encoded by the two pathogenicity islands, namely salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and spi-2). remarkably, both spi-1 and spi-2 are very tightly regulated in terms of timing of expression and spatial localization of the encoded effectors during the infection process within the host cell. this regulation is governed a ... | 2011 | 21984608 |
| internal colonization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in tomato plants. | several salmonella enterica outbreaks have been traced back to contaminated tomatoes. in this study, the internalization of s. enterica typhimurium via tomato leaves was investigated as affected by surfactants and bacterial rdar morphotype, which was reported to be important for the environmental persistence and attachment of salmonella to plants. surfactants, especially silwet l-77, promoted ingress and survival of s. enterica typhimurium in tomato leaves. in each of two experiments, 84 tomato ... | 2011 | 22096553 |
| arma methyltransferase in a monophasic salmonella enterica isolate from food. | the 16s rrna methyltransferase arma is a worldwide emerging determinant that confers high-level resistance to most clinically relevant aminoglycosides. we report here the identification and characterization of a multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subspecies i.4,12:i:- isolate recovered from chicken meat sampled in a supermarket on february 2009 in la reunion, a french island in the indian ocean. susceptibility testing showed an unusually high-level resistance to gentamicin, as well as to am ... | 2011 | 21859937 |
| genome sequence of lactobacillus salivarius nias840, isolated from chicken intestine. | lactobacillus salivarius is a well-known lactic acid bacterium to which increasing attention has been paid recently for use as probiotics for humans and animals. l. salivarius nias840 was first isolated from broiler chicken feces, displaying antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. here, we report the genome sequence of l. salivarius nias840 (2,046,557 bp) including a small plasmid and two megaplasmids. | 2011 | 21914873 |
| evaluation of abelmoschus moschatus extracts for antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assays. | abelmoschus moschatus medik. leaves and seeds are considered as valuable traditional medicine. the aromatic seeds of this plant are aphrodisiac, ophthalmic, cardio tonic, antispasmodic and used in the treatment of intestinal complaints and check queasiness. to give a scientific basis for traditional usage of this medicinal plant, the seed and leaf extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. | 2011 | 21849051 |
| intestinal inflammation allows salmonella to use ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota. | conventional wisdom holds that microbes support their growth in vertebrate hosts by exploiting a large variety of nutrients. we show here that use of a specific nutrient (ethanolamine) confers a marked growth advantage on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) in the lumen of the inflamed intestine. in the anaerobic environment of the gut, ethanolamine supports little or no growth by fermentation. however, s. typhimurium is able to use this carbon source by inducing the gut to ... | 2011 | 21969563 |
| immune suppression induced by vi capsular polysaccharide is overcome by vi-dt conjugate vaccine. | the influence pre-exposure of mice to vi capsular polysaccharide, purified from salmonella enterica serovar typhi, on the subsequent immune response induced by a vi-diphtheria toxoid (vi-dt) conjugate was evaluated. vi induced low anti vi igg titers with the dominant subclass being igg3. the vi-dt conjugate induced high titers of anti vi igg with the dominant subclass being igg1 but with considerable quantities of igg2a, igg2b and igg3. priming of mice with vi suppressed the response to a subseq ... | 2011 | 22192846 |
| infection of mice by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis involves additional genes that are absent in the genome of serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) causes a systemic, typhoid-like infection in newly hatched poultry and mice. in the present study, a library of 54,000 transposon mutants of s. enteritidis pt4 strain p125109 was screened for mutants deficient in the in vivo colonization of balb/c mouse model using a microarray-based negative selection screening. mutants in genes known to contribute to systemic infection (e.g. spi-2, aro, rfa, rfb, phop, phoq) and enteric infection (e.g. s ... | 2011 | 22083712 |
| molecular characterisation of high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica with multiple antibiotic resistance and class 1 integrons isolated from imported foods. | 2011 | 22100280 | |
| the production and detoxification of a potent cytotoxin, nitric oxide, by pathogenic enteric bacteria. | the nitrogen cycle is based on several redox reactions that are mainly accomplished by prokaryotic organisms, some archaea and a few eukaryotes, which use these reactions for assimilatory, dissimilatory or respiratory purposes. one group is the enterobacteriaceae family of gammaproteobacteria, which have their natural habitats in soil, marine environments or the intestines of humans and other warm-blooded animals. some of the genera are pathogenic and usually associated with intestinal infection ... | 2011 | 22103543 |
| oral administration of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing swine interleukin-18 induces th1-biased protective immunity against inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus. | enhancing and/or modulating innate and adaptive immunity by cytokines appears to be greatly useful to provide effective protective immunity against infectious diseases. however, an effective delivery system for mass administration in livestock industry is needed because of limitations such as cost, labor, time, and protein stability. here the immunomodulatory functions of swine interleukine-18 (swil-18), known as ifn-γ-inducing factor (igif), were evaluated in a vaccination model of pseudorabies ... | 2011 | 21940117 |
| evaluation of royal sun agaricus, agaricus brasiliensis s. wasser et al., aqueous extract in mice challenged with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | this study investigated the effects of agaricus brasiliensis s. wasser et al. (=agaricus blazei murrill sensu heinem.) aqueous extract on small intestinal siga levels, serum tnf-alpha, ifn-gamma and il-10 levels, splenic index, bacterial translocation, and histology of small intestine, spleen, and liver from mice orally challenged with 10(6) cfu of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (sest). splenic index values as well as siga, tnf-alpha, ifn-gamma, and il-10 levels were not affected by eit ... | 2011 | 22135880 |
| ompr may regulate the putative yehu/yeht two-component system in salmonella enterica serovar typhi under hypotonic growth condition. | decreased expression (twofold) of a putative yehuts operon of which yehut encodes a putative yehu/yeht two-component system in the ompr mutant from salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) gifu10007 under hypotonic growth condition was observed by qrt-pcr. purified recombinant protein ompr(his6) of gifu10007 was shown to bind the upstream region of the yehu gene by the gel-shift assay. in addition, the yeht deletion mutant (δyeht) displayed differential expression (twofold or higher) of 26 g ... | 2011 | 22179129 |
| improved templated fluorogenic probes enhance the analysis of closely related pathogenic bacteria by microscopy and flow cytometry. | templated fluorescence activation has recently emerged as a promising molecular approach to detect and differentiate nucleic acid sequences in vitro and in cells. here, we describe the application of a reductive quencher release strategy to the taxonomic analysis of gram-negative bacteria by targeting a single nucleotide difference in their 16s rrna in a two-color assay. for this purpose, it was necessary to develop a release linker containing a quencher suitable for red and near-infrared fluoro ... | 2011 | 21870777 |
| the deubiquitinase activity of the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 effector, ssel, prevents accumulation of cellular lipid droplets. | to cause disease, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium requires two type iii secretion systems that are encoded by salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi-1 and -2). these secretion systems serve to deliver specialized proteins (effectors) into the host cell cytosol. while the importance of these effectors to promote colonization and replication within the host has been established, the specific roles of individual secreted effectors in the disease process are not well understood. in th ... | 2011 | 21875964 |
| use of multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis in molecular subtyping of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates. | we evaluated 11 variable number tandem repeat (vntr) markers for the epidemiological investigation of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) infection and compared the results to those obtained by pfge. pfge, using one or two restriction enzymes (xbai and blni), was insufficient to differentiate between some isolates that were epidemiologically unlinked. multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva)-8, based on analysis of the eight most variable vntrs, displayed a high level of ... | 2011 | 21997873 |
| innate immune control of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium: mechanisms contributing to combating systemic salmonella infection. | infections with salmonella enterica serovars remain a serious problem worldwide. while serovar typhi causes significant morbidity and mortality that is restricted to humans, serovar typhimurium causes gastroenteritidis in humans and can also infect other animals. as mice with the susceptible nramp1 locus get systemic infection with serovar typhimurium, murine infection models using this serovar have been widely used to decipher the immune mechanisms required to survive systemic salmonella infect ... | 2011 | 21912097 |
| Extended-spectrum ß-lactamases in German isolates belonging to the emerging monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:- European clone. | 2011 | 22058374 | |
| Biochemical and thermodynamic analyses of Salmonella enterica Pat, a multidomain, multimeric N(e)-lysine acetyltransferase involved in carbon and energy metabolism. | In the bacterium Salmonella enterica, the CobB sirtuin protein deacetylase and the Gcn5-related N(e)-acetyltransferase (GNAT) Pat control carbon utilization and metabolic flux via N(e)-lysine acetylation/deacetylation of metabolic enzymes. To date, the S. enterica Pat (SePat) acetyltransferase has not been biochemically characterized. Here we report the kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of the SePat enzyme using two of its substrates, acetyl coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) synthetase (Acs; AMP form ... | 2011 | 22010215 |
| excision of an unstable pathogenicity island in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is induced during infection of phagocytic cells. | the availability of the complete genome sequence of several salmonella enterica serovars has revealed the presence of unstable genetic elements in these bacteria, such as pathogenicity islands and prophages. this is the case of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis), a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans and systemic infection in mice. the whole genome sequence analysis for s. enteritidis unveiled the presence of several genetic regions that are absent in other salm ... | 2011 | 22039432 |
| inhibition of growth of pathogenic bacteria in raw milk by legume protein esters. | protein isolates from soybean and chickpea, as well as their methylated esters, were tested for their inhibitory action against the propagation of pathogenic bacteria in raw milk during its storage either at room temperature or under refrigeration. raw milk was inoculated with a mixed culture of listeria monocytogenes scott a and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain pt4 at ca. 2 log cfu ml⁻¹. aerobic plate count, coliform count, and presumptive e. coli in raw milk treated with esterifi ... | 2011 | 21902916 |
| Phenotypic and molecular characterization of human salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates in Slovakia. | Forty-three epidemiologically unrelated emerging Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- strains isolated during the period 2009-2010 in Slovakia were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Thirty-one isolates (72.1%) expressed resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfizoxazole, and tetracycline [R-type ASSuT]. The majority of the strains belonged to both definitive phage types DT193 (30.2%) and U311 (27.9%). Other phage types identified were U302 (6.9%), DT18 (4. ... | 2011 | 21909783 |
| Proteolytic targeting of Rab29 by an effector protein distinguishes the intracellular compartments of human-adapted and broad-host Salmonella. | Unlike broad-host Salmonella serovars, which cause self-limiting disease, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi can infect only humans causing typhoid fever, a life-threatening systemic disease. The molecular bases for these differences are presently unknown. Here we show that the GTPase Rab29 (Rab7L1) distinguishes the intracellular vacuole of human-adapted and broad-host Salmonella serovars. A screen to identify host factors required for the export of typhoid toxin, which is exclusively encoded by ... | 2011 | 22042847 |
| d-Fagomine lowers postprandial blood glucose and modulates bacterial adhesion. | d-Fagomine is an iminosugar originally isolated from seeds of buckwheat (Fagopyrum sculentum Moench), present in the human diet and now available as a pure crystalline product. We tested d-fagomine for activities connected to a reduction in the risk of developing insulin resistance, becoming overweight and suffering from an excess of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The activities were: intestinal sucrase inhibition in vitro (rat mucosa and everted intestine sleeves), modulation of postprandial ... | 2011 | 22017795 |
| Single nucleotide polypmorphisms of fimH associated with adherence and biofilm formation by serovars of Salmonella enterica. | Type 1 fimbriae produced by serovars of Salmonella are characterized by their ability to agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes in the absence of d-mannose but not in its presence. The FimH protein is the adhesin that mediates this reaction; it is distinct from the major fimbrial protei.n (FimA) that composes the fimbrial shaft. Avian-adapted serovars of Salmonella produce non-haemagglutinating fimbriae that have been reported to mediate adherence to avian cells. A single amino acid substitution is ... | 2011 | 21852351 |
| functional recruitment of human complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein to outer membrane protein rck of salmonella. | resistance to complement mediated killing, or serum resistance, is a common trait of pathogenic bacteria. rck is a 17 kda outer membrane protein encoded on the virulence plasmid of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis. when expressed in either e. coli or s. enterica typhimurium, rck confers lps-independent serum resistance as well as the ability to bind to and invade mammalian cells. having recently shown that rck binds the inhibitor of the alternative pathway of complement, ... | 2011 | 22102907 |
| Salmonella, the host and its microbiota. | The intestine is host to a diverse bacterial community whose structure, at the phylum level, is maintained through unknown mechanisms. Acute inflammation triggered by enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), is accompanied by changes in the bacterial community structure marked by an outgrowth of the pathogen. Recent studies show that S. Typhimurium can harness benefit from the host response to edge out the beneficial bacterial species that dominate in ... | 2011 | 22030447 |
| Changes in transcriptional orientation are associated with increases in evolutionary rates of enterobacterial genes. | Changes in transcriptional orientation ("CTOs") occur frequently in prokaryotic genomes. Such changes usually result from genomic inversions, which may cause a conflict between the directions of replication and transcription and an increase in mutation rate. However, CTOs do not always lead to the replication-transcription confrontation. Furthermore, CTOs may cause deleterious disruptions of operon structure and/or gene regulations. The currently existing CTOs may indicate relaxation of selectio ... | 2011 | 22152004 |
| cobalt stress in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica: molecular bases for toxicity and resistance. | cobalt (co) is present in trace amounts in the environment but it can be toxic when it accumulates in cells. the question of how co produces its toxic effects and how living organisms protect themselves from, and resist to, such a stress remains to be clarified. studies pertaining to these issues were recently carried out in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. iron-sulfur proteins were identified as primary targets of co ions. perturbation of iron homeostasis, oxidative stress and possible ... | 2011 | 21952637 |
| either periplasmic tethering or protease resistance is sufficient to allow a sodc to protect salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from phagocytic superoxide. | salmonella typhimurium combats phagocytic superoxide by producing the periplasmic superoxide dismutase, sodci. the homologous protein, sodcii, is also produced during infection, but does not contribute to virulence. the proteins physically differ in that sodci is dimeric, protease resistant and non-covalently tethered within the periplasm. conversely, sodcii is a protease-sensitive monomer that is released normally from the periplasm by osmotic shock. to identify which properties correlate with ... | 2011 | 22023457 |
| the conserved yjgf protein family deaminates enamine/imine intermediates of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme reactions. | the yjgf/yer057c/uk114 family of proteins is conserved in all domains of life, suggesting that the role of these proteins arose early and was maintained throughout evolution. metabolic consequences of lacking this protein in salmonella enterica and other organisms have been described, but the biochemical function of yjgf remained unknown. this work provides the first description of a conserved biochemical activity for the yjgf protein family. our data support the conclusion that yjgf proteins ha ... | 2011 | 22094463 |
| Salmonella effectors: important players modulating host cell function during infection. | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a Gram-negative facultative food-borne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans. This bacterium has evolved a sophisticated machinery to alter host cell function critical to its virulence capabilities. Central to S. Typhimurium pathogenesis are two Type III secretion systems (T3SS) encoded within pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2 that are responsible for the secretion and translocation of a set of bacterial proteins termed eff ... | 2011 | 21902796 |
| Characterization of bla(CMY)-Encoding Plasmids Among Salmonella Isolated in the United States in 2007. | Abstract Salmonella enterica is one of the most common bacterial causes of foodborne illness, and nontyphoidal Salmonella is estimated to cause ~1.2 million illnesses in the United States each year. Plasmids are mobile genetic elements that play a critical role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. AmpC-type CMY ß-lactamases (bla(CMY)) confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and ß-lactam/ß-lactamase inhibitor combinations and are commonly plasmid-encoded. ... | 2011 | 21883005 |
| Analysis of the expression, secretion and translocation of the Salmonella enterica type III secretion system effector SteA. | Many Gram-negative pathogens possess virulence-related type III secretion systems. Salmonella enterica uses two of these systems, encoded on the pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2, respectively, to translocate more than 30 effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. SteA is one of the few effectors that can be translocated by both systems. We investigated the conditions affecting the synthesis of this effector, its secretion to culture media and its translocation into host cells. Whereas st ... | 2011 | 22046414 |
| the transcript from the σ(28)-dependent promoter is translationally inert in the expression of the σ(28)-encoding gene flia in the fliaz operon of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | there are three classes of promoters for flagellar operons in salmonella. class 2 promoters are transcribed by σ(70) rna polymerase in the presence of an essential activator, flhd(4)c(2), and activated by an auxiliary regulator, fliz. class 3 promoters are transcribed by σ(28) rna polymerase and repressed by an anti-σ(28) factor, flgm. σ(28) (flia) and fliz are encoded by the flia and fliz genes, respectively, which together constitute an operon transcribed in this order. this operon is transcri ... | 2011 | 21908664 |
| salmonella type iii effector spvc, a phosphothreonine lyase, contributes to reduction in inflammatory response during intestinal phase of infection. | salmonella phosphothreonine lyase spvc inactivates the dual-phosphorylated host mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) through β-elimination. while spvc can be secreted in vitro by both salmonella pathogenicity island (spi)-1 and spi-2 type iii secretion systems (t3sss), translocation of this protein into the host cell cytosol has only been demonstrated by spi-2 t3ss. in this study, we show that spvc can be delivered into the host cell cytoplasm by both spi-1 and spi-2 t3sss. dephosphorylation ... | 2011 | 22188134 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the dnde protein from salmonella enterica serovar cerro 87, which is involved in dna phosphorothioation. | the phenomenon of dna phosphorothioation (dna sulfur modification) is widespread among prokaryotes and may serve as a mechanism to restrict gene transfer among bacteria. dnde is one of five essential proteins that are required for the dna phosphorothioation process. however, its exact biochemical role in sulfur modification of dna remains unclear. in this study, the dnde protein homologue from salmonella enterica serovar cerro 87 was overexpressed, purified and crystallized. the crystals of the ... | 2011 | 22102252 |
| [anti-cytokine activity of microorganisms]. | development of a method of determination of anti-cytokine activity (aca) of microorganisms, study of the prevalence and intensity of aca to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. | 2011 | 21913393 |
| reveal salmonella 2.0 test for detection of salmonella spp. in foods and environmental samples. performance tested method 960801. | reveal salmonella 2.0 is an improved version of the original reveal salmonella lateral flow immunoassay and is applicable to the detection of salmonella enterica serogroups a-e in a variety of food and environmental samples. a performance tested method validation study was conducted to compare performance of the reveal 2.0 method with that of the u.s. department of agriculture-food safety and inspection service or u.s. food and drug administration/bacteriological analytical manual reference cult ... | 2011 | 22165011 |
| naturally occurring motility-defective mutants of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated preferentially from nonhuman rather than human sources. | salmonellosis represents a worldwide health problem because it is one of the major causes of food-borne disease. although motility is postulated as an important salmonella virulence attribute, there is little information about variation in motility in natural isolates. here we report the identification of a point mutation (t551 → g) in mota, a gene essential for flagellar rotation, in several salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis field isolates. this mutation results in bacteria that can biosy ... | 2011 | 21926214 |
| malaria impairs resistance to salmonella through heme- and heme oxygenase-dependent dysfunctional granulocyte mobilization. | in sub-saharan africa, invasive nontyphoid salmonella (nts) infection is a common and often fatal complication of plasmodium falciparum infection. induction of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) mediates tolerance to the cytotoxic effects of heme during malarial hemolysis but might impair resistance to nts by limiting production of bactericidal reactive oxygen species. we show that co-infection of mice with plasmodium yoelii 17xnl (py17xnl) and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium 12023 (salmonella typh ... | 2011 | 22179318 |
| similarity of genes horizontally acquired by escherichia coli and salmonella enterica is evidence of a supraspecies pangenome. | most bacterial and archaeal genomes contain many genes with little or no similarity to other genes, a property that impedes identification of gene origins. by comparing the codon usage of genes shared among strains (primarily vertically inherited genes) and genes unique to one strain (primarily recently horizontally acquired genes), we found that the plurality of unique genes in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica are much more similar to each other than are their vertically inherited genes ... | 2011 | 22128332 |
| antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of non-typhoidal salmonella isolates in the gambia and senegal. | the prevalence of virulence genes in non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) and its association with commonly used antibiotics in west africa is unknown. | 2011 | 22112729 |
| engineered salmonella allows real-time heterologous gene expression monitoring within infected zebrafish embryos. | microbial host-pathogen interactions have been traditionally well studied at genetic and physiological levels, but cell-resolution analyses have been particularly scarce. this has been especially remarkable for intracellular parasites for two major reasons: first, the inherent loss of bacteria traceability once infects its hosts; second and more important, the limited availability of genetic tools that allow a tight regulated expression of bacterial virulence genes once inside the host tissues. ... | 2011 | 22178780 |
| survival and heat resistance of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 in peanut butter. | significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the survival rates of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 in peanut butter with different formulations and water activity. high carbohydrate content in peanut butter and low incubation temperature resulted in higher levels of bacterial survival during storage but lower levels of bacterial resistance to heat treatment. | 2011 | 21965404 |
| evolution of salmonella nomenclature: a critical note. | salmonellae are widely distributed but nomenclaturally controversial pathogens of both humans and animals. despite elaborate studies, much still remain to be discovered about these organisms. although salmonella nomenclature has proved to be rather complex, in 2005, salmonella enterica finally gained official approval as the type species of the genus salmonella. in addition, one other species has been approved and recognised in the genus salmonella, namely, salmonella bongori. new serovars (sero ... | 2011 | 22052214 |
| developing next generation antimicrobials by intercepting ai-2 mediated quorum sensing. | bacteria have been evolving antibiotic resistance since their discovery in the early twentieth century. most new antibiotics are derivatives of older generations and there are now bacteria that are virtually resistant to almost all antibiotics. this poses a global threat to human health and has been classified as a clinical "super-challenge", which has necessitated research into new antimicrobials that inhibit bacterial virulence while minimizing selective pressures that lead to the emergence of ... | 2011 | 22112397 |
| screening, phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from typhoid asymptomatic carriers. | to isolate the salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) from asymptomatic typhoid carriers in the local population. to assess the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of s. typhi isolates against viable antibiotics and phylogenetic analysis of s. typhi isolates on the basis of 16s rdna gene. | 2011 | 22014730 |
| the stepone real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of salmonella sp., salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium and enteritidis in milk and meat. | the aim of this study was to follow contamination of ready to eat milk and meat products with salmonella spp. by using the stepone real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). classical microbiological methods for detection of foodborne bacteria involve the use of pre-enrichment and/or specific enrichment, following isolation of bacteria in solid media and the final confirmation by biochemical and/or serological tests. we used the prepseq rapid spin sample preparation kit for isolation of dna and ... | 2011 | 21879831 |
| evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis. | an immunochromatographic assay was developed to detect salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis in a single strip. the assay was constructed in the form of a sandwich, using 2 specific anti-s. typhimurium and anti-s. enteritidis antibodies immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane at separated test lines, while the other specific antibody to salmonella spp. was conjugated with gold nanoparticles. the test strips can immediately detect s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis specifically ... | 2011 | 21908327 |
| death receptor 3 is essential for generating optimal protective cd4(+) t-cell immunity against salmonella. | the tnf receptor superfamily member death receptor 3 (dr3) exacerbates th2 and th17-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, yet no role in host defence has been reported. here we examined the role of dr3 during infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. infection resulted in protracted expression of the dr3 ligand tl1a but not the related tnf superfamily proteins ox40l or cd30l. tl1a expression was localized to splenic f4/80(+) macrophages where s. enterica typhimurium rep ... | 2011 | 22120936 |
| identification of tumor-specific salmonella typhimurium promoters and their regulatory logic. | conventional cancer therapies are often limited in effectiveness and exhibit strong side effects. therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies are demanded. the employment of tumor-colonizing bacteria that exert anticancer effects is such a novel approach that attracts increasing attention. for instance, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has been used in many animal tumor models as well as in first clinical studies. these bacteria exhibit inherent tumoricidal effects. in addition, they ca ... | 2011 | 22140114 |
| leaching of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, escherichia coli, and a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage through intact soil cores following surface application and injection of slurry. | increasing amounts of livestock manure are being applied to agricultural soil, but it is unknown to what extent this may be associated with contamination of aquatic recipients and groundwater if microorganisms are transported through the soil under natural weather conditions. the objective of this study was therefore to evaluate how injection and surface application of pig slurry on intact sandy clay loam soil cores influenced the leaching of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage ... | 2011 | 21948848 |
| direct feeding of microencapsulated bacteriophages to reduce salmonella colonization in pigs. | salmonella shedding often increases in pigs after transportation and/or lairage. we previously showed that administering anti-salmonella bacteriophages to pigs by gavage significantly reduced salmonella colonization when the pigs were exposed to a salmonella-contaminated holding pen. here we tested whether a microencapsulated phage cocktail would remain effective if the treatment was administered to pigs in the feed. pigs (n=21) were randomly placed into three groups: feed, gavage, and control. ... | 2011 | 21854261 |
| integrating global regulatory input into the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium uses the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) type iii secretion system to induce inflammatory diarrhea and bacterial uptake into intestinal epithelial cells. the expression of hila, encoding the transcriptional activator of the spi1 structural genes, is directly controlled by three arac-like regulators, hild, hilc, and rtsa, each of which can activate the hild, hilc, rtsa, and hila genes, forming a complex feed-forward regulatory loop. a large number ... | 2011 | 22021388 |
| salmonella enterica in swine production: assessing the association between amplified fragment length polymorphism and epidemiological units of concern. | the aims of this study were to determine the ability of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) to differentiate salmonella isolates from different units of swine production and to demonstrate the relatedness of salmonella between farms and abattoirs by aflp. twenty-four farms in the midwestern united states were visited four times from 2006 to 2009. at each farm or abattoir visit, 30 fecal samples or 30 mesenteric lymph nodes were collected, respectively. a total of 220 salmonella isolate ... | 2011 | 21948822 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, typhimurium and gallinarum. | salmonella enterica includes several related serovars which have different host ranges and cause diseases of different severities. however, their pathogenic potential is unknown, and it is not clear what mechanisms are activated or inhibited during adaptation to a specific host environment. some proteins are involved in the mechanism of pathogenicity at a molecular level and provide the functional aspects that create the diverse phenotypes. to compare proteomic analyses of the total proteins of ... | 2011 | 21997235 |
| fate of pathogens in a simulated bioreduction system for livestock carcasses. | the eu animal by-products regulations generated the need for novel methods of storage and disposal of dead livestock. bioreduction prior to rendering or incineration has been proposed as a practical and potentially cost-effective method; however, its biosecurity characteristics need to be elucidated. to address this, salmonella enterica (serovars senftenberg and poona), enterococcus faecalis, campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and a lux-marked strain of escherichia coli o157 were inoculate ... | 2011 | 22119516 |
| the role of rama on the development of ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | active efflux pump is a primary fluoroquinolone resistant mechanism of clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. rama is an essential element in producing multidrug resistant (mdr) s. enterica serovar typhimurium. the aim of the present study was to elucidate the roles of rama on the development of ciprofloxacin, the first choice for the treatment of salmonellosis, resistance in s. enterica serovar typhimurium. spontaneous mutants were selected via several passages of s. ente ... | 2011 | 21858134 |
| methodologies for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica subtyping: gold standards and alternatives. | for more than 80 years, subtyping of salmonella enterica has been routinely performed by serotyping, a method in which surface antigens are identified based on agglutination reactions with specific antibodies. the serotyping scheme, which is continuously updated as new serovars are discovered, has generated over time a data set of the utmost significance, allowing long-term epidemiological surveillance of salmonella in the food chain and in public health control. conceptually, serotyping provide ... | 2011 | 21856826 |
| acra dependency of the acrd efflux pump in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | multidrug efflux pumps belonging to the resistance-nodulation cell division (rnd) family have major roles in the intrinsic and elevated resistance of gram-negative bacteria to a wide range of compounds. rnd efflux pumps require two other proteins to function: a membrane fusion protein (mfp) and an outer membrane protein. a recent study demonstrated that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has five rnd efflux systems: acrab, acrd, acref, mdtabc and mdsabc. most rnd efflux system genes also co ... | 2011 | 21505470 |
| comparative analysis of the bacterial flora of vegetables collected directly from farms and from supermarkets in germany. | a total of 1,001 vegetables were collected from 13 farms and 11 supermarkets in bavaria, germany; 722 samples were positive for coliforms (mostly enterobacter cloacae; n = 176). escherichia coli were detected in 34, pseudomonas spp. in 439, salmonella spp. in 1, enterococcus spp. in 682, and listeria spp. in 11 samples. prevalence of all investigated genera tended to be lower in samples collected at the supermarket. however, prevalence of pseudomonas fluorescens was higher in supermarket samples ... | 2011 | 21506036 |
| activation of cryptic aminoglycoside resistance in salmonella enterica. | aminoglycoside resistance in bacteria can be acquired by several mechanisms, including drug modification, target alteration, reduced uptake and increased efflux. here we demonstrate that increased resistance to the aminoglycosides streptomycin and spectinomycin in salmonella enterica can be conferred by increased expression of an aminoglycoside adenyl transferase encoded by the cryptic, chromosomally located aada gene. during growth in rich medium the wild-type strain was susceptible but mutatio ... | 2011 | 21507083 |
| biofilm formation by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium colonizing solid tumours. | systemic administration of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to tumour bearing mice results in preferential colonization of the tumours and retardation of tumour growth. although the bacteria are able to invade the tumour cells in vitro, in tumours they were never detected intracellularly. ultrastructural analysis of salmonella-colonized tumours revealed that the bacteria had formed biofilms. interestingly, depletion of neutrophilic granulocytes drastically reduced biofilm formation. obvio ... | 2011 | 21507181 |
| national outbreak of salmonella enteritidis phage type 14b in england, september to december 2009: case-control study. | we conducted an unmatched retrospective case–control study to investigate an upsurge of non-travel-related sporadic cases of infection with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis phage type 14b with antimicrobial resistance to nalidixic acid and partial resistance to ciprofloxacin (s. enteritidis pt 14b nxcp(l)) that was reported in england from 1 september to 31 december 2009. we analysed data from 63 cases and 108 controls to determine whether cases had the same sources of in ... | 2011 | 21507321 |
| structural basis for microcin c7 inactivation by the mcce acetyltransferase. | the antibiotic microcin c7 (mcc) acts as a bacteriocide by inhibiting aspartyl trna synthetase, and stalling the protein translation machinery. mcc is synthesized as a heptapeptide-nucleotide conjugate, which is processed by cellular peptidases within target strains to yield the biologically active compound. as unwanted processing of intact mcc can result in self-toxicity, producing strains utilize multiple mechanisms for autoimmunity against processed mcc. we have previously shown that the mcce ... | 2011 | 21507941 |
| effect of the growth environment on the strain variability of salmonella enterica kinetic behavior. | intra-species variability of microbial growth kinetic behavior is an event with important implications for food safety research. aiming at the evaluation of the growth variability among salmonella enterica strains as affected by the growth environment, the kinetic behavior of 60 isolates of the pathogen was assessed at 37 °c in tryptone soy broth of different ph values (4.3-7.0) and nacl concentrations (0.5-6.0%). maximum specific growth rate (μ(max)) values corresponding to each strain and grow ... | 2011 | 21511146 |
| purification, amino acid sequence and characterization of the class iia bacteriocin weissellin a, produced by weissella paramesenteroides dx. | weissella paramesenteroides dx has been shown to produce a 4450-da class iia bacteriocin, weissellin a, composed of 43 amino acids with the sequence knygngvycnkhkcsvdwatfsaniannsvamagltggnagn. the bacteriocin shares 68% similarity with leucocin c from leuconostoc mesenteroides. computational analyses predict that the bacteriocin is a hydrophobic molecule with a beta-sheet type conformation. weissellin a exhibited various levels of activity against all gram-positive bacteria tested, but was not a ... | 2011 | 21511463 |
| contribution of the phop/q regulon to survival and replication of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in macrophages. | the ability of serovars of salmonella enterica to cause systemic disease is dependent upon their survival and replication within macrophages. to do this, bacteria must withstand or surmount bacteriostatic and bactericidal responses by the host cell, including the delivery of hydrolytic enzymes from lysosomes to the phagosome. the bacterial two component regulatory system, phop/q, has been implicated in avoidance of phagolysosomal fusion by s. enterica serovar typhimurium in murine macrophages. i ... | 2011 | 21511762 |
| rapid screening of epidemiologically important salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars using whole-cell maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | currently, 2,610 different salmonella serovars are described according to the white-kauffmann-le minor scheme. they are routinely differentiated by serotyping, which is based on the antigenic variability at lipopolysaccharide moieties (o antigens), flagellar proteins (h1 and h2 antigens), and capsular polysaccharides (vi antigens). the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for rapid screening and identification of epidemiologically important salmonella en ... | 2011 | 21515723 |
| low expression of acrb in the deoxycholate-sensitive strains of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar pullorum. | we investigated the mechanism responsible for bile susceptibility in three deoxycholate-sensitive (dcs) strains of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar pullorum isolated in 1958 in japan. of the genes encoding the acrab-tolc efflux system, the expression of acrb mrna was 10-fold lower in the dcs strains than in a deoxycholate-resistant (dcr) strain, whereas those of the acra and tolc genes were two-fold lower. these results suggested that low expression of acrb was strongly correlated ... | 2011 | 21517946 |
| integration of a complex regulatory cascade involving the sira/bara and csr global regulatory systems that controls expression of the salmonella spi-1 and spi-2 virulence regulons through hild. | salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi-1 and spi-2) play key roles in the pathogenesis of salmonella enterica. previously, we showed that when salmonella grows in luria-bertani medium, hild, encoded in spi-1, first induces the expression of hila, located in spi-1, and subsequently of the ssrab operon, located in spi-2. these genes code for hila and the ssra/b two-component system, the positive regulators of the spi-1 and spi-2 regulons respectively. in this study, we demonstrate that csra ... | 2011 | 21518393 |
| outbreak of salmonella braenderup infection originating in boxed lunches in japan in 2008. | there have been only 2 reports of a large-scale foodborne outbreak arising from salmonella enterica serotype braenderup infection worldwide. on august 9, 2008, an outbreak originating in boxed lunches occurred in okayama, japan. we conducted a cohort study of 786 people who received boxed lunches from a particular catering company and collected 644 questionnaires (response rate:82%). cases were defined as those presenting with diarrhea (≧4 times in 24h) or fever (≧38℃) between 12 am on august 8 ... | 2011 | 21519363 |
| antibacterial activity of different honeys against pathogenic bacteria. | to study the antimicrobial activity of honey, 60 samples of various botanical origin were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against 16 clinical pathogens and their respective reference strains. the microbiological quality of honeys and the antibiotic susceptibility of the various isolates were also examined. the bioassay applied for determining the antimicrobial effect employs the well-agar diffusion method and the estimation of minimum active dilution which produces a 1mm diameter in ... | 2011 | 21524711 |
| presence and distribution of fungi and bacteria in the reproductive tract of healthy stallions. | a saprophytic bacterial flora is present on the penis and the distal part of the urethra of stallions. little is known about the fungal flora of their reproductive tract. as micro organisms play an important role in mares fertility, the aim of the study was to describe the distribution of fungi and bacteria in the normal genital apparatus of stallions. the microbic flora of the reproductive tract of 11 healthy, fertile stallions was evaluated, collecting samples from 5 different locations: ureth ... | 2011 | 21529914 |
| the x-ray structure of the zinc transporter znua from salmonella enterica discloses a unique triad of zinc-coordinating histidines. | znua is the soluble component of the high-affinity znuabc zinc transporter belonging to the cluster 9 group of atp-binding cassette-type periplasmic zn- and mn-binding proteins. in gram-negative bacteria, the znuabc system is essential for zinc uptake and homeostasis and is an important determinant of bacterial resistance to the host defense mechanisms. the cluster 9 members share a two (α/β)(4) domain architecture with a long α-helix connecting the two domains. in the zn-specific proteins, the ... | 2011 | 21530543 |
| a discriminant based charge deconvolution analysis pipeline for protein profiling of whole cell extracts using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | a discriminant based charge deconvolution analysis pipeline is proposed. the molecular weight determination (mowed) charge deconvolution method was applied directly to the discrimination rules obtained by the fuzzy rule-building expert system (fures) pattern classifier. this approach was demonstrated with synthetic electrospray ionization-mass spectra. identification of the tentative protein biomarkers by bacterial cell extracts of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains a1 and a19 by li ... | 2011 | 21530796 |
| gatifloxacin versus chloramphenicol for uncomplicated enteric fever: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. | we aimed to investigate whether gatifloxacin, a new generation and affordable fluoroquinolone, is better than chloramphenicol for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in children and adults. | 2011 | 21531174 |