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behavior of transition state regulator abrb in batch cultures of bacillus thuringiensis.the transition state regulator abrb is involved in the regulation of various cellular functions such as exponential growth, transition state and sporulation onset, due to its ability to activate, suppress or prevent the inappropriate expression of various genes in bacillus subtilis. in order to understand combined behavior in batch cultures of abrb in bacillus thuringiensis, we cloned and expressed the abrb gene of b. thuringiensis in escherichia coli. the deduced sequence of abrb gene coded for ...201425002359
unsaturated fatty acid, cis-2-decenoic acid, in combination with disinfectants or antibiotics removes pre-established biofilms formed by food-related bacteria.biofilm formation by food-related bacteria and food-related pathogenesis are significant problems in the food industry. even though much disinfection and mechanical procedure exist for removal of biofilms, they may fail to eliminate pre-established biofilms. cis-2 decenoic acid (cda), an unsaturated fatty acid messenger produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa, is reportedly capable of inducing the dispersion of established biofilms by multiple types of microorganisms. however, whether cda has potenti ...201425000301
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using lingonberry and cranberry juices and their antimicrobial activity.in this study lingonberry and cranberry juices were used for silver nanoparticle synthesis. the berry juices were characterized by total phenolics, total anthocyanins and benzoic acid content, respectively 1.9-2.7mg/ml, 55.2-83.4mg/l and 590.8-889.2mg/l. the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed at room temperature assisting in solutions irradiated by ultraviolet for 30min. ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) spectroscopy and microscopy confirmed the formation of nanoparticles as well as the ...201424988412
crystalliferous bacillus cereus group bacteria from a maryland hardwood forest are dominated by psychrotolerant strains.crystal-forming bacteria of the bacillus cereus group were isolated from soil samples collected at different elevations within a mixed hardwood forest in central maryland, and their phylogenetic relationships determined by multilocus sequence analysis. the vast majority of isolates obtained were associated with two phylogenetic groups known to be psychrotolerant, with very few isolates representing phylogenetic groups more typically associated with bacillus thuringiensis. isolates from the psych ...201424985699
characterization of wastewater effluents releasing from slaughterhouses in and around hyderabad city (india).the present study was undertaken to determine the pollution load to the environment causing by the wastewater effluents releasing from organized and unorganized slaughterhouses in and around hyderabad city. the wastewater effluents collected from three slaughterhouses, at the sites of releasing out to the surrounding environment,were characterized in terms of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. the physico-chemical parameters, such as temperature, ph, alkalinity, turbidity, total su ...201426563081
a metallo-β-lactamase is responsible for the degradation of ceftiofur by the bovine intestinal bacterium bacillus cereus p41.ceftiofur is a highly effective veterinary cephalosporin, yet it is rapidly degraded by bacteria in the gut. the goal of this work was to directly determine the mechanism of ceftiofur degradation by the bovine intestinal isolate bacillus cereus p41. b. cereus p41 was isolated from the feces of a cow that had not been treated with cephalosporins, and was found to rapidly degrade ceftiofur in culture. analysis of spent culture media by hplc/uv and hplc/ms revealed one major metabolite of ceftiofur ...201424972871
screening of marine bacteria with bacteriocin-like activities and probiotic potential for ornate spiny lobster (panulirus ornatus) juveniles.bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, which have been found in diverse bacterial species of terrestrial origins and some from the sea. new bacteriocins with new characteristics, new origins and new applications are likely still awaiting discovery. the present study screened bacteria isolated from marine animals of interest to the aquaculture industry for antimicrobial and bacteriocin-like activities in order to uncover biodiversity of bacteriocin producers, and explore ...201424969424
[occurrence of bacillus cereus in infants and young children foods in 8 provinces in china].to investigate the contamination status of infants and young children foods by bacillus cereus.201424964624
antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties of wines and winery byproducts in relation to their flavonoid content.grapes produce organic compounds that may be involved in the defense of the plants against invading phytopathogens. these metabolites include numerous phenolic compounds that are also active against human pathogens. grapes are used to produce a variety of wines, grape juices, and raisins. grape pomace, seeds, and skins, the remains of the grapes that are a byproduct of winemaking, also contain numerous bioactive compounds that differ from those found in grapes and wines. this overview surveys an ...201424945318
expression patterns of chitinase and chitosanase produced from bacillus cereus in suppression of phytopathogen.bacillus cereus mp-310 was incubated on various culture media substrates as lb, colloidal chitin, chitosan powder, and chitosan beads to investigate the concurrent expression patterns of chitinase and chitosanase isozymes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). chitinase activity increased rapidly with a maximum level after 6 days of incubation in cm-chitin medium. major bands of chitinase isozymes were strongly expressed on sds-page in lb medium (four bands) and ...201424942773
synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and structure-activity relationships of gypsogenin derivatives against human cancer cells.a series of gypsogenin (1) derivatives (1a-i) was synthesized in good yields, and the derivatives' structures were established using uv, ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, and lcms spectroscopic data. among the tested compounds, 1a, 1b, 1d, 1e, and gypsogenin (1) showed antimicrobial activities against bacillus subtilis and bacillus thrungiensis, with inhibition zones of 10-14 mm. in addition, compounds 1b, 1d, and 1e showed antimicrobial activities against bacillus cereus, with inhibition zones of 9-14 m ...201424941130
comparison of procedures for the extraction of supernatants and cytotoxicity tests in vero cells, applied to assess the toxigenic potential of bacillus spp. and lactobacillus spp., intended for use as probiotic strains.interest in using bacillus strains as probiotic components of animal feeds has grown in recent years. however, some of these strains, especially those taxonomically related to the bacillus cereus group, may have enterotoxigenic activity. assessment of their toxigenic potential by well-established and robust protocols is required before authorizing their use in animal nutrition. three methods of extraction and concentration of supernatants of bacillus and lactobacillus strains (methanol extractio ...201424938520
toxin production and growth of pathogens subjected to temperature fluctuations simulating consumer handling of cold cuts.it is crucial for the quality and safety of ready-to-eat (rte) foods to maintain the cold chain from production to consumption. the effect of temperature abuse related to daily meals and elevated refrigerator temperatures on the growth and toxin production of bacillus cereus, bacillus weihenstephanensis and staphylococcus aureus and the growth of listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica was studied. a case study with temperature loggings in the domestic environment during easter and ch ...201424935689
development of 23 individual taqman® real-time pcr assays for identifying common foodborne pathogens using a single set of amplification conditions.most of the acute intestinal diseases are caused by foodborne pathogens with infants and elderly people being at major risk. the aim of this study was to develop a procedure to simultaneously detect 20 foodborne pathogens in complex alimentary matrices such as milk, cheese and meat. the list of targets include, among the others, listeria spp., salmonella spp., shigella spp., escherichia coli spp., campylobacter spp., clostridium spp. and staphylococcus aureus. the accuracy of detection was deter ...201424929880
absence of oxygen affects the capacity to sporulate and the spore properties of bacillus cereus.this study was performed to evaluate the effect of anaerobiosis on the formation of bacillus cereus spores and their resulting properties. for this purpose, an appropriate sporulation medium was developed (mods). sporulation of 18 strains from different phylogenetic groups of b. cereus was studied in mods medium in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. in anaerobiosis, sporulation ability was weaker and more heterogeneous than in aerobiosis. among tested strains, b. cereus ah187 produced the highest leve ...201424929727
bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis spores in korean rice: prevalence and toxin production as affected by production area and degree of milling.we determined the prevalence of and toxin production by bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in korean rice as affected by production area and degree of milling. rough rice was collected from 64 farms in 22 agricultural areas and polished to produce brown and white rice. in total, rice samples were broadly contaminated with b. cereus spores, with no effect of production area. the prevalence and counts of b. cereus spores declined as milling progressed. frequencies of hemolysin bl (hbl) pro ...201424929722
evaluation of indirect impedance for measuring microbial growth in complex food matrices.the suitability of indirect impedance to accurately measure microbial growth in real food matrices was investigated. a variety of semi-solid and liquid food products were inoculated with bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, lactobacillus plantarum, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, salmonella enteriditis, candida tropicalis or zygosaccharomyces rouxii and co2 production was monitored using a conductimetric (don whitely r.a.b.i.t.) system. the majority (80%) of ...201424929710
cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of a ferredoxin/flavodoxin-nadp(h) oxidoreductase (bc0385) from bacillus cereus.ferredoxin/flavodoxin-nadp(h) oxidoreductases (fnrs) are key enzymes involved in catalysing electron transfer between ferredoxins/flavodoxins and nad(p)h/nad(p)+. in bacillus cereus there are three genes that may encode fnrs, and the bc0385 fnr has been cloned, overexpressed, purified and successfully crystallized in its nadph/nadp+-free form. diffraction data have been collected to 2.5 å resolution from crystals belonging to the orthorhombic space group p2₁2₁2, with unit-cell parameters a=57.2, ...201424915092
eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids with diverse skeletons from ligularia sagitta.five new highly oxygenated eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids, possessing c19 (1 and 2), c15 (3 and 4), and c14 (8) skeletons, along with eight known eremophilenolides were obtained from the aerial parts of ligularia sagitta. the absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by x-ray diffraction analysis and that of 3 by ecd spectroscopy. compounds 1-10 were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against staphyloccocus aureus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, bacillus cereus, and erwinia ca ...201424913558
comparative analysis of quantitative reverse transcription real-time pcr and commercial enzyme imunoassays for detection of enterotoxigenic bacillus thuringiensis isolates.entomopathogenic bacillus thuringiensis is closely related to bacillus cereus, a human pathogen known to cause emesis and diarrhea. standard detection methods do not distinguish these bacilli. hemolysin bl (hbl) and non-hemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) genes that encode, respectively, hbl and nhe enterotoxins, are known to be harbored in both bacterial species, suggesting that differentiation of these bacilli is clinically and epidemiologically relevant. in this study the reliability of quantitative ...201424913432
radiation-treated ready-to-eat (rte) chicken breast adobo for immuno-compromised patients.usually in hospitals low-bacterial diets are served to immuno-compromised patients (icps). however, low-bacterial diets still pose a high risk of microbial infections and limit the food selection of the patients. thus, pathogen-free dishes must be made available. this study presents the development of pathogen-free ready-to-eat (rte) filipino ethnic food chicken breast adobo, sterilized by exposure to high-dose gamma rays (25 kgy) in combination with conventional treatments. frozen vacuum-packed ...201424912709
commercial herbal slimming products: concern for the presence of heavy metals and bacteria.the increment of rate in obesity, the phenomenon of fat phobia as well as the increased use of herbal medicine had lead to the emergence of herbal slimming products. however, numerous bacteria and heavy metal contaminations are often found in herbal products due to irregular handling practices. ten different brands of products (labeled as a-j) were investigated. seven heavy metals content such as as, cd, pb, co, cr, cu and zn were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (icp- ...201424897789
emetic bacillus cereus are more volatile than thought: recent foodborne outbreaks and prevalence studies in bavaria (2007-2013).several bacillus cereus strains possess the genetic fittings to produce two different types of toxins, the heat-stable cereulide or different heat-labile proteins with enterotoxigenic potential. unlike the diarrheal toxins, cereulide is (pre-)formed in food and can cause foodborne intoxications shortly after ingestion of contaminated food. based on the widely self-limiting character of cereulide intoxications and rarely performed differential diagnostic in routine laboratories, the real incidenc ...201424895578
bactericidal thurincin h causes unique morphological changes in bacillus cereus f4552 without affecting membrane permeability.thurincin h is an antilisterial bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis sf361. it exhibits inhibitory activity against a wide range of gram-positive foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria including listeria monocytogenes, b. cereus, and b. subtilis. this hydrophobic, anionic bacteriocin folds into a hairpin structure maintained by four pairs of unique sulfur to α-carbon thioether bonds. as its hydrophobicity and structure are quite different from most archived bacteriocins, this study ...201424891232
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using acacia leucophloea extract and their antibacterial activity.the immense potential of nanobiotechnology makes it an intensely researched field in modern medicine. green nanomaterial synthesis techniques for medicinal applications are desired because of their biocompatibility and lack of toxic byproducts. we report the toxic byproducts free phytosynthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (agnps) using the bark extract of the traditional medicinal plant acacia leucophloea (fabaceae). visual observation, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission elect ...201424876776
microbial based assay for specific detection of β-lactam group of antibiotics in milk.the spore forming bacillus cereus (66) was screened for the induction of β-lactamase in presence of an inducer using iodometric assay. a significant induction in marker enzyme was observed in b. cereus 66 at maximum residual limit (mrl) of penicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, amoxicillin, cefalexin, and cephazolin belonging to β-lactam group of antibiotics. a microbial based assay, where enzyme induction was optimized at ph 7.0, temperature 30°c, and whey powder (0.25%) after 4 h of incubation. ...201424876650
genome sequence of bacillus cereus strain a1, an efficient starch-utilizing producer of hydrogen.bacillus cereus strain a1 is a newly isolated hydrogen producer capable of utilizing bioresources and biowaste, such as starch and starch wastewater. here, we present a 5.67-mb assembly of the genome sequence of strain a1, which may provide insights into the molecular mechanism of hydrogen production from bioresources and biowaste.201424874679
phytochemical investigations of lonchocarpus bark extracts from monteverde, costa rica.the acetone bark extracts of three species of lonchocarpus from monteverde, costa rica, l. atropurpureus, l. oliganthus, and l. monteviridis, were screened for antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. l. orotinus extract was antibacterial against bacillus cereus (mic = 39 microg/ml), while l. monteviridis exhibited the most antioxidant activity. none of the lonchocarpus extracts showed cytotoxic activity against mcf-7 cells. fatty acids and atraric acid were isolated and purified fr ...201424868870
ovotransferrin plays a major role in the strong bactericidal effect of egg white against the bacillus cereus group.bacillus cereus group bacteria are opportunistically pathogenic spore-forming microorganisms well known in the sector of pasteurized food products because of their involvement in spoilage events. in the sector of egg product processing, these bacteria may lead to important economic losses. it seemed then relevant to study their behavior in egg white, a widely used egg product usually recognized as developing different levels of antimicrobial activities depending on the environmental conditions. ...201424853518
effect of heavy metals on growth response and antioxidant defense protection in bacillus cereus.bacterial cells in aerobic environment generate reactive oxygen species which may lead to oxidative stress, induced by a wide range of environmental factors including heavy metals. in the present context an attempt has been made to determine the toxic impact of cadmium and copper on growth performance, oxidative stress, and relative level of antioxidant protection in bacillus cereus. outcome of this study suggests that both the metal ions depleted the growth rate in this organism with respect to ...201424852506
investigating the potential of under-utilised plants from the asteraceae family as a source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant extracts.antimicrobial properties of ethanol and water extracts from eight asteraceae species were investigated against three gram positive (staphylococcus aureus, mrsa and bacillus cereus) and two gram negative (escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium) bacterial strains. ethanol extracts from centaurea scabiosa, arctium minus, taraxacum officinale, centaurea nigra and cirsium palustre demonstrated antimicrobial activity against strains of s. aureus, mrsa and b. cereus (mic=187.5-365μg/ml). ethanol e ...201424837924
synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitor effects of salicilaldehyde-n-methyl p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone and its palladium(ii), cobalt(ii) complexes.we report the synthesis of the ligand, salicilaldehyde-n-methyl p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone (salptsmh) derived from p-toluenesulfonicacid-1-methylhydrazide (ptsmh) and its pd(ii) and co(ii) metal complexes were synthesized for the first time. the structure of the ligand and their complexes were investigated using elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance and spectral (ir, nmr and lc-ms) measurements. salptsmh has also been characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction. (1 ...201424835932
bovicin hj50-like lantibiotics, a novel subgroup of lantibiotics featured by an indispensable disulfide bridge.lantibiotics are ribosomally-synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides with potent antimicrobial activities. discovery of novel lantibiotics has been greatly accelerated with the soaring release of genomic information of microorganisms. as a unique class ii lantibiotic, bovicin hj50 is produced by streptococcus bovis hj50 and contains one rare disulfide bridge. by using its precursor bova as a drive sequence, 16 bova-like peptides were revealed in a wide variety of species. from them ...201424821187
characterization of the cell surface properties of drinking water pathogens by microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon and electrophoretic mobility measurements.the surface characteristics of microbial cells directly influence their mobility and behavior within aqueous environments. the cell surface hydrophobicity (csh) and electrophoretic mobility (epm) of microbial cells impact a number of interactions and processes including aggregation, adhesion to surfaces, and stability of the cells within the aqueous environments. these cell characteristics are unique to the bacterial species and are a reflection of the large diversity of surface structures, prot ...201424815929
electrochemical detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa in human fluid samples via pyocyanin.the ability to quickly detect the presence of pathogenic bacteria in patient samples is of the outmost importance to expedient patient care. here we report the direct, selective, and sensitive detection of the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa, spiked in human whole blood with sodium heparin, urine, sputum, and bronchial lavage samples using unmodified, disposable carbon electrode sensors that detect the presence of pyocyanin, a virulence factor that is unique to this species. square ...201424813917
potential application in mercury bioremediation of a marine sponge-isolated bacillus cereus strain pj1.sponges are sessile marine invertebrates that can live for many years in the same location, and therefore, they have the capability to accumulate anthropogenic pollutants such as metals over a long period. almost all marine sponges harbor a large number of microorganisms within their tissues. the bacillus cereus strain pj1 was isolated from a marine sponge, polymastia janeirensis, and was found to be resistant to 100 μm hgcl(2) and to 10 μm methylmercury (mehg). pj1 was also highly resistant to ...201424807626
butyric acid released during milk lipolysis triggers biofilm formation of bacillus species.bacillus species form biofilms within milking pipelines and on surfaces of equipment in the dairy industry which represent a continuous hygiene problem and can lead to serious economic losses due to food spoilage and equipment impairment. although much is known about the mechanism by which the model organism bacillus subtilis forms biofilms in laboratory mediums in vitro, little is known of how these biofilms are formed in natural environments such as milk. besides, little is known of the signal ...201424801271
the combined effect of pasteurization intensity, water activity, ph and incubation temperature on the survival and outgrowth of spores of bacillus cereus and bacillus pumilus in artificial media and food products.the objective of the study was to evaluate the combined effects of pasteurization intensity (no heat treatment and 10 min at 70, 80 and 90 °c), water activity (aw) (0.960-0.990), ph (5.5-7.0) and storage temperature (7 and 10 °c) on the survival and outgrowth of psychrotolerant spores of bacillus cereus ff119b and bacillus pumilus ff128a. the experiments were performed in both artificial media and a validation was performed on real food products (cream, béchamel sauce and mixed vegetable soup). ...201424801270
large-scale purification, characterization, and spore outgrowth inhibitory effect of thurincin h, a bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis sf361.large-scale purification of the highly hydrophobic bacteriocin thurincin h was accomplished via a novel and simple two-step method: ammonia sulfate precipitation and c18 solid-phase extraction. the inhibition spectrum and stability of thurincin h as well as its antagonistic activity against bacillus cereus f4552 spores were further characterized. in the purification method, secreted proteins contained in the supernatant of a 40 h incubated culture of b. thuringiensis sf361 were precipitated by 6 ...201424798125
a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, bacillus cereus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus in korean ready-to-eat food.a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, bacillus cereus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus in various korean ready-to-eat foods. the six specific primer pairs for multiplex pcr were selected based on the o157 antigen (rfbe) gene of e. coli o157:h7, the dna gyrase subunit b (gyrb) gene of b. cereus, the toxin regulatory protein (toxr) gene of v. parahaemolyticu ...201424796416
prevalence, genetic diversity, and host range of tectiviruses among members of the bacillus cereus group.gil01, bam35, gil16, ap50, and wip1 are tectiviruses preying on the bacillus cereus group. despite the significant contributions of phages in different biological processes, little is known about the dealings taking place between tectiviruses and their gram-positive bacterial hosts. therefore, this work focuses on characterizing the interactions between tectiviruses and the b. cereus group by assessing their occurrence and genetic diversity and evaluating their host range. to study the occurrenc ...201424795369
in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial features of vasopressors.drugs administered as intravenous infusion may be contaminated during several stages of production or preparation. however studies focusing on antibacterial effects of vasopressor drugs are very rare. this study investigates the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the clinically used forms of vasopressors.201424794449
role of structural changes induced in biological membranes by hydrolysable tannins from sumac leaves (rhus typhina l.) in their antihemolytic and antibacterial effects.in this study, we found that the sumac tannins (rhus typhina l.) exert to a various extent antihemolytic effects and antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus and pseudomonas aeruginosa depending on structural specificity of bacteria and different mechanisms of their toxic action. the sumac tannins exert the most expressed activity against b. cereus. the antihemolytic effect of the sumac tannins seems to be connected to a greater extent with their modifying action on the erythrocyte membran ...201424793101
synergistic effects of naocl and ultrasound combination on the reduction of escherichia coli and bacillus cereus in raw laver.the current study investigated the synergistic effects of naocl (50-200 ppm)/ultrasound (37 khz, 380 w for 5-100 min) combination on the reduction of escherichia coli and bacillus cereus in raw laver. the synergistic reductions were not dependent on concentrations of naocl and times of ultrasound. synergistic reduction ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 log10 colony-forming units (cfu)/g and 0.1-1.1 log10 cfu/g, respectively, for e. coli and b. cereus, with the largest synergistic reduction in the combinati ...201424785713
computational studies of the first order kinetic reactions for mononuclear copper(ii) complexes having a hard-soft ns donor ligand.the chelation behaviour of 4-((e)-2-(1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1h-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (hl) towards cu(ii) ions has been investigated. these cu(ii) complexes are characterized by elemental analyses, molar-solid conductance, esr, ftir and electronic spectral studies. also, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters (ea, a, δh, δs, δg) for all thermal decomposition steps have been evaluated using coats-redfern and horowitz-metzger methods. furthermore, antimicrobi ...201424785091
multitrait plant growth promoting (pgp) rhizobacterial isolates from brassica juncea rhizosphere : keratin degradation and growth promotion.plant growth promoting (pgp) rhizobacteria, a beneficial microbe colonizing plant roots, enhanced crop productivity and offers an attractive way to replace chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and supplements. the keratinous waste which comprises feathers, hairs, nails, skin and wool creates problem of solid waste management due to presence of highly recalcitrant keratin. the multi traits rhizobacteria effective to remove both keratine from the environment by producing keratinase enzyme and to erad ...201424778758
a rifamycin inactivating phosphotransferase family shared by environmental and pathogenic bacteria.many environmental bacteria are multidrug-resistant and represent a reservoir of ancient antibiotic resistance determinants, which have been linked to genes found in pathogens. exploring the environmental antibiotic resistome, therefore, reveals the diversity and evolution of antibiotic resistance and also provides insight into the vulnerability of clinically used antibiotics. in this study, we describe the identification of a highly conserved regulatory motif, the rifampin (rif) -associated ele ...201424778229
characterization of the extracellular biodemulsifiers secreted by bacillus cereus lh-6 and the enhancement of demulsifying efficiency by optimizing the cultivation conditions.a highly efficient demulsifying strain, lh-6, was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil and identified as bacillus cereus by 16s rdna gene analysis. it achieved 95.61 and 95.40 % demulsifying ratios within 12 h for water-in-oil (w/o) and oil-in-water (o/w) model emulsions, respectively. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) and thin-layer chromatography (tlc) detections indicated that the lh-6's extracellular biodemulsifiers were different types of lipopeptides for the w/o and o/w ...201424777330
the ability of an antimicrobial agent to penetrate a biofilm is not correlated with its killing or removal efficiency.the penetration ability of 12 antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics and biocides, was determined against biofilms of b. cereus and p. fluorescens using a colony biofilm assay. the surfactants benzalkonium chloride (bac) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab), and the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and streptomycin were of interest due to their distinct activities. erythromycin and ctab were retarded by the presence of biofilms, whereas ciprofloxacin and bac were not. the removal and killing ...201424773258
phytochemistry and preliminary assessment of the antibacterial activity of chloroform extract of amburana cearensis (allemão) a.c. sm. against klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing strains.the chloroform extract of the stem bark of amburana cearensis was chemically characterized and tested for antibacterial activity.the extract was analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. the main compounds identified were 4-methoxy-3-methylphenol (76.7%), triciclene (3.9%), α -pinene (1.0%), β -pinene (2.2%), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (3.1%). preliminary antibacterial tests were carried out against species of distinct morphophysiological characteristics: escherichia coli, salmonella ...201424772183
purification and identification of metabolites produced by bacillus cereus and b. subtilis active against meloidogyne exigua, and their in silico interaction with a putative phosphoribosyltransferase from m. incognita.to contribute to the development of products to control meloidogyne exigua, the bacteria bacillus cereus and b. subtilis were cultivated in liquid medium to produce metabolites active against this plant-parasitic nematode. fractionation of the crude dichloromethane extracts obtained from the cultures afforded uracil, 9h-purine and dihydrouracil. all compounds were active against m. exigua, the latter being the most efficient. this substance presented a lc50 of 204 µg/ml against the nematode, whi ...201424770454
water-based oligochitosan and nanowhisker chitosan as potential food preservatives for shelf-life extension of minced pork.water-based chitosans in the forms of oligochitosan (oligocs) and nanowhisker chitosan (cswk) are proposed as a novel food preservative based on a minced pork model study. the high surface area with a positive charge over the neutral ph range (ph 5-8) of oligocs and cswk lead to an inhibition against gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, and bacillus cereus) and gram-negative microbes (salmonella enteritidis and escherichia coli o157:h7). in the minced pork model, oligocs ...201424767083
antimicrobial and antiinsectan phenolic metabolites of dalea searlsiae.continued interest in the chemistry of dalea spp. led to investigation of dalea searlsiae, a plant native to areas of the western united states. methanol extractions of d. searlsiae roots and subsequent chromatographic fractionation afforded the new prenylated and geranylated flavanones malheurans a-d (1-4) and known flavanones (5 and 6). known rotenoids (7 and 8) and isoflavones (9 and 10) were isolated from aerial portions. structure determination of pure compounds was accomplished primarily b ...201424761805
affinity purification of recombinant proteins using a novel silica-binding peptide as a fusion tag.we recently reported that silica is deposited on the coat of bacillus cereus spores as a layer of nanometer-sized particles (hirota et al. 2010 j bacteriol 192: 111-116). gene disruption analysis revealed that the spore coat protein cotb1 mediates the accumulation of silica (our unpublished results). here, we report that b. cereus cotb1 (171 amino acids [aa]) and its c-terminal 14-aa region (corresponding to residues 158-171, designated cotb1p) show strong affinity for silica particles, with dis ...201424756322
the phosphotransferase system gene ptsi in the endophytic bacterium bacillus cereus is required for biofilm formation, colonization, and biocontrol against wheat sharp eyespot.natural resistance of wheat plants to wheat sharp eyespot is inadequate, and new strategies for controlling the disease are required. biological control is an alternative and attractive way of reducing the use of chemicals in agriculture. in this study, we investigated the biocontrol properties of endophytic bacterium bacillus cereus strain 0-9, which was isolated from the root systems of healthy wheat varieties. the phosphotransferase system is a major regulator of carbohydrate metabolism in ba ...201424750250
microwave-assisted synthesis of diverse pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-diones and their antibacterial activities.with the aim of developing a general and practical method for library production, a novel and efficient two-phase microwave-assisted cascade reaction between isatins and β-ketoamides in [bmim]bf4/toluene was developed for the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-diones. the features of this methodology are, the use of microwave-assisted rapid synthesis, mild reaction conditions, high yields, operational simplicity, facile product separation, and recyclability. furthermore, the antibacterial ...201424749663
isolation and structural elucidation of antioxidant peptides from oyster (saccostrea cucullata) protein hydrolysate.protein derived from the oyster (saccostrea cucullata) was hydrolyzed using protease from bacillus cereus su12 for isolation of antioxidant peptides. the oyster hydrolysate exhibited a strong antioxidant potential in dpph (85.7±0.37%) followed by hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity (81.6±0.3%), hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity (79.32±0.6%), reducing power assay (2.63±0.2 od at 700nm). due to the high antioxidant potential, hydrolysate was fractionated in sephadex g-25 gel filtratio ...201424746143
antimicrobial potential of bacteriocin producing lysinibacillus jx416856 against foodborne bacterial and fungal pathogens, isolated from fruits and vegetable waste.in this study, antimicrobial potential, some probiotics properties and bacteriocin nature of lysinibacillus, isolated from fruits and vegetable waste were evaluated. for this, 125 lactobacillus isolates were tested against foodborne bacterial and fungal pathogens. among these, an isolated bacillus spp. showed significant aggregation-co-aggregation probiotics properties and potentially inhibits the foodborne gram positive microbial pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus, (22 mm zoi), staphylococ ...201424735603
metabolomic analysis of cooperative adaptation between co-cultured bacillus cereus and ketogulonicigenium vulgare.the cooperative adaptation of subcultivated bacillus cereus and ketogulonicigenium vulgare significantly increased the productivity of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid, the precursor of vitamin c. the mechanism of cooperative adaptation of the serial subcultivated b. cereus and k. vulgare was investigated in this study by culturing the two strains orthogonally on agar plates. it was found that the swarming distance of b. cereus along the trace of k. vulgare on the plate decreased after 150 days' subcultiva ...201424728527
two unrelated episodes of bacillus cereus bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit. 201424725514
antifungal and antibacterial metabolites from an endophytic aspergillus sp. associated with melia azedarach.seven known metabolites, dianhydro-aurasperone c (1), isoaurasperone a (2), fonsecinone a (3), asperpyrone a (4), asperazine (5), rubrofusarin b (6) and (r)-3-hydroxybutanonitrile (7), were isolated from the culture of aspergillus sp. kj-9, a fungal endophyte isolated from melia azedarach and identified by spectroscopic methods. all isolates were evaluated in vitro against several phytopathogenic fungi (gibberella saubinetti, magnaporthe grisea, botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum gloeosporioides a ...201424708541
antibacterial activities and in vitro anti-inflammatory (membrane stability) properties of methanolic extracts of gardenia coronaria leaves.this work is carried out with gardenia coronaria leaves that belong to the family rubiaceae, which is a small-to-medium-sized but tall, deciduous tree, 7.6-9 m high on an average. leaves are used for the treatment of rheumatic pain and bronchitis. the leaf of the plant consists of coronalolide, coronalolic acid, coronalolide methyl ester, ethyl coronalolate acetate triterpenes (secocycloartanes), and so forth. methanol extract from the leaves of gardenia coronaria was completely screened for mem ...201424695677
bioaugmentation treatment of mature landfill leachate by new isolated ammonia nitrogen and humic acid resistant microorganism.the mature landfill leachate, which is characterized by a high concentration of ammonia nitrogen (nh3-n) and humic acid (ha), poses a challenge to biotreatment methods, due to the constituent toxicity and low biodegradable fraction of the organics. in this study, we applied bioaugmentation technology in landfill leachate degradation by introducing a domesticated nh3-n and ha resistant bacteria strain, which was identified as bacillus cereus (abbreviated as b. cereus jlu) and enterococcus casseli ...201424690637
diffusible signal factor (dsf) quorum sensing signal and structurally related molecules enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of antibiotics against some bacterial pathogens.extensive use of antibiotics has fostered the emergence of superbugs that are resistant to multidrugs, which becomes a great healthcare and public concern. previous studies showed that quorum sensing signal dsf (diffusible signal factor) not only modulates bacterial antibiotic resistance through intraspecies signaling, but also affects bacterial antibiotic tolerance through interspecies communication. these findings motivate us to exploit the possibility of using dsf and its structurally related ...201424575808
antimicrobial and genotoxicity effects of zero-valent iron nanoparticles.in a world of nanotechnology, the first concern is the potential environmental impact of nanoparticles. an efficient way to estimate nanotoxicity is to monitor the responses of bacteria exposed to these particles.201425147712
the denitrification characteristics of pseudomonas stutzeri sc221-m and its application to water quality control in grass carp aquaculture.to reduce ammonium and nitrite in aquaculture water, an isolate of the denitrifying bacterium pseudomonas stutzeri, sc221-m, was obtained. the effects of various nitrogen and carbon sources, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and temperature on bacterial growth, denitrification rates and the expression levels of nirs and nosz in sc221-m were studied. the following conditions were determined to be optimal for growth and denitrification in sc221-m: nano2 as the nitrogen source, sodium citrate as the ...201425489740
a genomic region involved in the formation of adhesin fibers in bacillus cereus biofilms.bacillus cereus is a bacterial pathogen that is responsible for many recurrent disease outbreaks due to food contamination. spores and biofilms are considered the most important reservoirs of b. cereus in contaminated fresh vegetables and fruits. biofilms are bacterial communities that are difficult to eradicate from biotic and abiotic surfaces because of their stable and extremely strong extracellular matrix. these extracellular matrixes contain exopolysaccharides, proteins, extracellular dna, ...201425628606
identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria and bacillus cereus from healthcare workers and environmental surfaces in a hospital. 201425280977
isolation and characterization of broad spectrum coaggregating bacteria from different water systems for potential use in bioaugmentation.the bridging bacteria with broad-spectrum coaggregation ability play an important role during multispecies-biofilm development. in this study, through a visual and semi-quantitative assay, twenty-two bacterial strains with aggregation ability were obtained from 8 different water environments, and these strains were assigned to 7 genera according to their 16s rdna and they were aeromonas, bacillus, comamonas, exiguobacterium, pseudomonas, shewanella and comamonas. furthermore, all possible 231 pa ...201424736645
production of polypeptide antibiotic from streptomyces parvulus and its antibacterial activity.a highly potent secondary metabolite producing actinomycetes strain is isolated from marine soil sediments of visakhapatnam sea coast, bay of bengal. over all ten strains are isolated from the collected soil sediments. among the ten actinomycetes strains the broad spectrum strain rspsn2 was selected for molecular characterization, antibiotic production and its purification. the nucleotide sequence of the 1 rrna gene (1261 base pairs) of the most potent strain evidenced a 96% similarity with stre ...201424948949
identification of 3-sulfinopropionyl coenzyme a (coa) desulfinases within the acyl-coa dehydrogenase superfamily.in a previous study, the essential role of 3-sulfinopropionyl coenzyme a (3sp-coa) desulfinase acyl-coa dehydrogenase (acd) in advenella mimigardefordensis strain dpn7(t) (acddpn7) during degradation of 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid (dtdp) was elucidated. dtdp is a sulfur-containing precursor substrate for biosynthesis of polythioesters (ptes). acddpn7 showed high amino acid sequence similarity to acyl-coa dehydrogenases but was unable to catalyze a dehydrogenation reaction. hence, it was investig ...201424317404
alcoholytic cleavage of polyhydroxyalkanoate chains by class iv synthases induced by endogenous and exogenous ethanol.polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha)-producing bacillus strains express class iv pha synthase, which is composed of the subunits phar and phac. recombinant escherichia coli expressing pha synthase from bacillus cereus strain yb-4 (pharcyb-4) showed an unusual reduction of the molecular weight of pha produced during the stationary phase of growth. nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the low-molecular-weight pha revealed that its carboxy end structure was capped by ethanol, suggesting that the molecular ...201424334666
identification of pbc218/pbc210 genes of bacillus cereus g9241 in five florida soils using qpcr.the distribution of the virulent plasmid pbc210 of b. cereus that carries several b. anthracis genes and has been implicated in lethal anthrax-like pulmonary disease is unknown. we screened our collection of 103 b. cereus isolates and 256 soil samples using a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay that targeted three open reading frames putatively unique to pbc210. when tested with dna from 2 b. cereus strains carrying pbc210, and 64 gram-positive and 55 gram-negative bacterial species, the assay had 100 ...201427350995
phages preying on bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis: past, present and future.many bacteriophages (phages) have been widely studied due to their major role in virulence evolution of bacterial pathogens. however, less attention has been paid to phages preying on bacteria from the bacillus cereus group and their contribution to the bacterial genetic pool has been disregarded. therefore, this review brings together the main information for the b. cereus group phages, from their discovery to their modern biotechnological applications. a special focus is given to phages infect ...201425010767
bacillus cereus ar156-induced resistance to colletotrichum acutatum is associated with priming of defense responses in loquat fruit.the effectiveness of a biocontrol agent bacillus cereus ar156 for control of anthracnose rot caused by colletotrichum acutatum in harvested loquat fruit and the possible mechanisms of its action have been investigated. treatment of fruit with b. cereus ar156 resulted in lower disease incidence and smaller lesion diameters compared with that of untreated fruit. the treatment enhanced activities of defense-related enzymes including chitinase, β-1, 3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxida ...201425386680
the cyclic antibacterial peptide enterocin as-48: isolation, mode of action, and possible food applications.enterocin as-48 is a circular bacteriocin produced by enterococcus. it contains a 70 amino acid-residue chain circularized by a head-to-tail peptide bond. the conformation of enterocin as-48 is arranged into five alpha-helices with a compact globular structure. enterocin as-48 has a wide inhibitory spectrum on gram-positive bacteria. sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria increases in combination with outer-membrane permeabilizing treatments. eukaryotic cells are bacteriocin-resistant. this catio ...201425493478
antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde and clove oil: effect on selected foodborne pathogens in model food systems and watermelon juice.natural additives for the control of microbial growth are in demand because consumers prefer them over synthetic ones. in the present investigation, the antibacterial activity of two natural preservatives, cinnamaldeyde and clove oil alone or in combinations was studied, and their potential as food preservative in model food systems and watermelon juice was evaluated. the cinnamaldehyde and clove essential oil showed minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) at or below 5000 mg/l, and fractional in ...201426344998
selection of enhanced antimicrobial activity posing lactic acid bacteria characterised by (gtg)5-pcr fingerprinting.the aim of the study was a detail evaluation of genetic diversity among the lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains having an advantage of a starter culture in order to select genotypically diverse strains with enhanced antimicrobial effect on some harmfull and pathogenic microorganisms. antimicrobial activity of lab was performed by the agar well diffusion method and was examined against the reference strains and foodborne isolates of bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, staphy ...201426139877
a halotolerant thermostable lipase from the marine bacterium oceanobacillus sp. pumb02 with an ability to disrupt bacterial biofilms.a halotolerant thermostable lipase was purified and characterized from the marine bacterium oceanobacillus sp. pumb02. this lipase displayed a high degree of stability over a wide range of conditions including ph, salinity, and temperature. it was optimally active at 30 °c and ph 8.0 respectively and was stable at higher temperatures (50-70 °c) and alkaline ph. the molecular mass of the lipase was approximately 31 kda based on sds-page and maldi-tof fingerprint analysis. conditions for enhanced ...201425482232
cyclic lipodepsipeptides produced by pseudomonas spp. naturally present in raw milk induce inhibitory effects on microbiological inhibitor assays for antibiotic residue screening.two pseudomonas strains, identified as closely related to pseudomonas tolaasii, were isolated from milk of a farm with frequent false-positive delvotest results for screening putative antibiotic residues in raw milk executed as part of the regulatory quality programme. growth at 5 to 7°c of these isolates in milk resulted in high lipolysis and the production of bacterial inhibitors. the two main bacterial inhibitors have a molecular weight of 1168.7 and 1140.7 da respectively, are heat-tolerant ...201424853676
the self-assembly of a cyclic lipopeptides mixture secreted by a b. megaterium strain and its implications on activity against a sensitive bacillus species.cyclic lipopeptides are produced by a soil bacillus megaterium strain and several other bacillus species. in this work, they are detected both in the bacillus intact cells and the cells culture medium by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. the cyclic lipopeptides self-assemble in water media producing negatively charged and large aggregates (300-800 nm of mean hydrodynamic radius) as evaluated by dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential analysis. the aggregate size depends on ph and ionic strength. ...201424816927
novel highly thermostable endolysin from thermus scotoductus mat2119 bacteriophage ph2119 with amino acid sequence similarity to eukaryotic peptidoglycan recognition proteins.in this study, we present the discovery and characterization of a highly thermostable endolysin from bacteriophage ph2119 infecting thermus strain mat2119 isolated from geothermal areas in iceland. nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene affiliated the strain with the species thermus scotoductus. bioinformatics analysis has allowed identification in the genome of phage 2119 of an open reading frame (468 bp in length) coding for a 155-amino-acid basic protein with an mr of 17,555. ph211 ...201424271162
the biosynthesis of udp-d-fucnac-4n-(2)-oxoglutarate (udp-yelosamine) in bacillus cereus atcc 14579: pat and pyl, an aminotransferase and an atp-dependent grasp protein that ligates 2-oxoglutarate to udp-4-amino-sugars.surface glycan switching is often observed when micro-organisms transition between different biotic and abiotic niches, including biofilms, although the advantages of this switching to the organism are not well understood. bacillus cereus grown in a biofilm-inducing medium has been shown to synthesize an unusual cell wall polysaccharide composed of the repeating subunit →6)gal(α1-2)(2-r-hydroxyglutar-5-ylamido)fuc2nac4n(α1-6)glcnac(β1→, where galactose is linked to the hydroxyglutarate moiety of ...201425368324
nitropropenyl benzodioxole, an anti-infective agent with action as a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor.we report on the activities of a broad spectrum antimicrobial compound,nitropropenyl benzodioxole (npbd) which are of relevance to its potential as an anti-infective drug. these investigations support the proposal that a major mechanism of npbd is action as a tyrosine mimetic, competitively inhibiting bacterial and fungal protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptp). npbd did not affect major anti-bacterial drug targets, namely, atp production, cell wall or cell membrane integrity, or transcription and t ...201424976873
microbes associated with freshly prepared juices of citrus and carrots.fruit juices are popular drinks as they contain antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that are essential for human being and play important role in the prevention of heart diseases, cancer, and diabetes. they contain essential nutrients which support the growth of acid tolerant bacteria, yeasts, and moulds. in the present study, we have conducted a microbiological examination of freshly prepared juices (sweet lime, orange, and carrot) by serial dilution agar plate technique. a total of 30 juice s ...201426904628
microbial decontamination of red pepper powder by cold plasma.effects of the microwave-powered cold plasma treatments (cpts) on the inhibition of microorganisms in red pepper powder, including aspergillus flavus and bacillus cereus spores, were investigated. combinations of heat treatment with cpt were investigated for the inhibition of b. cereus spores on the powder. the number of a. flavus was reduced by 2.5 ± 0.3 log spores/g by the cpt with nitrogen at 900 w and 667 pa for 20 min. cpt at 900 w and 667 pa for 20 min inhibited naturally occurring total a ...201424290635
metal based pharmacologically active agents: synthesis, structural characterization, molecular modeling, ct-dna binding studies and in vitro antimicrobial screening of iron(ii) bromosalicylidene amino acid chelates.in recent years, great interest has been focused on fe(ii) schiff base amino acid complexes as cytotoxic and antitumor drugs. thus a series of new iron(ii) complexes based on schiff bases amino acids ligands have been designed and synthesized from condensation of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde (bs) and α-amino acids (l-alanine (ala), l-phenylalanine (phala), l-aspartic acid (aspa), l-histidine (his) and l-arginine (arg)). the structure of the investigated iron(ii) complexes was elucidated using elementa ...201424001978
cyclic dipeptides from rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode-associated bacillus cereus have antimicrobial activities.the cell free culture filtrate of bacillus cereus associated with an entomopathogenic nematode, rhabditis (oscheius) sp. exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. the ethyl acetate extract of the bacterial culture filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain four bioactive compounds. the structure and absolute stereochemistry of these compounds were determined based on extensive spectroscopic analyses (fabms, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, (1)h-(1)h cosy, (1)h-(13)c hmbc) and marfey' ...201423979826
mangostanaxanthones i and ii, new xanthones from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana.two new xanthones: mangostanaxanthones i (3) and ii (5) were isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana, along with four known xanthones: 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone (1), parvifolixanthone c (2), α-mangostin (4), and rubraxanthone (6). their structures were elucidated on the basis of ir, uv, 1d, 2d nmr, and ms spectroscopic data, in addition to comparison with literature data. the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and quorum-sensing inhibitory activities. ...201425128900
chemical composition and biological activity of pulicaria vulgaris essential oil from iran.the present study investigated the chemical composition of the essential oil (eo) from aerial parts (flowering stage) of pulicaria vulgaris gaertn. by gc-ms. also, the antimicrobial activity of the eo against gram-positive bacteria (bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (aspergillus niger and candida albicans) was tested. in total, 23 compounds were recognized, accounting for 98.08% of the eo. the main compounds ...201425532299
antibacterial and antifungal activity of holothuria leucospilota isolated from persian gulf and oman sea.emergence of antimicrobial resistance toward a number of conventional antibiotics has triggered the search for antimicrobial agents from a variety of sources including the marine environment.201425147657
influence of albizia lebbeck saponin and its fractions on in vitro gas production kinetics, rumen methanogenesis, and rumen fermentation characteristics.the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of crude seed powder (csp) and gross saponins extract (gse) of seeds of albizia lebbeck on antimicrobial activity by taking two gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus), two gram-negative (escherichia coli and salmonella typhi) bacteria, and two fungi species (aspergillus niger and candida butyric) were taken at 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 µg levels using agar well diffusion method. zone of inhibition was increased with in ...201424977047
influence of acetylation degree and molecular weight of homogeneous chitosans on antibacterial and antifungal activities.the results given in the literature are conflicting when considering the relationship between antimicrobial activity and chitosan characteristics. to be able to clarify, we prepared fifteen homogeneous chitosans with different acetylation degrees (da) and molecular weights (mw) by reacetylation of a fully deacetylated chitin under homogeneous conditions. they were tested at different ph values for their antimicrobial activities against four gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas a ...201424929684
synthesis, characterization and biological studies of substituted quinozoline-4-(3h)-ones containing diazepine moiety.the synthesis and characterization of new series of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives have been presented. the structures were confirmed by elemental analyses, ir spectral, (1)h nmr spectral and mass spectral data. all the compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities. the antibacterial activity was tested against staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), bacillus cereus (gram positive), escherichia coli (gram negative) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative). the a ...201424438669
volatile analysis and antimicrobial screening of the parasitic plant cuscuta reflexa roxb. from nepal.the essential oil from the parasitic vine cuscuta reflexa roxb., collected from kirtipur, kathmandu, nepal, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. from a total of 62 peaks, 61 compounds were identified in the oil, accounting for 99.6% of the oil. the majority of the essential oil was dominated by the relatively rare component cis-3-butyl-4-vinylcyclopentane (26.4%). the oil also contained substantial amounts of limonene (5.1%) and (e)-nerolidol (9 ...201424116676
hygienic-sanitary evaluation of sushi and sashimi sold in messina and catania, italy.sushi and sashimi are traditional japanese food, mostly consisting of raw seafood alone or in combination with rice. eating sushi and sashimi has become popular in many countries even outside japan. this food is not free from health risks such as ingestion of pathogenic bacteria or parasite. the aim of this study was to investigate on hygienic-sanitary quality of sushi and sashimi sold in the cities of messina and catania, southern italy. fifty samples (38 sushi and 12 sashimi) were analysed to ...201427800343
development of a novel selective and differential medium for the isolation of listeria monocytogenes.a new medium (lecithin and levofloxacin [ll] medium) is described for the isolation of listeria monocytogenes from food samples. ll medium includes lecithin from soybeans for the detection of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase c (pc-plc) produced by l. monocytogenes. levofloxacin is incorporated to inhibit the growth of microorganisms other than l. monocytogenes, especially bacillus cereus, shown to possess pi-plc and pc-plc acti ...201424271177
iron acquisition in bacillus cereus: the roles of ilsa and bacillibactin in exogenous ferritin iron mobilization.in host-pathogen interactions, the struggle for iron may have major consequences on the outcome of the disease. to overcome the low solubility and bio-availability of iron, bacteria have evolved multiple systems to acquire iron from various sources such as heme, hemoglobin and ferritin. the molecular basis of iron acquisition from heme and hemoglobin have been extensively studied; however, very little is known about iron acquisition from host ferritin, a 24-mer nanocage protein able to store tho ...201424550730
high antioxidant and dna protection activities of n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and chitobiose produced by exolytic chitinase from bacillus cereus ew5.chitin-degrading bacterial strains were screened and tested for their ability to degrade shrimp-shell waste (ssw). among the potential strains, b. cereus ew5 exhibited the highest chitin-degrading ability compared with other strains and produced 24 mg of reducing sugar per gram of dry ssw after 4 days of incubation. a tlc analysis of ssw biodegradation revealed that the chitosaccharides produced in the culture supernatant were mainly n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and chitobiose due to the isolate ...201425077065
clostridium and bacillus binary enterotoxins: bad for the bowels, and eukaryotic being.some pathogenic spore-forming bacilli employ a binary protein mechanism for intoxicating the intestinal tracts of insects, animals, and humans. these gram-positive bacteria and their toxins include clostridium botulinum (c2 toxin), clostridium difficile (c. difficile toxin or cdt), clostridium perfringens (ι-toxin and binary enterotoxin, or bec), clostridium spiroforme (c. spiroforme toxin or cst), as well as bacillus cereus (vegetative insecticidal protein or vip). these gut-acting proteins for ...201425198129
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