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community-acquired pneumonia in thai patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.infection, particularly pneumonia, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). this study was performed to assess the prevalence, causative organisms, and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in thai sle patients, and determine the predicting factors for death. a retrospective chart review of adult sle patients, age >16 years, seen at the division of rheumatology, chiang mai university over an 18 year period was carried out. cases di ...200717877230
tc-99m red blood cell scintigraphic detection of cmv-induced small bowel hemorrhage.a 4-month-old female child, recently diagnosed with parentally-acquired hiv complicated by moderate immunosuppression and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), presented with hematochezia. a tc-99m bleeding study was performed and demonstrated a site of brisk bleeding in the distal ileum. the patient was taken to the operating room and resection of the distal ileum revealed the presence of cytomegalovirus (cmv) enteritis. in immunocompromised children presenting with gastrointestinal (gi) hemorr ...200717885365
the recognition, physiology, and treatment of medication-induced methemoglobinemia: a case report.dapsone is a leprostatic agent commonly prescribed for the management of leprosy, malaria, and the immunosuppression-induced infections of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii. in susceptible patients, methemoglobinemia, a potentially life-threatening event, can occur. we report a case of dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia which was observed during general anesthesia for the management of a fractured mandible. the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of dapsone-induced methemoglobinem ...200717900210
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient on etanercept for psoriatic arthritis.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a rare form of pneumonia associated with immune-suppression. it is common in patients with aids and with a cd4 count of less than 200 cells/mm(3). we report a case of pcp secondary to immune-suppression in a 41-year-old man with psoriatic arthritis being treated with the immune-modulatory agent etanercept.200717906888
studies on fungal pumilio gene family through mining multiple genome-scale data sets.the genes belonging to pumilio gene family of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe (s. pombe) were compared with genome information of the several fungi and their functions have been inferred using public-access databases disclosed on the internet websites. the pumilio-family genes are conserved from yeast to man and have been considered to suppress the expression of other genes by binding their specific target messenger rnas. in s. pombe genome, nine genes belonging to pumilio gene famil ...200717932456
dapsone induced acute photosensitivity dermatitis; a case report and review of literature.dapsone is one of the main constituents of anti-leprosy treatment and has been in use for various dermatological and non-dermatological indications since the 1940s. dapsone-induced photosensitivity is a rare complication. only 11 cases seem to have been reported in the literature. we report a case of dapsone-induced photosensitivity in an indian patient with leprosy, and briefly review the literature. dapsone (diaminodiphenyl sulphone or dds) is the most commonly used anti-leprosy drug since the ...200718309716
[effects of fructus psoralea and brucea javanica on the level of il-2 and nk cell in rats infected with pneumocystis carinii].sd rat model of pcp was established by subcutaneous injection with dexamethasone. the treatment groups received fructus psoralea (fp, 10.0 mg/kg), brucea javanica (bj, 1.2 mg/kg) and a mixture of the two chinese herbs(fp 5mg/kg, bj 0.6 mg/kg) respectively. by means of detecting the level of il-2 in sera and nk cells in spleens, the effect of fp and bj on the level of il-2 and nk cells in rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was observed, with smzco treatment group (tmp 50 mg/kg, smz 25 ...200718442007
experience with alemtuzumab in treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in the netherlands.alemtuzumab (mabcampath) is a monoclonal antibody against cd52, indicated as third-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll). as most important side effect opportunistic infections are mentioned. it is, however, unknown whether these complications often lead to problems in general patient care in the netherlands.200717954952
correlations among measures of quality in hiv care in the united states: cross sectional study.to determine whether a selected set of indicators can represent a single overall quality construct.200717967826
the 'dark bronchus' sign: hrct diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.we report the importance of the 'dark bronchus' sign in the diagnosis of uniform, diffuse ground glass opacification on high resolution computerized tomography (hrct). this sign is useful to identify diffuse ground glass opacity on hrct in cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who may present with a normal or equivocal chest radiograph in the early course of disease.200719724672
pcp prophylaxis in perinatally hiv-exposed infant. 200819029576
use of different primer directed sequence amplification by polymerase chain reaction for identification of pneumocystis jirovecii in clinical samples.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), caused by opportunistic agent pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly, pneumocystis carinii is one of the most serious respiratory infection in immunocompromised patients.200819035050
lessons learned about opportunistic infections in southeast asia.southeast asia is a region where the number of people infected with hiv/aids is one of the fastest growing in the world. tuberculosis (tb) has grown along with the hiv epidemic. tb is not only the most common aids-defining illness but is also the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in aids patients. cryptococcosis (meningitis or disseminated) is one of the most common opportunistic infections in aids patients. cryptococcal meningitis is the first in the differential diagnosis considered wit ...200819058599
[pneumocystis pneumonia].pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly pneumocystis carinii) is an ascomycetous fungus that causes opportunistic pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, haematological/solid malignancies, transplant recipients and receiving chronic immunosuppressive medications. although the reports of defects of cell-mediated immunity in patients with diabetes abound, diabetes mellitus is not considerable risk of developing pneumocystis pneumonia. in th ...200819069107
clinical and epidemiological analysis of patients with hiv/aids admitted to a reference hospital in the northeast region of brazil.the aids epidemic has become a worldwide phenomenon of enormous magnitude and extension, deeply transforming medical practices and public health initiatives. this retrospective survey aimed to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with hiv/aids admitted to the institute of tropical diseases natan portella, teresina, piauí, brazil, from january, 2001 through december, 2004. of the 828 patients, 43% were from other states and 71.3% were men. average patient age was 35.4 ...200819082373
common aids-associated opportunistic infections. 200818975491
pneumocystis carinii exhibits a conserved meiotic control pathway.pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungus causing severe pneumonia in immune-compromised hosts. recent evidence suggests that pneumocystis exists as separate sex types, though definitive evidence is currently lacking. these studies were undertaken to determine whether pneumocystis maintains functional meiotic control molecules, which are required for sexual life stages in eukaryotes. using the pneumocystis carinii genome project database, two partial sequences for meiotic control molecules ...200817984205
n9-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines: synthesis and biological evaluation of lipophilic inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase.n9-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii (pc) and toxoplasma gondii (tg) dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). reduction of commercially available 2,4-diamino-6-nitroquinazoline 14 with raney nickel afforded 2,4,6-triaminoquinazoline 15. reductive amination of 15 with the appropriate benzaldehydes or naphthaldehydes, followed by n9-alkylation, afforded the target compounds 5- 13. in the 2,5-dimethoxybenzylamino substituted quinazoline ...200818771252
molecular phylogeny of pneumocystis based on 5.8s rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacers of rrna gene sequences.to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and species status of pneumocystis, the 5.8s rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacers (its, 1 and 2) of pneumocystis rrna derived from rat, gerbil and human were amplified, cloned and sequenced. the genetic distance matrix of six pneumocystis species compared with other fungi like taphrina and saccharomyces indicated that the pneumocystis genus contained multiple species including pneumocystis from gerbil. the phylogenetic tree also showed that pne ...200818785590
results of kidney transplantation from abo-incompatible living donors in a single institution.abo-incompatible kidney transplantation has become a popular alternative to kidney transplantation in japan because of the severe shortage of cadaveric donors. in our institution, 21 cases of abo-incompatible kidney transplantation were performed from april 2004, to october 2007. recipient age was 42.8 +/- 14.5 years old; there were 9 men and 12 women. duration of hemodialysis was 1,914 +/- 2,343 days. donor operation was performed using a complete laparoscopic procedure. recipient's splenectomy ...200818790214
using molecular docking, 3d-qsar, and cluster analysis for screening structurally diverse data sets of pharmacological interest.in this study, we propose a drug design approach which includes docking, molecular fingerprints based cluster analysis, and 'induced' descriptors based receptor-dependent 3d-qsar. the method was shown to be very useful for screening and modeling structurally diverse data sets of pharmacological interest. different from other receptor-dependent 3d-qsar, no ambiguous alignments are required for the construction of the models, and the computational cost is relatively lower. moreover, 'induced' desc ...200818816024
central retinal vein occlusion in an aids patient with presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 200818443615
development of spray dried liposomal dry powder inhaler of dapsone.this investigation was undertaken to evaluate practical feasibility of site specific pulmonary delivery of liposomal encapsulated dapsone (ds) dry powder inhaler for prolonged drug retention in lungs as an effective alternative in prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) associated with immunocompromised patients. ds encapsulated liposomes were prepared by thin film evaporation technique and resultant liposomal dispersion was passed through high pressure homogenizer. ds nano-liposomes ...200818446460
lymphopenia associated with adjuvant anthracycline/ taxane regimens.we observed 2 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurring in hiv-negative patients during treatment with dose-dense chemotherapy with doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (ac) followed by paclitaxel (t). these represent the first case reports of pcp occurring during dose-dense chemotherapy for breast cancer. because lymphocyte depletion is thought to predispose patients to pcp, we explored whether the shortened intervals between cycles during dose-dense chemotherapy might place patients at r ...200818757263
kinetic characterization of the first step of the ribozyme-catalyzed trans excision-splicing reaction.group i introns catalyze the self-splicing reaction, and their derived ribozymes are frequently used as model systems for the study of rna folding and catalysis, as well as for the development of non-native catalytic reactions. utilizing a group i intron-derived ribozyme from pneumocystis carinii, we previously reported a non-native reaction termed trans excision-splicing (tes). in this reaction, an internal segment of rna is excised from an rna substrate, resulting in the covalent reattachment ...200818479464
absence of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in liver transplantation recipients receiving short-term (3-month) prophylaxis.pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly known as pneumocystis carinii) is a fungal pathogen that causes pneumonia (pcp) in liver transplant recipients. consequently, prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smz) is typically administered for at least 1 year at most liver transplant programs. at our center we have utilized a short-term (3-month) prophylactic regimen with tmp/smz for the past decade and report our experience and speculate on the potential widespread application of this approach ...200818482201
[comparison of intravenous and intrarectal sivmac239 infections in rhesus monkeys of chinese origin].to investigate the biological and clinical features of chinese rhesus monkeys after intravenous (iv) and intrarectal (ir) challenge with sivmac239 in rhesus monkeys of chinese origin, and compare the differences between the routes of infection.200818505116
fatal pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a case of ectopic cushing's syndrome due to neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney.immunosuppression with subsequent opportunistic infections is a well-recognized complication of severe hypercortisolism. we report a case of fatal pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (formerly pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) in a case of ectopic cushing's syndrome caused by a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney. the 36-year old male patient had consulted a physician because of weight gain. further endocrine diagnostic work-up revealed acth-dependent hypercortisolism of non-pituitary origin. beca ...200818523920
tuberculosis as primary cause of death among aids cases in rio de janeiro, brazil.data from the mortality database, rio de janeiro city (rjc) health department, rio de janeiro, brazil.200818544202
[detection of coronavirus in experimental pneumocystic pneumonia].transmission electron microscopy (of ultrathin sections) was used to examine the biomass of lung tissue in the immunodeficiency minipigs experimentally infected with pneumocystis carinii. the material was found to contain pneumocysts, bacteria, and coronaviruses. there was a clear coronavirus-pneumocyst structural relationship. the findings suggest the combined effect of microorganisms of different systematic groups on the development of a pathological process in the experimental infection etiol ...200818557357
how to manage infections in the era of biologics?biologic agents are immunosuppressants that target cytokines or specific immune cell subpopulations. many therapies interfere with the normal inflammatory cascade and with the immune system, causing an increase in the incidence of infections. in particular, treatment with tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha antagonists in psoriasis patients is associated with an increased risk of infection caused by intracellular microorganisms. tnf-alpha plays an important role in host resistance against infectio ...200818564248
no occurrence of pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia in 120 adults undergoing myeloablative unrelated cord blood transplantation.the incidence of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii (pcp) (organism now renamed pneumocystis jiroveci) during the early period after cord blood transplantation (cbt) was studied in 120 adults. initially 89 patients (74%) received oral administration of 2 single-strength trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) tablets twice daily from day -21. in 45 of 89 patients (51%), tmp-smz administration for a scheduled duration was completed. in the remaining 44 patients (49%), however, tmp-smz admin ...200818564982
pneumocystis species, co-evolution and pathogenic power.the genus pneumocystis comprises uncultured, highly diversified microfungal organisms able to attach specifically to type-i alveolar epithelial cells and to proliferate in pulmonary alveoli provoking severe pneumonitis. the pathogenic potential of pneumocystis species, especially of the human-associated pneumocystis jirovecii, has stimulated a growing interest in these peculiar microfungi. however, a comprehensive understanding of basic biology and pathogenic power of pneumocystis organisms call ...200818565802
parenchymal cell tnf receptors contribute to inflammatory cell recruitment and respiratory failure in pneumocystis carinii-induced pneumonia.the opportunistic organism pneumocystis carinii (pc) produces a life-threatening pneumonia (pcp) in patients with low cd4(+) t cell counts. animal models of hiv-aids-related pcp indicate that development of severe disease is dependent on the presence of cd8(+) t cells and the tnf receptors (tnfr) tnfrsf1a and tnfrsf1b. to distinguish roles of parenchymal and hematopoietic cell tnf signaling in pcp-related lung injury, murine bone marrow transplant chimeras of wild-type, c57bl6/j, and tnfrsf1a/1b ...200818606695
variation in the major surface glycoprotein genes in pneumocystis jirovecii.the genome of pneumocystis, which causes life-threatening pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients, contains a multicopy gene family that encodes the major surface glycoprotein (msg). pneumocystis can vary the expressed msg, presumably as a mechanism to avoid host immune responses. analysis of 24 msg-gene sequences obtained from a single human isolate of pneumocystis demonstrated that the sequences segregate into 2 branches. results of a number of analyses suggest that recombination between msg ge ...200818627244
pneumocystis carinii: name changed? 200818627383
electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry study of pqaapro and pqproaa mimetic derivatives of the antimalarial primaquine.electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (esi-ms) of imidazolidin-4-one peptidomimetic derivatives of the antimalarial drug primaquine (pq) is reported. these compounds contain the imidazolidin-4-one moiety either at the n- or the c-terminal of a dipeptide backbone, thus respectively mimicking pq-amino acid-proline (pqaapro) and pqproaa derivatives of pq. both the peptidomimetics and precursors previously developed by us are promising drug candidates, as they were found to be active ag ...200818657994
ribozyme mediated trans insertion-splicing of modified oligonucleotides into rna.the trans insertion-splicing reaction, catalyzed by a group i intron-derived from pneumocystis carinii, was recently developed for the site-specific insertion of a segment of rna into a separate rna substrate. the molecular determinants of this reaction for binding and catalysis are reasonably well understood, making them easily and highly modifiable for altering substrate specificity. to demonstrate proof-of-concept, we now report that the p. carinii ribozyme can except modified oligonucleotide ...200818671935
incidence of urinary tract infections caused by germs resistant to antibiotics commonly used after renal transplantation.the inadequate utilization of antibiotics is responsible for the development of urinary tract infections (uti) after renal transplantation (rt), through the induction of resistance to the antibiotics themselves. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of resistance to cefotaxime (cef) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), routinely used for surgical perioperative prophylaxis and prevention of pneumocystis carinii, respectively.200818675078
tetrahymena thermophila and candida albicans group i intron-derived ribozymes can catalyze the trans-excision-splicing reaction.group i intron-derived ribozymes can catalyze a variety of non-native reactions. for the trans-excision-splicing (tes) reaction, an intron-derived ribozyme from the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii catalyzes the excision of a predefined region from within an rna substrate with subsequent ligation of the flanking regions. to establish tes as a general ribozyme-mediated reaction, intron-derived ribozymes from tetrahymena thermophila and candida albicans, which are similar to but not the ...200818684993
dose-intensity temozolomide after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in operated high-grade gliomas.we performed a new phase ii trial enrolling patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma (hgg) to test the efficacy of a weekly alternating temozolomide (tmz) schedule after surgery and concomitant chemoradiotherapy.200818688571
activity of propolis in an experimental model of pneumocystosis.to investigate the anti pneumocystis effects of propolis on pneumocystis carinii p. carinii in rat model.200818690302
structural analysis of a holoenzyme complex of mouse dihydrofolate reductase with nadph and a ternary complex with the potent and selective inhibitor 2,4-diamino-6-(2'-hydroxydibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl)methylpteridine.it has been shown that 2,4-diamino-6-arylmethylpteridines and 2,4-diamino-5-arylmethylpyrimidines containing an o-carboxylalkyloxy group in the aryl moiety are potent and selective inhibitors of the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from opportunistic pathogens such as pneumocystis carinii, the causative agent of pneumocystis pneumonia in hiv/aids patients. in order to understand the structure-activity profile observed for a series of substituted dibenz[b,f]azepine antifolates, the crystal structur ...200818703847
[application of fibrotic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary diffuse infiltration following bone marrow transplantation].in order to evaluate the diagnostic value of fibrotic bronchoscopy (fb) in the pulmonary infiltration following bone marrow transplantation (bmt), 18 patients with pulmonary complications after bmt from november 2003 to march 2006 were performed with fb. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and brushing were performed in patients who had received short-term empirical therapy without good response, and transbronchial lung biopsy (tblb) was carried out in 3 cases. the results showed that 9 out of 10 cases ...200818718097
respiratory infection complicating hiv infection.respiratory infections remain a major cause of morbidity among hiv-infected persons. thus, knowledge of recent advances regarding hiv-associated opportunistic pneumonias is crucial for optimal care of hiv-infected persons.200818317044
interleukin-12 and host defense against murine pneumocystis pneumonia.little is known about the role of the cytokine interleukin-12 (il-12) in pneumocystis pneumonia or its potential use as immunotherapy. we asked whether release of il-12 is part of the normal host response to this infection and whether local treatment with il-12 or gene transfer of il-12 could accelerate clearance of infection. il-12 was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in normal mice and in mice deficient in il-12 after inoculation of pneumocystis carinii. p. carinii-infected mice we ...200818332204
[temozolomide: temodal].the oral alkylating agent, temozolomide (temodal: tmz), is the only anticancer drug that has been shown in a phase iii study to improve survival in glioblastoma (gbm) when administered with concomitant radiotherapy. pharmacokinetic studies have documented relatively high concentrations of tmz in brain tumors and cerebrospinal fluid (20-40% of the area under the plasma concentration curve), and other studies have demonstrated that tmz is effective for treatment of various brain tumors, including ...200818347414
a pneumocystis carinii group i intron-derived ribozyme utilizes an endogenous guanosine as the first reaction step nucleophile in the trans excision-splicing reaction.in the trans excision-splicing reaction, a pneumocystis carinii group i intron-derived ribozyme binds an rna substrate, excises a specific internal segment, and ligates the flanking regions back together. this reaction can occur both in vitro and in vivo. in this report, the first of the two reaction steps was analyzed to distinguish between two reaction mechanisms: ribozyme-mediated hydrolysis and nucleotide-dependent intramolecular transesterification. we found that the 3'-terminal nucleotide ...200818363339
causes of the first aids-defining illness and subsequent survival before and after the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy.to analyse the impact of combined antiretroviral treatment (cart) on survival with aids, according to the nature of the first aids-defining clinical illness (adi); to examine trends in aids-defining causes (adc) and non-aids-defining causes (non-adc) of death.200818366449
[the diagnostic value of transbronchial lung biopsy in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases].this study was to evaluate the efficacy and limitations of transbronchial lung biopsy (tblb) in the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (dpld).200818366902
novel bisbenzimidazoles with antileishmanial effectiveness.a small library of 2,2'-[(alpha,omega-alkanediylbis(oxyphenylene)]bis-1h-benzimidazoles has been prepared and screened in vitro against pneumocystis carinii, trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and leishmania donovani. among the six tested compounds two derivatives emerged as promising hits characterized by ic(50) values lower than that determined for pentamidine against l. donovani.200818367395
antiparasitic activities and toxicities of individual enantiomers of the 8-aminoquinoline 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3,4-dichlorophenoxy]quinoline succinate.8-aminoquinolines are an important class of antiparasitic agents, with broad utility and excellent efficacy, but also limitations due to hematological toxicities, primarily methemoglobinemia and hemolysis. one representative from this class, (+/-)-8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3,4-dichlorophenoxy]quinoline succinate (npc1161c), proved extremely efficacious in animal models of malaria and pneumocystis pneumonia. this racemic mixture was separated into its component enanti ...200818378716
hypobaric hypoxia-related impairment of pulmonary surfactant proteins a and d did not favour pneumocystis carinii frenkel 1999 growth in non-immunocompromised rats.it has been suggested that patients with pulmonary surfactant impairment are more susceptible to pneumocystis infection than healthy controls. owing the fact that most patients with pulmonary surfactant impairment also suffer from hypoxia, we explored the effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia conditions on the ability of non-immunocompromised rats infected by endotracheal route with p. carinii to clear the infection from their lungs. control rats, inoculated or not with p. carinii, were maint ...200818416247
molecular evidence of nosocomial pneumocystis jirovecii transmission among 16 patients after kidney transplantation.in recent years, clusters of pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia (pcp) among immunocompromised individuals have been reported. mostly, the source of infections was suspected to be within the clinical settings when transplant recipients and pcp patients shared hospital facilities. we report on a cluster of 16 renal transplant recipients positive for p. jirovecii. none of them received anti-pneumocystis prophylaxis prior to p. jirovecii detection. epidemiological studi ...200818216217
type b insulin resistance syndrome induced by increased activity of systemic lupus erythematosus in a hemodialysis patient.a-23-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and on hemodialysis for 5 years was admitted to the hospital because of severe general fatigue. on admission, laboratory findings showed that fasting plasma glucose levels ranged from 25 â 45 mg/dl, a test for antinuclear antibody (ana) was positive (1 : 320, with a discrete-speckled pattern), serum c3 and c4 complement and ch50 level were remarkably depressed (22.5 mg/dl, < 5.1 mg/dl, < 13 u/ml, respectively), and insulin receptor anti ...200818218307
didactic lessons from the serum lactate dehydrogenase posttransplant: a clinical vignette.posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ptld) is a serious complication after solid organ transplantation. an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) is a marker of ptld activity. we report the case of a 58-year-old female renal transplant patient with a prior history of extranodal ptld, which developed 19 years after a second transplant. she was successfully treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (r-chop) and maintained subsequently on sirolimu ...200818294352
it is time to move: pneumocystis jirovecii, not pneumocystis carinii. 200818309025
s-adenosylmethionine levels in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection.s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) is a key molecule involved in methylation reactions and polyamine synthesis. pneumocystis carinii are unable to synthesize this molecule and have been shown to scavenge this metabolic intermediate from the plasma of rats during active infection. a prior study involving humans strongly suggested that low levels of plasma adomet are sensitive and specific indicators of acute infection.200818177224
botryomycosis caused by staphylococcus aureus and pneumocystis carinii in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency disease.botryomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, granulomatous and/or suppurative, opportunistic infection affecting the skin and viscera, primarily caused by bacteria. the exact pathogenesis of this infection is not well understood. however, both the host's immune status and microbial infectivity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this unusual clinical condition. to date, botryomycosis caused by a nonbacterial pathogen has not been reported in the literature. we report a case of cutaneous botryo ...200818177488
pneumocystis pcint1, a molecule with integrin-like features that mediates organism adhesion to fibronectin.pneumocystis species cause severe pneumonia during chronic immunosuppression, especially in patients with aids or malignancy. adhesion of pneumocystis to extracellular matrix proteins, particularly fibronectin, associated with alveolar epithelial cell surfaces, triggers organism proliferative pathways. herein, we report the characterization of a novel pneumocystis molecule with considerable structural features of an integrin-like extracellular matrix adhesion receptor. a pcint1115 bp probe was i ...200818179594
the effect of care team composition on the quality of hiv care.compared to single-clinician care, care provided by multiple clinicians might result in higher-quality care, especially if some of them have condition-specific expertise and complementary knowledge, skills, and roles. individual physician continuity, which has been shown to be associated with care quality, necessarily decreases when care is provided by multiple clinicians. this study uses data from the hiv cost and services utilization study to assess the effect of care team composition on the q ...200818184871
[primary cerebellar t-cell lymphoma].primary central nervous system t-cell lymphomas are rare and have to be differentiated from reactive lesions. it is therefore essential to use all possible tools to establish the diagnosis, including immunohistochemistry, molecular genetic analysis, and/or cytogenetic methods. in this paper we present the case of a primary cerebellar t-cell lymphoma in a 50-year-old man; a clonal t-cell receptor gene rearrangement was documented. after two cycles of methotrexate therapy the patient developed pne ...200817934733
valganciclovir prevents cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients receiving alemtuzumab-based therapy.alemtuzumab is an immunosuppressive antibody that depletes normal t cells and b cells. prophylaxis for herpes virus and pneumocystis carinii is standard with this agent. approximately 20% to 25% of patients will experience cytomegalovirus (cmv) reactivation. we conducted a randomized trial wherein patients being treated with an alemtuzumab-containing regimen received prophylaxis with either valaciclovir 500 mg orally daily or valganciclovir 450 mg orally twice daily. the study design planned to ...200818039954
pneumocystis encodes a functional s-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene.s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) synthetase (ec 2.5.1.6) is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of adomet, a molecule important for all cellular organisms. we have cloned and characterized an adomet synthetase gene (sam1) from pneumocystis spp. this gene was transcribed primarily as an approximately 1.3-kb mrna which encodes a protein containing 381 amino acids in p. carinii or p. murina and 382 amino acids in p. jirovecii. sam1 was also transcribed as part of an apparent polycistronic transcri ...200818065654
anti-pneumocystis carinii and antiplasmodial activities of primaquine-derived imidazolidin-4-ones.a series of primaquine-derived imidazolidin-4-ones were screened for their in vitro activity against pneumocystis carinii and plasmodium falciparum w2 strain. most compounds were active against p. carinii above 10 microg/ml and displayed slight to marked activity. the imidazolidin-4-ones most active against p. carinii were also those most active antiplasmodial agents, in the mum range. one of the tested imidazolidin-4-ones was slightly more active than the parent primaquine and may represent a l ...200818077165
phase i study of the combination of nedaplatin and weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.this trial was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (mtd), principal toxicity, and recommended dose for phase ii study of the combination of nedaplatin and weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc).200817589845
carbamate prodrugs of n-alkylfuramidines.the synthesis and evaluation of 2,5-bis[4-(n-ethoxycarbonyl-n'-isopropyl)amidinophenyl]furan, 2,5-bis[4-(n-2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl-n'-isopropyl)amidinophenyl]furan and 2,5-bis[4-(n-cyclopentyl-n'-2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)amidinophenyl]furan as prodrugs of bis-n-alkylamidines are reported. the results show that the bis-2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbamates function effectively in a rat model for pneumocystis pneumonia.200817499888
[detection of toxoplasma gondii dna by loop-mediated isothermal amplification].to detect toxoplasma gondii dna by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp).200824818377
[a case of interstitial pneumonitis induced by folfiri+bevacizumab combination therapy for liver and lung metastasis of colon cancer].a 64 -year-old female received oral s-1 chemotherapy followed by mfolfox6 chemotherapy for postoperative liver and lung metastasis of sigmoid colon cancer. the tumor progression was observed after twelve courses of mfolfox6 chemotherapy, and then folfiri+bevacizumab chemotherapy was performed. after two courses of folfiri+bevacizumab chemotherapy, leucopenia was observed. the chemotherapy was then discontinued and g-csf was administered. two days later she complained of high fever and dry cough, ...200920009477
[pneumocystosis distribution among accident liquidators in the chernobyl nuclear power plant in remote period].the goal of the present study was to discover etiological role of pneumocystis carini/jiroveci and to determine frequency of pneumocystic infection in the structure of bronchopulmonary pathology among armenians-liquidators of accident consequences in the chernobyl nuclear power plant. for the study, 65 patients-liquidators with diagnosed pneumonia, 44 liquidators with chronic bronchitis and 34 with bronchial asthma were examined. the control group was included 65 patients with pneumonia, 44 with ...200919644205
late-onset and atypical presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient.pneumocystis jivorecii (formerly known as carinii) pneumonia (pcp) is potentially a life-threatening opportunistic infection after organ transplantation, occurring most frequently in the first 12 months, where the incidence rate is several-fold higher than in later years. pcp typically presents with fever, cough, dyspnoea and hypoxia. in organ transplant recipients, the onset of symptoms is generally more fulminant compared to patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. we present a ...200918758701
four consecutive multicenter phase ii trials of adjuvant chemoradiation in patients with completely resected high-risk gastric cancer: the experience of the german aio/aro/cao group.feasibility and efficacy of four different adjuvant radiochemotherapy regimens in patients with completely resected gastric cancer were evaluated in consecutive cooperative phase ii trials using different 5-fluorouracil (5-fu)-based combination chemotherapies (ctx) and 5-fu-enhanced radiotherapy.200918825411
long-term survival after postpartum liver rupture and necrosis requiring liver transplantation in a twin pregnancy.a 32-year-old g6p5 (hepatitis b carrier, of african origin) with a spontaneous twin pregnancy gave birth at the 37th gestational week. four hours later she collapsed. upon an emergency laparotomy, right liver lobe rupture and later massive liver necrosis were diagnosed. four days later, a liver transplantation was performed. she was discharged from the hospital 38 days after her delivery, four laparotomies, and having received 179 units of red blood cells, 221 units of fresh frozen plasma, 144 u ...200918843188
phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of taphrinomycotina, including schizosaccharomyces fission yeasts.several morphologically dissimilar ascomycete fungi including schizosaccharomyces, taphrina, saitoella, pneumocystis, and neolecta have been grouped into the taxon taphrinomycotina (archiascomycota or archiascomycotina), originally based on rrna phylogeny. these analyses lack statistically significant support for the monophyly of this grouping, and although confirmed by more recent multigene analyses, this topology is contradicted by mitochondrial phylogenies. to resolve this inconsistency, we h ...200918922765
efficacy of 99mtc-dtpa lung clearance test in the diagnosis of pcp in hiv-positive patients.the study aims to evaluate the efficacy of technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((99m)tc-dtpa) lung clearance test in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-positive paediatric patients. twenty hiv-negative patients with no chest symptoms constituted group a, 25 hiv antibody positive asymptomatic children formed group b, while 45 hiv antibody positive children with respiratory infections comprised group c. group c was subdivided into c(1) (n = 20, documented pc ...200918782858
long-term outcomes to fludarabine and rituximab in waldenström macroglobulinemia.we report the long-term outcome of a multicenter, prospective study examining fludarabine and rituximab in waldenström macroglobulinemia (wm). wm patients with less than 2 prior therapies were eligible. intended therapy consisted of 6 cycles (25 mg/m(2) per day for 5 days) of fludarabine and 8 infusions (375 mg/m(2) per week) of rituximab. a total of 43 patients were enrolled. responses were: complete response (n = 2), very good partial response (n = 14), partial response (n = 21), and minor res ...200919015393
review of zoonotic parasites in medical and veterinary fields in the republic of korea.zoonotic parasites are animal parasites that can infect humans. the major zoonotic protozoa in the republic of korea are babesia bovis, chilomastix mesnili, cryptosporidium parvum, endolimax nana, entamoeba coli, entamoeba hitolytica, giardia lamblia, iodamoeba bütschlii, pneumocystis carinii, sarcocystis cruzi, and toxoplasma gondii. the major zoonotic helminths in korea include trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. trematodes are clonorchis sinensis, echinostoma hortense, echinostoma spp., fasc ...200919885329
a survival case of abo-incompatible liver transplantation complicated with severe preoperative infection and subsequent overwhelming postsplenectomy infection.a 47-year-old japanese man was transferred to our hospital because of acute-on-chronic hepatitis b virus infection. on admission, he was suffering from sepsis due to a catheter infection and respiratory failure caused by pulmonary edema and pneumonia, but, as a result of preoperative intensive care, we avoided septic shock. abo-incompatible liver transplantation (abo-i-lt) was performed. in accordance with our abo-i-lt protocol, we administered, rituximab and performed plasma exchange, splenecto ...200919917418
prevalence of helicobacter hepaticus, murine norovirus, and pneumocystis carinii and eradication efficacy of cross-fostering in genetically engineered mice.we investigated the prevalence of helicobacter hepaticus, murine norovirus (mnv), and pneumocystis carinii and the efficacy of cross-fostering for their eradication in 49 genetically engineered mouse (gem) strains at our institute. prevalences of h. hepaticus, mnv, and p. carinii were 33.9, 36.5, and 8.6%, respectively, and immunodeficient strains showed relatively higher prevalence of the 3 pathogens than immunocompetent strains. additionally, the same immune phenotype strains showed similar pr ...200919897933
[aids and injecting drug use: survival determinants in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era].to estimate survival, after aids diagnosis, in people who got infected with hiv through injecting drug use (idus), to identify among variables collected at aids diagnosis those which were associated to prognosis and to assess the frequency of morbid conditions at death.200920124634
mortality among hiv-infected patients in resource limited settings: a case controlled analysis of inpatients at a community care center.problem statement: despite massive national efforts to scale up antiretroviral therapy (art) access in india since 2004, the aids death rate was 17.2 per 100,000 persons during 2003-2005. in the era of haart in resource poor settings, it is imperative to understand and address the causes of aids related mortality. this collaborative study aimed at defining the predictors of mortality among people living with hiv/aids (plha) admitted during 2003-2005 to the freedom foundation (ff) care and suppor ...200920204076
[immunogenicity of p55 gene fragment from pneumocystis carinii].to evaluate immunogenicity of the recombinant protein gst-p55/570 of pneumocystis carinii.200920232632
oxidosqualene cyclase from saccharomyces cerevisiae, trypanosoma cruzi, pneumocystis carinii and arabidopsis thaliana expressed in yeast: a model for the development of novel antiparasitic agents.a series of 25 compounds, some of which previously were described as inhibitors of human liver microsomal oxidosqualene cyclase (osc), were tested as inhibitors of saccharomyces cerevisiae, trypanosoma cruzi, pneumocystis carinii and arabidopsis thaliana oscs expressed in an osc-defective strain of s. cerevisiae. the screening identified three derivatives particularly promising for the development of novel anti-trypanosoma agents and eight derivatives for the development of novel anti-pneumocyst ...200919119009
pneumocystis mediates overexpression of antizyme inhibitor resulting in increased polyamine levels and apoptosis in alveolar macrophages.pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) is the most common opportunistic disease in immunocompromised patients. alveolar macrophages are responsible for the clearance of pneumocystis organisms; however, they undergo a high rate of apoptosis during pcp due to increased intracellular polyamine levels. in this study, the sources of polyamines and mechanisms of polyamine increase and polyamine-induced apoptosis were investigated. the level of ornithine decarboxylase (odc) was elevated in alveolar macrophages, ...200919158080
correlations of inhibitor kinetics for pneumocystis jirovecii and human dihydrofolate reductase with structural data for human active site mutant enzyme complexes.to understand the role of specific active site residues in conferring selective dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibition from pathogenic organisms such as pneumocystis carinii (pc) or pneumocystis jirovecii (pj), the causative agent in aids pneumonia, it is necessary to evaluate the role of these residues in the human enzyme. we report the first kinetic parameters for dhfr from pjdhfr and pcdhfr with methotrexate (mtx), trimethoprim (tmp), and its potent analogue, py957. we also report the muta ...200919196009
opportunistic cytomegalovirus infection in a patient receiving temozolomide for treatment of malignant glioma.treatment of malignant gliomas has changed substantially over the last few years. an oral alkylating agent, temozolomide, has become the standard agent for glioma management. although it is generally well tolerated, it can cause lymphopenia and may lead to opportunistic infections. we report on a patient with malignant glioma who developed opportunistic cytomegalovirus (cmv) pneumonia following the termination of temozolomide therapy. the patient was admitted with acute dyspnea, fever and hypoxi ...200919201195
retrospective review of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia over two decades.the aim of the study was to compare a retrospective case note review of all cases of pneumocystis carinii (now pneumocystis jirovecii) pneumonia (pjp) over the period 1997-2004 at north manchester general hospital with a previous audit covering the years 1986-1995. during 1986-1995, 777 patients were diagnosed with hiv. one hundred and eighty-one were also diagnosed with pjp. of these, 11 patients required ventilation with a mortality rate of 100%. for the current review during 1997-2004, 210 pa ...200919255271
refractory kaposiform hemangioendothelioma that expressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (vegfr)-2 and vegfr-3: a case report.this report describes the case of a 10-month-old boy who was diagnosed to have kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (khe) with kasabach-merritt syndrome (kms), which is a rare pediatric vascular tumor with a high mortality rate. although both khe with kms were resistant to various therapies, such as oral prednisolone, sclerotherapy, and chemotherapy, repeated radiation therapy with methylprednisolone pulse therapy did reduce the volume of khe and improved the symptoms of kms. unfortunately, a regrowt ...200919262246
management of temozolomide toxicity by nurse practitioners in neuro-oncology.to investigate the toxicity of temozolomide (tmz) in patients with brain tumors and appropriate nursing interventions.200919273412
small molecule microarrays of rna-focused peptoids help identify inhibitors of a pathogenic group i intron.peptoids that inhibit the group i intron rna from candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogen that kills immunocompromised hosts, have been identified using microarrays. the arrayed peptoid library was constructed using submonomers with moieties similar to ones found in small molecules known to bind rna. library members that passed quality control analysis were spotted onto a microarray and screened for binding to the c. albicans group i intron ribozyme. each ligand binder identified from microa ...200919278238
the pneumocystis meiotic pcran1p kinase exhibits unique temperature-regulated activity.pneumocystis organisms are opportunistic fungal pathogens that cause significant pneumonia in immune-compromised hosts. recent evidence has suggested that pneumocystis carinii exists as separate mating types, and expresses and regulates proteins that govern meiosis and progression of the life cycle. this study was undertaken to investigate the activity of three life cycle-regulatory proteins in pneumocystis, including two proteins essential in mating signaling, and a putative meiotic regulator, ...200919286979
demographic & clinical profile of hiv infected children accessing care at tambaram, chennai, india.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is severely affecting the poorly educated and economically disadvantaged in indian society. when children start developing clinical manifestations, needing treatment, they have to travel long distances for accessing care and support at tertiary institutions. this places an extra burden on patients, who are already struggling to cope with their illness. sufficient data are needed for the government to evolve appropriate policy for providing care to the children ...200919287056
the case: acute kidney injury in a patient with p. carinii pneumonia. 200919337226
hiv in pregnancy: a case of pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia.this review highlights the rising prevalence of hiv in pregnancy both in the developed and developing world. it focuses on the challenges of diagnosis and management of pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia in an hiv-positive pregnant woman. public health efforts need to continue addressing testing at the earliest opportunity, the psychosocial issues which impact negatively on the care of hiv-positive individuals and ways to reduce stigmatisation associated with this viral illness.200919421761
characterization of a novel adam protease expressed by pneumocystis carinii.pneumocystis species are opportunistic fungal pathogens that cause severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. recent evidence has suggested that unidentified proteases are involved in pneumocystis life cycle regulation. proteolytically active adam (named for "a disintegrin and metalloprotease") family molecules have been identified in some fungal organisms, such as aspergillus fumigatus and schizosaccharomyces pombe, and some have been shown to participate in life cycle regulation. accordingly ...200919451239
[a case of aids patient complicated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 200919459515
oral kaposi sarcoma: a case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.wider use of highly active antiretroviral treatment (haart) for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1)-infected patients has significantly altered the pattern of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related clinical signs and symptoms and has revolutionized the therapeutic modalities for these patients. immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) is a paradox of clinical worsening of opportunistic infections in the context of response to haart and immunological recovery. here we pres ...200919464210
role of ct-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with hematologic diseases.the goal of our study is to evaluate the efficiency and safety of ct-guided percutaneous lung biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with hematologic disease. medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 16 patients with hematologic diseases, who were initially suspected to have pulmonary fungal infection clinically and underwent further diagnostic methods including blood culture, sputum culture and percutaneous lung biopsy. of the 16 patients, 10 were diagnosed ...200919468797
misinformation about pneumocystis. 200919558583
hiv/aids, parasites and co-infections: publication patterns in china.abstract:200919589143
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