Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| acapsular cryptococcus neoformans activates the nlrp3 inflammasome. | cryptococcus neoformans (c. neoformans) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that mainly infects immunocompromised individuals such as aids patients. although cell surface receptors for recognition of c. neoformans have been studies intensively, cytoplasmic recognition of this pathogen remains unclear. as an important detector of pathogen infection, inflammasome can sense and get activated by infection of various pathogens, including pathogenic fungi such as candida albicans and aspergillus fumig ... | 2014 | 25193031 |
| scaffold hopping of sampangine: discovery of potent antifungal lead compound against aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococcus neoformans. | discovery of novel antifungal agents against aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococcus neoformans remains a significant challenge in current antifungal therapy. herein the antifungal natural product sampangine was used as the lead compound for novel antifungal drug discovery. a series of d-ring scaffold hopping derivatives were designed and synthesized to improve antifungal activity and water solubility. among them, the thiophene derivative s2 showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity, particularly ... | 2014 | 25115626 |
| sexual reproduction of human fungal pathogens. | we review here recent advances in our understanding of sexual reproduction in fungal pathogens that commonly infect humans, including candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans/gattii, and aspergillus fumigatus. where appropriate or relevant, we introduce findings on other species associated with human infections. in particular, we focus on rapid advances involving genetic, genomic, and population genetic approaches that have reshaped our view of how fungal pathogens evolve. rather than being ase ... | 2014 | 25085958 |
| sporadic distribution of prion-forming ability of sup35p from yeasts and fungi. | sup35p of saccharomyces cerevisiae can form the [psi+] prion, an infectious amyloid in which the protein is largely inactive. the part of sup35p that forms the amyloid is the region normally involved in control of mrna turnover. the formation of [psi+] by sup35p's from other yeasts has been interpreted to imply that the prion-forming ability of sup35p is conserved in evolution, and thus of survival/fitness/evolutionary value to these organisms. we surveyed a larger number of yeast and fungal spe ... | 2014 | 25081567 |
| mfs multidrug transporters in pathogenic fungi: do they have real clinical impact? | infections caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens have reached concerning numbers due to the increase of the immunocrompromised human population and to the development of antifungal resistance. this resistance is often attributed to the action of multidrug efflux pumps, belonging to the atp-binding cassette (abc) superfamily and the major facilitator superfamily (mfs). although many studies have focused on the role of abc multidrug efflux transporters, little is still known on the part played ... | 2014 | 24904431 |
| elucidating drug resistance in human fungal pathogens. | fungal pathogens cause life-threatening infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. millions of people die each year due to fungal infections, comparable to the mortality attributable to tuberculosis or malaria. the three most prevalent fungal pathogens are candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus. fungi are eukaryotes like their human host, making it challenging to identify fungal-specific therapeutics. there is a limited repertoire of antifungals ... | 2014 | 24810351 |
| a seco-laurane sesquiterpene and related laurane derivatives from the red alga laurencia okamurai yamada. | a ring-cleaved sesquiterpene, named seco-laurokamurone, four laurane-type sesquiterpenes, laurepoxyene, 3β-hydroperoxyaplysin, 3α-hydroperoxy-3-epiaplysin, and 8,10-dibromoisoaplysin, one laurokamurane-type sesquiterpene, laurokamurene d, and one bisabolane-type sesquiterpene, (5s)-5-acetoxy-β-bisabolene, have been isolated from a re-collection of the red alga laurencia okamurai yamada, together with six other known sesquiterpenes. their structures, including relative configuration, were elucida ... | 2014 | 24731260 |
| structure-activity relationships among antifungal nylon-3 polymers: identification of materials active against drug-resistant strains of candida albicans. | fungal infections are a major challenge to human health that is heightened by pathogen resistance to current therapeutic agents. previously, we were inspired by host-defense peptides to develop nylon-3 polymers (poly-β-peptides) that are toxic toward the fungal pathogen candida albicans but exert little effect on mammalian cells. based on subsequent analysis of structure-activity relationships among antifungal nylon-3 polymers, we have now identified readily prepared cationic homopolymers active ... | 2014 | 24606327 |
| isolation of a new broad spectrum antifungal polyene from streptomyces sp. mtcc 5680. | a new polyene macrolide antibiotic pn00053 was isolated from the fermentation broth of streptomyces sp. wild-type strain mtcc-5680. the producer strain was isolated from fertile mountain soil of naldehra region, himachal pradesh, india. the compound pn00053 was purified through various steps of chromatographic techniques and bio-activity guided fractionation followed by its characterization using physiochemical properties, spectral data ((1) h-nmr, (13) c-nmr, hmbc, hsqc, and cosy) and ms analys ... | 2014 | 24517845 |
| inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis potentiates the antifungal activity of amphotericin b. | the polyene antifungal agent amphotericin b exhibits potent and broad spectrum fungicidal activity. however, high nephrotoxicity can hinder its administration in resource poor settings. quantification of early fungicidal activity in studies of hiv patients with cryptococcosis demonstrate that 5-fluorocytosine therapy in combination with amphotericin b results in faster clearance than with amphotericin b alone. in vitro synergy between the two drugs has also been reported but the mechanism by whi ... | 2014 | 24498052 |
| ph signaling in human fungal pathogens: a new target for antifungal strategies. | fungi are exposed to broadly fluctuating environmental conditions, to which adaptation is crucial for their survival. an ability to respond to a wide ph range, in particular, allows them to cope with rapid changes in their extracellular settings. pacc/rim signaling elicits the primary ph response in both model and pathogenic fungi and has been studied in multiple fungal species. in the predominant human pathogenic fungi, namely, candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, and cryptococcus neoforman ... | 2014 | 24442891 |
| hsp90-dependent regulatory circuitry controlling temperature-dependent fungal development and virulence. | the pathogenic fungi candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, and cryptococcus neoformans are an increasing cause of human mortality, especially in immunocompromised populations. during colonization and adaptation to various host environments, these fungi undergo morphogenetic alterations that allow for survival within the host. one key environmental cue driving morphological changes is external temperature. the hsp90 chaperone protein provides one mechanism to link temperature with the signalli ... | 2014 | 24438186 |
| reactive oxygen species-inducing antifungal agents and their activity against fungal biofilms. | invasive fungal infections are associated with very high mortality rates ranging from 20-90% for opportunistic fungal pathogens such as candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus. fungal resistance to antimycotic treatment can be genotypic (due to resistant strains) as well as phenotypic (due to more resistant fungal lifestyles, such as biofilms). with regard to the latter, biofilms are considered to be critical in the development of invasive fungal infections. however, ... | 2014 | 24358949 |
| highlights in pathogenic fungal biofilms. | a wide variety of fungi have demonstrated the ability to colonize surfaces and form biofilms. most studies on fungal biofilms have focused on candida albicans and more recently, several authors have reported the involvement of other genera of yeasts and candida species, as well as of filamentous fungi in the formation of biofilms, including: cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus gattii, rhodotorula species, aspergillus fumigatus, malassezia pachydermatis, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides ... | 2014 | 24252828 |
| human natural killer cells acting as phagocytes against candida albicans and mounting an inflammatory response that modulates neutrophil antifungal activity. | natural killer (nk) cells are innate lymphocytes with potent cytotoxic activity. whereas activity of nk cells has been demonstrated against the fungal pathogens aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococcus neoformans, little was known about their interaction with candida albicans. | 2014 | 24163416 |
| genomic identification of potential targets unique to candida albicans for the discovery of antifungal agents. | despite of modern antifungal therapy, the mortality rates of invasive infection with human fungal pathogen candida albicans are up to 40%. studies suggest that drug resistance in the three most common species of human fungal pathogens viz., c. albicans, aspergillus fumigatus (causing mortality rate up to 90%) and cryptococcus neoformans (causing mortality rate up to 70%) is due to mutations in the target enzymes or high expression of drug transporter genes. drug resistance in human fungal pathog ... | 2014 | 24102473 |
| antifungal dimeric chalcone derivative kamalachalcone e from mallotus philippinensis. | from the red coloured extract (kamala) prepared through acetone extraction of the fresh whole uncrushed fruits of mallotus philippinensis, one new dimeric chalcone (1) along with three known compounds 1-(5,7-dihydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-2h-1-benzopyran-8-yl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-one (2), rottlerin (3) and 4'-hydroxyrottlerin (4) were isolated. the structure of compound 1 was elucidated by 1d and 2d nmr analyses that included hsqc, hmbc, cosy and roesy experiments along with the literature comparison ... | 2014 | 24099509 |
| cytotoxic and antifungal constituents isolated from the metabolites of endophytic fungus do14 from dendrobium officinale. | two novel cytotoxic and antifungal constituents, (4s,6s)-6-[(1s,2r)-1, 2-dihydroxybutyl]-4-hydroxy-4-methoxytetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-one (1), (6s,2e)-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-oxodec-2-enoic acid (2), together with three known compounds, ll-p880γ (3), ll-p880α (4), and ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3b-ol (5) were isolated from the metabolites of endophytic fungi from dendrobium officinale. the chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods. all the isolated compounds 1-5 were evaluated by cy ... | 2015 | 26703552 |
| the toxicity of a novel antifungal compound is modulated by endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation components. | in a search for new antifungal compounds, we screened a library of 4,454 chemicals for toxicity against the human fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. we identified sr7575, a molecule that inhibits growth of the evolutionary distant fungi a. fumigatus, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, and saccharomyces cerevisiae but lacks acute toxicity for mammalian cells. to gain insight into the mode of inhibition, sr7575 was screened against 4,885 s. cerevisiae mutants from the systematic collec ... | 2015 | 26666917 |
| interferon-γ promotes phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans but not cryptococcus gattii by murine macrophages. | among invasive fungal infections, cryptococcosis caused by inhalation of cryptococcus neoformans or cryptococcus gattii is particularly dangerous because it can disseminate to the central nervous system and cause life-threatening meningitis or meningoencephalitis. previous reports described significant differences in the histopathological features of c. neoformans and c. gattii infection, such as greater pathogen proliferation and a limited macrophage response in mouse lung infected by c. gattii ... | 2015 | 26477011 |
| cell wall proteome of pathogenic fungi. | a fast development of a wide variety of proteomic techniques supported by mass spectrometry coupled with high performance liquid chromatography has been observed in recent years. it significantly contributes to the progress in research on the cell wall, very important part of the cells of pathogenic fungi. this complicated structure composed of different polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and melanin, plays a key role in interactions with the host during infection. changes in the set of the surfa ... | 2015 | 26192771 |
| coccidioides endospores and spherules draw strong chemotactic, adhesive, and phagocytic responses by individual human neutrophils. | coccidioides spp. are dimorphic pathogenic fungi whose parasitic forms cause coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) in mammalian hosts. we use an innovative interdisciplinary approach to analyze one-on-one encounters between human neutrophils and two forms of coccidioides posadasii. to examine the mechanisms by which the innate immune system coordinates different stages of the host response to fungal pathogens, we dissect the immune-cell response into chemotaxis, adhesion, and phagocytosis. our singl ... | 2015 | 26070210 |
| the aspergillus fumigatus septins play pleiotropic roles in septation, conidiation, and cell wall stress, but are dispensable for virulence. | septins are a conserved family of gtpases that regulate important cellular processes such as cell wall integrity, and septation in fungi. the requirement of septins for virulence has been demonstrated in the human pathogenic yeasts candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans, as well as the plant pathogen magnaporthe oryzae. aspergillus spp. contains five genes encoding for septins (aspa-e). while the importance of septins aspa, aspb, aspc, and aspe for growth and conidiation has been elucidate ... | 2015 | 26051489 |
| lysophospholipids from the guangxi sponge spirastrella purpurea. | four known (1-4) and two new (5 and 6) lysophospholipids were isolated from the sponge spirastrella purpurea from weizhou island, guangxi autonomous region, china. the structures of the new compounds (5 and 6) were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic techniques, including 1d and 2d nmr ((1)h and (13)c nmr, (1)h-(1)h cosy, hsqc, and hmbc) as well as mass spectrometry and optical rotation experiments. the known compounds (1-4) were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data and specific ... | 2015 | 26037518 |
| antifungal susceptibilities of candida, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus from the asia and western pacific region: data from the sentry antifungal surveillance program (2010-2012). | the sentry antifungal surveillance program monitors global susceptibility rates of newer and established antifungal agents. we report the in vitro activity of seven antifungal agents against 496 contemporary clinical isolates of yeasts and molds. the isolates were obtained from 20 laboratories in the asia-western pacific (apac) region during 2010 through 2012. anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole were susceptibility tested using clsi me ... | 2015 | 25899126 |
| azole drug import into the pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. | the fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus causes serious illness and often death when it invades tissues, especially in immunocompromised individuals. the azole class of drugs is the most commonly prescribed treatment for many fungal infections and acts on the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. one common mechanism of acquired azole drug resistance in fungi is the prevention of drug accumulation to toxic levels in the cell. while drug efflux is a well-known resistance strategy, reduced azole impor ... | 2015 | 25824209 |
| biomarker-based classification of bacterial and fungal whole-blood infections in a genome-wide expression study. | sepsis is a clinical syndrome that can be caused by bacteria or fungi. early knowledge on the nature of the causative agent is a prerequisite for targeted anti-microbial therapy. besides currently used detection methods like blood culture and pcr-based assays, the analysis of the transcriptional response of the host to infecting organisms holds great promise. in this study, we aim to examine the transcriptional footprint of infections caused by the bacterial pathogens staphylococcus aureus and e ... | 2015 | 25814982 |
| chitin recognition via chitotriosidase promotes pathologic type-2 helper t cell responses to cryptococcal infection. | pulmonary mycoses are often associated with type-2 helper t (th2) cell responses. however, mechanisms of th2 cell accumulation are multifactorial and incompletely known. to investigate th2 cell responses to pulmonary fungal infection, we developed a peptide-mhcii tetramer to track antigen-specific cd4+ t cells produced in response to infection with the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. we noted massive accruement of pathologic cryptococcal antigen-specific th2 cells in the lungs following ... | 2015 | 25764512 |
| the apses family proteins in fungi: characterizations, evolution and functions. | the apses protein family belongs to transcriptional factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) class, the originally described members (apses: asm1p, phd1p, sok2p, efg1p and stuap) are used to designate this group of proteins, and they have been identified as key regulators of fungal development and other biological processes. apses proteins share a highly conserved dna-binding domain (apses domain) of about 100 amino acids, whose central domain is predicted to form a typical bhlh structure. b ... | 2015 | 25534868 |
| cryptococcus neoformans yap1 is required for normal fluconazole and oxidative stress resistance. | cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogen that is the most common cause of fungal meningitis. as with most fungal pathogens, the most prevalent clinical antifungal used to treat cryptococcosis is orally administered fluconazole. resistance to this antifungal is an increasing concern in treatment of fungal disease in general. our knowledge of the specific determinants involved in fluconazole resistance in cryptococcus is limited. here we report the identification of an important genetic determinant o ... | 2015 | 25445311 |
| gwt1 encoding an inositol acyltransferase homolog is required for laccase repression and stress resistance in the basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans. | the transcriptional expression of laccase, which has been confirmed to contribute to the virulence of cryptococcus neoformans, is often repressed by a high concentration of glucose in many fungi, including c. neoformans. the underlying mechanism of the repression remains largely unknown. in this study, we found that a gwt1 gene that encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchor biosynthesis-related protein is required for laccase repression by glucose in the basidiomycete c. neoformans. di ... | 2015 | 26410852 |
| rapid mapping of insertional mutations to probe cell wall regulation in cryptococcus neoformans. | random insertional mutagenesis screens are important tools in microbial genetics studies. investigators in fungal systems have used the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens to create tagged, random mutations for genetic screens in their fungal species of interest through a unique process of trans-kingdom cellular transconjugation. however, identifying the locations of insertion has traditionally required tedious pcr-based methods, limiting the effective throughput of this system. we have dev ... | 2015 | 26112692 |
| antiproliferative effect and characterization of a novel antifungal peptide derived from human chromogranin a. | cga-n46 is a novel antifungal peptide derived from the n-terminus of human chromogranin a, corresponding to the 31st to 76th amino acids. further research on its activities and characteristics may be helpful for the application of cga-n46 in medical or other situations. in the present study, the antifungal spectrum and physicochemical characteristics of cga-n46 were investigated using an antifungal assay, its antiproliferative effects on cancer and normal cells were assessed using mtt assay and ... | 2015 | 26668630 |
| successful long-term management of invasive cerebral fungal infection following liver transplantation. | central nervous system (cns) infections after liver transplantation may be fungal in aetiology, with involvement from either common organisms such as cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus spp. as well as less common organisms, such as the mucorales and scedosporium spp. although the mortality of cns fungal infections was nearly 100% in early series, more recent data has suggested that good outcomes can be achieved. this may be due to both improved diagnostic capabilities, such as the ability t ... | 2015 | 25590987 |
| maldi-tof mass spectrometry for rapid identification of clinical fungal isolates based on ribosomal protein biomarkers. | this study aimed to evaluate the identification of clinical fungal isolates (yeast and molds) by protein profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof/ms). a total of 125 clinical fungal culture isolates (yeast and filamentous fungi) were collected. the test set included 88 yeast isolates (candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida guilliermondii, candida kefyr, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, candida rugosa, candida tropicalis and ... | 2015 | 25541362 |
| morphology and its underlying genetic regulation impact the interaction between cryptococcus neoformans and its hosts. | cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that causes the majority of fatal cryptococcal meningitis cases worldwide. this pathogen is capable of assuming different morphotypes: yeast, pseudohypha, and hypha. the yeast form is the most common cell type observed clinically. the hyphal and pseudohyphal forms are rarely observed in the clinical setting and are considered attenuated in virulence. however, as a ubiquitous environmental pathogen, cryptococcus interacts with various organisms, and it is known ... | 2015 | 25841056 |
| the influence of bacterial interaction on the virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. | microbes exist in complex communities in the environment. the interaction between fungi, such as the opportunistic pathogen cryptococcus neoformans, and antagonistic environmental bacteria, such as acinetobacter spp., may influence fungal evolution through the production of fungal defence mechanisms that inadvertently enhance fungal pathogenicity. such changes include alteration of biofilm formation and increased capsule production. the molecular mechanisms responsible for such changes, both fro ... | 2015 | 26364987 |
| fungal serotype-specific differences in bacterial-yeast interactions. | cryptococcus neoformans (cn) causes meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. this encapsulated fungus can be found interacting with environmental microbes in soil contaminated with pigeon excrement. cn survival within polymicrobial and other challenging communities has been shown to affect the evolution of its virulence factors. we compared the survival of 10 serotype a and d strains after interaction with the soil bacterium, acinetobacter baumannii (ab). although co-incubation with ... | 2015 | 26132337 |
| antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial activities of a bodipy-based photosensitizer. | antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (apdi) employing the bodipy-based photosensitizer 2,6-diiodo-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(n-methyl-4-pyridyl)-4,4'-difluoro-boradiazaindacene (dimpy-bodipy) was explored in an in vitro assay against six species of bacteria (eight total strains), three species of yeast, and three viruses as a complementary approach to their current drug-based or non-existent treatments. our best results achieved a noteworthy 5-6 log unit reduction in cfu at 0.1 μm for staphylococ ... | 2015 | 26060922 |
| through the wall: extracellular vesicles in gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi. | extracellular vesicles (evs) are produced by all domains of life. in gram-negative bacteria, evs are produced by the pinching off of the outer membrane; however, how evs escape the thick cell walls of gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi is still unknown. nonetheless, evs have been described in a variety of cell-walled organisms, including staphylococcus aureus, mycobacterium tuberculosis and cryptococcus neoformans. these evs contain varied cargo, including nucleic acids, toxins, lipo ... | 2015 | 26324094 |
| a population-based acute meningitis and encephalitis syndromes surveillance in guangxi, china, may 2007-june 2012. | acute meningitis and encephalitis (ame) are common diseases with the main pathogens being viruses and bacteria. as specific treatments are different, it is important to develop clinical prediction rules to distinguish aseptic from bacterial or fungal infection. in this study we evaluated the incidence rates, seasonal variety and the main etiologic agents of ame, and identified factors that could be used to predict the etiologic agents. | 2015 | 26633824 |
| the role of amino acid permeases and tryptophan biosynthesis in cryptococcus neoformans survival. | metabolic diversity is an important factor during microbial adaptation to different environments. among metabolic processes, amino acid biosynthesis has been demonstrated to be relevant for survival for many microbial pathogens, whereas the association between pathogenesis and amino acid uptake and recycling are less well-established. cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen with many habitats. as a result, it faces frequent metabolic shifts and challenges during its life cycl ... | 2015 | 26162077 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibits the growth of scedosporium aurantiacum, an opportunistic fungal pathogen isolated from the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. | the filamentous fungus scedosporium aurantiacum and the bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa are opportunistic pathogens isolated from lungs of the cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. p. aeruginosa has been known to suppress the growth of a number of cf related fungi such as aspergillus fumigatus, candida albicans, and cryptococcus neoformans. however, the interactions between p. aeruginosa and s. aurantiacum have not been investigated in depth. hence we assessed the effect of p. aeruginosa reference str ... | 2015 | 26379643 |
| allosteric regulation of lactobacillus plantarum xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase (xfp). | xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase (xfp), which catalyzes the conversion of xylulose 5-phosphate (x5p) or fructose 6-phosphate (f6p) to acetyl phosphate, plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism in a number of bacteria. recently, we demonstrated that the fungal cryptococcus neoformans xfp2 exhibits both substrate cooperativity for all substrates (x5p, f6p, and pi) and allosteric regulation in the forms of inhibition by phosphoenolpyruvate (pep), oxaloacetic acid (oaa), ... | 2015 | 25605308 |
| [tropical and travel-related dermatomycoses : part 2: cutaneous infections due to yeasts, moulds, and dimorphic fungi]. | besides dermatophytoses, a broad range of cutaneous infections due to yeasts and moulds may occur in subtropical and tropical countries where they can affect travellers. not to be forgotten are endemic occurring dimorphic or biphasic fungi in countries with hot climate, which cause systemic and secondary cutaneous infections in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent people. in the tropics, the prevalence of pityriasis versicolor, caused by the lipophilic yeast malassezia spp., is about 30-40 %, in ... | 2015 | 25924703 |
| evaluation of blood culture media for the detection of fungi. | the aim of this study was to compare the utility of bactec™ mycosis-ic/f (mycosis), bactec™ plus aerobic/f (aerobic), and bactec™ plus anaerobic/f (anaerobic) media in the detection of fungi from simulated (obtained by the inoculation of tested media first with sterile sheep's blood and subsequently with one of 60 clinical yeast isolates) and clinical blood samples, taken during routine diagnostic examination in two hospitals. all tested strains grew on mycosis as well as aerobic bottles, and th ... | 2015 | 25098681 |
| poly(amidoamine) dendrimers show carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity against α-, β-, γ- and η-class enzymes. | four generations of poly(amidoamine) (pamam) dendrimers incorporating benzenesulfonamide moieties were investigated as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) belonging to the α-, β-, γ- and η-classes which are present in pathogenic bacteria, fungi or protozoa. the following bacterial, fungal and protozoan organisms were included in the study: vibrio cholerae, trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania donovani chagasi, porphyromonas gingivalis, cryptococcus neoformans, candida glabrata, and plas ... | 2015 | 26476668 |
| novel triazole alcohol antifungals derived from fluconazole: design, synthesis, and biological activity. | a series of new triazole alcohol antifungals were designed by replacing one of the triazolyl moiety from fluconazole with a distinct 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole motif, which is found in some antimicrobial agents. the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of target compounds demonstrated that the direct analogs of fluconazole (difluorophenethyl-triazoles) were less active against fungi, while compound 10h containing dichloro substitutions on both phenyl rings of the molecule had potent activ ... | 2015 | 25182365 |
| in vitro anti-yeast activity of chloramphenicol: a preliminary report. | chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial agent but its antifungal activity is not known. the present study aimed to investigate the activity of chloramphenicol against 30 representative yeasts. the antimicrobial assay of chloramphenicol (50mg/ml; 100mg/ml and 200mg/ml) was determined by the disc diffusion method using mueller-hinton agar against 30 representative yeast strains. zone of inhibition was read after 48-72h incubation at 37°c and results were compared with some standard antif ... | 2015 | 25497707 |
| compositional and immunobiological analyses of extracellular vesicles released by candida albicans. | the release of extracellular vesicles (ev) by fungal organisms is considered an alternative transport mechanism to trans-cell wall passage of macromolecules. previous studies have revealed the presence of ev in culture supernatants from fungal pathogens, such as cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, sporothrix schenckii, malassezia sympodialis and candida albicans. here we investigated the size, composition, kinetics of internalization by bone marrow-der ... | 2015 | 25287304 |
| global analysis of fungal morphology exposes mechanisms of host cell escape. | developmental transitions between single-cell yeast and multicellular filaments underpin virulence of diverse fungal pathogens. for the leading human fungal pathogen candida albicans, filamentation is thought to be required for immune cell escape via induction of an inflammatory programmed cell death. here we perform a genome-scale analysis of c. albicans morphogenesis and identify 102 negative morphogenetic regulators and 872 positive regulators, highlighting key roles for ergosterol biosynthes ... | 2015 | 25824284 |
| clerodane type diterpene as a novel antifungal agent from polyalthia longifolia var. pendula. | bioactivity-guided chemical examination of methanolic extract of leaves of polyalthia longifolia var. pendula led to the isolation of the active constituent, a diterpene 1 which was identified as 16α-hydroxycleroda-3,13(14)z-dien-15,16-olide on the basis of its spectral data. among the tested strains, diterpene 1 was found to exhibit antifungal activities having mic90 values of 50.3, 100.6 and 201.2 μm against candida albicans ncim3557, cryptococcus neoformans ncim3542 (human pathogens) and neur ... | 2015 | 25747495 |
| synthesis of novel thiazole-based 8,9-dihydro-7h-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepines as potential antitumor and antifungal agents. | a new series of novel thiazole-based 8,9-dihydro-7h-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepines 6a-g and 7a-g were obtained with high regioselectivity from the reaction of triamino- or tetraaminopyrimidines 4 and 5 with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 3a-g based on 2,4-dichlorothiazol-5-carbaldehyde 1. twelve of the synthesized compounds were selected and tested by us national cancer institute (nci) for their antitumor activity against 60 different human tumor cell lines. compounds 7d and 7g showed import ... | 2015 | 25638570 |
| antifungal activity of extracts from cynomorium coccineum growing wild in sardinia island (italy). | cynomorium coccineum l. is a non-photosynthetic plant, spread over mediterranean countries, amply used in traditional medicine. the aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the antifungal activity of its extracts. the antifungal activity was evaluated using the macrodilution method against candida spp., cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophyte strains. the methanolic extract was very active against c. neoformans, candida guilliermondii and candida krusei, with minimal inhibitory conc ... | 2015 | 25598435 |
| extracellular vesicle-mediated export of fungal rna. | extracellular vesicles (evs) play an important role in the biology of various organisms, including fungi, in which they are required for the trafficking of molecules across the cell wall. fungal evs contain a complex combination of macromolecules, including proteins, lipids and glycans. in this work, we aimed to describe and characterize rna in ev preparations from the human pathogens cryptococcus neoformans, paracoccidiodes brasiliensis and candida albicans, and from the model yeast saccharomyc ... | 2015 | 25586039 |
| inhibition studies of bacterial, fungal and protozoan β-class carbonic anhydrases with schiff bases incorporating sulfonamide moieties. | a series of new schiff bases derived from sulfanilamide, 3-fluorosulfanilamide or 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide containing either a hydrophobic or a hydrophilic tail, have been investigated as inhibitors of three β-carbonic anhydrases (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) from three different microorganisms. their antifungal, antibacterial and antiprotozoan activities have been determined against the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans, the bacterial pathogen brucella suis and the protozoan parasite leis ... | 2015 | 26145821 |
| c-glycosides incorporating the 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl moiety are selective inhibitors of fungal and bacterial carbonic anhydrases. | a small series of c-glycosides containing the methoxyaryl moieties was tested for the inhibition of the β-class carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) from cryptococcus neoformans and brucella suis. many compounds showed activities in the micromolar or submicromolar range and excellent selectivity for pathogen cas over human isozymes. the deprotected glycosides incorporating the 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl moiety showed the best inhibition profile and therefore represent leads for the development of nov ... | 2015 | 25291009 |
| a novel ellagic acid derivative from desbordesia glaucescens. | one novel ellagic acid derivative, desglauside (1), was isolated from the leaves of desbordesia glaucescens together with three known compounds [3',4'-di-o-methylellagic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3) and β-sitosterol-3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (4)]. their structures were elucidated on the basis of nmr spectroscopic and ms analysis, and by comparison with related published data. the crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds showed no activity against four yeast strains [candida albicans (atcc 9 ... | 2015 | 26669108 |
| zebrafish: an animal model for research in veterinary medicine. | the zebrafish (danio rerio) has become known as an excellent model organism for studies of vertebrate biology, vertebrate genetics, embryonal development, diseases and drug screening. nevertheless, there is still lack of detailed reports about usage of the zebrafish as a model in veterinary medicine. comparing to other vertebrates, they can lay hundreds of eggs at weekly intervals, externally fertilized zebrafish embryos are accessible to observation and manipulation at all stages of their devel ... | 2015 | 26618602 |
| antifungal activity of pyranonaphthoquinones obtained from cipura paludosa bulbs. | previous studies with the bulbs of cipura paludosa (iridaceae) showed the presence of pyranonaphthoquinones, including eleutherine, isoeleutherine and eleutherol. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of these compounds. the activity was tested against the clinically relevant yeasts candida albicans, c. tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and cryptococcus neoformans with the microbroth dilution method, following the guidelines of clsi. eleutherine, isoeleutherine and e ... | 2015 | 26594766 |
| antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of olea africana against pathogenic yeast and nosocomial pathogens. | olea africana leaves are used by bapedi people to treat different ailments. the use of these leaves is not validated, therefore the aim of this study is to validate antimicrobial properties of this plant. | 2015 | 26577343 |
| novel, synergistic antifungal combinations that target translation fidelity. | there is an unmet need for new antifungal or fungicide treatments, as resistance to existing treatments grows. combination treatments help to combat resistance. here we develop a novel, effective target for combination antifungal therapy. different aminoglycoside antibiotics combined with different sulphate-transport inhibitors produced strong, synergistic growth-inhibition of several fungi. combinations decreased the respective mics by ≥8-fold. synergy was suppressed in yeast mutants resistant ... | 2015 | 26573415 |
| tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) as an alternative host to study fungal infections. | models of host–pathogen interactions are crucial for the analysis of microbial pathogenesis. in this context, invertebrate hosts, including drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) and galleria mellonella (moth), have been used to study the pathogenesis of fungi and bacteria. each of these organisms offers distinct benefits in elucidating host–pathogen interactions. in this study,we present a newinvertebrate infection model to study fungal infections: the tenebrio m ... | 2015 | 26453946 |
| usefulness of silkworm as a model animal for understanding the molecular mechanisms of fungal pathogenicity. | candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida grabrata, and cryptococcus neoformans are causative pathogens of opportunistic diseases in immunocompromised human patients. silkworms are killed by injection of these pathogenic fungi into their hemolymph. in this paper, we describe recent results by our laboratory and other researchers using gene-deficient strains of these pathogenic fungi. the silkworm is considered to be a useful model animal for understanding the pathogenicity of these fungi. si ... | 2015 | 26370522 |
| antimicrobial triterpenes from the stem bark of crossopteryx febrifuga. | phytochemical investigation of the stem bark extract of crossopteryx febrifuga resulted in the isolation of epimeric mixtures of 3β-urs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid and 18-epi-3β-urs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (1), as well as: 3β-d-glucopyranosylurs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid and 18-epi-3β-d-glucopyranosylurs-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (2), together with some known compounds such as the monoglyceride of palmitic acid, as well as β-sitosterol and its glucoside. the structure ... | 2015 | 26352201 |
| cyclopalladated compound 7a induces apoptosis- and autophagy-like mechanisms in paracoccidioides and is a candidate for paracoccidioidomycosis treatment. | paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), caused by paracoccidioides species, is the main cause of death due to systemic mycoses in brazil and other latin american countries. therapeutic options for pcm and other systemic mycoses are limited and time-consuming, and there are high rates of noncompliance, relapses, toxic side effects, and sequelae. previous work has shown that the cyclopalladated 7a compound is effective in treating several kinds of cancer and parasitic chagas disease without significant toxi ... | 2015 | 26349827 |
| artemisia herba-alba essential oil from buseirah (south jordan): chemical characterization and assessment of safe antifungal and anti-inflammatory doses. | artemisia herba-alba asso ("desert wormwood" in english; "armoise blanche" in french; "shaih" in arabic), is a medicinal and strongly aromatic plant widely used in traditional medicine by many cultures since ancient times. it is used to treat inflammatory disorders (colds, coughing, bronchitis, diarrhea), infectious diseases (skin diseases, scabies, syphilis) and others (diabetes, neuralgias). in jordanian traditional medicine, this plant is used as antiseptic and against skin diseases, scabies, ... | 2015 | 26277492 |
| clinical significance of the isolation of candida species from hospitalized patients. | in this study, we isolated and phenotypically identified 108 yeast strains from various clinical specimens collected from 100 hospitalized patients at three tertiary hospitals in são luís-maranhão, brazil, from july to december 2010. the isolates were analyzed for their susceptibility to four of the most widely used antifungal agents in the surveyed hospitals, amphotericin b, fluconazole, 5-flucytosine and voriconazole. the species identified were candida albicans (41.4%), candida tropicalis (30 ... | 2015 | 26221096 |
| synthesis and antifungal evaluation of head-to-head and head-to-tail bisamidine compounds. | herein, we describe the antifungal evaluation of 43 bisamidine compounds, of which 26 are new, having the scaffold [am]-[hetar]-[linker]-[hetar]-[am], in which [am] is a cyclic or acyclic amidine group, [linker] is a benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine ring, or an aliphatic chain of two to four carbon, and [hetar] is a 5,6-bicyclic heterocycle such as indole, benzimidazole, imidazopyridine, benzofuran, or benzothiophene. in the head-to-head series the two [hetar] units are oriented such that ... | 2015 | 26209266 |
| [evaluation of common commercial systems for the identification of yeast isolates in microbiology laboratories: a multicenter study]. | accurate and rapid identification of yeast isolates have become important in recent years for not only antifungal susceptibility testing due to the species-specific clinical resistance breakpoints but also early initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy. in clinical microbiology laboratories species identification of yeasts is often performed with several commercial systems based on biochemical properties and rarely according to the physiological and morphological characteristics. the aim of ... | 2015 | 26167821 |
| soudanones a-g: antifungal isochromanones from the ascomycetous fungus cadophora sp. isolated from an iron mine. | one new isochromane (pseudoanguillosporin c, 2), seven isochromanones (soudanones a-g, 3-9), and six known analogues including 10 and 11 were isolated from a culture of the fungus cadophora sp. 10-5-2 m, collected from the subterranean 10th level of the soudan underground iron mine in minnesota. all of the compounds were tested against a panel of microbial pathogens, and 2, 3, 10, and 11 were found to have activity against cryptococcus neoformans (mic = 35, 40, 20, and 30 μg/ml, respectively). c ... | 2015 | 26035018 |
| synthesis, antiproliferative and antifungal activities of 1,2,3-triazole-substituted carnosic acid and carnosol derivatives. | abietane diterpenes exhibit an array of interesting biological activities, which have generated significant interest among the pharmacological community. starting from the abietane diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol, twenty four new triazole derivatives were synthesized using click chemistry. the compounds differ in the length of the linker and the substituent on the triazole moiety. the compounds were assessed as antiproliferative and antifungal agents. the antiproliferative activity was det ... | 2015 | 26007173 |
| synergistic antifungal activity of berberine derivative b-7b and fluconazole. | our previous study demonstrated berberine (bbr) and fluconazole (flc) used concomitantly exhibited a synergism against flc-resistant candida albicans in vitro. we also suggested bbr played a major antifungal role in the synergism of flc and bbr, while flc increased intracellular bbr concentrations. our following systematic structural modification and reconstruction of bbr core identified the novel scaffold of n-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-2-(substituted phenyl)acet-amide derivatives 7a-i ... | 2015 | 25992630 |
| isavuconazole, micafungin, and 8 comparator antifungal agents' susceptibility profiles for common and uncommon opportunistic fungi collected in 2013: temporal analysis of antifungal drug resistance using clsi species-specific clinical breakpoints and proposed epidemiological cutoff values. | the in vitro activities of isavuconazole, micafungin, and 8 comparator antifungal agents were determined for 1613 clinical isolates of fungi (1320 isolates of candida spp., 155 of aspergillus spp., 103 of non-candida yeasts, and 35 non-aspergillus molds) collected during a global survey conducted in 2013. the vast majority of the isolates of the 21 different species of candida, with the exception of candida glabrata (mic90, 2 μg/ml), candida krusei (mic90, 1 μg/ml), and candida guilliermondii (m ... | 2015 | 25986029 |
| microwave-assisted synthesis of novel pyrazolo[3,4-g][1,8]naphthyridin-5-amine with potential antifungal and antitumor activity. | the microwave assisted reaction between heterocyclic o-aminonitriles 1 and cyclic ketones 2 catalyzed by zinc chloride led to new series of pyrazolo[3,4-b] [1,8]naphthyridin-5-amines 3 in good yields. this procedure provides several advantages such as being environmentally friendly, high yields, simple work-up procedure, broad scope of applicability and the protocol provides an alternative for the synthesis of pyrazolonaphthyridines. the whole series showed antifungal activities against candida ... | 2015 | 25985354 |
| antifungal susceptibility profiles of bloodstream yeast isolates by sensititre yeastone over nine years at a large italian teaching hospital. | sensititre yeastone (syo) is an affordable alternative to the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) reference method for antifungal susceptibility testing. in this study, the mics of yeast isolates from 1,214 bloodstream infection episodes, generated by syo during hospital laboratory activity (january 2005 to december 2013), were reanalyzed using current clsi clinical breakpoints/epidemiological cutoff values to assign susceptibility (or the wild-type [wt] phenotype) to systemic ant ... | 2015 | 25896705 |
| [effects of the environment on health of feral pigeons (columba livia)]. | we examined 80 feral pigeons and their fecal samples from two feral pigeon lofts of the "pigeon action of basel" (switzerland) for different pathogens. the tested material harbored four pathogenic agents transmissible to humans (chlamydia spp., salmonella spec., campylobacter jejuni, cryptococcus neoformans) in addition several pathogens were found which are no zoonotic agents but potentially pathogenic for the pigeons themselves, such as trichomonas gallinae, coccidia, helminths, ectoparasites ... | 2015 | 25876285 |
| molecular identification of fungal pathogens in nodular skin lesions of cats. | in a retrospective study, we investigated 52 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (ffpe) samples from cats with histologically confirmed cutaneous and subcutaneous mycoses to determine if the pathogens could be identified by molecular methods. aim of the study was to obtain a deep understanding of the spectrum of infectious agents, which, as we hypothesized, was not available by histopathology alone. detection of feline and fungal dna was achieved in 92.3% and 94.2% of the samples, respectively. mo ... | 2015 | 25550386 |
| biologically active and thermally stable polymeric schiff base and its metal polychelates: their synthesis and spectral aspects. | new metal polychelates of mn(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) obtained by the interaction of metal acetates with polymeric schiff base containing formaldehyde and piperazine, have been investigated. structural and spectroscopic properties have been evaluated by elemental analysis, ft-ir and (1)h-nmr. geometry of the chelated polymers was confirmed by magnetic susceptibility measurements, uv-visible spectroscopy and electron spin resonance. the molecular weight of the polymer was determined ... | 2015 | 25955762 |
| screening of antimicrobial activity of macroalgae extracts from the moroccan atlantic coast. | the aim of this work is the screening of the antimicrobial activity of seaweed extracts against pathogenic bacteria and yeasts. the antimicrobial activity of the dichloromethane and ethanol extracts of ten marine macroalgae collected from the moroccan's atlantic coast (el-jadida) was tested against two gram+ (bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus) and two gram- (escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa) human pathogenic bacteria, and against two pathogenic yeasts (candida albicans and c ... | 2015 | 25614071 |
| possible mechanism of antifungal phenazine-1-carboxamide from pseudomonas sp. against dimorphic fungi benjaminiella poitrasii and human pathogen candida albicans. | investigation of antifungal mechanism of phenazine 1-carboxamide (pc) produced by a pseudomonas strain mcc2142. | 2015 | 25348290 |
| the cryptococcus neoformans alkaline response pathway: identification of a novel rim pathway activator. | the rim101/pacc transcription factor acts in a fungal-specific signaling pathway responsible for sensing extracellular ph signals. first characterized in ascomycete fungi such as aspergillus nidulans and saccharomyces cerevisiae, the rim/pal pathway maintains conserved features among very distantly related fungi, where it coordinates cellular adaptation to alkaline ph signals and micronutrient deprivation. however, it also directs species-specific functions in fungal pathogens such as cryptococc ... | 2015 | 25859664 |
| silicon incorporated morpholine antifungals: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. | known morpholine class antifungals (fenpropimorph, fenpropidin, and amorolfine) were synthetically modified through silicon incorporation to have 15 sila-analogues. twelve sila-analogues exhibited potent antifungal activity against different human fungal pathogens such as candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, cryptococcus neoformans, and aspergillus niger. sila-analogue 24 (fenpropimorph analogue) was the best in our hands, which showed superior fungicidal potential than fenpro ... | 2015 | 26617963 |
| novel imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as promising antifungal agents against clinical isolate of cryptococcus neoformans. | we herein report the synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of twenty five novel hybrid derivatives of imidazo [2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole containing chalcones (5a-o) and schiff bases (6a-j) against three fungal strains (candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus niger). most of the tested compounds displayed substantial anti-fungal activity with mics ranging between 1.56 and 100 μg/ml. compounds 5a, 5b and 5n exhibited promising activity against c. neoformans at a mic 1.56 ... | 2015 | 25847769 |
| new technology and resources for cryptococcal research. | rapid advances in molecular biology and genome sequencing have enabled the generation of new technology and resources for cryptococcal research. rnai-mediated specific gene knock down has become routine and more efficient by utilizing modified shrna plasmids and convergent promoter rnai constructs. this system was recently applied in a high-throughput screen to identify genes involved in host-pathogen interactions. gene deletion efficiencies have also been improved by increasing rates of homolog ... | 2015 | 25460849 |
| endophytic fungal compounds active against cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii. | infections with cryptococcus are invasive mycoses associated with significant morbidity and mortality, mainly in immunosuppressed patients. several drugs have been introduced to combat these opportunistic infections. however, resistance of this organism to antifungal drugs has increased, causing difficulties in the treatment. the goal of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanol extracts from endophytic fungi isolated from plants collected from different brazilian ecosystems a ... | 2015 | 25712396 |
| cryptococcal meningitis in chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. | systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is a chronic immunologic disorder that can affect multiple organ systems and makes the patient susceptible to infection. cryptococcal meningitis (cm) is a rare but often fatal complication of sle. | 2015 | 25704191 |
| primary laryngeal cryptococcosis resembling laryngeal carcinoma. | a case of an 82-year-old female with primary laryngeal cryptococcosis who had undergone long-term corticosteroid therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rheumatoid arthritis is reported. she complained hoarseness with swallowing pain and irritability of the larynx for over a month. endoscopic examination revealed a white, exudative irregular region on right arytenoid that mimicked a laryngeal carcinoma. histological examination showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and severe su ... | 2015 | 25701260 |
| comparison of different in vitro tests to detect cryptococcus neoformans not susceptible to amphotericin b. | infections due to cryptococcus neoformans cause severe disease, mostly in aids patients. the antifungal drug recommended for the initial treatment of these infections is amphotericin b with or without flucytosine, but treatment failure occurs, associated with high mortality. thus, antifungal susceptibility testing is needed. however, the in vitro susceptibility tests available for c. neoformans are not useful to detect isolates that are not susceptible to antifungal agents such as amphotericin b ... | 2015 | 25700663 |
| a rare case of cryptococcus gattii pneumonia in a renal transplant patient. | cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii are environmental fungi that can cause fever, cough, pneumonia, meningoencephalitis, dissemination, and death. c. gattii causes cryptococcomas more frequently than does c. neoformans and may require prolonged antifungal treatment. we present a rare case of c. gattii pneumonia in a renal transplant patient. a 44-year-old man, living in a rural area endemic for c. gattii and who had received a kidney transplant, was admitted to the hospital with feve ... | 2015 | 25689604 |
| aging: an emergent phenotypic trait that contributes to the virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. | the pathogenic fungus, cryptococcus neoformans, is known to undergo phenotypic variation, which affects its virulence in the host. recent investigations on c. neoformans cells in humans have validated the concept that phenotypic variation is present and relevant for the outcome of chronic cryptococcosis. the c. neoformans capsule is not the only trait that varies among strains. an emerging variant is the "old cell phenotype" generated when c. neoformans undergoes replicative aging. this phenotyp ... | 2015 | 25689531 |
| positional cloning in cryptococcus neoformans and its application for identification and cloning of the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. | cryptococcus neoformans, a basidiomycetous human pathogenic yeast, has been widely used in research fields in medical mycology as well as basic biology. gene cloning or identification of the gene responsible for a mutation of interest is a key step for functional analysis of a particular gene. the availability therefore, of the multiple methods for cloning is desirable. in this study, we proposed a method for a mapping-based gene identification/cloning (positional cloning) method in c. neoforman ... | 2015 | 25687932 |
| puf4 regulates both splicing and decay of hxl1 mrna encoding the unfolded protein response transcription factor in cryptococcus neoformans. | the endoplasmic reticulum (er) responds to errors in protein folding or processing by induction of the unfolded protein response (upr). during conditions of er stress, unconventional splicing of an mrna encoding the upr-responsive transcription factor occurs at the er surface, resulting in activation of the upr. upr activation is necessary for adaptation to er stress and for the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans is an absolute requirement for temperature adaptation and virulence. in this ... | 2015 | 25681267 |
| cryptococcus gattii urease as a virulence factor and the relevance of enzymatic activity in cryptococcosis pathogenesis. | ureases (ec 3.5.1.5) are ni(2+) -dependent metalloenzymes produced by plants, fungi and bacteria that hydrolyze urea to produce ammonia and co2 . the insertion of nickel atoms into the apo-urease is better characterized in bacteria, and requires at least three accessory proteins: ured, uref, and ureg. our group has demonstrated that ureases possess ureolytic activity-independent biological properties that could contribute to the pathogenicity of urease-producing microorganisms. the presence of u ... | 2015 | 25675897 |
| cryptococcal brainstem abscess mimicking brain tumors in an immunocompetent patient. | usually fungal infections caused by opportunistic and pathogenic fungi had been an important cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. however clinical data and investigations for immunocompetent pathogenic fungal infections had been rare and neglected into clinical studies. especially cryptococcal brainstem abscess cases mimicking brain tumors were also much more rare. so we report this unusual case. this 47-year-old man presented with a history of progressively worseni ... | 2015 | 25674344 |
| cryptococcus gattii sero-mating type allelic pattern determined by multiplex pcr. | molecular methods to differentiate serotypes, mating types and molecular types of cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii are important tools to understand epidemiology and pathogenesis of these pathogens. in this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approach was applied to sero-mating typing of c. gattii strains. four pairs of primers were designed to target 4 allele-specific genes located in the mating-type locus. twenty-three c. gattii strains, presenting different mating types an ... | 2015 | 25658561 |
| fatal cryptococcosis involving multiple sites in an immunocompetent child. | disseminated cryptococcosis is less common in immunocompetent individuals. herein, we report a fatal case of cryptococcosis in apparently immunocompetent child with multiple site involvement. the yeast isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, blood, endotracheal, gastric and lymph node aspirate was identified by molecular method as cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. | 2015 | 25657136 |
| massive cerebral edema resulting in brain death as a complication of cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. | despite the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis has emerged as the second leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected patients worldwide. it presents usually as subacute or chronic disease but occasionally may be fulminant. common clinical presentations included headache, fever, and depressed level of consciousness. the infection affects both the subarachnoid space and brain parenchyma, and is characterized by a paucity ... | 2015 | 25656669 |
| uniparental mitochondrial dna inheritance is not affected in ustilago maydis δatg11 mutants blocked in mitophagy. | maternal or uniparental inheritance (upi) of mitochondria is generally observed in sexual eukaryotes, however, the underlying mechanisms are diverse and largely unknown. recently, based on the use of mutants blocked in autophagy, it has been demonstrated that autophagy is required for strict maternal inheritance in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. uniparental mitochondrial dna (mtdna) inheritance has been well documented for numerous fungal species, and in particular, has been shown to be ge ... | 2015 | 25652096 |
| macrophage mitochondrial and stress response to ingestion of cryptococcus neoformans. | human infection with cryptococcus neoformans, a common fungal pathogen, follows deposition of yeast spores in the lung alveoli. the subsequent host-pathogen interaction can result in eradication, latency, or extrapulmonary dissemination. successful control of c. neoformans infection is dependent on host macrophages, but macrophages display little ability to kill c. neoformans in vitro. recently, we reported that ingestion of c. neoformans by mouse macrophages induces early cell cycle progression ... | 2015 | 25646306 |