Publications

nitrogen fertilizer management for enhancing crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in a rice-oilseed rape rotation system in china.	the use of efficient rates of nitrogen (n) fertilizer application is important with regard to increasing crop productivity and maintaining environmental sustainability. rice-oilseed rape rotations are a mainstay of the economy and food security of china. therefore, a field experiment was carried out during 2011-2013 in honghu to identify the most appropriate n application rates for enhancing crop productivity and n use efficiency for rice (oryza sativa l.)-oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) rotati ...	2016	27746809
enhanced salt tolerance under nitrate nutrition is associated with apoplast na+ content in canola (brassica. napus l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) plants.	to analyze the effect of nitrogen form on salt stress, we studied the response of two different plant species, canola (brassica napus l.), a dicotyledon which prefers no3(-) nutrition, and rice (oryza sativa l.), a monocotyledon which prefers nh4(+) nutrition, to salt stress under no3(-) (nn) and nh4(+) (an) nutrition. salt stress was simulated by the addition of 150 and 100 mm nacl to nn (nns) and an (ans) in canola and rice seedlings, respectively. salt stress induced reductions of shoot and r ...	2016	27519313
modern breeding and biotechnological approaches to enhance carotenoid accumulation in seeds.	there is an increasing demand for carotenoids, which are fundamental components of the human diet, for example as precursors of vitamin a. carotenoids are also potent antioxidants and their health benefits are becoming increasingly evident. protective effects against prostate cancer and age-related macular degeneration have been proposed for lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin, respectively. additionally, β-carotene, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin are high-value carotenoids used by the food industry a ...	2016	27485229
characteristics of heavy metal transfer and their influencing factors in different soil-crop systems of the industrialization region, china.	soil heavy metals and their bioaccumulation in agricultural products have attracted widespread concerns, yet the transfer and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in different soil-crop systems was rarely investigated. soil and crop samples were collected from the typical agricultural areas in the yangtze river delta region, china. the concentrations of cu, pb, zn, cd and hg in the soils, roots and grains of rice (oryza sativa l.), wheat (triticum l.) and canola (brassica napus l.) were ...	2016	26771531
constitutive expression of capla1 conferred enhanced growth and grain yield in transgenic rice plants.	phospholipids are not only important components of cell membranes, but participate in diverse processes in higher plants. in this study, we generated capsicum annuum phospholipiase a1 (capla1) overexpressing transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. the t4 capla1-overexpressing rice plants (ubi:capla1) had a higher root:shoot mass ratio than the wild-type plants in the vegetative stage. leaf epidermal cells from transgenic plants had more cells t ...	2016	26803502
capub1, a hot pepper u-box e3 ubiquitin ligase, confers enhanced cold stress tolerance and decreased drought stress tolerance in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.).	abiotic stresses such as drought and low temperature critically restrict plant growth, reproduction, and productivity. higher plants have developed various defense strategies against these unfavorable conditions. capub1 (capsicum annuum putative u-box protein 1) is a hot pepper u-box e3 ub ligase. transgenic arabidopsis plants that constitutively expressed capub1 exhibited drought-sensitive phenotypes, suggesting that it functions as a negative regulator of the drought stress response. in this s ...	2016	26674966
corrigendum: transcriptomic comparison between brassica oleracea and rice (oryza sativa) reveals diverse modulations on cell death in response to sclerotinia sclerotiorum.		2016	27721501
transcriptomic comparison between brassica oleracea and rice (oryza sativa) reveals diverse modulations on cell death in response to sclerotinia sclerotiorum.	sclerotinia stem rot caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating disease of brassica crops, but not in rice. the leaves of a rice line, a partial resistant (r) and a susceptible (s) brassica oleracea pool that bulked from a resistance-segregating f2 population were employed for transcriptome sequencing before and after inoculation by s. sclerotiorum for 6 and 12 h. distinct transcriptome profiles were revealed between b. oleracea and rice in response to s. sclerotiorum. enrichment analys ...	2016	27647523
review of anthraquinone applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection.	we have reviewed published anthraquinone applications for international pest management and agricultural crop protection from 1943 to 2016. anthraquinone (aq) is commonly found in dyes, pigments and many plants and organisms. avian repellent research with aq began in the 1940s. in the context of pest management, aq is currently used as a chemical repellent, perch deterrent, insecticide and feeding deterrent in many wild birds, and in some mammals, insects and fishes. criteria for evaluation of e ...	2016	27252044
the effect of green synthesized cuo nanoparticles on callogenesis and regeneration of oryza sativa l.	in this study, we have investigated the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles (cuo-nps) on callogenesis and regeneration of oryza sativa l (super basmati, basmati 2000, basmati 370, and basmati 385). in this regard, cuo-nps have been bio-synthesized via azadirachta indica leaf extract. scanning electron microscope (sem) analysis depicts average particle size of 40 ± 5 nm with highly homogenous and spherical morphology. x-ray diffraction (xrd) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) hav ...	2016	27630655
uptake and decomposition of the herbicide propanil in the plant bidens pilosa l. dominating in the yangtze three gorges reservoir (tgr), china.	propanil (3',4'-dichloropropionanilide) is a selective post emergence herbicide for controlling broad leaf and grass weeds in rice (oryza sativa l.). after being taken up by plants, the fate of propanil in decomposing plant material is of particular importance to the phytoremediation of the environment. therefore, we investigated the biotransformation of propanil in the plant bidens pilosa under conditions close to those present in the three gorges reservoir (tgr), china. plants pre-treated with ...	2016	26846318
pyricularia graminis-tritici, a new pyricularia species causing wheat blast.	pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice pathogen and in the last 30 years emerged as an important wheat pathogen in southern brazil. we conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci for 128 isolates of p. oryzae sampled from sympatric populations of wheat, rice, and grasses growing in or near wheat fields. phylogenetic analyses grouped the isolates into thr ...	2016	28232765
resilience of rice (oryza spp.) pollen germination and tube growth to temperature stress.	resilience of rice cropping systems to potential global climate change will partly depend on the temperature tolerance of pollen germination (pg) and tube growth (ptg). pollen germination of high temperature-susceptible oryza glaberrima steud. (cv. cg14) and oryza sativa l. ssp. indica (cv. ir64) and high temperature-tolerant o. sativa ssp. aus (cv. n22), was assessed on a 5.6-45.4 °c temperature gradient system. mean maximum pg was 85% at 27 °c with 1488 μm ptg at 25 °c. the hypothesis that in ...	2016	25346255
segregation of nod-containing and nod-deficient bradyrhizobia as endosymbionts of arachis hypogaea and as endophytes of oryza sativa in intercropped fields of bengal basin, india.	bradyrhizobial invasion in dalbergoid legumes like arachis hypogaea and endophytic bacterial invasions in non-legumes like oryza sativa occur through epidermal cracks. here, we show that there is no overlap between the bradyrhizobial consortia that endosymbiotically and endophytically colonise these plants. to minimise contrast due to phylogeographic isolation, strains were collected from arachis/oryza intercropped fields and a total of 17 bradyrhizobia from arachis (wbah) and 13 from oryza (wbo ...	2016	27102878
study of cis-cinnamic acid in arabidopsis thaliana.	trans-cinnamic acid (ca) can be isomerized to cis-ca in arabidopsis thaliana extract under sunlight. piperonylic acid treatment of arabidopsis under ultraviolet (uv) light increased the level of cis-ca in these treated tissues. similarly, cis-ca was also detected from oryza sativa seedlings grown under sunlight. these results suggest that cis-ca may occur in planta. application of cis-ca to seedlings of both wild type arabidopsis and auxin-insensitive mutants, aux1 and axr2, resulted in nearly i ...	2016	16310363
genetic diversity and phenotypic variation in an introgression line population derived from an interspecific cross between oryza glaberrima and oryza sativa.	the introduction of closely related species genomic fragments is an effective way to enrich genetic diversity and creates new germplasms in crops. here, we studied the genetic diversity of an introgression line (il) population composed of 106 ils derived from an interspecific tetra cross between o. glaberrima and o. sativa (ram3/jin23b//jin23b///yuetaib). the proportion of o. glaberrima genome (pgg) in the ils ranged from 0.3% to 36.7%, with an average value of 12.32% which is close to the theor ...	2016	27603678
dna transposon activity is associated with increased mutation rates in genes of rice and other grasses.	dna (class 2) transposons are mobile genetic elements which move within their 'host' genome through excising and re-inserting elsewhere. although the rice genome contains tens of thousands of such elements, their actual role in evolution is still unclear. analysing over 650 transposon polymorphisms in the rice species oryza sativa and oryza glaberrima, we find that dna repair following transposon excisions is associated with an increased number of mutations in the sequences neighbouring the tran ...	2016	27599761
domestication history and geographical adaptation inferred from a snp map of african rice.	african rice (oryza glaberrima steud.) is a cereal crop species closely related to asian rice (oryza sativa l.) but was independently domesticated in west africa ∼3,000 years ago. african rice is rarely grown outside sub-saharan africa but is of global interest because of its tolerance to abiotic stresses. here we describe a map of 2.32 million snps of african rice from whole-genome resequencing of 93 landraces. population genomic analysis shows a population bottleneck in this species that began ...	2016	27500524
loss of function at rae2, a previously unidentified epfl, is required for awnlessness in cultivated asian rice.	domestication of crops based on artificial selection has contributed numerous beneficial traits for agriculture. wild characteristics such as red pericarp and seed shattering were lost in both asian (oryza sativa) and african (oryza glaberrima) cultivated rice species as a result of human selection on common genes. awnedness, in contrast, is a trait that has been lost in both cultivated species due to selection on different sets of genes. in a previous report, we revealed that at least three loc ...	2016	27466405
structure of clusters and building blocks in amylopectin from african rice accessions.	enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography techniques were employed to characterise the composition of clusters and building blocks of amylopectin from two african rice (oryza glaberrima) accessions-irgc 103759 and tog 12440. the samples were compared with one asian rice (oryza sativa) sample (cv wita 4) and one o. sativa×o. glaberrima cross (nerica 4). the average dp of clusters from the african rice accessions (aras) was marginally larger (dp=83) ...	2016	27185123
unit and internal chain profile of african rice (oryza glaberrima) amylopectin.	high-performance anion-exchange chromatography was used to study the unit chain profiles of amylopectins and their φ,β-limit dextrins from two african rice (oryza glaberrima) accessions-tog 12440 and irgc 103759. the samples were compared with two asian rice (oryza sativa) samples (cv koshihikari and cv wita 4) and one o. sativa × o. glaberrima cross (nerica 4). the ratio of short:long chains ranged between 12.1 and 13.8, and the ratio of a:b-chains was ∼ 1.0 in all samples. a significant differ ...	2016	26686152
development and validation of cross-transferable and polymorphic dna markers for detecting alien genome introgression in oryza sativa from oryza brachyantha.	african wild rice oryza brachyantha (ff), a distant relative of cultivated rice oryza sativa (aa), carries genes for pests and disease resistance. molecular marker assisted alien gene introgression from this wild species to its domesticated counterpart is largely impeded due to the scarce availability of cross-transferable and polymorphic molecular markers that can clearly distinguish these two species. availability of the whole genome sequence (wgs) of both the species provides a unique opportu ...	2016	27299359
evolutionary trajectory of phytoalexin biosynthetic gene clusters in rice.	plants frequently possess operon-like gene clusters for specialized metabolism. cultivated rice, oryza sativa, produces antimicrobial diterpene phytoalexins represented by phytocassanes and momilactones, and the majority of their biosynthetic genes are clustered on chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. these labdane-related diterpene phytoalexins are biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate via ent-copalyl diphosphate or syn-copalyl diphosphate. the two gene clusters consist of genes encoding ...	2016	27133567
mineral and phytate contents of some prepared popular ghanaian foods.	prepared ghanaian traditional foods, mostly consist of starchy staples such as yams (dioscorea spp.), cassava (manihot esculenta), millet (pennisetum glaucum), maize (zea mays) and rice (oryza sativa) etc. these traditional foods are a main source of energy and macronutrients. little or no information however exist on the mineral and phytate contents of prepared traditional ghanaian foods. the mineral and phytate contents of twenty commonly eaten ghanaian foods, prepared using popular recipes we ...	2016	27247878
transgenic rice expressing a cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) plasma membrane gene mepmp3-2 exhibits enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses.	plasma membrane proteolipid 3 (pmp3) is a class of small hydrophobic proteins found in many organisms including higher plants. some plant pmp3 genes have been shown to respond to abiotic stresses and to participate in the processes of plant stress tolerance. in this study, we isolated the cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) mepmp3-2 gene and functionally characterized its role in tolerance to abiotic stress by expressing it in rice (oryza sativa l.). mepmp3-2 encodes a 77-amino acid protein belon ...	2016	26909954
toxicity of combined chromium(vi) and phenanthrene pollution on the seed germination, stem lengths, and fresh weights of higher plants.	studies of the interaction and toxicity of pollutant combinations such as heavy metals and pahs are of practical importance in the remediation and monitoring of the industrial soil environment. this study investigated the single and combined toxicity of chromium(vi) and phenanthrene on three important higher plants: mung beans (phaseolus aureus), pakchoi cabbage (brassica chinensis), and rice (oryza sativa). in experiments using artificial soil matrix, the ec10 and ec20 of the two pollutants, al ...	2016	27098980
nonfunctional alleles of long-day suppressor genes independently regulate flowering time.	due to the remarkable adaptability to various environments, rice varieties with diverse flowering times have been domesticated or improved from oryza rufipogon. detailed knowledge of the genetic factors controlling flowering time will facilitate understanding the adaptation mechanism in cultivated rice and enable breeders to design appropriate genotypes for distinct preferences. in this study, four genes (hd1, dth8, ghd7 and osprr37) in a rice long-day suppression pathway were collected and sequ ...	2016	26220807
development and evaluation of chromosome segment substitution lines carrying overlapping chromosome segments of the whole wild rice genome.	common wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.) represents an important resource for rice improvement. genetic populations provide the basis for a wide range of genetic and genomic studies. in particular, chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls) are most powerful tools for the detection and precise mapping of quantitative trait loci (qtls). in this study, 146 cssls were produced; they were derived from the crossing and back-crossing of two rice cultivars: dongnanihui 810 (oryza sativa l.), an ind ...	2016	27933072
mapping qtls for fertility restoration of different cytoplasmic male sterility types in rice using two oryza sativa ×o. rufipogon backcross inbred line populations.	hybrid rice breeding using cytoplasmic male sterility/fertility restoration (cms/rf) systems plays an important role in ensuring global food security. two backcross inbred line (bil) populations derived from either xieqingzao b (xb)//xb/dongxiang wild rice (dwr) (xxd) or xb//dwr/xb (xdx) were used to detect quantitative trait loci (qtls) for fertility restoration of dwarf wild abortive- (da-), indonesia paddy- (id-), and dwr-type cms in rice. lines with id- and da-type cms were testcrossed with ...	2016	27872859
characterization and evolutionary analysis of ent-kaurene synthase like genes from the wild rice species oryza rufipogon.	cultivated rice (oryza sativa) possesses various labdane-related diterpene synthase genes, homologs of ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (cps) and ent-kaurene synthase (ks) that are responsible for the biosynthesis of phytohormone gibberellins. the cps homologs and ks like (ksl) homologs successively converted geranylgeranyl diphosphate to cyclic diterpene hydrocarbons via ent-copalyl diphosphate or syn-copalyl diphosphate in o. sativa. consequently, a variety of labdane-related diterpenoids, inc ...	2016	27771250
gad1 encodes a secreted peptide that regulates grain number, grain length, and awn development in rice domestication.	cultivated rice (oryza sativa) was domesticated from wild rice (oryza rufipogon), which typically displays fewer grains per panicle and longer grains than cultivated rice. in addition, wild rice has long awns, whereas cultivated rice has short awns or lacks them altogether. these changes represent critical events in rice domestication. here, we identified a major gene, grain number, grain length and awn development1 (gad1), that regulates those critical changes during rice domestication. gad1 is ...	2016	27634315
a gene encoding pentatricopeptide repeat protein partially restores fertility in rt98-type cytoplasmic male-sterile rice.	cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) lines in rice, which have the cytoplasm of a wild species and the nuclear genome of cultivated rice, are of value for the study of genetic interactions between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. the rt98-type cms line rt98a and the fertility restorer line rt98c carry the cytoplasm of the wild species oryza rufipogon and the nuclear genome of the taichung 65 cultivar (oryza sativa l.). based on a classical crossing experiment, fertility is reported to be resto ...	2016	27498808
nucleotide diversity, natural variation, and evolution of flexible culm-1 and strong culm-2 lodging resistance genes in rice.	lodging resistance is one of the vital traits in yield improvement and sustainability. culm wall thickness, diameter, and strength are different traits that can govern the lodging resistance in rice. the genes scm2 and fc1 have been isolated for culm thickness, strength, and flexibility, but their functional nucleotide variations were still unknown. we used a 13× deep sequence of 795 diverse genotypes to present the functional variation and snp diversity in scm2 and fc1. the major functional var ...	2016	27373308
genome-wide analysis of dongxiang wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.) to investigate lost/acquired genes during rice domestication.	it is widely accepted that cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) was domesticated from common wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.). compared to other studies which concentrate on rice origin, this study is to genetically elucidate the substantially phenotypic and physiological changes from wild rice to cultivated rice at the whole genome level.	2016	27118394
transcriptome analysis of salt stress responsiveness in the seedlings of dongxiang wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.).	dongxiang wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.) is the progenitor of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), and is well known for its superior level of tolerance against cold, drought and diseases. to date, however, little is known about the salt-tolerant character of dongxiang wild rice. to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms of salt-stress tolerance in dongxiang wild rice, the illumina hiseq 2000 platform was used to analyze the transcriptome profiles of the leaves and roots at the seedling st ...	2016	26752408
genome assembly of the fungus cochliobolus miyabeanus, and transcriptome analysis during early stages of infection on american wildrice (zizania palustris l.).	the fungus cochliobolus miyabeanus causes severe leaf spot disease on rice (oryza sativa) and two north american specialty crops, american wildrice (zizania palustris) and switchgrass (panicum virgatum). despite the importance of c. miyabeanus as a disease-causing agent in wildrice, little is known about either the mechanisms of pathogenicity or host defense responses. to start bridging these gaps, the genome of c. miyabeanus strain tg12bl2 was shotgun sequenced using illumina technology. the ge ...	2016	27253872
physiological changes promoted by a strobilurin fungicide in the rice-bipolaris oryzae interaction.	strobilurins are among the most important fungicides that are used for plant disease control worldwide. in addition to their fungicide effect, strobilurins can also improve crop physiology. nonetheless, the impact of azoxystrobin (az), the main marketed strobilurin, on rice physiology is still unknown. detailed gas exchange measurements and chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis were used to examine the az effects on the photosynthetic performance of rice plants (cultivar metica-1) either challenge ...	2016	27155478
comparative chemical screening and genetic analysis reveal tentoxin as a new virulence factor in cochliobolus miyabeanus, the causal agent of brown spot disease on rice.	brown spot disease, caused by cochliobolus miyabeanus, is currently considered to be one of the most important yield reducers of rice (oryza sativa l.). despite its agricultural importance, little is known about the virulence mechanisms deployed by the fungus. therefore, we set out to identify novel virulence factors with a role in disease development. this article reports, for the first time, the production of tentoxin by c. miyabeanus as a virulence factor during brown spot disease and the ide ...	2016	26456797
knock-down of a tonoplast localized low-affinity nitrate transporter osnpf7.2 affects rice growth under high nitrate supply.	the large nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (npf) has been shown to transport diverse substrates, including nitrate, amino acids, peptides, phytohormones, and glucosinolates. however, the rice (oryza sativa) root-specific family member osnpf7.2 has not been functionally characterized. here, our data show that osnpf7.2 is a tonoplast localized low-affinity nitrate transporter, that affects rice growth under high nitrate supply. expression analysis showed that osnpf7.2 was mainly ex ...	2016	27826301
uncovering a nuisance influence of a phenological trait of plants using a nonlinear structural equation: application to days to heading and culm length in asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.).	phenological traits of plants, such as flowering time, are linked to growth phase transition. thus, phenological traits often influence other traits through the modification of the duration of growth period. this influence is a nuisance in plant breeding because it hampers genetic evaluation of the influenced traits. genetic effects on the influenced traits have two components, one that directly affects the traits and one that indirectly affects the traits via the phenological trait. these canno ...	2016	26859143
extraction of anthocyanins and polyphenols from black rice (oryza sativa l.) by modeling and assessing their reversibility and stability.	this study was aimed the extraction of total flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolics, as well as the antioxidant activity of black rice (oryza sativa) and to study the stability in relation to ph, light and copigmentation. variations in temperature (10-50°c), time (20-80min), and solid-solvent ratio (1:15-1:45) were studied using a box-behnken design. the regression models were significant (p<0.001) and determination coefficients ⩾0.900. extraction at 34.7°c for 80min using a solid:solvent ratio ...	2016	26258696
determination of some minerals and β-carotene contents in aromatic indica rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm.	39 aromatic indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars were characterized for iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, copper and β-carotene contents. the β-carotene contents were ranging from 1.23 to 9.9μg/g in brown and 0.08 to 1.99μg/g in milled rice. among the mineral contents, magnesium was found ranging from 855μg/g (gham) to maximum of 1636μg/g (badshahbhog) followed by iron in 32μg/g (jirga) to 218μg/g (kalsal), copper content from 2μg/g (girga) to 1004μg/g (gham), zinc content from 25 (gham) to 165 ...	2016	26258694
physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of whole grain oryza sativa l. with different treatments.	physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of whole rice flours with different treatments (soaking, germination and extrusion cooking) were studied. water solubility, water absorption, crystallinity, adsorption isotherms (bet and gab models), and glass transition temperature of the samples were determined. water solubility and water absorption were enhanced by extrusion cooking process (3.17-4.98 vs. 24.1-53.76 g/100 g and 2.77-3.05 vs. 4.46-7.04 ml/g, respectively), but crystalli ...	2016	26283712
pressurized liquid extraction of phenolic compounds from rice (oryza sativa) grains.	an analytical pressurized liquid extraction (ple) process has been studied for the extraction of phenolic compounds from rice grains. a fractional factorial design (2(7-2)) with a centre point was used to optimize ple parameters such as solvent composition (etoac in meoh), extraction temperature, pressure, flushing, static extraction time, solvent-purge and sample weight. extraction temperature, solvent and static extraction time were found to have a significant effect on the response value. the ...	2016	26304372
water deficit and aluminum interactive effects on generation of reactive oxygen species and responses of antioxidative enzymes in the seedlings of two rice cultivars differing in stress tolerance.	aluminum (al) is a major constraint to crop productivity in acid soils, whereas water deficit severely limits crop production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of both stresses, al excess and water deficit, individually and in combination on the production of the reactive oxygen species (ros) superoxide anion (o2˙(-)), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), hydroxyl radical, and lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes ...	2016	26374546
rice α-fucosidase active against plant complex type n-glycans containing lewis a epitope: purification and characterization.	rice α-fucosidase (α-fucosidase os, 58 kda) that is active for α1-4 fucosyl linkage in lewis a unit of plant n-glycans was purified to homogeneity. α-fucosidase os showed activity against α1-3 fucosyl linkage in lacto-n-fucopentaose iii but not α1-3 fucosyl linkage in the core of plant n-glycans. the n-terminal sequence of α-fucosidase os was identified as a-a-p-t-p-p-p-l-, and this sequence was found in the amino acid sequence of the putative rice α-fucosidase 1 (os04g0560400).	2016	26313122
modulatory role of mineral nutrients on cadmium accumulation and stress tolerance in oryza sativa l. seedlings.	cadmium (cd)-contaminated rice is a serious health concern. in the present study, cd accumulation and stress responses in oryza sativa l. cv mtu 7029 seedlings were characterized under varying concentrations of plant nutrients in hoagland media. it has been found that nutrient supplement modulates cd accumulation and related stress tolerance while efficacy of each nutrient varies. supplementation of fe, mn, n, ca, and s were found to reduce cd accumulation in leaf whereas mn and fe supply effect ...	2016	26354111
systematic analysis of rice (oryza sativa) metabolic responses to herbivory.	plants defend against attack from herbivores by direct and indirect defence mechanisms mediated by the accumulation of phytoalexins and release of volatile signals, respectively. while the defensive arsenals of some plants, such as tobacco and arabidopsis are well known, most of rice's (oryza sativa) defence metabolites and their effectiveness against herbivores remain uncharacterized. here, we used a non-biassed metabolomics approach to identify many novel herbivory-regulated metabolic signatur ...	2016	26386366
ammonium-induced architectural and anatomical changes with altered suberin and lignin levels significantly change water and solute permeabilities of rice (oryza sativa l.) roots.	non-optimal ammonium levels significantly alter root architecture, anatomy and root permeabilities for water and nutrient ions. higher ammonium levels induced strong apoplastic barriers whereas it was opposite for lower levels. application of nitrogen fertilizer increases crop productivity. however, non-optimal applications can have negative effects on plant growth and development. in this study, we investigated how different levels of ammonium (nh4 (+)) [low (30 or 100 μm) or optimum (300 μm) o ...	2016	26384983
overexpression of the potassium channel tpkb in small vacuoles confers osmotic and drought tolerance to rice.	potassium (k(+) ) is the most important cationic nutrient for all living organisms. vacuolar two-pore k(+) (tpk) channels are important players in the regulation of cellular levels of k(+) but have not been characterised in rice. in order to assess the role of ostpkb, a k(+) selective ion channel predominantly expressed in the tonoplast of small vacuoles, we generated overexpressing (ox) lines using a constitutive promoter and compared their phenotypes with control plants. relative to control pl ...	2016	26474307
thai red rice extract provides liver protection in paracetamol-treated mice by restoring the glutathione system.	the incidence of drug-induced liver disease associated with oxidant-antioxidant imbalance is increasing. colored rice can potentially improve these hepatic disorders through antioxidative and glutathione-restoring effects.	2016	26449771
the plasma membrane nadph oxidase osrboha plays a crucial role in developmental regulation and drought-stress response in rice.	plasma membrane nadph oxidases are major producers of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plant cells under normal growth and stress conditions. in the present study the total activity of rice nadph oxidases and the transcription of osrboha, which encodes an oryza sativa plasma membrane nadph oxidase, were stimulated by drought. osrboha was expressed in all tissues examined throughout development. its mrna was upregulated by a number of factors, including heat, drought, salt, oxidative stress and m ...	2016	26400148
photosynthesis performance, antioxidant enzymes, and ultrastructural analyses of rice seedlings under chromium stress.	the present study was conducted to examine the effects of increasing concentrations of chromium (cr(6+)) (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μmol) on rice (oryza sativa l.) morphological traits, photosynthesis performance, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes. in addition, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts in the leaves of hydroponically cultivated rice (o. sativa l.) seedlings was analyzed. plant fresh and dry weights, height, root length, and photosynthetic pigments were decreased by cr-induced t ...	2016	26396015
changes in the activities of starch metabolism enzymes in rice grains in response to elevated co2 concentration.	the global atmospheric co(2) concentration is currently (2012) 393.1 μmol mol(-1), an increase of approximately 42 % over pre-industrial levels. in order to understand the responses of metabolic enzymes to elevated co(2) concentrations, an experiment was conducted using the free air co(2) enrichment (face )system. two conventional japonica rice varieties (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica) grown in north china, songjing 9 and daohuaxiang 2, were used in this study. the activities of adpg pyrophospho ...	2016	26433368
two tightly linked genes at the hsa1 locus cause both f1 and f2 hybrid sterility in rice.	molecular mechanisms of hybrid breakdown associated with sterility (f2 sterility) are poorly understood as compared with those of f1 hybrid sterility. previously, we characterized three unlinked epistatic loci, hybrid sterility-a1 (hsa1), hsa2, and hsa3, responsible for the f2 sterility in a cross between oryza sativa ssp. indica and japonica. in this study, we identified that the hsa1 locus contains two interacting genes, hsa1a and hsa1b, within a 30-kb region. hsa1a-j (japonica allele) encodes ...	2016	26455463
overexpression of oscyp19-4 increases tolerance to cold stress and enhances grain yield in rice (oryza sativa).	atcyp19-4 (also known as cyp5) was previously identified as interacting in vitro with gnom, a member of a large family of arf guanine nucleotide exchange factors that is required for proper polar localization of the auxin efflux carrier pin1. the present study demonstrated that oscyp19-4, a gene encoding a putative homologue of atcyp19-4, was up-regulated by several stresses and showed over 10-fold up-regulation in response to cold. the study further demonstrated that the promoter of oscyp19-4 w ...	2016	26453745
rice grain yield and quality responses to free-air co2 enrichment combined with soil and water warming.	rising air temperatures are projected to reduce rice yield and quality, whereas increasing atmospheric co2 concentrations ([co2 ]) can increase grain yield. for irrigated rice, ponded water is an important temperature environment, but few open-field evaluations are available on the combined effects of temperature and [co2 ], which limits our ability to predict future rice production. we conducted free-air co2 enrichment and soil and water warming experiments, for three growing seasons to determi ...	2016	26463894
comparative characterization of aroma volatiles and related gene expression analysis at vegetative and mature stages in basmati and non-basmati rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars.	aroma volatiles in basmati-370, ambemohar-157 (non-basmati scented), and ir-64 (non-scented) rice cultivars were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed at vegetative and maturity stages to study their differential accumulation using headspace solid-phase microextraction, followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (hs-spme-gcms) with selected ion monitoring (sim) approach. in addition, expression analysis of major aroma volatile 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap)-related genes, betaine aldehyde ...	2016	26481230
the key regulator of submergence tolerance, sub1a, promotes photosynthetic and metabolic recovery from submergence damage in rice leaves.	the submergence-tolerance regulator, submergence1a (sub1a), of rice (oryza sativa l.) modulates gene regulation, metabolism and elongation growth during submergence. its benefits continue during desubmergence through protection from reactive oxygen species and dehydration, but there is limited understanding of sub1a's role in physiological recovery from the stress. here, we investigated the contribution of sub1a to desubmergence recovery using the two near-isogenic lines, submergence-sensitive m ...	2016	26477688
computational identification, target prediction, and validation of conserved mirnas in insulin plant (costus pictus d. don).	insulin plant (costus pictus d. don) is an economically important medicinal plant for the content of its high value secondary metabolites, bioactive compounds, and remarkable flowering features. micrornas are a class of short (∼21 nucleotides), endogenous, noncoding rna molecules that play a vital role in regulating gene expression. here, we used a computer-based homology approach to identify conserved mirnas in transcribed sequence assemblies (tsa) of c. pictus. it led us to identify 42 mirnas ...	2016	26490377
the pleiotropic abnormal flower and dwarf1 affects plant height, floral development and grain yield in rice.	moderate plant height and successful establishment of reproductive organs play pivotal roles in rice grain production. the molecular mechanism that controls the two aspects remains unclear in rice. in the present study, we characterized a rice gene, abnormal flower and dwarf1 (afd1) that determined plant height, floral development and grain yield. the afd1 mutant showed variable defects including the dwarfism, long panicle, low seed setting and reduced grain yield. in addition, abnormal floral o ...	2016	26486996
diachronic analysis of genetic diversity in rice landraces under on-farm conservation in yunnan, china.	diachronic analysis showed no significant changes in the level of genetic diversity occurred over the past 27 years' domestication, which indicated genetic diversity was successfully maintained under on-farm conservation. rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the earliest domesticated crop species. its genetic diversity has been declining as a result of natural and artificial selection. in this study, we performed the first analysis of the levels and patterns of nucleotide variation in rice genomes u ...	2016	26498440
tenor: database for comprehensive mrna-seq experiments in rice.	here we present tenor (transcriptome encyclopedia of rice, http://tenor.dna.affrc.go.jp), a database that encompasses large-scale mrna sequencing (mrna-seq) data obtained from rice under a wide variety of conditions. since the elucidation of the ability of plants to adapt to various growing conditions is a key issue in plant sciences, it is of great interest to understand the regulatory networks of genes responsible for environmental changes. we used mrna-seq and performed a time-course transcri ...	2016	26578693
complex molecular mechanisms underlying seedling salt tolerance in rice revealed by comparative transcriptome and metabolomic profiling.	to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying seedling salt tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.), the phenotypic, metabolic, and transcriptome responses of two related rice genotypes, ir64 and pl177, with contrasting salt tolerance were characterized under salt stress and salt+abscisic acid (aba) conditions. pl177 showed significantly less salt damage, lower na(+)/k(+) ratios in shoots, and na(+) translocation from roots to shoots, attributed largely to better salt exclusion ...	2016	26512058
an a20/an1-type zinc finger protein modulates gibberellins and abscisic acid contents and increases sensitivity to abiotic stress in rice (oryza sativa).	the plant hormones gibberellins (ga) and abscisic acid (aba) play important roles in plant development and stress responses. here we report a novel a20/an1-type zinc finger protein zfp185 involved in ga and aba signaling in the regulation of growth and stress response. zfp185 was constitutively expressed in various rice tissues. overexpression of zfp185 in rice results in a semi-dwarfism phenotype, reduced cell size, and the decrease of endogenous ga3 content. by contrast, higher ga3 content was ...	2016	26512055
evaluation of the effectiveness of sepiolite, bentonite, and phosphate amendments on the stabilization remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils.	a pot trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of sepiolite, bentonite, and phosphate on the immobilization remediation of cadmium (cd)-contaminated soils using a set of variables, namely, physiological traits, sequential extraction procedure, plant growth and cd concentration, and soil enzymatic activities and microbial population. results showed that superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves of oryza sativa l. and catalase activities in soils were stimulated after app ...	2016	26513318
enhanced expression of osspl14 gene and its association with yield components in rice (oryza sativa) under low nitrogen conditions.	nitrogen use efficiency (nue) in rice crop is the need of the hour for reduction of nitrous oxide emission resulting from excess nitrogen (n) fertilizer application and also in reduction of cost of cultivation. ten rice genotypes were grown under low and recommended dose of n application and characterized in terms of parameters related to yield, yield related components and nue indicators. wide genetic variability under low n conditions was observed with significant variation for 15 yield relate ...	2016	26519999
a set of gfp-based organelle marker lines combined with dsred-based gateway vectors for subcellular localization study in rice (oryza sativa l.).	in the post-genomic era, many useful tools have been developed to accelerate the investigation of gene functions. fluorescent proteins have been widely used as protein tags for studying the subcellular localization of proteins in plants. several fluorescent organelle marker lines have been generated in dicot plants; however, useful and reliable fluorescent organelle marker lines are lacking in the monocot model rice. here, we developed eight different gfp-based organelle markers in transgenic ri ...	2016	26519260
brassinosteroid (br) biosynthetic gene lhdd10 controls late heading and plant height in rice (oryza sativa l.).	a brd2 allele suppresses heading date by altering the expression of heading date regulators such as osmads50 , and also negatively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis. heading date and plant height are important determinants of yield in rice (oryza sativa l.). in this study, we characterized a late heading, dwarf mutant known as lhdd10 selected following ethyl methane sulfonate (ems)-treatment of ssp. indica cultivar 93-11. lhdd10 showed late heading, dwarfness and slightly darker-green leaves th ...	2016	26518431
oshal3, a blue light-responsive protein, interacts with the floral regulator hd1 to activate flowering in rice.	in flowering plants, photoperiodic flowering is controlled by a complicated network. light is one of the most important environmental stimuli that control the timing of the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development. several photoreceptors, including phya, phyb, cry2, and fkf1 in arabidopsis and their homologs (osphya, osphyb, osphyc, and oscry2) in rice, have been identified to be related to flowering. our previous study suggests that oshal3, a flavin mononucleotide-binding p ...	2016	26537047
finding the subcellular location of barley, wheat, rice and maize proteins: the compendium of crop proteins with annotated locations (croppal).	barley, wheat, rice and maize provide the bulk of human nutrition and have extensive industrial use as agricultural products. the genomes of these crops each contains >40,000 genes encoding proteins; however, the major genome databases for these species lack annotation information of protein subcellular location for >80% of these gene products. we address this gap, by constructing the compendium of crop protein subcellular locations called crop proteins with annotated locations (croppal). subcel ...	2016	26556651
toxicological effects of bisphenol a on growth and antioxidant defense system in oryza sativa as revealed by ultrastructure analysis.	the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of bisphenol a (bpa) on rice seedlings grown in a hydroponic system. the obtained results demonstrated that at lower concentration (up to 10µm) bpa had some stimulatory effects on the growth of rice seedlings but at higher doses it significantly inhibited seedlings growth. the photosynthetic pigments were significantly decreased by high doses of bpa. exposure to bpa caused increased membrane permeability in root cells and resulted in increas ...	2016	26547398
exploration of rice pistil responses during early post-pollination through a combined proteomic and transcriptomic analysis.	pollen-stigma interaction is a multi-step and complex physiological process which contains different signaling and biochemical pathways. however, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying this process in rice (oryza sativa). in this study, the changes of gene expression were investigated through a combination study of transcriptome and proteome profiles in rice pistil during pollination. totally, 1117 differentially expressed genes were identified, among which 962 and 167 were det ...	2016	26546731
characterization of 5'utr of rice clpb-c/hsp100 gene: evidence of its involvement in post-transcriptional regulation.	rice (oryza sativa) clpb-c (osclpb-c) protein is expressed upon heat stress in vegetative tissues and constitutively in seeds. we produced stably transformed arabidopsis plants carrying β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene downstream to 1-kb osclpb-c promoter (1kbpro plants). in the 1kbpro plants, expression of gus transcript and protein followed the expression pattern of osclpb-c gene in rice plants, i.e., heat induced in vegetative tissues and constitutive in seeds. next, we produced transgenic ...	2016	26546418
integrated pathway-based and network-based analysis of gc-ms rice metabolomics data under diazinon stress to infer affected biological pathways.	diazinon insecticide is widely applied in rice (oryza sativa l.) fields in iran. however, concerns are now being raised about its potential adverse impacts on rice. in this study, a time-course metabolic change in rice plants was investigated after diazinon treatment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and subsequently three different methods, metaboanalyst, metabonetwork, and analysis of reporter reactions, as a potential multivariate method were used to find the underlying chang ...	2016	26582432
floury endosperm7 encodes a regulator of starch synthesis and amyloplast development essential for peripheral endosperm development in rice.	in cereal crops, starch synthesis and storage depend mainly on a specialized class of plastids, termed amyloplasts. despite the importance of starch, the molecular machinery regulating starch synthesis and amyloplast development remains largely unknown. here, we report the characterization of the rice (oryza sativa) floury endosperm7 (flo7) mutant, which develops a floury-white endosperm only in the periphery and not in the inner portion. consistent with the phenotypic alternation in flo7 endosp ...	2016	26608643
the impact of elevated co2 and temperature on grain quality of rice grown under open-air field conditions.	rising atmospheric co2 is accompanied by global warming. however, interactive effects of elevated co2 and temperature have not been well studied on grain quality of rice. a japonica cultivar was grown in the field using a free-air co2 enrichment facility in combination with a canopy air temperature increase system in 2014. the gas fumigation (200 µmol mol(-1) above ambient co2 ) and temperature increase (1 °c above ambient air temperature) were performed from tillering until maturity.	2016	26608560
response of two rice cultivars differing in their sensitivity towards arsenic, differs in their expression of glutaredoxin and glutathione s transferase genes and antioxidant usage.	embodied study investigates the role of grx and associated antioxidant enzymes in the detoxification mechanism between arsenic (as) sensitive (usar-3) and tolerant cultivar (pant dhan 11) of oryza sativa against as(iii) and as(v), under gsh enriched, and gsh deprived conditions. the overall growth and physiological parameters in sensitive cultivar were lower than the tolerant cultivar, against various treatments of as(iii) and as(v). the as accumulation in sensitive cv. against both as(iii) and ...	2016	26606179
taxa21-a1 on chromosome 5al is associated with resistance to multiple pests in wheat.	the wheat ortholog of the rice gene osxa21 against bacterial leaf blight showed resistance to multiple pests in bread wheat but different interacting proteins.	2016	26602233
differential expression of genes of the calvin-benson cycle and its related genes during leaf development in rice.	to understand how the machinery for photosynthetic carbon assimilation is formed and maintained during leaf development, changes in the mrna levels of the calvin-benson cycle enzymes, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase and two key enzymes for sucrose synthesis were determined in rice (oryza sativa l.). according to the patterns of changes in the mrna levels, these genes were categorized into three groups. group 1 included most of the genes involved in the carboxyl ...	2016	26615032
apoplasmic loading in the rice phloem supported by the presence of sucrose synthase and plasma membrane-localized proton pyrophosphatase.	although oryza sativa (rice) is one of the most important cereal crops, the mechanism by which sucrose, the major photosynthate, is loaded into its phloem is still a matter of debate. current opinion holds that the phloem loading pathway in rice could involve either a symplasmic or an apoplasmic route. it was hypothesized, on the basis of a complementary body of evidence from arabidopsis, which is an apoplasmic loader, that the membrane specificity of proton pyrophosphatases (h(+)-ppases; ovps) ...	2016	26614751
analysis of recombinant proteins in transgenic rice seeds: identity, localization, tolerance to digestion, and plant stress response.	rice seeds are an ideal production platform for high-value recombinant proteins in terms of economy, scalability, safety, and stability. strategies for the expression of large amounts of recombinant proteins in rice seeds have been established in the past decade and transgenic rice seeds that accumulate recombinant products such as bioactive peptides and proteins, which promote the health and quality of life of humans, have been generated in many laboratories worldwide. one of the most important ...	2016	26614293
quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of early seed development in rice (oryza sativa l.).	rice (oryza sativa l.) seed serves as a major food source for over half of the global population. though it has been long recognized that phosphorylation plays an essential role in rice seed development, the phosphorylation events and dynamics in this process remain largely unknown so far. here, we report the first large scale identification of rice seed phosphoproteins and phosphosites by using a quantitative phosphoproteomic approach. thorough proteomic studies in pistils and seeds at 3, 7 day ...	2016	26613898
polychlorinated biphenyl (pcbs) in rice grains and straw; risk surveillance, congener specific analysis, distribution and source apportionment from selected districts of punjab province, pakistan.	the current study presents health risk surveillance by investigating the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in rice (oryza sativa l.) grains and rice straw. samples were collected from four districts (okara, sahiwal, lahore and sheikhpura) of punjab province, pakistan for congener specific analysis of pcbs, and to observe the spatial distribution pattern and point sources. level of σ30 pcb (ng g(-1)) in rice grains and rice straw ranged from 4.31 to 29.68 and 6.11-25.35, respectively. te ...	2016	26613515
uncovering novel loci for mesocotyl elongation and shoot length in indica rice through genome-wide association mapping.	totally, 23 loci were detected, and 383 candidate genes were identified, and four of these candidate genes, os01g0392100, os04g0630000, os01g0904700 and os07g0615000, were regarded as promising targets. direct-seeding cultivation is becoming popular in rice (oryza sativa l.)-planting countries because it is labor- and time-efficient. however, low seedling establishment and slow seedling emergence have restricted the application and popularity of the technique. mesocotyl elongation and shoot leng ...	2016	26612069
generation of artificial drooping leaf mutants by crispr-cas9 technology in rice.	crispr-cas9 technology, which uses an rna-guided nuclease, has been developed as an efficient and versatile genome-editing method to induce mutations in genes of interest. to examine the feasibility of this method in developmental studies of a model monocot, rice (oryza sativa), we introduced the construct gdl-1, which produced a guide rna targeting the drooping leaf (dl) gene. dl regulates midrib formation in the leaf and carpel specification in the flower. because loss of function of dl causes ...	2016	26617267
set domain group 708, a histone h3 lysine 36-specific methyltransferase, controls flowering time in rice (oryza sativa).	as a key epigenetic modification, the methylation of histone h3 lysine 36 (h3k36) modulates chromatin structure and is involved in diverse biological processes. to better understand the language of h3k36 methylation in rice (oryza sativa), we chose potential histone methylation enzymes for functional exploration. in particular, we characterized rice set domain group 708 (sdg708) as an h3k36-specific methyltransferase possessing the ability to deposit up to three methyl groups on h3k36. compared ...	2016	26639303
proteomic analysis of isogenic rice reveals proteins correlated with aroma compound biosynthesis at different developmental stages.	fragrant rice has a potent flavor compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap). a better understanding of the 2ap biosynthetic pathway is gained by proteomic analysis of two isogenic lines of thai jasmine rice, oryza sativa l. cv. khao dawk mali 105, which differ only in the aromatic gene os2ap. the protein profiles of two lines, from six growth stages, seedling to grain filling, had 41 identifiable protein spots. four of these spots were betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, a key enzyme responsible for 2ap ...	2016	26646386
distribution and speciation of cu in the root border cells of rice by stxm combined with nexafs.	root border cells (rbcs) serve plants in their initial line of defense against stress from the presence of heavy metals in the soil. in this research, light microscopy and synchrotron-based scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (stxm) combined with near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (nexafs) with a nanoscale spatial resolution were used to investigate the effects of copper (cu) upon the rbcs, as well as its distribution and speciation within the rbcs of rice (oryza sativa l. ...	2016	26679325
oswrky74, a wrky transcription factor, modulates tolerance to phosphate starvation in rice.	the wrky transcription factor family has 109 members in the rice genome, and has been reported to be involved in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stress in plants. here, we demonstrated that a rice oswrky74 belonging to group iii of the wrky transcription factor family was involved in tolerance to phosphate (pi) starvation. oswrky74 was localized in the nucleus and mainly expressed in roots and leaves. overexpression of oswrky74 significantly enhanced tolerance to pi starvation, whereas tran ...	2016	26663563
the knowns and unknowns of phosphorus loading into grains, and implications for phosphorus efficiency in cropping systems.	inefficient use of phosphorus (p) in agriculture adds to production costs, increases the risk of eutrophication of waterways, and contributes to the rapid depletion of the world's non-renewable rock phosphate supplies. the removal of large quantities of p from fields in harvested grains is a major driver in the global p cycle, but opportunities exist to reduce the amount of p in harvested grains through plant breeding. using rice (oryza sativa l.) as a model crop, we examine our current understa ...	2016	26662950
plant cytosolic acyl-coa-binding proteins.	a gene family encoding six members of acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbp) exists in arabidopsis and they are designated as atacbp1-atacbp6. they have been observed to play pivotal roles in plant lipid metabolism, consistent to the abilities of recombinant atacbp in binding different medium- and long-chain acyl-coa esters in vitro. while atacbp1 and atacbp2 are membrane-associated proteins with ankyrin repeats and atacbp3 contains a signaling peptide for targeting to the apoplast, atacbp4, atacbp5 a ...	2016	26662549
interactive effects of straw-derived biochar and n fertilization on soil c storage and rice productivity in rice paddies of northeast china.	impacts of biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and c sequestration in agricultural soils have been considered as the key to mitigate climate change. there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of rice straw-derived biochar and interaction with n fertilization on soil c sequestration and rice productivity in fertile paddy fields. a 2-year (2013 and 2014) consecutive field trial was performed using straw treatment (5.05 t ha(-1)) and biochar amendment (0, 1.78, 14.8 and 29.6 t ha(-1)) with or ...	2016	26657366
a defect in dna ligase4 enhances the frequency of talen-mediated targeted mutagenesis in rice.	we have established methods for site-directed mutagenesis via transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talens) in the endogenous rice (oryza sativa) waxy gene and demonstrated stable inheritance of talen-induced somatic mutations to the progeny. to analyze the role of classical nonhomologous end joining (cnhej) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (altnhej) pathways in talen-induced mutagenesis in plant cells, we investigated whether a lack of dna ligase4 (lig4) affects the kinetics ...	2016	26668331
evolving ideas about genetics underlying insect virulence to plant resistance in rice-brown planthopper interactions.	many plant-parasite interactions that include major plant resistance genes have subsequently been shown to exhibit features of gene-for-gene interactions between plant resistance genes and parasite avirulence genes. the brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens is an important pest of rice (oryza sativa). historically, major resistance genes have played an important role in agriculture. as is common in gene-for-gene interactions, evolution of bph virulence compromises the effectiveness of singl ...	2016	26668110
uptake, translocation and transformation of antimony in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings.	antimony (sb), as a toxic metalloid, has been gaining increasing research concerns due mainly to its severe pollution in many places. rice has been identified to be the dominant intake route of sb by residents close to the sb mining areas. a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the difference in uptake, translocation and transformation of sb in rice seedlings of four cultivars exposed to 0.2 or 1.0 mg/l of sb(v). the results showed that mass concentration of iron plaque (mg/kg fw) ...	2016	26686058
knocking down mitochondrial iron transporter (mit) reprograms primary and secondary metabolism in rice plants.	iron (fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and its reduced bioavailability strongly impairs mitochondrial functionality. in this work, the metabolic adjustment in the rice (oryza sativa) mitochondrial fe transporter knockdown mutant (mit-2) was analysed. biochemical characterization of purified mitochondria from rice roots showed alteration in the respiratory chain of mit-2 compared with wild-type (wt) plants. in particular, proteins belonging to the type ii altern ...	2016	26685186
microarray-based gene expression analysis of strong seed dormancy in rice cv. n22 and less dormant mutant derivatives.	seed dormancy in rice is an important trait related to the pre-harvest sprouting resistance. in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy, gene expression was investigated by transcriptome analysis using seeds of the strongly dormant cultivar n22 and its less dormant mutants q4359 and q4646 at 24 days after heading (dah). microarray data revealed more differentially expressed genes in q4359 than in q4646 compared to n22. most genes differing between q4646 and n22 also differe ...	2016	26713549
rice (oryza sativa japonica) albumin suppresses the elevation of blood glucose and plasma insulin levels after oral glucose loading.	the suppressive effect of rice albumin (ra) of 16 kda on elevation of blood glucose level after oral loading of starch or glucose and its possible mechanism were examined. ra suppressed the increase in blood glucose levels in both the oral starch tolerance test and the oral glucose tolerance test. the blood glucose concentrations 15 min after the oral administration of starch were 144 ± 6 mg/dl for control group and 127 ± 4 mg/dl for ra 200 mg/kg bw group, while those after the oral administrati ...	2016	27228466
a tyrosine aminomutase from rice (oryza sativa) isomerizes (s)-α- to (r)-β-tyrosine with unique high enantioselectivity and retention of configuration.	a recently discovered 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4h-imidazol-4-one (mio)-dependent tyrosine aminomutase (ostam) from rice [yan, j., et al. (2015) plant cell 27, 1265] converts (s)-α-tyrosine to a mixture of (r)- and (s)-β-tyrosines, with high (94%) enantiomeric excess, which does not change with ph, like it does for two bacterial tams. the k(m) of 490 μm and the k(cat) of 0.005 s(-1) are similar for other tam enzymes. ostam is unique and also catalyzes (r)-β- from (s)-α-phenylalanine. ostam princ ...	2016	26709535