Publications

entamoeba encystation: new targets to prevent the transmission of amebiasis.	amebiasis is caused by entamoeba histolytica infection and can produce a broad range of clinical signs, from asymptomatic cases to patients with obvious symptoms. the current epidemiological and clinical statuses of amebiasis make it a serious public health problem worldwide. the entamoeba life cycle consists of the trophozoite, the causative agent for amebiasis, and the cyst, the form responsible for transmission. these two stages are connected by "encystation" and "excystation." hence, develop ...	2016	27764256
efficiency of direct microscopy of stool samples using an antigen-specific adhesin test for entamoeba histolytica.	e. histolytica is among the common causes of acute gastroenteritis. the pathogenic species e. histolytica and the nonpathogenic species e. dispar cannot be morphologically differentiated, although correct identification of these protozoans is important for treatment and public health. in many laboratories, the screening of leukocytes, erythrocytes, amoebic cysts, trophozoites and parasite eggs is performed using native-lugol's iodine for pre-diagnosis.	2016	27761283
recurrent amebic liver abscesses over a 16-year period: a case report.	amebic liver abscess is a rare disease in high-income countries. recurrence of amebic liver abscess is even rarer with only a few previous reports. here we present a patient who developed three subsequent amebic liver abscesses over a sixteen-year period.	2016	27756400
prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in the plateau central and centre-ouest regions of burkina faso.	unsafe drinking water, unimproved sanitation and lack of hygiene pose health risks, particularly to children in low- and middle-income countries. this study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in school-aged children in two regions of burkina faso.	2016	27756339
the potential of lactobacillus casei and entercoccus faecium combination as a preventive probiotic against entamoeba.	travellers' diarrhoea caused by enteric protozoa like entamoeba histolytica is among the most common protozoan diseases in developing countries. in developing countries, amoebiasis is the second most prevalent protozoan disease. this protozoan parasite is often known to coexist as a part of the normal gut microbiota. it is estimated that around 50-60 % of population in developing countries might be harbouring entamoeba in an asymptomatic manner. due to physiological perturbation or upon immuno-c ...	2016	27709564
intestinal parasitic infections and associated epidemiological drivers in two rural communities of the bolivian chaco.	in 2013 a coproparasitological survey was carried out in two rural communities of the bolivian chaco to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) and to investigate on possible infection drivers through a questionnaire interview.	2016	27694735
role of cysteine residues in the redox-regulated oligomerization and nucleotide binding to ehrabx3.	the enteric protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica, an etiological agent of amebiasis, is involved in the adhesion and destruction of human tissues. worldwide, the parasite causes about 50 million cases of amebiasis and 100,000 deaths annually. ehrabx3, a unique amoebic rab gtpase with tandem g-domains, possesses an unusually large number of cysteine residues in its n-terminal domain. crystal structure of ehrabx3 revealed an intra-molecular disulfide bond between c39 and c163 which is critica ...	2016	27485554
primary pulmonary amebiasis complicated with multicystic empyema.	amebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan entamoeba histolytica. while most infections are asymptomatic, the disease could manifest clinically as amebic dysentery and/or extraintestinal invasion in the form of amebic liver abscess or other more rare manifestations such as pulmonary, cardiac, or brain involvement. herein we are reporting a case of a 24-year-old male with history of down syndrome who presented with severe right side pneumonia complicated with multicystic empyema r ...	2016	27478673
fulminant amebic colitis after corticosteroid therapy: a systematic review.	amebic colitis, caused by intestinal infection with the parasite, entamoeba histolytica, is a common cause of diarrhea worldwide. fulminant amebic colitis is the most devastating complication of this infection, associated with both high mortality and morbidity. we conducted a review of the english literature to describe cases of fulminant amebic colitis associated with exposure to corticosteroid medications in order to identify the risk factors for poor outcome and determine difficulties in diag ...	2016	27467600
modulation of innate immune response by the vagus nerve in experimental hepatic amebiasis in rats.	the parasympathetic nervous system has a crucial role in immunomodulation of the vagus nerve, its structure provides a pathogen detection system, and a negative feedback to the immune system after the pathogenic agent has been eliminated. amebiasis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, considered the third leading cause of death in the world. the rats are used as a natural resistance model to amoebic liver infection. the aim of this study is to analyze the interact ...	2016	27466057
role of serum amyloid a, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and bone marrow granulocyte-monocyte precursor expansion in segmented filamentous bacterium-mediated protection from entamoeba histolytica.	intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria (sfb) protect from ameba infection, and protection is transferable with bone marrow dendritic cells (bmdcs). sfb cause an increase in serum amyloid a (saa), suggesting that saa might mediate sfb's effects on bmdcs. here we further explored the role of bone marrow in sfb-mediated protection. transient gut colonization with sfb or saa administration alone transiently increased the h3k27 histone demethylase jmjd3, persistently increased bone marrow csf2ra e ...	2016	27456830
antiamoebic activity of adenophyllum aurantium (l.) strother and its effect on the actin cytoskeleton of entamoeba histolytica.	in mexico, the adenophyllum aurantium (l.) strother plant is consumed as an infusion to treat intestinal diseases such as amoebiasis, which is an endemic health problem in mexico and other countries. however, the effect of a. aurantium on entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis, is unknown. an aerial part methanolic extract (aamea), a root methanolic extract (aamer) and a root ethyl acetate extract (aaear) were tested on e. histolytica trophozoites. aamea and aamer did not show ...	2016	27445810
simultaneous detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica, e. dispar, e. moshkovskii, giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium spp. in human fecal samples using multiplex pcr and qpcr-mca.	entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium spp. are common causes of diarrheal and intestinal diseases all over the world. microscopic methods are useful in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites (ips), but their sensitivity was assessed approximately 60 percent. recently, molecular techniques have been used increasingly for the identification and characterization of the parasites. among those, in this study we have used multiplex pcr and real-time pcr with melting curve analysis ...	2016	27423396
prevalence of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium spp. in libya: 2000-2015.	the intestinal protozoa entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium spp. are the causative agents of giardiasis, amebiasis, and cryptosporidiosis, respectively. adequate knowledge of the geographical distribution of parasites and the demographic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations.	2016	27363524
accuracy of mobile phone and handheld light microscopy for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis and intestinal protozoa infections in côte d'ivoire.	handheld light microscopy using compact optics and mobile phones may improve the quality of health care in resource-constrained settings by enabling access to prompt and accurate diagnosis.	2016	27348755
regioselective phosphorylation of myo-inositol with binol-derived phosphoramidites and its application for protozoan lysophosphatidylinositol.	a regioselective phosphorylation method for myo-inositol was developed by utilizing readily preparable binol-derived phosphoramidites. the method also facilitated the complete separation of the diastereomeric products by simple chromatography. based on this phosphorylation and ni-catalyzed alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reaction for long fatty acids, we achieved the first synthesis of a lysophosphatidylinositol, ehpia having long fatty acid c30:1, as a partial structure of glycosylphosphatidylinosit ...	2016	27326923
tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of myosin ii essential light chains of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites regulates their motility.	entamoeba histolytica trophozoites dwell in the human intestine as comensals although under still unclear circumstances become invasive and destroy the host tissues. for these activities, trophozoites relay on remarkable motility provided by the cytoskeleton organization. amebic actin and some of its actin-associated proteins are well known, while components of the myosin ii molecule, although predicted from the e. histolytica genome, need biochemical and functional characterization. recently, a ...	2016	27318258
increases in entamoeba histolytica antibody-positive rates in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and noninfected patients in japan: a 10-year hospital-based study of 3,514 patients.	serological evidence of the epidemiological trends in entamoeba histolytica infection is scarce, especially in nonendemic countries. we aimed to determine the antibody-positive rates over a 10-year period, and compare the trends between human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and -noninfected patients. we reviewed 3,514 patients who underwent antibody testing during the study periods, which were divided into five annual categories: 2004-2005, 2006-2007, 2008-2009, 2010-2011, and 2012-2013. a ...	2016	27296390
serum stress responsive gene ehslncrna of entamoeba histolytica is a novel long noncoding rna.	non coding rnas are known to play important roles in regulating gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels in metazoans. there is very little information available about non coding rnas in protists such as entamoeba histolytica. antisense and micro rnas have been reported in e. histolytica, however no long non coding rnas has been reported yet. here, we report our findings on an in vitro serum stress-inducible gene ehslncrna, a member of b1 transmembrane kinase family ...	2016	27273618
heterogeneity of the serine synthetic pathway in entamoeba species.	phosphoserine phosphatase (psp) catalyzes the third step of the phosphorylated serine biosynthetic pathway, and occurred multiple times in evolution, while enzymes catalyzing the first and second steps in the pathway have single respective origins. in the present study, we examined the existence of psp among genus entamoeba including a human enteric parasite, entamoeba histolytica. e. histolytica as well as majority of entamoeba species have the first and second enzymes, but lacks psp. in contra ...	2016	27268730
immune response of amebiasis and immune evasion by entamoeba histolytica.	entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of amebiasis. it is estimated approximately 1% of humans are infected with e. histolytica, resulting in an estimate of 100,000 deaths annually. clinical manifestations of amebic infection range widely from asymptomatic to severe symptoms, including dysentery and extra-intestinal abscesses. like other infectious diseases, it is assumed that only ~20% of infected individuals develop symptoms, and genetic factors of both the para ...	2016	27242782
horizontal gene transfers from bacteria to entamoeba complex: a strategy for dating events along species divergence.	horizontal gene transfer has proved to be relevant in eukaryotic evolution, as it has been found more often than expected and related to adaptation to certain niches. a relatively large list of laterally transferred genes has been proposed and evaluated for the parasite entamoeba histolytica. the goals of this work were to elucidate the importance of lateral gene transfer along the evolutionary history of some members of the genus entamoeba, through identifying donor groups and estimating the di ...	2016	27239333
an entamoeba histolytica adp-ribosyl transferase from the diphtheria toxin family modifies the bacterial elongation factor tu.	adp-ribosyl transferases are enzymes involved in the post-translational modification of proteins; they participate in multiple physiological processes, pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. several reports have characterized the functions of these enzymes in viruses, prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes, but few studies have reported adp-ribosyl transferases in lower eukaryotes, such as parasites. the locus ehi_155600 from entamoeba histolytica encodes a hypothetical protein that possesses a ...	2016	27234208
proteomic study of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, cysts, and cyst-like structures.	the cyst stage of entamoeba histolytica is a promising therapeutic target against human amoebiasis. our research team previously reported the production in vitro of cyst-like structures (cls) sharing structural features with cysts, including rounded shape, size reduction, multinucleation, and the formation of a chitin wall coupled to the overexpression of glucosamine 6-phosphate isomerase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the chitin synthesis pathway. a proteomic study of e. histolytica trophozoites, ...	2016	27228164
diagnostic performances of antigen detection compared to conventional and nucleic acid detection of entamoeba histolytica in a non-endemic setting.	this study evaluated the immunochromatographic (ic) assay "techlab(®) e. histolytica quik chek™" analysing 36 faecal samples and 7 cultured strains. this assay was compared to the methods performed in our laboratory for the diagnosis of amoebiasis. the ic assay revealed a detection limit of 103 trophozoites/g faeces and no cross-reactivity with other parasites and failed to detect e. histolytica antigen in frozen faeces. in our laboratory located in a non-endemic setting this assay could not rep ...	2016	27196557
amoebiasis vaccine development: a snapshot on e. histolytica with emphasis on perspectives of gal/galnac lectin.	amoebiasis/amebiasis is a gastrointestinal infection caused by an enteric dwelling protozoan, entamoeba histolytica. the disease is endemic in the developing world and is transmitted mainly via the faecal-oral route (e.g., in water or food) and may or may not be symptomatic. this disease of socio-economic importance worldwide involves parasite adherence and cytolysis of human cells followed by invasion that is mediated by galactose-binding (gal/galnac) surface lectin. disruption of the mucus lay ...	2016	27181579
cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasitic infections among hiv patients in southern ethiopia: significance of improved hiv-related care.	intestinal parasitic infections are known to cause gastroenteritis, leading to higher morbidity and mortality, particularly in people living with hiv/aids. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasitic infections among hiv patients receiving care at a hospital in ethiopia where previous available baseline data helps assess if improved hiv-related care has reduced infection rates.	2016	27165271
detection of beta-tubulin in the cytoplasm of the interphasic entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.	it is known that the microtubules (mt) of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites form an intranuclear mitotic spindle. however, electron microscopy studies and the employment of anti-beta-tubulin (β-tubulin) antibodies have not exhibited these cytoskeletal structures in the cytoplasm of these parasites. the purpose of this work was to detect β-tubulin in the cytoplasm of interphasic e. histolytica trophozoites. activated or non-activated hmi-imss-strain e. histolytica trophozoites were used and cult ...	2016	27156446
species-specific immunodetection of an entamoeba histolytica cyst wall protein.	entamoeba histolytica causes intestinal disease in endemic settings throughout the world. diagnosis of e. histolytica infection would be improved by the identification of biomarkers that are expressed by cysts of e. histolytica, but not by cysts of closely related commensal species of entamoeba. herein, we describe two novel monoclonal antibodies (1a4 and 1d3) produced against a spacer region of the e. histolytica jacob2 lectin, an outer cyst wall protein. these reagents demonstrated no cross-re ...	2016	27152855
entamoeba histolytica induces human neutrophils to form nets.	entamoeba histolytica invades the intestine and other organs during the pathogenesis of amoebiasis. in the early stages, the host organism responds with an inflammatory infiltrate composed mostly of neutrophils. it has been reported that these immune cells, activated by e. histolytica, exert a protective role by releasing proteolytic enzymes and generating reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ros/rns) and antimicrobial peptides. it is now known that neutrophils also produce neutrophil extracellular ...	2016	27138813
gastrointestinal parasitosis: histopathological insights to rare but intriguing lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.	gastrointestinal parasitosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. definitive diagnosis is usually made by stool tests and/or serology but may require tissue evaluation. although pathologists are usually familiar with common parasites, it is not well established whether the diagnosis could be suspected without seeing the "parasite" itself.	2016	27136106
archaeological occurrences and historical review of the human amoeba, entamoeba histolytica, over the past 6000years.	understanding parasite history and the evolution of host/parasite relationships is one of the most important aspects of paleoparasitology. within the framework of this research topic, this paper focuses on the human pathogenic amoeba, entamoeba histolytica. the compilation of all the available archaeological data concerning this parasite leads to a first glimpse of the history of this parasite of current medical importance. paleoparasitological investigation into this parasite uses immunological ...	2016	27130884
trends in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth and major intestinal protozoan infections among school-aged children in nepal.	to assess the trends in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (sths), entamoeba histolytica and giardia lamblia among school-aged children in nepal between 1990 and 2015.	2016	27097973
amoebic liver abscess: an unusual cause for a right iliac fossa mass: a case report.	amoebic liver abscess is the most common extra intestinal manifestation of amoebiasis in tropical countries. it usually presents with right hypochondrial pain, fever and anorexia. amoebic liver abscess has gained clinical significance due to the wide variety of clinical presentations which can cause diagnostic dilemmas and high mortality in untreated cases.	2016	27931200
phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α during stress and encystation in entamoeba species.	entamoeba histolytica is an enteric pathogen responsible for amoebic dysentery and liver abscess. it alternates between the host-restricted trophozoite form and the infective environmentally-stable cyst stage. throughout its lifecycle e. histolytica experiences stress, in part, from host immune pressure. conversion to cysts is presumed to be a stress-response. in other systems, stress induces phosphorylation of a serine residue on eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eif2α). this inhibit ...	2016	27930733
metal dependence and branched rna cocrystal structures of the rna lariat debranching enzyme dbr1.	intron lariats are circular, branched rnas (brnas) produced during pre-mrna splicing. their unusual chemical and topological properties arise from branch-point nucleotides harboring vicinal 2',5'- and 3',5'-phosphodiester linkages. the 2',5'-bonds must be hydrolyzed by the rna debranching enzyme dbr1 before spliced introns can be degraded or processed into small nucleolar rna and microrna derived from intronic rna. here, we measure the activity of dbr1 from entamoeba histolytica by using a synth ...	2016	27930312
effect of mass stool examination and mass treatment for decreasing intestinal helminth and protozoan infection rates in bolivian children: a cross-sectional study.	bolivia is one of the countries with a high intestinal helminth and protozoan infection rate. despite the high prevalence of the parasitic infection, nationwide preventive measures for bolivian children have not yet been implemented. we evaluated the effect of mass stool examination and treatment as a strategy for decreasing the infection rate. this study was conducted between 2013 and 2015 in children aged 2-18 years. a total of 2,033 stool samples (575 in 2013, 815 in 2014 and 642 in 2015) wer ...	2016	27923058
a study on hla-dr/dq typing in adult malay patients with acute amoebic liver abscess.	amoebiasis is a parasitic disease caused by entamoeba histolytica that may lead to death in developing countries. few important risk factors have been identified in the development of amoebic liver abscess (ala). there are limited reports that suggest an association between antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) particularly class ii antigens and ala development. this present work aimed at studying the possible association of hla antigens with ala and disease severity. results of ...	2016	28087959
amoeboma in a saudi resident: a case report.	amoebiasis is the third most frequent cause of mortality after malaria and schistosomiasis. in developed countries, amebiasis is also seen in migrants who have travelled to endemic areas. the factors responsible for its progression from intestinal amebiasis to an amebic liver abscess are not fully understood.	2016	28348756
1h, 13c and 15n nmr assignments of a calcium-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica.	we report almost complete sequence specific (1)h, (13)c and (15)n nmr assignments of a 150-residue long calmodulin-like calcium-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica (ehcabp6), as a prelude to its structural and functional characterization.	2016	26377206
structures of parasite calreticulins provide insights into their flexibility and dual carbohydrate/peptide-binding properties.	calreticulin (crt) is a multifaceted protein, initially discovered as an endoplasmic reticulum (er) chaperone protein, that is essential in calcium metabolism. various implications in cancer, early development and immunology have been discovered more recently for crt, as well as its role as a dominant 'eat-me' prophagocytic signal. intriguingly, cell-surface exposure/secretion of crt is among the infective strategies used by parasites such as trypanosoma cruzi, entamoeba histolytica, taenia soli ...	2016	27840680
characterization of a human isolate of tritrichomonas foetus (cattle/swine genotype) infected by a zoonotic opportunistic infection.	tritrichomonas species flagellates (imc strain) were isolated from the biliary tract of an individual who had developed cholecystitis as a complication of acquired agammaglobulinemia. sequence analysis of tritrichomonas sp. (imc clone 2 (cl2)) was performed for several genetic regions including the its1-5.8s rdna-its2 region, the cysteine protease (cp)-1, cp-2 and cp-4 to cp-9 genes, and the cytosolic malate dehydrogenase 1 gene. in addition to comparison of the variable-length dna repeats in th ...	2016	26685985
diagnostic parameters of serological elisa for invasive amoebiasis, using antigens preserved without enzymatic inhibitors.	amoebiasis is the third cause of death due to parasites in the world. although, numerous serodiagnostic and salivary tests have been developed, the majority of these assays lack sensitivity in endemic zones to detect acute amoebic liver abscess. the two main limiting factors to develop reliable assays are the high levels of anti-amoeba antibodies in populations living in endemic zones, and the proteolysis of amoebic extracts even treated with inhibitors. our group reported a method to preserve a ...	2016	26684288
gut microbiome diversity in acute infective and chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases in north india.	the disease profile in the indian population provides a unique opportunity for studying the host microbiome interaction in both infectious (amebiasis) and autoimmune diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) from a similar environment and genetic background. analysis of fecal samples from untreated amebic liver abscess (ala) patients, entamoeba histolytica (eh)-negative and -positive asymptomatic individuals, and pus samples from naive ala patients revealed a significant reduction in lactob ...	2016	26994772
epidemiology of domestically acquired amebiasis in japan, 2000-2013.	notifications of amebiasis have been increasing in japan. using national surveillance data during 2000-2013, reported cases of amebiasis were analyzed. a case of amebiasis was defined as laboratory-confirmed entamoeba histolytica infection, regardless of presence of symptoms. we described temporal trends and analyzed correlates of asymptomatic versus symptomatic cases based on odds ratios (ors) and 95% confidence intervals (cis) using logistic regression. of 9,946 cases reported during 2000-2013 ...	2016	26976888
infection strategies of intestinal parasite pathogens and host cell responses.	giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium sp., and entamoeba histolytica are important pathogenic intestinal parasites and are amongst the leading causes worldwide of diarrheal illness in humans. diseases caused by these organisms, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and amoebiasis, respectively, are characterized by self-limited diarrhea but can evolve to long-term complications. the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diarrhea associated with these three pathogens are being unra ...	2016	26973630
identification of ehtif-ia: the putative e. histolytica orthologue of the human ribosomal rna transcription initiation factor-ia.	initiation of rdna transcription requires the assembly of a specific multi-protein complex at the rdna promoter containing the rna pol i with auxiliary factors. one of these factors is known as rrn3p in yeast and transcription initiation factor ia (tif-ia) in mammals. rrn3p/tif-ia serves as a bridge between rna pol i and the pre-initiation complex at the promoter. it is phosphorylated at multiple sites and is involved in regulation of rdna transcription in a growth-dependent manner. in the early ...	2016	26949087
roles of acetyl-coa synthetase (adp-forming) and acetate kinase (ppi-forming) in atp and ppi supply in entamoeba histolytica.	acetate is an end-product of the ppi-dependent fermentative glycolysis in entamoeba histolytica; it is synthesized from acetyl-coa by adp-forming acetyl-coa synthetase (acs) with net atp synthesis or from acetyl-phosphate by a unique ppi-forming acetate kinase (ack). the relevance of these enzymes to the parasite atp and ppi supply, respectively, are analyzed here.	2016	26922831
the cytokine profile of human nkt cells and pbmcs is dependent on donor sex and stimulus.	sex-related variations in natural killer t (nkt) cells may influence immunoregulation and outcome of infectious and autoimmune diseases. we analyzed sex-specific differences in peripheral blood nkts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from men and women and determined the frequencies of nkt cells and their subpopulations [cd4(+); cd8(+); double negative (dn)] and the levels of cytokine production following stimulation with the nkt cell ligands α-galactosylceramide (αgalcer) and entamo ...	2016	26895635
a review of the proposed role of neutrophils in rodent amebic liver abscess models.	host invasion by entamoeba histolytica, the pathogenic agent of amebiasis, can lead to the development of amebic liver abscess (ala). due to the difficulty of exploring host and amebic factors involved in the pathogenesis of ala in humans, most studies have been conducted with animal models (e.g., mice, gerbils, and hamsters). histopathological findings reveal that the chronic phase of ala in humans corresponds to lytic or liquefactive necrosis, whereas in rodent models there is granulomatous in ...	2016	26880421
x-ray structures of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase from entamoeba histolytica and prevailing hypothesis of the mechanism of auranofin action.	the anti-arthritic gold-containing drug auranofin is lethal to the protozoan intestinal parasite entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of human amebiasis, in both culture and animal models of the disease. a putative mechanism of auranofin action proposes that monovalent gold, au(i), released from the drug, can bind to the redox-active dithiol group of thioredoxin reductase (trxr). au(i) binding in the active site is expected to prevent electron transfer to the downstream substrate thioredox ...	2016	26876147
human liver infection in a dish: easy-to-build 3d liver models for studying microbial infection.	human liver infection is a major cause of death worldwide, but fundamental studies on infectious diseases affecting humans have been hampered by the lack of robust experimental models that accurately reproduce pathogen-host interactions in an environment relevant for the human disease. in the case of liver infection, one consequence of this absence of relevant models is a lack of understanding of how pathogens cross the sinusoidal endothelial barrier and parenchyma. to fill that gap we elaborate ...	2016	26863526
structure-based design of inhibitors of the crucial cysteine biosynthetic pathway enzyme o-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase.	the cysteine biosynthetic pathway is of fundamental importance for the growth, survival, and pathogenicity of the many pathogens. this pathway is present in many species but is absent in mammals. the ability of pathogens to counteract the oxidative defences of a host is critical for the survival of these pathogens during their long latent phases, especially in anaerobic pathogens such as entamoeba histolytica, leishmania donovani, trichomonas vaginalis, and salmonella typhimurium. all of these o ...	2016	26303427
the knockdown of each component of the cysteine proteinase-adhesin complex of entamoeba histolytica (ehcpadh) affects the expression of the other complex element as well as the in vitro and in vivo virulence.	entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan parasite causative of human amoebiasis, disease responsible for 40 000-100 000 deaths annually. the cysteine proteinase-adhesin complex of this parasite (ehcpadh) is a heterodimeric protein formed by a cysteine protease (ehcp112) and an adhesin (ehadh) that plays an important role in the cytopathic mechanism of this parasite. the coding genes for ehcp112 and ehadh are adjacent in the e. histolytica genome, suggesting that their expression may be co-regulate ...	2016	26521708
crystal structure analysis of wild type and fast hydrolyzing mutant of ehrabx3, a tandem ras superfamily gtpase from entamoeba histolytica.	the enteric protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica, is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery, liver abscess and colitis in human. vesicular trafficking plays a key role in the survival and virulence of the protozoan and is regulated by various rab gtpases. ehrabx3 is a catalytically inefficient amoebic rab protein, which is unique among the eukaryotic ras superfamily by virtue of its tandem domain organization. here, we report the crystal structures of gdp-bound fast hydrolyzing mutant (v7 ...	2016	26555751
activity, stability and folding analysis of the chitinase from entamoeba histolytica.	human amebiasis, caused by the parasitic protozoan entamoeba histolytica, remains as a significant public health issue in developing countries. the life cycle of the parasite compromises two main stages, trophozoite and cyst, linked by two major events: encystation and excystation. interestingly, the cyst stage has a chitin wall that helps the parasite to withstand harsh environmental conditions. since the amebic chitinase, ehcht1, has been recognized as a key player in both encystation and excy ...	2016	26526675
dispensability of the [4fe-4s] cluster in novel homologues of adenine glycosylase muty.	7,8-dihydro-8-deoxyguanine (8og) is one of the most common oxidative lesions in dna. dna polymerases misincorporate an adenine across from this lesion. thus, 8og is a highly mutagenic lesion responsible for g:c→t:a transversions. muty is an adenine glycosylase, part of the base excision repair pathway that removes adenines, when mispaired with 8og or guanine. its catalytic domain includes a [4fe-4s] cluster motif coordinated by cysteinyl ligands. when this cluster is absent, muty activity is dep ...	2016	26613369
novel aryl carbamate derivatives of metronidazole as potential antiamoebic agents.	a series of novel aryl carbamate derivatives of metronidazole (mnz) were designed, synthesized, and screened for antiamoebic activity. as compared to mnz, most of the derivatives exhibited moderate to excellent activity against the hm1:imss strain of entamoeba histolytica. compounds 7, 14, 16, 19, and 21 exhibited the most promising antiamoebic activity with ic50 values of 0.24, 0.08, 0.26, 0.26, and 0.15 μm, respectively, compared to that of mnz (1.78 μm). moreover, from the toxicological studi ...	2016	26597858
the oxygen reduction pathway and heat shock stress response are both required for entamoeba histolytica pathogenicity.	several species belonging to the genus entamoeba can colonize the mouth or the human gut; however, only entamoeba histolytica is pathogenic to the host, causing the disease amoebiasis. this illness is responsible for one hundred thousand human deaths per year worldwide, affecting mainly underdeveloped countries. throughout its entire life cycle and invasion of human tissues, the parasite is constantly subjected to stress conditions. under in vitro culture, this microaerophilic parasite can toler ...	2016	26589893
evaluation of the bd max enteric parasite panel for clinical diagnostics.	we compared the performance of the bd max enteric parasite panel to routine microscopy and an in-house pcr for the detection of giardia intestinalis, entamoeba histolytica, and cryptosporidium spp. the enteric parasite panel showed good specificity for all targets and good sensitivity for e. histolytica and cryptosporidium spp. sensitivity for g. intestinalis with the bd max enteric parasite panel was equivalent to that with microscopy.	2016	26582832
human parasitic protozoan infection to infertility: a systematic review.	protozoan parasitic diseases are endemic in many countries worldwide, especially in developing countries, where infertility is a major burden. it has been reported that such infections may cause infertility through impairment in male and female reproductive systems. we searched medline, pubmed, and scopus databases and google scholar to identify the potentially relevant studies on protozoan parasitic infections and their implications in human and animal model infertility. literature described th ...	2016	26573517
prevalence of intestinal protozoans among schoolchildren in suburban areas near yangon, myanmar.	although intestinal protozoans are common etiologies of diarrhea, few studies have been conducted in myanmar. this study planned to investigate the prevalence of giardia lamblia, entamoeba coli, entamoeba histolytica, and endolimax nana among schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near yangon, myanmar. we performed a cross-sectional survey among schoolchildren and their guardians from 7 primary schools in south dagon and hlaing thar yar districts, yangon, myanmar. stool samples wer ...	2016	27417092
[colonic perforation due to invasive amebic colitis during anti-tnf therapy for spondyloarthritis].	tnf blockade has been successful in the treatment of some rheumatic diseases such as spondyloarthritis. many infectious complications have been reported with anti-tnf therapy, mainly bacterial, mycobacterial, viral and fungal infections. entamoeba histolytica is an extracellular protozoan parasite that mainly causes colitis and hepatic abscess; bowel perforation is an uncommon complication with high mortality. tnf is considered the principal mediator of cell immunity against amebiasis. initially ...	2016	25458030
[entamoeba histolytica: erythrocyt e phagocytosis and capture distance].		2016	25418666
caecal amebic colitis mimicking obstructing right sided colonic carcinoma with liver metastases: a rare case.	intestinal entamoeba histolytica infection can lead to colitis, abscess formation, colonic perforation and rarely amoeboma. we report a case of colonic amoebiasis, in which the presenting symptoms and radiological findings closely resembled an obstructing right-sided colonic carcinoma, with liver metastases.	2016	25022419
invasive amoebiasis: a review of entamoeba infections highlighted with case reports.	entamoeba histolytica infections of the gastrointestinal tract are common in the developing world but rare in north america. the authors present two cases: one involving an individual who had not travelled to an endemic area and another involving an individual who was born in bulgaria. both presented with severe abdominal pain and diarrhea. endoscopic assessment revealed scattered colonic ulcerations and one patient was found to have a liver abscess on imaging. stool ova and parasite studies wer ...	2016	25157525
[prevalence of intestinal parasites at saint-camille medical center in ouagadougou (burkina faso), 1991 to 2010].	intestinal parasitoses continue to be a major public health problem in developing countries.	2016	22868724
antiprotozoal activity of extracts of elaeodendron trichotomum (celastraceae).	chagas disease, amebiasis, giardiasis and trichomoniasis represent a serious health problem in latin america. the drugs employed to treat these illnesses produce important side effects and resistant strains have appeared. the present study was aimed to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of leaves, stem bark and root bark of elaeodendron trichotomum, a celastraceus, that is used in mexico as an anti-infective in febrile-type diseases.	2016	28852732
detection of giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium spp. and entamoeba histolytica in clinical stool samples by using multiplex real-time pcr after automated dna isolation.	diagnosis of intestinal parasites in stool samples is generally still carried out by microscopy; however, this technique is known to suffer from a low sensitivity and is unable to discriminate between certain protozoa. in order to overcome these limitations, a real-time multiplex pcr was evaluated as an alternative approach for diagnosing giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium spp. and entamoeba histolytica in stool samples.therefore, a total of 631 faecal samples were analysed both by microscopy as w ...	2016	24156218
[colonic amoebiasis simulating a cecal tumor: case report].	colonic ameboma is a rare inflammatory pseudo-tumor of the colon that can mimic cancer development. this case was located in the cecum and appeared malignant from a macroscopic view. accordingly a right hemicolectomy was performed, followed by an end-to-side ileocolic anastomosis. the pathology study enabled us to correct the diagnosis and affirm its amebic origin.	2016	23797923
[amebic liver abscess and late recurrence with no travel in an endemic area].	amebic liver abscess is the main complication of amebic dysentery. recurrences after treatment and apparent healing are very uncommon. the purpose of this report is to describe the case of a patient with a very late relapse of an amebic liver abscess, 10 years after the first episode. this recurrence seems due to an incomplete initial treatment. this case illustrates the reason for and importance of complying with the current therapeutic strategy: nitroimidazole followed by a luminal agent to er ...	2016	24026002
entamoeba histolytica pleuropulmonary infection. case report and review of the literature.	pleuropulmonary amebiasis is the 2nd most common extraintestinal site of amebiasis after liver abscess. we describe a man with pleuropulmonary amebiasis presenting with pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion. in patients with pneumonia coming from endemic countries such as lebanon, pleuropulmonary amebiasis should be considered in the setting of chocolate-colored sputum, negative respiratory cultures, and failure of antibacterial therapy.	2016	22919872
prevalence of parasitic contamination in salad vegetables collected from supermarkets and street vendors in amman and baqa’a - jordan.	one of the main ways in transmitting parasites to humans is through consuming contaminated raw vegetables. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of parasitological contamination (helminthes eggs, giardia and entamoeba histolytica cysts) of salad vegetables sold at supermarkets and street vendors in amman and baqa’a – jordan. a total of 133 samples of salad vegetables were collected and examined for the prevalence of parasites. it was found that 29% of the samples were contaminated ...	2016	28517923
the e. histolytica genome structure and virulence.	the outcome of an entamoeba histolytica infection is variable and the contribution of genetic diversity within e. histolytica to human disease is not fully understood. the information provided by the whole genome sequence of the e. histolytica reference laboratory strain (hm-1:imss) and thirteen additional laboratory strains have been made publically available. in this review theories on the source of the unexpected level of structural diversity found in e. histolytica will be discussed.	2016	28497014
treatment of diarrhoea using traditional medicines: contemporary research in south africa and zimbabwe.	gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhoea in particular remain a major concern in south africa and zimbabwe resulting in high mortality rates when left untreated. this investigation was aimed at documenting herbal medicines used in the treatment of diarrhoea in south africa and zimbabwe.	2016	28480353
ehrho1 regulates plasma membrane blebbing through pi3 kinase in entamoeba histolytica.	the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis, a major public health problem in developing countries. motility of e. histolytica is important for its pathogenesis. blebbing is an essential process contributing to cellular motility in many systems. in mammalian cells, formation of plasma membrane blebs is regulated by rho-gtpases through its effectors, such as rho kinase, mdia1, and acto-myosin proteins. in this study, we have illuminated the role of ehrho1 in bleb formation and ...	2017	28477431
an anti-amoebic vaccine: generation of the recombinant antigen lc3 from entamoeba histolytica linked to mutated exotoxin a (peδiii) via the pichia pastoris system.	to generate an immunogenic chimeric protein containing the entamoeba histolytica lc3 fragment fused to the retrograde delivery domains of exotoxin a of pseudomonas aeruginosa and kdel3 for use as an effective vaccine.	2017	28470625
proliferating cell nuclear antigen restores the enzymatic activity of a dna ligase i deficient in dna binding.	proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) coordinates multienzymatic reactions by interacting with a variety of protein partners. family i dna ligases are multidomain proteins involved in sealing of dna nicks during okazaki fragment maturation and dna repair. the interaction of dna ligases with the interdomain connector loop (idcl) of pcna through its pcna-interacting peptide (pip box) is well studied but the role of the interacting surface between both proteins is not well characterized. in thi ...	2017	28469979
entamoeba histolytica: host parasite interactions at the colonic epithelium.	entamoeba histolytica (eh) is the protozoan parasite responsible for intestinal amebiasis and interacts dynamically with the host intestinal epithelium during disease pathogenesis. a multifaceted pathogenesis profile accounts for why 90% of individuals infected with eh are largely asymptomatic. for 100 millions individuals that are infected each year, key interactions within the intestinal mucosa dictate disease susceptibility. the ability for eh to induce amebic colitis and disseminate into ext ...	2017	28452682
multiplex pcr detection of cryptosporidium sp, giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica directly from dried stool samples from guinea-bissauan children with diarrhoea.	in developing countries, diarrhoea is the most common cause of death for children under five years of age, with giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium and entamoeba histolytica as the most frequent pathogenic parasites. traditional microscopy for stool parasites has poor sensitivity and specificity, while new molecular methods may provide more accurate diagnostics. in poor regions with sample storage hampered by uncertain electricity supply, research would benefit from a method capable of analysing dr ...	2017	28446068
intestinal parasitic infections: current status and associated risk factors among school aged children in an archetypal african urban slum in nigeria.	intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) among school aged children (sac) in nigeria remains endemic, hence the need for regular surveillance to attract the attention of policy makers. this cross-sectional study investigated the current prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among school aged children in an urban slum of lagos city, nigeria.	2017	28711437
antiprotozoal, antibacterial and antidiarrheal properties from the flowers of chiranthodendron pentadactylon and isolated flavonoids.	chiranthodendron pentadactylon larreat. (sterculiaceae) is a mexican plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of heart disease symptoms and infectious diarrhea.	2017	28539715
profile of intestinal parasitosis among school-aged children in kiliba (eastern dr congo).	this study of feces sought to determine the prevalence of human intestinal parasites in the kiliba area of the eastern dr congo. feces of 602 school children aged from 9 to 20 years were collected from april to june 2014 and examined. direct analyses were supplemented with the kato and ritchie methods. the global prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in school-aged children in the kiliba area was 91.4 % [95 % ci: 87.6-94.3%]. the frequency of helminthiasis was high at 73.8 % (95 % ci: 68.4-78.6%) ...	2017	28655684
gastrointestinal parasites in captive and free-ranging cebus albifrons in the western amazon, ecuador.	currently, there is a lack of surveys that report the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in the white-headed capuchin monkey (cebus albifrons). we therefore assessed the presence and richness (= number of different parasite genera) of parasites in c. albifrons in wildlife refuges (n = 11) and in a free-ranging group near a human village (n = 15) in the ecuadorian amazon. in the 78 samples collected (median of 3 samples per animal), we identified a total of 6 genera of gastrointestinal para ...	2017	28808619
an integrated study of human and animal infectious disease in the lake victoria crescent small-holder crop-livestock production system, kenya.	the neglected zoonotic diseases (nzd) are an understudied group that are a major cause of illness throughout the developing world. in general, little is known about the prevalence and burden of nzds in affected communities, particularly in relation to other infectious diseases with which they are often co-endemic. we describe the design and descriptive epidemiological outputs from an integrated study of human and animal zoonotic and non-zoonotic disease in a rural farming community in western ke ...	2017	28666412
hookworm infection is associated with decreased cd4+ t cell counts in hiv-infected adult ugandans.	most studies evaluating epidemiologic relationships between helminths and hiv have been conducted in the pre-art era, and evidence of the impact of helminth infections on hiv disease progression remains conflicting. less is known about helminth infection and clinical outcomes in hiv-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (art). we sampled hiv-infected adults for eight gastrointestinal parasites and correlated parasitic infection with demographic predictors, and clinical and immunologic ...	2017	28542260
high prevalence of enteroparasites in children from ribeirão preto, são paulo, brazil.	to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and possible associated factors.	2017	28562805
intestinal parasitic infections: current prevalence and risk factors among schoolchildren in capital area of the republic of marshall islands.	intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) among schoolchildren in republic of marshall islands (rmi) largely remains unknown, thus investigation on ipis status to establish the baseline data is urgently needed. this cross-sectional study intended to investigate the current ipis status and associated risk factors among schoolchildren at capital of rmi. single stool sample from 400 schoolchildren (207 boys and 193 girls) aged 9.73±2.50 yrs old was examined by employing merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde ...	2017	28847672
molecular analysis of the enteric protozoa associated with acute diarrhea in hospitalized children.	pediatric diarrhea is a common cause of death among children under 5 years of age. in the current study, we investigated the frequency of intestinal parasites among 580 pediatric patients with chronic diarrhea. parasitic protozoa (all species combined) were detected by molecular tools in 22.9% of the children and the most common parasite was cryptosporidium spp. (15.1%). blastocystis hominis was detected in 4.7%, dientamoeba fragilis in 4%, giardia duodenalis in 1.7%, and entamoeba histolytica i ...	2017	28824878
evaluation of primitive ground water supplies as a risk factor for the development of major waterborne zoonosis in egyptian children living in rural areas.	endemic waterborne zoonosis frequently occurs in both developed and less developed countries. thus, bio-surveillance of waterborne zoonosis is a "necessity" for the implementation of effective preventive public health measures in egyptian rural areas. the primitive individual water supplies created by the rural agriculture population, primarily from ground water, usually maximize the customers' exposure to impurity pathogens via diffused humans and animal excreta or wastages. the current study a ...	2017	28843417
detection of cryptosporidium in stool samples of immunocompromised patients.	cryptosporidium species is the most common opportunistic enteric parasite encountered in the immunocompromised patients. considering the need to diagnose them early relies mostly on rapid tests such as antigen detection by immunochromatographic test (ict), elisa, and microscopy. however, the sensitivity and specificity varies with different methods and different kits used. this study was conducted to determine the intestinal parasitic profile in immunocompromised patients and to assess the diagn ...	2017	28459014
evaluation of the bd max enteric parasite panel for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, giardia duodenalis and entamoeba histolytica.	conventional laboratory detection methods for gastrointestinal parasites are time consuming, require considerable technical expertise and may suffer from poor analytical sensitivity. this study sought to evaluate the automated bd max enteric parasite panel (epp) for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, entamoeba histolytica and giardia duodenalis.methodolgy. a total of 104 known positive samples (43 cryptosporidium parvum/hominis and 61 g. duodenalis), 15 simulated samples (e. histol ...	2017	28792380
use of serologic responses against enteropathogens to assess the impact of a point-of-use water filter: a randomized controlled trial in western province, rwanda.	diarrhea is a leading contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa. given the challenge of blinding most water, sanitation, and hygiene (wash) interventions, diarrheal disease outcome measures in wash intervention trials are subject to potential bias and misclassification. using the platform of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a household-based drinking water filter in western province, rwanda, we assessed the impact of the drinking water filter on enteric seroc ...	2017	28749764
measuring changes in transmission of neglected tropical diseases, malaria, and enteric pathogens from quantitative antibody levels.	serological antibody levels are a sensitive marker of pathogen exposure, and advances in multiplex assays have created enormous potential for large-scale, integrated infectious disease surveillance. most methods to analyze antibody measurements reduce quantitative antibody levels to seropositive and seronegative groups, but this can be difficult for many pathogens and may provide lower resolution information than quantitative levels. analysis methods have predominantly maintained a single diseas ...	2017	28542223
self-reported infections during international travel and notifiable infections among returning international travellers, sweden, 2009-2013.	we studied food and water-borne diseases (fwds), sexually transmitted diseases (stds), vector-borne diseases (vbds) and diseases vaccinated against in the swedish childhood vaccination programme among swedish international travellers, in order to identify countries associated with a high number of infections. we used the national database for notifiable infections to estimate the number of fwds (campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, shigellosis, ehec, entamoeba histolytica, yersinosis, ...	2017	28753671
occurrence and removal efficiency of parasitic protozoa in swedish wastewater treatment plants.	giardia intestinalis, cryptosporidium spp., entamoeba histolytica and dientamoeba fragilis are parasitic protozoa and causative agents of gastroenteritis in humans. g. intestinalis and cryptosporidium spp. in particular are the most common protozoa associated with waterborne outbreaks in high-income countries. surveillance of protozoan prevalence in wastewater and evaluation of wastewater treatment removal efficiencies of protozoan pathogens is therefore imperative for assessment of human health ...	2017	28458199
comparison of hemolytic activity of the intermediate subunit of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar lectins.	galactose and n-acetyl-d-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin of entamoeba histolytica has roles in pathogenicity and induction of protective immunity in rodent models of amoebiasis. recently, the intermediate subunit of the lectin, igl1, of e. histolytica has been shown to have hemolytic activity. however, the corresponding lectin is also expressed in a non-virulent species, entamoeba dispar, and another subunit, igl2, is expressed in the protozoa. therefore, in this study, we compared the activiti ...	2017	28750000
no detection of entamoeba histolytica by multiplex pcr in children with acute non-bloody diarrhea in guatemala.	entamoeba histolytica is believed to be a ubiquitous cause of pediatric non-bloody diarrhea. using a multiplex pcr assay, we identified stool pathogens in 298 guatemalan children presenting with acute, non-bloody diarrhea. despite a high overall pathogen burden, we identified no cases of e. histolytica. knowledge of local epidemiology is important to inform e. histolytica therapeutic strategies in low-income settings.	2017	28858041
inhibition of amebic lysosomal acidification blocks amebic trogocytosis and cell killing.	entamoeba histolytica ingests fragments of live host cells in a nibbling-like process termed amebic trogocytosis. amebic trogocytosis is required for cell killing and contributes to tissue invasion, which is a hallmark of invasive amebic colitis. work done prior to the discovery of amebic trogocytosis showed that acid vesicles are required for amebic cytotoxicity. in the present study, we show that acidified lysosomes are required for amebic trogocytosis and cell killing. interference with lysos ...	2017	28851845
synthetic analogs of an entamoeba histolytica glycolipid designed to combat intracellular leishmania infection.	intracellular pathogens belonging to the genus leishmania have developed effective strategies that enable them to survive within host immune cells. immunostimulatory compounds that counteract such immunological escape mechanisms represent promising treatment options for diseases. here, we demonstrate that a lipopeptidephosphoglycan (lppg) isolated from the membrane of a protozoan parasite, entamoeba histolytica (eh), shows considerable immunostimulatory effects targeted against leishmania (l.) m ...	2017	28842620