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effects of extraction conditions on the sensory and instrumental characteristics of fish gelatin gels.fish skin gelatin has recently been of interest as a product that eliminates religious concerns (jewish and muslim) and could be an alternative value-added product from fish waste. recent research has shown that extraction conditions affect gelatin quality. in this study, gelatin from asian silver carp skin and extracted under different conditions have been studied sensory properties using descriptive analysis and time intensity testing to determine how extraction conditions affect gelatin senso ...201621535620
complete mitochondrial genomes of domesticated and wild common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).glass red common carp (cyprinus carpio var. wananensis) were occasionally found among wild common carp (cyprinus carpio) 50 years ago. in this paper, we determined the complete sequences of glass red common carp and wild common carp mitogenomes. both mitogenomes exhibited the same length of 16,581 bp, order in 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, 2 rrna genes and 1 control region. the sequence similarity between them reached 99.62% and 100% in 21 trna genes (excluding trna(ser)) and 2 protein ...201624438270
genetic stock structure of osteobrama belangeri (valenciennes, 1844) in indian region.osteobrama belangeri is an important medium carp endemic to manipur state in india myanmar and yunnan province of china. although the species is listed as near threatened species according to iucn status with sizeable population available in myanmar, it is extinct in the wild in manipur. an 842 bp segment atp synthase 6/8 region of mtdna was sequenced and analysed for 56 o. belangeri individuals. analysis of population differentiation showed no significant genetic differentiation between the fou ...201624521501
complete mitochondrial genome of yangtze river wild common carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) and russian scattered scale mirror carp (cyprinus carpio carpio).we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) and russian scattered scale mirror carp (cyprinus carpio carpio). comparison of these two mitogenomes revealed that the mitogenomes of these two common carp strains were remarkably similar in genome length, gene order and content, and at content. there were only 55 bp variations in 16,581 nucleotides. about 1 bp variation was located in rrnas, 2 bp in trnas, 9 bp in the control region and 43 bp in protein-coding genes. furt ...201624521500
complete mitochondrial genome of xingguo red carp (cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis) and purse red carp (cyprinus carpio var. wuyuanensis).the complete mitochondrial genomes of xingguo red carp (cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis) and purse red carp (cyprinus carpio var. wuyuanensis) were sequenced. comparison of these two mitochondrial genomes revealed that the mtdnas of these two common carp varieties were remarkably similar in genome length, gene order and content, and at content. however, size variation between these two mitochondrial genomes presented here showed 39 site differences in overall length. about 2 site differences w ...201624521498
[selective feeding in fish: effect of feeding and defensive motivations evoked by natural odors].the effect of feeding and defensive motivations evoked by natural olfactory signals (the food odor, the alarm pheromone) on choice and consumption of food items different in color and taste, and the manifestation of foraging behavior were examined in fish (koi cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus). the agar-agar pellets of red and green color having one of the amino acids (glycine, l-proline, l-alanine; all in concentration of 0.1 m) were simultaneously offered to single fishes in pure water, ...201626201217
initial development of prochilodus hartii (pisces: prochilodontidae) submitted to induced reproduction.the prochilodontidae prepare for reproduction in captivity, but neither ovulation nor spawning occurs, thus requiring induced reproduction for breeding and restocking. this study analyzed for the first time the embryogenesis and larval ontogeny of p. hartii submitted to induced reproduction by hypophysation with crude common carp pituitary extract. the extrusion of oocytes and sperm was performed manually and fertilization was done using the dry method. after fertilization, the eggs were kept in ...201626199056
pthrp attenuates osteoblast cell death and apoptosis induced by a novel class of anti-cancer agents.the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents often limits their use due to their negative effects on normal cells. apoptosis regulatory protein (carp)-1 functional mimetics (cfms) belong to a novel class of compounds that possess anti-cancer properties with potential utility in breast and other cancers. in this study, we investigated the growth inhibitory action of cfm-4 and -5 in bone-forming osteoblasts and role of a skeletal regulator, parathyroid hormone (pth)-related peptide (pthrp), which ...201626260694
a novel environmental dna approach to quantify the cryptic invasion of non-native genotypes.the invasion of non-native species that are closely related to native species can lead to competitive elimination of the native species and/or genomic extinction through hybridization. such invasions often become serious before they are detected, posing unprecedented threats to biodiversity. a japanese native strain of common carp (cyprinus carpio) has become endangered owing to the invasion of non-native strains introduced from the eurasian continent. here, we propose a rapid environmental dna- ...201626307935
identification and characterization of alpha-i-proteinase inhibitor from common carp sarcoplasmic proteins.purification of proteinase inhibitor from common carp (cyprinus carpio) sarcoplasmic proteins resulted in 2.8% yield with purification fold of 111. two inhibitors, namely inhibitor i and ii, exhibited molecular mass of 47 and 52 kda, respectively, based on non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. both inhibitors i and ii were identified to be alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-pi) based on lc-ms/ms. they were glycoproteins and molecular mass after peptide-n-glycosida ...201626304452
in vivo studies on hepato-renal impairments in freshwater fish cyprinus carpio following exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide.reactive oxygen species is an inevitable composite of aerobic systems that could channelize their lethality by imparting oxidative stress under a stressful environment. cyanide is an important environmental toxicant that could be responsible in the resulting detrimental health issues of aquatic fauna. the present effort investigates the possibilities of hepato-renal damage in freshwater fish cyprinus carpio following exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide (nacn). fish were expose ...201626335525
molecular characterization of beclin 1 in rare minnow (gobiocypris rarus) and its expression after waterborne cadmium exposure.beclin 1 plays an important role in autophagy and apoptosis which are well documented in mammals. however, relevant reports are rare in fish. this study characterized beclin 1 of the rare minnow gobiocypris rarus (rmbeclin 1), which encodes a peptide of 447 amino acids using rt-pcr and race. the deduced peptide showed 96.4 and 80.8% similarity to beclin 1 of common carp and human, respectively. semiquantitative rt-pcr revealed that rmbeclin 1 was ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues of m ...201626347097
antibodies against carbamylated proteins are present in primary sjögren's syndrome and are associated with disease severity.herein, we investigate the presence and prognostic value of autoantibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) in the serum of patients with primary sjögren's syndrome (pss).201626350884
effects of the terbuthylazine metabolite terbuthylazine-desethyl on common carp embryos and larvae.toxicity of terbuthylazine-desethyl to embryos and larvae of common carp (cyprinus carpio) was assessed. based on mortality, the lethal concentration of terbuthylazine-desethyl was estimated to be 31days lc50=441.6μg/l. carp exposed to terbuthylazine-desethyl at 1800μg/l exhibited lower weight and length at 7days of exposure compared to the control group. by day 20, carp exposed to 900μg/l terbuthylazine-desethyl showed lower weight and length compared to control group. terbuthylazine-desethyl i ...201626363394
jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) intestinal immune responses, antioxidant status and tight junction protein mrna expression are modulated via nrf2 and pkc in response to dietary arginine deficiency.this study investigated the effect of dietary arginine on the immune response, antioxidant status and tight junction mrna expression in the intestine of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). a total of 1200 juvenile jian carp with an average initial weight of 6.33 ± 0.03 g were fed graded levels of arginine (9.8-24.5 g kg(-1) diet) for nine weeks. the study showed that arginine deficiency up-regulated interleukin 1, interleukin 8 and transforming growth factor-β and down-regulated tumo ...201626518504
response of plasma copper, ceruloplasmin, iron and ions in carp, cyprinus carpio to waterborne copper ion and nanoparticle exposure.in this study, cyprinus carpio was exposed to 0.25mgl(-1) copper as either copper sulfate (cuso4) or copper oxide nanoparticles (nano-cu), and 25mgl(-1) copper as nano-cu for 14days. cuso4 and high concentration of nano-cu led to a significant increase in plasma total copper levels. plasma free copper levels increased significantly in all copper-exposed treatments. except for low concentration of nano-cu after 7 and 14days, copper exposure generally led to a significant decrease in plasma cerulo ...201626408942
effects of phenol on ovarian p450arom gene expression and aromatase activity in vivo and antioxidant metabolism in common carp cyprinus carpio.ovarian cyp19a mrna expression and p450 aromatase activity were measured in vivo in common carp cyprinus carpio exposed to phenol for 96 h. production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and parameters of antioxidant defense system in serum ovary and liver of this fish after long-term phenol exposure were also studied. in vivo exposure of fish to sublethal dose of phenol for 96 h caused marked attenuation of ovarian cyp19a1a gene expression and p450 aromatase activity. production of ros like hydrog ...201626403910
alteration of cytochrome p450 1 regulation and hsp 70 level in brain of juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) after chronic exposure to tributyltin.tributyltin (tbt), a toxic contaminant in aquatic environments, has bio-accumulated in aquatic food webs throughout the world and can be found at toxic levels in some biota. however, the molecular mechanisms and effects of tbt are not fully understood. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of long-term exposure of tbt on cytochrome p450 (cyp450) 1 regulation and heat-shock proteins (hsps) profiling in brain of freshwater teleost. the effects of long-term exposure to tbt on m ...201626400268
perturbation of xenobiotic metabolism in dreissena polymorpha model exposed in situ to surface water (lake trasimene) purified with various disinfectants.sanitation is of crucial importance for the microbiological safety of drinking water. however, chlorination of water rich in organic material produces disinfection by-products (dbps), many of which have been reported to be mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds such as haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes. epidemiological studies have suggested a link between drinking water consumption and cancer. we previously observed that cyprinus carpio fish exposed to dbps, may be subject to epigenetic eff ...201626397472
the primary culture of carp (cyprinus carpio) macrophages and the verification of its phagocytosis activity.this study establishes the primary culture method for red carp (cyprinus carpio) macrophages in vitro and lays the foundation for further research in the fish immune system. the healthy adult red carp was chosen, and mechanical separation and cell adherent culture methods were used to isolate the primary macrophages. compared to the traditional method of percoll discontinuous density gradient isolation, the protocol we reported here makes cell isolation steps more concise and obtains more health ...201626427708
toxicity of tributyltin in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio): physiological responses, hepatic gene expression, and stress protein profiling.in this study, the effects of tributyltin (tbt) on biochemical parameters (antioxidant responses and na(+) -k(+) -atpase) in different tissues were investigated by using juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) as well as growth and ion regulation-related genes expression and stress-related proteins profiling in fish liver. oxidative stress indices and na(+) -k(+) -atpase showed tissues-specific responses in fish exposed to different tbt concentrations. all tested genes related to gh/igf-i axis an ...201626418422
effects of chronic exposure to tributyltin on tissue-specific cytochrome p450 1 regulation in juvenile common carp.1. the purpose of this study was to compare tributyltin (tbt)-induced cytochrome p450 1 (cyp450 1) regulation in liver, gills and muscle of juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio). 2. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of tbt (75, 0.75 and 7.5 μg/l) for 60 days. cyp450 1a was measured at the enzyme activity level as 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, as well as the mrna expression of cyp450 1 family genes (cyp1a, cyp1b, cyp1c1 and cyp1c2) in fish tissues. 3. based on the r ...201626446983
male gender is associated with a high risk for chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis and ileal pouch anastomotic sinus.the impact of gender on the development of chronic ileal pouch disorders following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (ipaa) has not been evaluated. this study was aimed to assess the association between gender and pouch outcomes.201626446071
anticarbamylated protein antibodies are associated with long-term disability and increased disease activity in patients with early inflammatory arthritis: results from the norfolk arthritis register.anticarbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies are a novel family of autoantibodies recently identified in patients with inflammatory arthritis. the aim of this study was to investigate their association with long-term outcomes of disability and disease activity over 20 years' follow-up in a cohort of patients with inflammatory polyarthritis (ip).201626443608
protective action of the phyllanthin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in cyprinus carpio.the present study was to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of phyllanthin against carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced hepatocyte damage in carp. phyllanthin (5, 10, and 15 μg/ml) was added to carp primary hepatocytes before (pre-treatment) and after (post-treatment) incubation of the hepatocytes in medium containing ccl4 at 8 mm; supernatant and cell were collected for the analyses of cell viability, biochemical parameters, and gene expression. the results showed that phyl ...201626481798
gymnocypris przewalskii decreases cytosolic carbonic anhydrase expression to compensate for respiratory alkalosis and osmoregulation in the saline-alkaline lake qinghai.naked carp (gymnocypris przewalskii), endemic to the saline-alkaline lake qinghai, have the capacity to tolerate combined high salinity and alkalinity, but migrate to spawn in freshwater rivers each year. in this study, the full-length cdna of the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase c isoform of g. przewalskii (gpcac) was amplified and sequenced; mrna levels and enzyme activity of gpcac and blood chemistry were evaluated to understand the compensatory responses as the naked carp returned to the saline- ...201626475604
antioxidant properties of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) protein ex vivo and in vitro hydrolysates.the presence of specific peptides with antioxidant properties released during carp protein ex vivo and in vitro hydrolysis by human/porcine digestive enzymes, respectively, was examined. based on the results of the in silico data analysis, antioxidant peptides were selected for subsequent identification in the digests/hydrolysates. carp proteins were more resistant to hydrolysis by porcine enzymes than by human digestive juices. the sarcoplasmic proteins were hydrolyzed faster than the myofibril ...201626471617
preliminary study on nematocyst types and venom isolation of cassiopea andromeda forskål, 1775 (scyphozoa, cnidaria) from turkey.nematocyst types of cassiopea andromeda were investigated. medusae samples were taken from güllük bay, muğla, turkey. nematocyst samples from oral arms of c. andromeda were observed on light microscope and photographed. birhopaloid and a-isorhiza nematocyst types were found in c. andromeda. moreover, it was seen that nematocyst sizes increased with increasing the bell diameters of the individuals. also, the venom of the species was isolated and injected intramuscularly to cyprinus carpio juvenil ...201626511919
a study of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced liver injury in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) using precision-cut liver slices.the aim of this study was to establish a model for the study of liver injury induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) in jian carp using precision-cut liver slices (pcls). pcls were treated with tcdd at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 μg/l for 6 h, followed by collection of the culture supernatant and pcls for analysis. several biochemical indices were analyzed, including glutamic pyruvic transaminase (gpt), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (got), lactate dehydrogenase ...201626508429
sustainable farming practices of the chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis) around hongze lake, lower yangtze river basin, china.results of a survey of 156 chinese mitten crab (eriocheir sinensis) grow-out farms around hongze lake (118.48-118.72°e; 33.36-33.38°n) are reported. area farmed has remained relatively unchanged but production (59 932 t in 2012) increased steadily over the last 7 years, indicative of the viability and sustainability of the farming system that has gradually replaced intensive chinese major carp polyculture around hongze lake. results showed that production range was 135-2400 kg ha(-1) cycle(-1) ( ...201626508174
new type of pathogenicity of thelohanellus kitauei egusa & nakajima, 1981 infecting the skin of common carp cyprinus carpio l.thelohanellus kitauei egusa & nakajima, 1981 is a common parasite infecting the intestine of common carp cyprinus carpio l., resulting in mass mortality or loss of economic value of cultured carp. in the present study, t. kitauei infecting host skin was detected. the morphological, molecular and histological data of this parasite in the new organ record are presented. morphological analysis showed the current specimen morphologically similar to t. kitauei from the intestine. despite the spore le ...201626537837
effects of biofloc on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and liver histology of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings in zero-water exchange system.biofloc technology is considered as a method that degrades organic waste by microorganisms and produces microbial flocs. a 30-day experiment was performed to investigate the effects of partial replacement of daily feeding intake with biofloc on the growth performances, digestive enzymes activity and liver histology of the common carp cyprinus carpio l. fingerlings. two hundred and eight healthy fingerlings (58.6 ± 0.2 g) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks (30 l) at a density of 25.4 kg m(-3) ...201626530301
anti-carbamylated protein antibody levels correlate with anti-sa (citrullinated vimentin) antibody levels in rheumatoid arthritis.the presence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (acpa) in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) indicates a breach in immune tolerance. recent studies indicate that this breach extends to homocitrullination of lysines with the formation of anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies. we analyzed the clinical and serologic relationships of anti-carp in 2 ra cohorts.201626669911
comparison of species sensitivity distributions constructed with predicted acute toxicity data from interspecies correlation estimation models and measured acute data for benzo[a]pyrene.benzo[a]pyrene (bap) is a priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah), which is toxic to aquatic organisms and has been widely detected in the environment. however, ecological risk assessment for bap is hard to perform because of the absence of water quality criteria (wqc) and lack of toxicity data for this chemical. to fill in the data gaps, a interspecies correlation estimation (ice) model was developed by usepa to predict toxicity values for multiple species from the toxicity estimate for ...201626595312
a transcriptome resource for common carp after growth hormone stimulation.growth is one of the most important phenotypes for aquaculture and is thus a subject of great interest for researchers. growth hormone (gh) is a key peptide controlling the growth of various fish species. to understand transcriptome changes induced by gh, common carp was injected with 2 μg/g gh and tissue isolated after 6h. rna-seq was performed to estimate the effects of gh on gene expression in hepatic tissues. the results revealed that gh regulated the expression of multiple genes, including ...201626590018
attempts to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency of aquaponics through nitrifies addition and filler gradation.aquaponics has attracted worldwide attention in recent years and is considered as an alternative technology for conventional aquaculture. in this study, common carp (cyprinus carpio) and pakchoi (brassica chinensis) were cultured in lab-scale aquaponics, and attempts were conducted to enhance its nitrogen utilization efficiency (nue) through two optimization methods, i.e., nitrifies addition (na) and filler gradation (fg). results showed that na and fg could improve the nue of aquaponics by 8.8 ...201626645232
the complete mitogenome of an australian carp gudgeon, hybridogenetic biotype hahb (hypseleotris: eleotridae).the complete mitochondrial genome was determined for a member of the australian carp gudgeon species complex (hypseleotris: eleotridae). the 16 506 bp genome was recovered by direct shotgun sequencing of a wild-caught f1 hybrid male, and it contains the typical vertebrate arrangement of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, 2 rrna genes, and a control region. this is the first published mitogenome for the genus hypseleotris and will be useful for evolutionary studies of the carp gudgeon comple ...201626643618
the effects of ciprofloxacin on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio).the authors performed a toxicity test with ciprofloxacin in fertilized eggs of common carp according to guideline 210 of the organisation for economic co-operation and development. the tested concentrations were 1 μg l(-1) , 100 μg l(-1) , 500 μg l(-1) , 1000 μg l(-1) , and 3000 μg l(-1) . accelerated hatching was found in all groups exposed to ciprofloxacin, but significant growth reduction was found only in the group exposed to the highest concentration (3000 μg l(-1) ). increased numbers of m ...201626632160
effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on autophagy-related genes in the brain of common carp: health-risk assessments.this study assessed the impacts of atrazine (atr), chlorpyrifos (cpf), and a combined atr/cpf exposure on the brain of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the carp were sampled after a 40-days exposure to cpf and atr, individually or in combination, followed by a 40-days recovery period to measure autophagy and antioxidant activity. the results indicate that the anti-superoxide anion and anti-hydroxy radical activities decreased upon exposure to atr, cpf, and the atr/cpf combination but increased ...201626662364
short article: successful faecal coliform sensitivity-based oral ertapenem therapy for chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis: a case series.pouchitis is a common complication of restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, and a proportion of patients develop a refractory course. the treatment of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (carp) is challenging, and treatment failure is often a cause of pouch excision. we report on a series of three patients with carp who were treated with oral ertapenem following faecal coliform sensitivity testing. there was an improvement in the pouchitis disease activity index in all three pa ...201626657456
differential modulation of ammonia excretion, rhesus glycoproteins and ion-regulation in common carp (cyprinus carpio) following individual and combined exposure to waterborne copper and ammonia.the main objective of this study was to understand the mode of interaction between waterborne copper (cu) and high environmental ammonia (hea) exposure on freshwater fish, and how they influence the toxicity of each other when present together. for this purpose, individual and combined effects of cu and hea were examined on selected physiological and ion-regulatory processes and changes at transcript level in the common carp (cyprinus carpio). juvenile carp were exposed to 2.6μm cu (25% of the 9 ...201626655657
genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and expression of fibroblast growth genes in common carp.fibroblast growth factors (fgfs) are a large family of polypeptide growth factors, which are found in organisms ranging from nematodes to humans. in vertebrates, a number of fgfs have been shown to play important roles in developing embryos and adult organisms. among the vertebrate species, fgfs are highly conserved in both gene structure and amino-acid sequence. however, studies on teleost fgfs are mainly limited to model species, hence we investigated fgfs in the common carp genome. we identif ...201626691502
acute exposure to the biopesticide azadirachtin affects parameters in the gills of common carp (cyprinus carpio).the biopesticide, azadirachtin (aza) is less hazardous to the environment, but may cause several toxic effects in aquatic organisms. the cyprinus carpio (n=12, for all concentrations) after 10days of acclimation under controlled conditions, were exposed at 20, 40, and 60μl/l of aza during 96h. after this period, fish were anesthetized and euthanized then mucus layer and gills collected. in this study, the effects of exposure to different aza concentrations were analysed through a set of biomarke ...201626689640
functional analysis of membrane-bound complement regulatory protein on t-cell immune response in ginbuna crucian carp.complements have long been considered to be a pivotal component in innate immunity. recent researches, however, highlight novel roles of complements in t-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. membrane-bound complement regulatory protein cd46, a costimulatory protein for t cells, is a key molecule for t-cell immunomodulation. teleost cd46-like molecule, termed tecrem, has been newly identified in common carp and shown to function as a complement regulator. however, it remains unclear whether tecrem is ...201626688068
characterization of antioxidant system parameters in four freshwater fish species.the potential use of antioxidant system parameters has gained considerable interest due to their pivotal role of detoxification mechanisms in environmental studies and culture fish point of view. fish with different ecological needs may have different antioxidant capacity and response to environmental contaminants. thus, the optimal working conditions and specific enzyme activities (vmax and km) of antioxidant system parameters (superoxide dismutase, sod; catalase, cat; glutathione peroxidase, g ...201626707186
thermophile-fermented compost as a fish feed additive modulates lipid peroxidation and free amino acid contents in the muscle of the carp, cyprinus carpio.recently, a compost fermented with marine animals with thermophilic bacillaceae in a clean and exclusive process at high temperature was reported as a possible feed additive to improve the healthy balance in sea fish and mammals (i.e., pigs and rodents). here, the effects of the oral administration of the compost on the muscle and internal organs of carp (cyprinus carpio) as a freshwater fish model were investigated. the fatty acid composition was different in the muscle of the carp fed with or ...201626702954
muscle wound healing in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).we followed the progression of healing of deep excisional biopsy punch wounds over the course of 365 days in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by monitoring visual wound healing and gene expression in the healing muscle at regular intervals (1, 3, 7, 14, 38 and 100 days post-wounding). in addition, we performed muscle texture analysis one year after wound infliction. the selected genes have all previously been investigated in relation to vertebrate wound healing, but only few specifically in f ...201626702558
biomarkers of cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects in cyprinus carpio exposed to complex mixture of contaminants from hospital effluents.hospital wastewater is an important source of emerging contaminants. recent studies emphasize the importance of assessing the effects of mixtures of contaminants rather than environmental risk of their individual components, as well as the determination of intrinsic toxicity of wastewater. mixtures of pollutants has possible interactions that have notable environmental side effects. the aim of this study is an attempt to characterize biomarkers in cyprinus carpio related to the exposure to a com ...201626754545
gelling properties of fish/pork mince mixtures.the gel properties of silver carp/pork mince mixtures were investigated as well as the protein structural changes and interactions during gelling using rheology, sem, and ft-raman spectroscopy. the breaking force values for gels containing 0% to 40% pork was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with gels containing 50% to 100% pork. gels containing 70% to 100% pork had significantly higher (p < 0.05) breaking force values compared with gels containing 50% to 60% pork. deformation values were ...201626749339
use of the integrated biomarker response to measure the effect of short-term exposure to dibenz[a,h]anthracene in common carp (cyprinus carpio).dibenz[a,h]anthracene (dba) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is released into the environment through incomplete combustion of gasoline, cigarettes, and coal tar. the effects of short-term (10 days) exposure of common carp (cyprinus carpio) to dba (0-50 µg l(-1)) were evaluated using the following four biomarkers: dna damage, 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity, and vitellogenin (vtg) levels. an integrated biomarker response (ibr) was cal ...201626744022
innate immune response against an oomycete pathogen aphanomyces invadans in common carp (cyprinus carpio), a fish resistant to epizootic ulcerative syndrome.infection with aphanomyces invadans, also known as epizootic ulcerative syndrome, is a destructive disease of freshwater and brackishwater fishes. although more than 130 species of fish have been confirmed to be susceptible to this disease, some of the commercially important fish species like common carp, milk fish and tilapia are reported to be resistant. species that are naturally resistant to a particular disease, provide a potential model to study the mechanisms of resistance against that di ...201626739655
autotetraploid cell line induced by sp600125 from crucian carp and its developmental potentiality.polyploidy has many advantages over diploidy, such as rapid growth, sterility, and disease resistance, and has been extensively applied in agriculture and aquaculture. though generation of new polyploids via polyploidization has been achieved in plants by different ways, it is comparatively rare in animals. in this article, by a chemical compound, sp600125, polyploidization is induced in fish cells in vitro, and a stable autotetraploid cell line has been generated from diploid fibroblast cells o ...201626898354
positive darwinian selection within interferon regulatory factor genes of gymnocypris przewalskii (cyprinidae) on the tibetan plateau.tibetan plateau (tp) had experienced phased uplift, resulting in inhospitable environment of low temperature, hypoxia and high ultraviolet radiation for tibetan wildlife. many organisms can well adapt to tp, it is of ecological and evolutionary interest to untangle how organisms adapt to extreme environment on tp through evolution. previous studies mainly focused on hypoxia and metabolism related genes, but we know little about the evolutionary history of immune genes in tibetan wildlife. in thi ...201626774494
metabolic capacities of common carp (cyprinus carpio) following combined exposures to copper and environmental hypoxia.in aquatic ecosystems, a decline in water o2 level is the main factor that can release heavy metal ions from top sediment layer. therefore, hypoxia in turn, and in association with heavy metals might provide undesirable environment and impairs physiological functions of aquatic animals. to address this, metabolic capacities, including standard metabolic rate (smr), maximum metabolic rate (mmr), aerobic scope (as) and factorial aerobic scope (fas) of common carp were determined following exposure ...201626774182
effects of temperature and trophic state on degradation of environmental dna in lake water.degradation of environmental dna (edna) in aquatic habitats can affect the interpretation of edna data and the ability to detect aquatic organisms. the effect of temperature and trophic state on the decay of common carp (cyprinus carpio) edna was evaluated using lake water microcosms and quantitative pcr for a common carp-specific genetic marker in two experiments. the first experiment tested the effect of temperature on common carp edna decay. common carp edna exhibited exponential decay that i ...201626771292
genomic incompatibilities in the diploid and tetraploid offspring of the goldfish × common carp cross.polyploidy is much rarer in animals than in plants but it is not known why. the outcome of combining two genomes in vertebrates remains unpredictable, especially because polyploidization seldom shows positive effects and more often results in lethal consequences because viable gametes fail to form during meiosis. fortunately, the goldfish (maternal) × common carp (paternal) hybrids have reproduced successfully up to generation 22, and this hybrid lineage permits an investigation into the genomic ...201626768847
recombinant carp il-4/13b stimulates in vitro proliferation of carp igm(+) b cells.teleost il-4/13b is a cytokine related to mammalian il-4 and il-13, of which hitherto the function had not been studied at the protein level. we identified an il-4/13b gene in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and expressed the recombinant protein (rcil-4/13b). rcil-4/13b was shown to stimulate proliferation of igm(+) b cells, because after four days of stimulation the igm(+) fraction of carp kidney and spleen leukocytes had formed many cell colonies, whereas such colonies were not found in the abse ...201626766176
efficacy assessment of three inactivated koi herpes virus antigen preparations against experimental challenge virus infection in common carp. 201626765154
nitric oxide availability in deeply hypoxic crucian carp: acute and chronic changes and utilization of ambient nitrite reservoirs.recent research suggest that anoxia-tolerant fish transfer extracellular nitrite into the tissues, where it is used for nitric oxide (no) generation, iron-nitrosylation, and s-nitrosation of proteins, as part of the cytoprotective response toward prolonged hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation. we hypothesized that crucian carp take up ambient nitrite and use it as a source of cellular no availability during hypoxia. fish were exposed for 1 day to normoxia (po2 > 140 mmhg) and deep hypoxia (1 < p ...201626764058
temporal patterns of larval fish occurrence in a large subtropical river.knowledge of temporal patterns of larval fish occurrence is limited in south china, despite its ecological importance. this research examines the annual and seasonal patterns of fish larval presence in the large subtropical pearl river. data is based on samples collected every two days, from 2006 to 2013. in total, 45 taxa representing 13 families and eight orders were sampled. the dominant larval family was cyprinidae, accounting for 27 taxa. squaliobarbus curriculus was the most abundant speci ...201626760762
dipeptidyl peptidase iv-inhibitory peptides derived from silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix val.) proteins.the dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dpp-iv)-inhibitory bioactivity of silver carp protein (scp) hydrolysates were investigated, and their containing efficacious dpp-iv-inhibitory peptides were explored by in silico hydrolysis analysis, peptide separation combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) identification, and chemical synthesis. scp hydrolysates generated by six proteases all showed efficient dpp-iv-inhibitory activities, and neutrase-generated hydrolysates had the g ...201626758401
anticitrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor are associated with increased mortality but with different causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal study in three european cohorts.patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra)-related autoantibodies have an increased mortality rate. different autoantibodies are frequently co-occurring and it is unclear which autoantibodies associate with increased mortality. in addition, association with different causes of death is thus far unexplored. both questions were addressed in three early ra populations.201626757747
effects of polar solvents on the mechanical behavior of fish scales.fish scales are unique structural materials that serve as a form of natural armor. in this investigation the mechanical behavior of scales from the cyprinus carpio was evaluated after exposure to a polar solvent. uniaxial tensile and tear tests were conducted on specimens prepared from the scales of multiple fish extracted from near the head, middle and tail regions, and after exposure to ethanol for periods from 0 to 24h. submersion in ethanol caused instantaneous changes in the tensile propert ...201626838819
metabolism and disposition of aditoprim in swine, broilers, carp and rats.aditoprim (adp) is a newly developed antibacterial agent in veterinary medicine. the metabolism and disposition of adp in swine, broilers, carp and rats were investigated by using a radio tracer method combined with a radioactivity detector and a liquid chromatography/ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. after a single oral administration, more than 94% of the dose was recovered within 14 d in the four species. the urine excretion was dominant in swine and rats, making up 78% of the dose. ...201626838160
identification of furan fatty acids in the lipids of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).fatty acid (fa) composition was analyzed in muscle and gonad tissues of marketed common carp (cyprinus carpio). the extracted lipids were separated into four fractions: polar lipids (pl), diacylglycerols, free fatty acids and triacylglycerols (tag) using thin layer chromatography. fa content within the lipid fractions was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (gc/fid). the muscle lipids consisted primarily of tag (96.9% of total fa), while pl were the major component of ...201626830577
roles of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in spinocerebellar ataxias.modulation of the intracellular calcium concentration is a ubiquitous signaling system involved in the control of numerous biological processes in a wide variety of cells. inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ip3) receptors (ip3rs), which act as calcium release channels in the er membrane, play a key role in the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration. ip3r type 1 (ip3r1) is the major neuronal ip3r isoform in the central nervous system and particularly abundant in cerebellar purkinje cells. h ...201626827887
persistent halogenated compounds in fish from rivers in the pearl river delta, south china: geographical pattern and implications for anthropogenic effects on the environment.three fish species, mud carp (cirrhinus molitorella), tilapia (tilapia nilotica), and plecostomus (hypostomus plecostomus), from rivers in the pearl river delta (prd) were analyzed for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (ddts), hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdpe), and dechlorane plus (dp). the concentrations of ddts, hchs, pcbs, pbdes, dbdpe, and dp ranged from 380-57,000, 5.5-1 ...201626821261
the metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes.the present study explored the apoptosis pathways in hydroxyl radicals ((∙)oh)-induced carp erythrocytes. carp erythrocytes were treated with the caspase inhibitors in physiological carp saline (pcs) or ca(2+)-free pcs in the presence of 40μm feso4/20μm h2o2. the results showed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), the release of cytochrome c and dna fragmentation were caspase-dependent, and ca(2+) was involved in calpain activation and phosphatidylserine (ps) exposure in (∙)oh-i ...201626795598
effect of alginate/carboxyl methyl cellulose composite coating incorporated with clove essential oil on the quality of silver carp fillet and escherichia coli o157:h7 inhibition during refrigerated storage.the effects of alginate/carboxyl methylcellulose composite coating incorporated with clove essential oil on quality of silver carp fillet chilled storage (4 + 1 °c) were examined over a period of 16 days. the control samples (c), alginate/carboxyl methylcellulose coating (c-a), alginate/carboxyl methylcellulose composite coating incorporated with clove essential oil (with different concentration 1 and 1.5 %) (c-a + ceo1 % and c-a + ceo 15 % respectively) were analyzed by bacteriological (total v ...201626787996
does serotonin-modulating anticonsolidation protein (smap) influence the choice of turning direction in carps, cyprinus carpio, in a t-maze?serotonin-modulating anticonsolidation protein (smap) can impair the formation of memory traces in mammals and fish. we have studied the influence of smap on behavioral lateralization of juvenile carps cyprinus carpio in a t-maze without food reinforcement in three experimental groups (n = 8 each): (1) negative control (intact animals); (2) experimental group (fish injected icv with smap; 2 μl, 1.2 mg ml(-1)) and (3) active control group (fish injected icv with inactivated smap). the behavioral ...201626874505
aquatic hazard, bioaccumulation and screening risk assessment for ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate.the fluoropolymer manufacturing industry is moving to alternative polymerization processing aid technologies with more favorable toxicological and environmental profiles as part of a commitment to curtail the use of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas). to facilitate the environmental product stewardship assessment and premanufacture notification (pmn) process for a candidate replacement chemical, we conducted acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests to evaluate the toxicity of ammonium 2,3,3 ...201626874062
purification and characterization of a fish granzymea involved in cell-mediated immunity.granzymes are serine proteases involved in the induction of cell death against non-self cells. the enzymes differ in their primary substrate specificity and have one of four hydrolysis activities: tryptase, asp-ase, met-ase and chymase. although granzyme genes have been isolated from several fishes, evidence for their involvement in cytotoxicity has not yet been reported. in the present study, we attempted to purify and characterize a fish granzyme involved in cytotoxicity using ginbuna crucian ...201626872543
quality changes and predictive models of radial basis function neural networks for brined common carp (cyprinus carpio) fillets during frozen storage.to investigate and predict quality of 2% brined common carp (cyprinus carpio) fillets during frozen storage, free fatty acids (ffa), salt extractable protein (sep), total sulfhydryl (sh) content, and ca(2+)-atpase activity were determined at 261 k, 253 k, and 245 k, respectively. there was a dramatic increase (p<0.05) in ffa and a sharp decrease (p<0.05) in sh at 261 k during the first 3 weeks. sep decreased to 67.31% after 17 weeks at 245 k, whereas it took about 7 weeks and 13 weeks to decreas ...201626868584
molecular cloning and expression determination of p38 mapk from the liver and kidney of silver carp.the sequence of p38mapk in silver carp (hm-p38a) was cloned and sequenced. additionally, the acute toxicity of crude microcystins (mcs) on silver carp and induction expression of hm-p38a by mcs exposure were also determined in this study. the results reveal that the length of hm-p38a is 2418 bp and it contains a 1086 bp open reading frame. hm-p38a could encode 361 amino acids. sequence analysis indicates that hm-p38a contains the conserved structures of thr-gly-tyr motif and substrate binding si ...201626866509
rheumatoid factor isotypes in relation to antibodies against citrullinated peptides and carbamylated proteins before the onset of rheumatoid arthritis.the presence of rheumatoid factor (rf), anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-carp) and antibodies against citrullinated protein and peptides (acpa) precedes the onset of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) by several years. relationships between the development of these antibodies are not obvious.201626860413
effect of common carp (cyprinus carpio) tlr9 overexpression on the expression of downstream interferon-associated immune factor mrnas in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells.toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) and play an important role in the antiviral response. to determine the effect of common carp tlr9 (cctlr9) overexpression on the expression of down-stream interferon associated immune factors in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells, may provide useful information for the further investigation on the anti-virus effect mediated by tlr9 in fish. in this s ...201626848048
editing of the luteinizing hormone gene to sterilize channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, using a modified zinc finger nuclease technology with electroporation.channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) is the most important freshwater aquaculture species in the usa. genetically enhanced fish that are sterile could both profit the catfish industry and reduce potential environmental and ecological risks. as the first step to generate sterile channel catfish, three sets of zinc finger nuclease (zfn) plasmids targeting the luteinizing hormone (lh) gene were designed and electroporated into one-cell embryos, different concentrations were introduced, and the cel ...201626846523
autoantibodies in inflammatory arthritis.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease characterized by extensive synovitis resulting in erosions of articular cartilage and marginal bone with joint destruction. the lack of immunological tolerance in ra represents the first step toward the development of autoimmunity. susceptible individuals, under the influence of environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke, and silica exposure, develop autoimmune phenomena that result in the presence of autoantibodies. hla and ...201626970491
data in the activities of caspases and the levels of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome c in the •oh-induced fish erythrocytes treated with alanine, citrulline, proline and their combination.the present study explored the effects of alanine (ala), citrulline (cit), proline (pro) and their combination (ala10pro4cit1) on the activities of caspases and levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) and cytochrome c in hydroxyl radicals (•oh)-induced carp erythrocytes. the data displayed that •oh induced the increases in the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ros and cytochrome c in carp erythrocytes. however, ala, cit, pro and ala10pro4cit1 effectively suppress ...201626952131
tissue specific metal characterization of selected fish species in pakistan.concentration of various metals, i.e., zinc (zn), copper (cu), lead (pb), nickel (ni), iron (fe), manganese (mn), chromium (cr), and silver (ag), was evaluated in five indigenous fish species (namely, silver carp, common carp, mahseer, thela fish, and rainbow trout), by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. it is proved from this study that, overall, mahseer and rainbow trout had high amount of zinc, whereas thela fish and silver carp had high concentration of copper, chromium, silver, nick ...201626951449
role of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies compared to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in indigenous north americans with rheumatoid arthritis, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, including seropositivity for rheumatoid factor (rf) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpas). in addition, antibodies to carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) are present in patients with ra and are associated with joint damage. this study was undertaken to assess the presence of anti-carp antibodies in indigenous north americans (first nations [fn] populations) with ra compared to their at-risk first-degree relat ...201626946484
morphological and molecular characterization of thelohanellus macrovacuolaris n. sp. (myxosporea: bivalvulida) infecting the palate in the mouth of common carp cyprinus carpio l. in china.thelohanellus macrovacuolaris n. sp. is described during a survey on myxozoan diversity of common carp cyprinus carpio l. in china. it is characterized by the presence of round or ellipsoidal plasmodium in the palate in the mouth of host. mature spores were pyriform in frontal view, lemon shaped in lateral view, measuring 21.6±0.9 (19.3-23.8) long, 12.5±0.7 (10.3-13.6) wide, and 10.2±0.4 (9.8-11.8) thick. most spores were surrounded by the membrane sheath. single polar capsule was round with an ...201626939982
molecular mechanism of endocrine system impairment by 17α-methyltestosterone in gynogenic pengze crucian carp offspring.the effects of synthetic androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (mt) on endocrine impairment were examined in crucian carp. immature 7-month old mono-female pengze crucian carp (pcc) f2 offspring were exposed to 50 and 100 μg/l of mt (week 2, 4, and 8). gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intestine weight altered considerably and oocyte development was repressed. in the treatment groups, ovarian 11-ketotestosterone decreased, whereas 17β-estradiol and testosterone increased, and ovarian aromat ...201626938152
effect of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and proximate composition of common carp, cyprinus carpio.the experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chicken manure and inorganic fertilizer (single super phosphate and urea) on growth performance viz. increase in wet body weight, length, specific growth rate (sgr), condition factor (cf), survival rate and proximate composition of cyprinus carpio. experimental water in tubs was treated in duplicates with low (pt) @8000 kgha , medium (pt2) @10,000 kgha(-1) and high (pt) @12,000 kg/ha doses of chicken manure and also with low, medium and high ...201626930873
motility of carp spermatozoa is associated with profound changes in the sperm proteome.in freshwater cyprinids, spermatozoa are quiescent in seminal plasma and sperm motility is initiated by a decrease in osmolality (hypo-osmotic shock) after discharge into the aqueous environment. however, it is unknown at present if and to what extent changes in proteins are involved in carp sperm motility. therefore, the aim of our study was to identify proteins related to carp sperm motility through a comparison of immobilized and activated carp spermatozoa using a 2d-dige approach. our result ...201626926441
effect of 4-week feeding of deoxynivalenol- or t-2-toxin-contaminated diet on lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox system in the hepatopancreas of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the purpose of study was to investigate the effects of t-2 toxin (4.11 mg t-2 toxin and 0.45 mg ht-2 toxin kg(-1) feed) and deoxynivalenol (5.96 and 0.33 mg 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (don) kg(-1) feed) in 1-year-old common carp juveniles in a 4-week feeding trial. the exposure of mycotoxins resulted in increased mortality in both groups consuming mycotoxin-contaminated diet. parameters of lipid peroxidation were not affected during the trial, and antioxidant defence also did not show response to ...201626920403
comparative movements of four large fish species in a lowland river.a multi-year radio-telemetry data set was used to comparatively examine the concurrent movements of the adults of three large-bodied australian native freshwater fishes (murray cod maccullochella peelii, trout cod maccullochella macquariensis and golden perch macquaria ambigua) and the introduced carp cyprinus carpio. the study was conducted over a reach scale in the regulated murray river in south-eastern australia. differences were identified in the movements among these species. the predomina ...201626919062
fullerene inhibits benzo(a)pyrene efflux from cyprinus carpio hepatocytes by affecting cell membrane fluidity and p-glycoprotein expression.p-glycoprotein (p-gp) can protect cells by pumping out toxic compounds, and has been found widely expressed in fish tissues. here, we illustrate the p-gp efflux ability for benzo(a)pyrene (bap) in the hepatocytes of common carp (cyprinus carpio) after exposing to fullerene aqueous suspension (nc60). the results revealed that nc60 increased the membrane fluidity by decreasing the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids, and increased the cholesterol contents. these findings, combined with 1 ...201626918948
phase i metabolism of 3-methylindole, an environmental pollutant, by hepatic microsomes from carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).we studied the in vitro metabolism of 3-methylindole (3mi) in hepatic microsomes from fish. hepatic microsomes from juvenile and adult carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were included in the study. incubation of 3mi with hepatic microsomes revealed the time-dependent formation of two major metabolites, 3-methyloxindole (3moi) and indole-3-carbinol (i3c). the rate of 3moi production was similar in both species at both ages. no differences in kinetic parameters were obs ...201626915592
mutations in the c-terminal region affect subcellular localization of crucian carp herpesvirus (cahv) gpcr.g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) are known as seven transmembrane domain receptors and consequently can mediate diverse biological functions via regulation of their subcellular localization. crucian carp herpesvirus (cahv) was recently isolated from infected fish with acute gill hemorrhage. cahv gpcr of 349 amino acids (aa) was identified based on amino acid identity. a series of variants with truncation/deletion/substitution mutation in the c-terminal (aa 315-349) were constructed and expres ...201627059239
genome-wide identification, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio).the atp-binding cassette (abc) gene family is considered to be one of the largest gene families in all forms of prokaryotic and eukaryotic life. although the abc transporter genes have been annotated in some species, detailed information about the abc superfamily and the evolutionary characterization of abc genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio) are still unclear. in this research, we identified 61 abc transporter genes in the common carp genome. phylogenetic analysis revealed that they could be ...201627058731
large-scale tissue-specific and temporal gene expression profiles in pengze crucian carp.in the present study, the tissue-specific and temporal gene expression profiles of four catalogues of gonadal development-related genes (sex differentiation-related, steroid receptor, steroidogenic, and structural genes) were detected in nine tissues and during 11 successive developmental stages in the pengze crucian carp (pcc) (a triploid mono-female gynogenic fish). the results showed that these target genes exhibited overlapping distributions in various tissues, with the exception of pcc-vasa ...201627051032
doctor, can i desensitize my food-allergic child using directly the allergenic molecules?food allergy has risen in prevalence worldwide and is one of the main causes of anaphylaxis, especially in children. the only possible therapeutic approach is specific immunotherapy. this review describes the recent approaches using allergenic molecules for specific immunotherapy.201627031674
quality control outcomes analysis of small-incision lenticule extraction for myopia by a novice surgeon at the first refractive surgery unit in nepal during the first 2 years of operation.to evaluate the outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction for myopia using the visumax femtosecond laser at the first refractive surgery unit in nepal during the first 30 months of operation.201627026452
bioaccumulation of metals in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) from water bodies of anatolia (turkey): a review with implications for fisheries and human food consumption.although fish is widely consumed by humans for its nutritional properties, accumulation of heavy metals can pose serious health hazards. widespread common carp cyprinus carpio is cultured worldwide and represents an economically important species for fisheries in several countries. these include turkey, where c. carpio often makes for a large part of the sales of the locally marketed fish and also for a traditional dish. this study provides a review of bioaccumulation of metals in tissues of c. ...201627007291
the effect of encapsulated fennel extracts on the quality of silver carp fillets during refrigerated storage.the effect of fennel extract on the quality of silver carp (hypophthalmicthys molitrix) fillets, and the possible efficacy of liposomal encapsulation in the improvement of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity during chilled storage (4 + 1°c) of the fillets were examined over a period of 15 days. silver carp fillets were treated with pure fennel extract (0.3% and 0.5% w/v) and liposomal encapsulated fennel extract (0.3% and 0.5% w/v), and their quality changes in terms of total volatile bas ...201627004119
substrate specificity of proteolytic activity in the testes fluid and seminal plasma of the common carp cyprinus carpio.substrate specificity in the seminal plasma and testes fluids of the common carp cyprinus carpio was determined using gelatin, casein, albumin and haemoglobin. proteolytic profiles of the testes and seminal plasma were compared. different ranges of ph (5·5-9·5) and temperature (4-37° c) were used during incubations of seminal plasma proteinases. differences in proteolytic activity between testes and seminal plasma may reflect specific functions of the testes and sperm ducts in semen production. ...201627001550
estimating the dna strand breakage using a fuzzy inference system and agarose gel electrophoresis, a case study with toothed carp aphanius sophiae exposed to cypermethrin.the dna breakage has been widely used in ecotoxicological studies to investigate effects of pesticides in fishes. the present study used a fuzzy inference system to quantify the breakage of dna double strand in aphanius sophiae exposed to the cypermethrin. the specimens were adapted to different temperatures and salinity for 14 days and then exposed to cypermethrin. dna of each specimens were extracted, electrophoresed and photographed. a fuzzy system with three input variables and 27 rules were ...201627000282
expression profile of carp ifn correlate with the up-regulation of interferon regulatory factor-1 (irf-1) in vivo and in vitro: the pivotal molecules in antiviral defense.interferon regulatory factors (irfs) are a family of transcription factors that mediate the transcriptional regulation of interferon (ifn) genes and ifn-inducible genes. in this study, irf-1 gene is cloned from the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., named ccirf-1. the full-length cdna of ccirf-1 is 1427 bp, including an open reading frame of 861 bp encoding a protein of 286 amino acids. the putative ccirf-1 is characterized by a conserved dna-binding domain and includes a signature of six conserve ...201626993613
targeted disruption of sp7 and myostatin with crispr-cas9 results in severe bone defects and more muscular cells in common carp.the common carp (cyprinus carpio) as one of the most important aquaculture fishes produces over 3 million metric tones annually, approximately 10% the annual production of the all farmed freshwater fish worldwide. however, the tetraploidy genome and long generation-time of the common carp have made its breeding and genetic studies extremely difficult. here, talen and crispr-cas9, two versatile genome-editing tools, are employed to target common carp bone-related genes sp7, runx2, bmp2a, spp1, op ...201626976234
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