Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| express sequence tag analysis - identification of anseriformes trypsin genes from full-length cdna library of the duck (anas platyrhynchos) and characterization of their structure and function. | trypsins are key proteins important in animal protein digestion by breaking down the peptide bonds on the carboxyl side of lysine and arginine residues, hence it has been used widely in various biotechnological processes. in the current study, a full-length cdna library with capacity of 5·10(5) cfu/ml from the duck (anas platyrhynchos) was constructed. using express sequence tag (est) sequencing, genes coding two trypsins were identified and two full-length trypsin cdnas were then obtained by ra ... | 2016 | 27260395 |
| increased water contamination and grow-out pekin duck mortality when raised with water troughs compared to pin-metered water lines using a united states management system. | controversy has developed as to whether or not pin-metered water lines or water troughs are more appropriate for pekin ducks. we hypothesized that water troughs would show improved duck body conditions and environmental quality compared to pin-metered water lines. to test this hypothesis, we housed ducks in 2 barns, one with water lines and one with water troughs. water troughs were constructed to meet rspca guidelines for number and density of ducks and with recently described verandas. ducks w ... | 2016 | 26769272 |
| characterization of the pathogenesis of h10n3, h10n7, and h10n8 subtype avian influenza viruses circulating in ducks. | three h10 subtype avian influenza viruses were isolated from domestic ducks in china, designated as sh602/h10n8, fj1761/h10n3 and sx3180/h10n7, with an intravenous pathogenicity index (ivpi) of 0.39, 1.60, and 1.27, respectively. these h10 viruses showed a complex pathology pattern in different species, although full genome characterizations of the viruses could not identify any molecular determinant underlying the observed phenotypes. our findings describe the pathobiology of the three h10 subt ... | 2016 | 27678170 |
| survey for west nile virus antibodies in wild ducks, 2004-06, usa. | detection of west nile virus (wnv) in ducks has been reported in north america in isolated cases of mortality in wild waterbirds and following outbreaks in farmed ducks. although the virus has been noted as an apparent incidental finding in several species of ducks, little is known about the prevalence of exposure or the outcome of infection with wnv in wild ducks in north america. from 2004-06, we collected sera from 1,406 wild-caught american wigeon ( anas americana ), mallard ( anas platyrhyn ... | 2016 | 26981693 |
| phylogenetic analysis of nasal avian schistosomes (trichobilharzia) from aquatic birds in mazandaran province, northern iran. | nasal schistosomes are trematodes in the family schistosomatidae, many members of which are causative agents of human cercarial dermatitis (hcd). little is known about the species diversity and distribution of nasal dwelling schistosomes of water birds, particularly in countries outside of europe; even less is known in countries like iran. nasal schistosomes are of particular interest since these species migrate via the central nervous system to the nasal cavity once they penetrate their host. t ... | 2016 | 26631753 |
| construction of an infectious cdna clone of tembusu virus isolated from breeder peking ducks. | 2016 | 26786771 | |
| riemerella anatipestifer infection in domestic ducks in japan, 2014. | the outbreak of riemerella anatipestifer (ra) infection has been confirmed in meat-type domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos) for the first time in 27 years in japan. in january 2014, increased mortality in a 14- to 21-day-old duck flock was reported to veterinary officials by the owner. the affected ducks exhibited reduced movement, ataxia and dorsal recumbency with leg paddling. pathological findings were typical for an ra infection. fibrinous and heterophilic pericarditis, airsacculitis, perihe ... | 2016 | 27373315 |
| the riemerella anatipestifer as87_01735 gene encodes nicotinamidase pnca, an important virulence factor. | riemerella anatipestifer is a major bacterial pathogen that causes septicemic and exudative diseases in domestic ducks. in our previous study, we found that deletion of the as87_01735 gene significantly decreased the bacterial virulence of r. anatipestifer strain yb2 (mutant ra625). the as87_01735 gene was predicted to encode a nicotinamidase (pnca), a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nicotinamide to nicotinic acid, which is an important reaction in the nad(+) salvage pathway. in this ... | 2016 | 27451449 |
| prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini-like fluke infection in ducks in binh dinh province, central vietnam. | following the first report of opisthorchis viverrini infection in a domestic duck in phu my district of binh dinh province, central vietnam, many other cases were observed in the province. we determined the infection rate and intensity of o. viverrini infection in ducks in 4 districts of the province. a total of 178 ducks were randomly selected from 34 farms for examination of flukes in the liver and gall bladder. an infection rate of 34.3% (range 20.7-40.4% among districts) was found; the inten ... | 2016 | 27417094 |
| complete genome sequence of a virulent newcastle disease virus strain isolated from a clinically healthy duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in pakistan. | here, we report the complete genome sequence of a virulent newcastle disease virus (vndv) strain, duck/pakistan/lahore/aw-123/2015, isolated from apparently healthy laying ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) from the province of punjab, pakistan. the virus has a genome length of 15,192 nucleotides and is classified as member of subgenotype viii, class ii. | 2016 | 27469959 |
| complete genome sequence of a genotype xvii newcastle disease virus, isolated from an apparently healthy domestic duck in nigeria. | the first complete genome sequence of a strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) of genotype xvii is described here. a velogenic strain (duck/nigeria/903/kudu-113/1992) was isolated from an apparently healthy free-roaming domestic duck sampled in kuru, nigeria, in 1992. phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein gene and complete genome classified the isolate as a member of ndv class ii, genotype xvii. | 2016 | 26847901 |
| wild birds in romania are more exposed to west nile virus than to newcastle disease virus. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of west nile virus (wnv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) in wild and domestic birds from romania. during 2011-2014, 159 plasma samples from wild birds assigned to 11 orders, 27 families, and 61 species and from 21 domestic birds (gallus gallus domesticus, anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were collected. the sera were assayed by two commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) kits for antibodies against wnv and ndv. we ... | 2016 | 26824796 |
| identification and complete genome sequence analysis of a genotype xiv newcastle disease virus from nigeria. | the first complete genome sequence of a strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) from genotype xiv is reported here. strain duck/nigeria/ng-695/kg.lom.11-16/2009 was isolated from an apparently healthy domestic duck from a live bird market in kogi state, nigeria, in 2009. this strain is classified as a member of subgenotype xivb of class ii. | 2016 | 26823576 |
| genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of newcastle disease virus isolated from domestic duck in south korea. | domestic ducks are considered a potential reservoir of newcastle disease virus. in the study, a newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolated from a domestic duck during surveillance in south korea was characterized. the complete genome of the ndv isolate was sequenced, and the phylogenetic relationship to reference strains was studied. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain clustered in genotype i of class ii nd viruses, has highly phylogenetic similarity to ndv strains isolated from waterfowl ... | 2016 | 26721461 |
| an epidemiological study of avian influenza a (h5) virus in nomadic ducks and their raising practices in northeastern bangladesh, 2011-2012. | in bangladesh, nomadic duck flocks are groups of domestic ducks reared for egg production that are moved to access feeding sites beyond their owners' village boundaries and are housed overnight in portable enclosures in scavenging areas. the objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence of influenza a virus rna and h5-specific antibodies in nomadic ducks and to characterize nomadic duck raising practices in northeastern bangladesh. | 2016 | 27966289 |
| does influenza a virus infection affect movement behaviour during stopover in its wild reservoir host? | the last decade has seen a surge in research on avian influenza a viruses (iavs), in part fuelled by the emergence, spread and potential zoonotic importance of highly pathogenic virus subtypes. the mallard (anas platyrhynchos) is the most numerous and widespread dabbling duck in the world, and one of the most important natural hosts for studying iav transmission dynamics. in order to predict the likelihood of iav transmission between individual ducks and to other hosts, as well as between geogra ... | 2016 | 26998334 |
| outbreak of avian tuberculosis in commercial domestic pekin ducks ( anas platyrhynchos domestica). | avian tuberculosis is a contagious disease affecting various domestic and wild bird species, and is caused by mycobacterium avium . it is reported extremely rarely in commercial poultry flocks and has not been reported in commercial domestic ducks to date, with domestic ducks reported to be moderately resistant to m. avium infection. here, we report the outbreak of avian tuberculosis in commercial pekin duck ( anas platyrhynchos domestica) flocks. postmortem and histopathologic findings included ... | 2016 | 27610730 |
| complete genome sequence of mycobacterium avium, isolated from commercial domestic pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domestica), determined using pacbio single-molecule real-time technology. | mycobacterium avium is an important pathogenic bacterium in birds and has never, to our knowledge, reported to be isolated from domestic ducks. we present here the complete genome sequence of a virulent strain of mycobacterium avium, isolated from domestic pekin ducks for the first time, which was determined by pacbio single-molecule real-time technology. | 2016 | 27587804 |
| serological evidence of widespread west nile virus and japanese encephalitis virus infection in native domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos var domesticus) in kuttanad region, kerala, india. | birds can act as reservoirs of west nile virus (wnv) with a key role in its epidemiology. wnv lineage 1 associated fatal cases of human encephalitis in 2011 and acute flaccid paralysis in 2013 were reported in alappuzha district, kerala, india. but no information is available on wnv circulation in domestic ducks, which are abundant, cohabit with humans and occupy wetlands and water bodies in the region. to determine the extent of wnv infection, we investigated 209 sera, 250 oral and 350 cloacal ... | 2016 | 27638121 |
| efficacy of a recombinant turkey herpesvirus h5 vaccine against challenge with h5n1 clades 1.1.2 and 2.3.2.1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus). | domestic ducks are the second most abundant poultry species in many asian countries and have played a critical role in the epizootiology of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai).in this study, the protective efficacy of a live recombinant vector vaccine based on a turkey herpesvirus (hvt) expressing the h5 gene from a clade 2.2 h5n1 hpai strain (a/swan/hungary/4999/ 2006) (rhvt-h5/2.2), given at 3 days of age, was examined in pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus). the vaccine was g ... | 2016 | 26953940 |
| phylogenetic and biological characterization of three k1203 (h5n8)-like avian influenza a virus reassortants in china in 2014. | three h5n8 avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic geese in china in 2014 were characterized phylogenetically and biologically. phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomic sequences of the three isolates from this study and those of 61 other h5n8 viruses retrieved from the gisaid platform indicated that, chronologically and geographically, all h5n8 viruses of the asian h5n1 ha lineage of clade 2.3.4.4 are the direct descendents of the k1203 (h5n8)-like viruses first isolated in china in ... | 2016 | 26526148 |
| corneal opacity in domestic ducks experimentally infected with h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. | domestic ducks can be a key factor in the regional spread of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus in asia. the authors performed experimental infections to examine the relationship between corneal opacity and h5n1 hpai virus infection in domestic ducks (anas platyrhyncha var domestica). a total of 99 domestic ducks, including 3 control birds, were used in the study. in experiment 1, when domestic ducks were inoculated intranasally with 2 h5n1 hpai viruses, corneal opacity appeared ... | 2016 | 26123230 |
| movement analysis of free-grazing domestic ducks in poyang lake, china: a disease connection. | previous work suggests domestic poultry are important contributors to the emergence and transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza throughout asia. in poyang lake, china, domestic duck production cycles are synchronized with arrival and departure of thousands of migratory wild birds in the area. during these periods, high densities of juvenile domestic ducks are in close proximity to migratory wild ducks, increasing the potential for the virus to be transmitted and subsequently disseminat ... | 2016 | 27695384 |
| pathogenicity and transmission of h5 and h7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mallards. | wild aquatic birds have been associated with the intercontinental spread of h5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses of the a/goose/guangdong/1/96 (gs/gd) lineage during 2005, 2010, and 2014, but dispersion by wild waterfowl has not been implicated with spread of other hpai viruses. to better understand why gs/gd h5 hpai viruses infect and transmit more efficiently in waterfowl than other hpai viruses, groups of mallard ducks were challenged with one of 14 different h5 and h7 ... | 2016 | 27558429 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of h5, h6 and h9 avian influenza viruses circulating in live bird markets with intervention in the center part of vietnam. | a total of 3,045 environmental samples and oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from apparently healthy poultry have been collected at three live bird markets (lbms) at which practices were applied to reduce avian influenza (ai) virus transmission (intervention lbms) and six conventional lbms (non-intervention lbms) in thua thien hue province in 2014 to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention lbms. the 178 ai viruses, including h3 (19 viruses), h4 (2), h5 (8), h6 (30), h9 (114), and h11 (5), were i ... | 2016 | 27527783 |
| clade-level spatial modelling of hpai h5n1 dynamics in the mekong region reveals new patterns and associations with agro-ecological factors. | the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus has been circulating in asia since 2003 and diversified into several genetic lineages, or clades. although the spatial distribution of its outbreaks was extensively studied, differences in clades were never previously taken into account. we developed models to quantify associations over time and space between different hpai h5n1 viruses from clade 1, 2.3.4 and 2.3.2 and agro-ecological factors. we found that the distribution of clades in th ... | 2016 | 27453195 |
| recombinant turkey herpesvirus-ai vaccine virus replication in different species of waterfowl. | waterfowl play a key role in the epidemiology of the h5n1 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus; therefore, efficient immunization of domesticated ducks and geese to maximize the impact of other control measures is of great importance. a recombinant (r)hvt-ai, expressing the ha gene of a clade 2.2 h5n1 hpai strain had been developed and proved to be efficient against different clades of h5n1 hpai virus in chickens after a single vaccination at 1 day old and could provide long ... | 2016 | 27309057 |
| new reassortant h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in southern china, 2014. | new reassortant h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aivs) were isolated from apparently healthy domestic ducks in southern china in 2014. our results show that the viruses grew efficiently in eggs and replicated systemically in chickens. they were completely lethal in chicken (100% mortality), and the mean death time was 6 to 7 days post-inoculation. the viruses could transmit in chickens by naïve contact. blast analysis revealed that their ha gene was most closely related to a/wild ... | 2016 | 27242767 |
| neuroinvasive influenza virus a(h5n8) in fattening ducks, hungary, 2015. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a virus h5n8 was detected in far east asian countries during 2014 and emerged in late 2014 in european countries. hungary reported a hpai a(h5n8) outbreak during late winter of 2015 at a pekin duck fattening facility. epidemiologic monitoring was extended to holdings in neighboring areas and nearby habitats used by wild birds but failed to identify the source of infection. in addition to respiratory symptoms, the affected birds showed lethargy and neurona ... | 2016 | 27215706 |
| trim25 identification in the chinese goose: gene structure, tissue expression profiles, and antiviral immune responses in vivo and in vitro. | the retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) and the rig-i-like receptor (rlr) protein play a critical role in the interferon (ifn) response during rna virus infection. the tripartite motif containing 25 proteins (trim25) was reported to modify caspase activation and rig-i recruitment domains (cards) via ubiquitin. these modifications allow trim25 to interact with mitochondrial antiviral signaling molecules (mavs) and form card-card tetramers. goose trim25 was cloned from gosling lungs, which poss ... | 2016 | 27995135 |
| lessons from the largest epidemic of avian influenza viruses in taiwan, 2015. | the largest epidemic of avian influenza (ai) in history attacked poultry and wild birds throughout taiwan starting january 6, 2015. this study analyzed surveillance results, epidemiologic characteristics, and viral sequences by using government-released information, with the intention to provide recommendations to minimize future pandemic influenza. the h5 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic ai viruses (hpaivs) had not been detected in taiwan before 2015. during this epidemic, four types of etiologi ... | 2016 | 27309051 |
| the evaluation of domestic ducks as potential reservoir of avian influenza virus in post hpai h5n1 outbreak area, sunyani municipality, brong ahafo region of ghana. | avian influenza (ai) is an important zoonotic disease responsible for significant losses in most sub-saharan countries. however, the role of poultry other than chicken in the epidemiology of the disease, especially after the first ai outbreak in ghana, has not been fully elucidated. the obiective of this study is to determine whether the ai virus infection that was reported in the area in may 2007 was circulating silently in ducks in nine randomly selected farms in the sunyani municipality, ghan ... | 2016 | 28480449 |
| evaluation of the kinetics of anti-np and anti-ha antibody after infection of pekin ducks with low pathogenic avian influenza virus. | serological monitoring is a feature of surveillance programmes for the detection of the circulation of notifiable low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses in commercial poultry holdings. commercial multispecies nucleoprotein (np) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) have been replacing the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test as pre-screening tools. few comparative studies have been conducted to test sera from domestic ducks for diagnostic purposes. therefore, we evaluated the corr ... | 2016 | 29067179 |
| ventilation changes associated with hatching and maturation of an endothermic phenotype in the pekin duck, anas platyrhynchos domestica. | precocial birds begin embryonic life with an ectothermic metabolic phenotype and rapidly develop an endothermic phenotype after hatching. switching to a high-energy, endothermic phenotype requires high-functioning respiratory and cardiovascular systems to deliver sufficient environmental oxygen to the tissues. we measured tidal volume (vt), breathing frequency (ƒ), minute ventilation (v̇e), and whole-animal oxygen consumption (v̇o2) in response to gradual cooling from 37.5°c (externally pipped p ... | 2016 | 26818053 |
| isolation and detection of duck astrovirus cph: implications for epidemiology and pathogenicity. | the transmission routes of duck astrovirus cph (dastv/cph) and its pathogenicity in duck embryos were investigated. using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) developed in this study, dastv/cph was detected in 23/50 fresh droppings of breeder ducks, 39/65 breeding eggs, 26/31 dead embryos, and 6/10 newly hatched ducklings, which were taken from a pekin duck farm where dastv/cph had previously been identified. this finding, and the detection of dastv/cph in 36/130 dead-in-sh ... | 2016 | 26814629 |
| the parasites of the mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos) as an indicator of health status and quality of the environment | the mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos) is a host to internal and external parasites. a heavy parasite burden indicates poor immunological status and a pathogen-contaminated environment. the present study describes the macroscopic and microscopic examination of isolated intestines and gizzards of 130 mallard ducks from birds kept in the breeding farm. scrapings of intestinal mucosa were examined by flotation and with the sedimentation method. the results of the flotation method indicate the presen ... | 2016 | 28170210 |
| erratum to: meiotic recombination analysis in female ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | 2016 | 27630104 | |
| molecular cloning, characterisation and functional analysis of the duck forkhead box o3 (foxo3) gene. | 1. the forkhead box o3 (foxo3) transcription factor is a crucial regulator of cell fate that controls proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. however, the role of foxo3 regulation in duck myoblasts is not fully understood. 2. the aim of this study was to clone and determine the complete coding sequence (cds) of the duck foxo3 gene and to assess its function in myoblasts. 3. primers specific for the predicted duck foxo3 gene were designed using the public mallard duck reference sequence in ... | 2016 | 26751098 |
| prevalence of wenyonella philiplevinei infection in linwu ducks in linwu county, subtropical china. | wenyonella philiplevinei is one of the pathogens causing coccidiasis in ducks. the prevalence of w. philiplevinei infection in linwu ducks (a chinese local domesticated duck) was investigated in linwu county (an area of hunan province) of hunan province, subtropical china from march 2014 to february 2015. two hundred fifty-eight of 1800 (14.3 %) linwu ducks were found to be infected with w. philiplevinei. to identify the species identity of the collected samples, a portion of the 18s rdna was am ... | 2016 | 26712362 |
| experimental infection of highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses to chickens, ducks, tree sparrows, jungle crows, and black rats for the evaluation of their roles in virus transmission. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) have spread in both poultry and wild birds. determining transmission routes of these viruses during an outbreak is essential for the control of avian influenza. it has been widely postulated that migratory ducks play crucial roles in the widespread dissemination of hpaivs in poultry by carrying viruses along with their migrations; however close contacts between wild migratory ducks and poultry are less likely in modern industrial poultry farming ... | 2016 | 26711036 |
| spatial requirements of poultry assessed by using a colour-contrast method (kobaplan). | sufficient floor space is a fundamental precondition for poultry to perform normal behavioural patterns. to calculate and determine stocking densities, it is essential to know the absolute minimum surface area required by any given animal (body space). additional space is required for characteristic behaviours (behavioural space) and for adequate inter-individual distances, group sizes and room to perform social interactions have to be taken into account. to calculate body space, planimetric mea ... | 2016 | 26654762 |
| efficacy of dl-methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid in comparison to dl-methionine in growing male white pekin ducks. | the present study was performed to assess the bioefficacy of dl-methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid (mha) in comparison to dl-methionine (dlm) as sources of methionine for growing male white pekin ducks in the first 3 wk of life. for this aim, 580 1-day-old male ducks were allocated into 12 treatment groups and received a basal diet that contained 0.29% of methionine, 0.34% of cysteine and 0.63% of total sulphur containing amino acids or the same diet supplemented with either dlm or mha in amo ... | 2016 | 26706358 |
| meiotic recombination analysis in female ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | meiotic recombination in female ducks was directly studied by immunolocalization of mlh1 protein, a mismatch repair protein of mature recombination nodules. in total, 6820 crossovers were scored along the autosomal synaptonemal complexes in 122 meiotic nuclei. from this analysis we predict that the female map length of the duck is 2845 cm, with a genome wide recombination rate of 2 cm/mb. mlh1-focus mapping along the six largest bivalents shows regional variations of recombination frequencies th ... | 2016 | 27115519 |
| discovery, characterization, and functional study of a novel mef2d cag repeat in duck (anas platyrhynchos). | myocyte enhancer transcription factor 2d (mef2d) is an important transcription factor for promoting the growth and development of muscle. cag repeats have been found in the coding sequence (cds) of avian mef2d; however, their functions remain unknown and require further investigation. here, we examined the characteristics and functional role of mef2d cag repeat in duck. the full-length cds of duck mef2d was cloned for the first time, and a novel cag repeat was identified and located in exon 9. s ... | 2016 | 27064738 |
| distribution of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart), neuropeptide y (npy) and galanin (gal) in the pterygopalatine ganglion of the domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos f. domestica). | cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart), neuropeptide y (npy) and galanin (gal) act as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. their presence has been found in different taxonomic groups, in particular in mammals. however, only few investigators have studied these neuropeptides in the class aves (birds). the aim of the present study was to describe the distribution of cart, npy and gal in the pterygopalatine ganglion (ppg) of the dom ... | 2016 | 27044589 |
| characterization of the duck (anas platyrhynchos) rbm24 and rbm38 genes and their expression profiles in myoblast and skeletal muscle tissues. | rna-binding motif proteins 24 (rbm24) and 38 (rbm38) are known to regulate genes expression in a post-transcriptional way. however, it remains unclear about the similarities and differences between rbm24 and rbm38 in terms of their sequence characteristics and expression profiles during myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle development. in this study, we found that the coding domain sequences (cdss) of duck rbm24 and rbm38 consisted of 678 and 648 nucleotides, respectively. both of them c ... | 2016 | 27040525 |
| identification and comparative proteomic study of quail and duck egg white protein using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis. | a proteomic study of egg white proteins from 2 major poultry species, namely quail (coturnix coturnix) and duck (anas platyrhynchos), was performed with comparison to those of chicken (gallus gallus) through 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-de) analysis. by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms/ms), 29 protein spots representing 10 different kinds of proteins as well as 17 protein spots designating 9 proteins we ... | 2016 | 26957635 |
| antioxidant enzyme activity, iron content and lipid oxidation of raw and cooked meat of korean native chickens and other poultry. | this study was conducted to observe antioxidant enzyme activity, iron content and lipid oxidation of korean native chickens and other poultry. the breast and thigh meat of three korean native chicken breeds including woorimatdak, hyunin black and yeonsan ogye, and three commercial poultry breeds including the broiler, white leghorn and pekin duck (anasplatyrhyncos domesticus) were studied. the analyses of the antioxidant enzymes activity, iron content and lipid oxidation were performed in raw an ... | 2016 | 26954148 |
| effect of feed consumption levels on growth performance and carcass composition during the force-feeding period in foie gras production of male mule ducks. | in order to avoid excess feed consumption during the force-feeding period in foie gras production, a dose-response experiment with seven feed consumption levels (450, 540, 630, 720, 810, 900, 990 g/day per bird) was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed consumption levels on growth performance and carcass composition of male mule ducks from 91 to 102 days of age. one-day-old mule ducklings (sterile and artificial hybrid of male albatre muscovy duck and female pekin duck were fed a two-phase ... | 2016 | 26948181 |
| dietary threonine response of pekin ducks from hatch to 14 d of age based on performance, serology, and intestinal mucin secretion. | two experiments were conducted to determine the dietary threonine (thr) requirement of pekin ducks from hatch to 14 d of age. in experiment 1, practical corn-soybean meal diets were formulated to contain 0.78, 0.84, 0.90, 0.96, and 1.02% thr (0.74, 0.83, 0.88, 0.92, and 1.00% thr on an analyzed basis). in experiment 2, corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 11 crystalline amino acids were formulated to contain 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.00, and 1.10% thr (0.60, 0.75, 0.89, 0.95, 1.01, and 1.09 ... | 2016 | 26944967 |
| high prevalence and putative lineage maintenance of avian coronaviruses in scandinavian waterfowl. | coronaviruses (covs) are found in a wide variety of wild and domestic animals, and constitute a risk for zoonotic and emerging infectious disease. in poultry, the genetic diversity, evolution, distribution and taxonomy of some coronaviruses have been well described, but little is known about the features of covs in wild birds. in this study we screened 764 samples from 22 avian species of the orders anseriformes and charadriiformes in sweden collected in 2006/2007 for cov, with an overall cov pr ... | 2016 | 26938459 |
| emergence and development of h7n9 influenza viruses in china. | the occurrence of human infections with avian h7n9 viruses since 2013 demonstrates the continuing pandemic threat posed by the current influenza ecosystem in china. influenza surveillance and phylogenetic analyses showed that these viruses were generated by multiple interspecies transmissions and reassortments among the viruses resident in domestic ducks and the h9n2 viruses enzootic in chickens. a large population of domestic ducks hosting diverse influenza viruses provided the precondition for ... | 2016 | 26922715 |
| triple-yolked eggs in domestic ducks: a rare occurrence. | multiple-yolked avian eggs, and especially triple-yolked (ty) eggs, are rare. over two years, 48,224 duck eggs (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were individually candled and seven (0.0145%) ty eggs were identified in a commercial breeding and incubation environment. when compared with double-yolked eggs (salamon and kent,2016) their mean weight, length, width and shape index did not differ, but their dimensions were greater than for single-yolked duck eggs. yolk fertility in the ty eggs was low ( ... | 2016 | 26908889 |
| development of endothermy and concomitant increases in cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in the precocial pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos domestica). | attaining endothermic homeothermy occurs at different times post-hatching in birds and is associated with maturation of metabolic and aerobic capacity. simultaneous measurements at the organism, organ and cellular levels during the transition to endothermy reveal means by which this change in phenotype occurs. we examined development of endothermy in precocial pekin ducks ( italic! anas platyrhynchos domestica) by measuring whole-animal o2consumption ( italic! v̇o2 ) as animals cooled from 35 to ... | 2016 | 26896549 |
| biological characterization of metanephric mesenchymal stem cells from the beijing duck. | mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) possess self-proliferation and multi-directional differentiation abilities. previous studies on mscs have mostly focused on the bone marrow, lungs, pancreas and umbilical cord blood, with few studies on metanephric tissues in ducks. for the present study, the beijing duck was selected as an experimental animal. duck embryo metanephric mesenchymal stem cells (mmscs) were studied. mmsc isolation culture, analysis of biological characteristics, induced differentiation ... | 2016 | 26893628 |
| timing and location of reproduction in african waterfowl: an overview of >100 years of nest records. | the timing and location of reproduction are fundamental elements of reproductive success for all organisms. understanding why animals choose to reproduce at particular times and in particular places is also important for our understanding of other aspects of organismal ecology, such as their habitat requirements, movement strategies, and biogeography. although breeding patterns in waterfowl are relatively well documented, most studies are from northern temperate regions and the influences of loc ... | 2016 | 26865954 |
| developmental ossification sequences of the appendicular and axial skeleton in kuttanad duck embryos (anas platyrhynchos domesticus). | the processes of ossification sequences are poorly investigated for birds in general, even for domestic and experimental species and when it comes to the waterfowl it is almost negligible. such sequences constitute a rich source of data on character evolution, and may even provide phylogenetic information. a pre-hatch developmental study on ossification sequences of axial and appendicular skeletal system in kuttanad duck embryos was undertaken using 78 viable embryos. from day 3 to day 7 of incu ... | 2016 | 26862514 |
| global transcriptional expression in ovarian follicles from tsaiya ducks (anas platyrhynchos) with a high-fertilization rate. | novel candidates for biomarkers of a high-fertilization rate were identified here through global transcriptional profiling of ovarian follicles. some other differentially expressed candidate genes were first noted to influence animal reproduction in our previous cdna microarray analysis and are now recognized as markers for marker-assisted selection. in the present study, we compared gene expression in ovarian follicles from animals with high- and low-fertilization rates using an oligonucleotide ... | 2016 | 26861074 |
| light and electron microscopic study of mature spermatozoa from white pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos): an ultrastructural and molecular analysis. | the morphology, ultrastructure, and functions of mature avian spermatozoa have been of immense commercial and scientific interest for several reasons. this is mainly important in case of birds in poultry production, conservation, and in the use of sperm morphometry as phylogenetic evidence. avian spermatozoa share complex or no correlation of sperm morphometry with respect to testis and/or body size as described before. in this work, we have isolated mature spermatozoa from white pekin duck (ana ... | 2016 | 26824840 |
| tracheal collapse in a pekin duck ( anas platyrhynchos domestica). | a 5-year-old, 3.72-kg female pekin duck ( anas platyrhynchos domestica) was presented for acute respiratory distress, head shaking, and collapse. similar spontaneously resolving episodes had previously occurred. physical examination revealed severe inspiratory and expiratory dyspnea. due to poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. postmortem examination revealed severe tracheal collapse involving the proximal trachea. the tracheal lumen was reduced in size by 75%. histologic evaluation revealed o ... | 2016 | 28107070 |
| scanning electron microscopic study on the tongues of seven avian species. | the dorsal lingual surface of the grey crowned crane (balearica regulorum), american flamingo (phoenicopterus rubber), great egret (ardea alba), mallard (anas platyrhynchos), himalayan monal (lophophorus impejanus), black-necked stilt (himantopus mexicanus) and green macaw (ara militaris) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. in the grey crowned crane, the surface of the lingual apex was relatively rough. many openings of the lingual glands in both lateral regions of the lingual body we ... | 2016 | 27904021 |
| pathogeny of fatigued walking condition in pekin ducks. | fatigued walking condition (fwc) in ducks is an important welfare and processing issue during the loading/unloading to the processing plant that can be related to heart and bone development. an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of incubation conditions on duck embryo bone and heart development and their subsequent effects on ducks showing fwc at market age. four groups of 2500 pekin duck eggs were subjected to combinations of two incubation temperature profiles (elevated [e] and n ... | 2016 | 27902895 |
| global mapping of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 and h5nx clade 2.3.4.4 viruses with spatial cross-validation. | global disease suitability models are essential tools to inform surveillance systems and enable early detection. we present the first global suitability model of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 and demonstrate that reliable predictions can be obtained at global scale. best predictions are obtained using spatial predictor variables describing host distributions, rather than land use or eco-climatic spatial predictor variables, with a strong association with domestic duck and extensi ... | 2016 | 27885988 |
| mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and wastewater ponds, part i: mallard ducks overwintering at a northern wastewater treatment pond. | in northern urban areas, wastewater treatment ponds (wwtps) may provide a thermal refuge during winter (~10°c) that is used by normally migratory mallards (anas platyrhynchos). on the ponds, mallards may experience stress due to crowding, or through the ingestion of wwtp water, be exposed to a diverse array of synthetic chemicals, which may have adverse health effects. photographic sampling was used to assess mallard sex ratios and behavioural patterns throughout the late winter on wastewater po ... | 2016 | 27836493 |
| genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of south-east asian duck populations based on the mtdna d-loop sequences. | the maternally inherited mitochondrial dna (mtdna) d-loop region is widely used for exploring genetic relationships and for investigating the origin of various animal species. currently, domestic ducks play an important role in animal protein supply. in this study, partial mtdna d-loop sequences were obtained from 145 samples belonging to six south-east asian duck populations and commercial duck population. all these populations were closely related to the mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos), as i ... | 2016 | 27004808 |
| myostatin in black muscovy duck (cairina moschata): full-length cdna cloning and age-dependent mrna expression compared with igf-i. | insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) and myostatin (mstn) are a pair of critical positive and negative growth regulators. the aim of the current study was to examine the age-dependent and muscle-specific expression of igf-i and mstn mrnas in black muscovy ducks in order to understand their roles in regulating the postnatal muscle growth of domestic ducks. the full-length cdna of the black muscovy duck mstn gene was cloned and the age-dependent mrna expression profile was compared with that of th ... | 2016 | 27213714 |
| removal of a presumed peripheral cerebral cyst via craniectomy in a crested pekin duck ( anas platyrhynchos f dom). | a juvenile, male crested pekin duck ( anas platyrhynchos f dom) was presented for neurologic signs suggestive of cerebellar disease. physical examination revealed microphthalmia, erratic head movements, and ataxia. computed tomography scan of the head and neck regions revealed 2 full-thickness skull-bone defects within the caudal portion of the cranium. the cerebellum appeared to be ventrally compressed by a homogeneous, triangular, fluid-attenuating region (0-10 hounsfield units). a craniectomy ... | 2016 | 27736234 |
| nonylphenol reduces sperm viability and fertility of mature male breeders in brown tsaiya ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nonylphenol (np), a widely used surfactant, on the reproductive performance of male brown tsaiya ducks (anas platyrhynchos) (mbbtds). mature mbbtds (n=100) were treated with np by daily gavaging of 0, 1 (np1), 10 (np10) and 250 (np250) mg/kg-bw/d for 14 wk. semen quality, fertilization rate and specific factors in blood plasma were measured. weights of organs were also measured at 14 wk after np administration. ducks from each treatment (n=4 ... | 2016 | 27726904 |
| effects of betaine on biological functions in meat-type ducks exposed to heat stress. | heat stress in hot seasons is a major problem in poultry production, particularly in humid areas. the aim of this study was to determine the pharmacodynamics of betaine on the blood and cecal short chain fatty acid profile in meat-type ducks exposed to heat stress. three-hundred-sixty meat-type ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were randomly allocated into 4 treatments: c (heat stress control without betaine), t1 (700 ppm betaine), t2 (1,000 ppm betaine), and t3 (1,300 ppm betaine). each tre ... | 2016 | 27702920 |
| photocatalytic decomposition behavior and reaction pathways of organic compounds using cu nanoparticles synthesized via a green route. | the present article depicts a green, facile and environmentally friendly biosynthetic methodology for the fabrication of cu nanoparticles (cu nps) using an aqueous extract of anas platyrhynchos egg shells. this method is free from the use of any external reducing agents, stabilizing agents, solvents and templates. the cu nps were characterized by uv-vis, tem, saed, ftir, xrd and sem-edx. the synthesized cu nps were predominantly spherical in nature with an average size of 5-18 nm. the edx patter ... | 2016 | 27602562 |
| effect of embedded shot on trace element concentrations in livers of anseriformes species. | trace elements were analyzed in the liver of white-fronted geese (anser albifrons, n=15), mallards (anas platyrhynchos, n=4) and spot-billed ducks (anas poecilorhyncha, n=13) found dead in gimpo, korea. all mallards and eight spot-billed ducks had embedded lead shot. embedded shot could be affected elevated trace element concentrations on geese and ducks. element concentrations of cadmium (cd), lead (pb), chromium (cr), aluminum (al), copper (cr), manganese (mn) and zinc (zn) differed among spec ... | 2016 | 27584822 |
| body mass and immune function, but not bill coloration, predict dominance in female mallards. | competition over indivisible resources is common and often costly. therefore, selection should favor strategies, including efficient communication, that minimize unnecessary costs associated with such competition. for example, signaling enables competitors to avoid engaging in costly asymmetrical contests. recently, bill coloration has been identified as an information-rich signal used by some birds to mediate aggressive interactions and we evaluated this possibility in female mallards anas plat ... | 2016 | 27561967 |
| the evolution of innate immune genes: purifying and balancing selection on β-defensins in waterfowl. | in disease dynamics, high immune gene diversity can confer a selective advantage to hosts in the face of a rapidly evolving and diverse pathogen fauna. this is supported empirically for genes involved in pathogen recognition and signalling. in contrast, effector genes involved in pathogen clearance may be more constrained. β-defensins are innate immune effector genes; their main mode of action is via disruption of microbial membranes. here, five β-defensin genes were characterized in mallards (a ... | 2016 | 27524825 |
| genetic parameters of body weight, egg production, and shell quality traits in the shan ma laying duck (anas platyrhynchos). | three hundred and four female ducks of the chinese indigenous shan ma breed, progeny of 11 sires and 104 dams, were used to study laying traits. among them, 264 ducks were used to study the egg shell quality traits of eggs laid at 300 days of age. the mean age at first egg was 109 days with an average egg weight of 49.6 ± 3.7 g. between 210 and 300 days of age, egg weight increased from 65.0 ± 3.9 g to 67.0 ± 4.2 g and the mean of the number of eggs laid up to 300 days was 161 ± 15.0. egg length ... | 2016 | 27520070 |
| a generalizable energetics-based model of avian migration to facilitate continental-scale waterbird conservation. | conserving migratory birds is made especially difficult because of movement among spatially disparate locations across the annual cycle. in light of challenges presented by the scale and ecology of migratory birds, successful conservation requires integrating objectives, management, and monitoring across scales, from local management units to ecoregional and flyway administrative boundaries. we present an integrated approach using a spatially explicit energetic-based mechanistic bird migration m ... | 2016 | 27509754 |
| the minor mhc class i gene uda of ducks is regulated by let-7 microrna. | in many nonmammalian vertebrates, the genomic organization of the mhc class i region leads to biased expression of a single classical mhc class i gene coevolving with tap transporters, whereas class i genes are poorly expressed. this contrasts to the three codominantly expressed classical mhc class i genes in humans and mice. in a sequenced haplotype from white pekin duck, anas platyrhynchos, there is one predominantly expressed mhc class i, uaa, although they have five mhc class i genes in the ... | 2016 | 27430716 |
| evaluating pekin duck walking ability using a treadmill performance test. | gait scoring is the most popular method for assessing the walking ability of poultry species. although inexpensive and easy to implement, gait scoring systems are often criticized for being subjective. using a treadmill performance test we assessed whether observable differences in pekin duck walking ability identified using a gait scoring system translated to differences in walking performance. one hundred and eighty ducks were selected using a three-category gait scoring system (gs0 = smooth g ... | 2016 | 27418657 |
| gait in ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and chickens (gallus gallus) - similarities in adaptation to high growth rate. | genetic selection for increased growth rate and muscle mass in broiler chickens has been accompanied by mobility issues and poor gait. there are concerns that the pekin duck, which is on a similar selection trajectory (for production traits) to the broiler chicken, may encounter gait problems in the future. in order to understand how gait has been altered by selection, the walking ability of divergent lines of high- and low-growth chickens and ducks was objectively measured using a pressure plat ... | 2016 | 27387535 |
| extensive allelic diversity of mhc class i in wild mallard ducks. | mhc class i is critically involved in defense against viruses, and diversity from polygeny and polymorphism contributes to the breadth of the immune response and health of the population. in this article, we examine mhc class i diversity in wild mallard ducks, the natural host and reservoir of influenza a viruses. we previously showed domestic ducks predominantly use uaa, one of five mhc class i genes, but whether biased expression is also true for wild mallards is unknown. using rt-pcr from blo ... | 2016 | 27342841 |
| chicken cathelicidins as potent intrinsically disordered biocides with antimicrobial activity against infectious pathogens. | this study was performed to identify the expression patterns of the cathelicidin genes in a local chicken breed and to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the cathelicidin peptides against pathogenic bacteria. this analysis revealed that the coding regions of cath-1, -2, and -3 genes contain 447 bp, 465 bp, and 456 bp, respectively, and encode proteins of 148, 154, 151 amino acids, respectively. the complete amino acid sequences of the cathelicidin peptides are similar to those found in mel ... | 2016 | 27328070 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in adult and juvenile mallards (anas platyrhynchos) from the hudson river, new york, usa. | the hudson river, ny, usa is contaminated for over 300 km with polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) released from two general electric (ge) capacitor plants. we collected adult and juvenile mallards (anas platyrhynchos) from four different areas of the river; an area upstream of the ge plants (n = 38), two areas directly downstream of the ge plants (n = 41, n = 38), and an area more than 100 km downstream in the freshwater tidal river (n = 20). collections occurred during july and august (2008) when ... | 2016 | 27317495 |
| state-dependent resource harvesting with lagged information about system states. | markov decision processes (mdps), which involve a temporal sequence of actions conditioned on the state of the managed system, are increasingly being applied in natural resource management. this study focuses on the modification of a traditional mdp to account for those cases in which an action must be chosen after a significant time lag in observing system state, but just prior to a new observation. in order to calculate an optimal decision policy under these conditions, possible actions must b ... | 2016 | 27314852 |
| one decade of active avian influenza wild bird surveillance in belgium showed a higher viroprevalence in hunter-harvested than in live-ringed birds. | active monitoring of avian influenza (ai) viruses in wild birds was initiated in belgium in 2005 in response to the first highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 outbreaks occurring in europe. in belgium, active wild bird surveillance that targeted live-ringed and hunter-harvested wild birds was developed and maintained from 2005 onward. after one decade, this program assimilated, analyzed, and reported on over 35,000 swabs. the 2009-2014 datasets were used for the current analysis because ... | 2016 | 27309083 |
| assessment of the potential distance of dispersal of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus by wild mallards. | this work presents the results of studies aimed at assessing the median and maximum distances covered by wild mallards (anas platyrhynchos; n = 38), hypothetically infected with the high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (hpaiv) during spring migrations, using gps-gsm tracking and published data on the susceptibility to hpaiv infection and duration of shedding. the model was based on the assumptions that the birds shed virus in the absence of clinical signs during infectious periods (ip) that ... | 2016 | 27309073 |
| tracking mallards (anas platyrhynchos) with gps satellite transmitters along their migration route through northeast asia. | in this study, global positioning system satellite transmitters were attached to three mallards (anas platyrhynchos) wintering in south korea to track their migration routes, stopover sites, breeding sites, and migration patterns. we successfully tracked only one mallard (no. 108917) from november 15, 2011, to november 29, 2013, and determined separate migration routes in two cases of spring migration and one case of fall migration. the mallard repeatedly migrated to the same final destination, ... | 2016 | 27309072 |
| duck gut viral metagenome analysis captures snapshot of viral diversity. | ducks (anas platyrhynchos) an economically important waterfowl for meat, eggs and feathers; is also a natural reservoir for influenza a viruses. the emergence of novel viruses is attributed to the status of co-existence of multiple types and subtypes of viruses in the reservoir hosts. for effective prediction of future viral epidemic or pandemic an in-depth understanding of the virome status in the key reservoir species is highly essential. | 2016 | 27284287 |
| compensatory load redistribution in labrador retrievers when carrying different weights--a non-randomized prospective trial. | retrievers are dogs particularly bred to retrieve birds or other small game, for the retrieval, the dogs are typically sent to the place where the shot game has fallen or to search the field for the wounded but still live game in order to return them to the hunter as quickly as possible. examples of game animals are pheasants, mallard ducks and rabbits. for training, dummies with a variety of weights are used to simulate the retrieval of various types of game. the aim of this non-randomized pros ... | 2016 | 27268096 |
| survey on intestinal helminth fauna of woodcocks (scolopax rusticola) in italy. | every year populations of the european woodcock (scolopax rusticola) migrate from central and northern europe to the mediterranean basin. south of italy is one of the most common wintering site for this species. given that information on parasites of woodcocks is scarce, the present study aimed at identifying the parasitic species affecting woodcocks migrating in italy. the gastrointestinal tract of 206 woodcocks hunted in southern italy was removed and examined for parasites. from each animal a ... | 2016 | 27188826 |
| phylogenetic studies of two anas platyrhynchos (anatini: anatinae) in hunan province of china based on complete mitochondrial dna sequences. | in this study, we cloned and sequenced the complete mitochondrial dnas of chinese duck, anas platyrhynchos, population from two different areas of hunan province in china. the anas platyrhynchos breed linwu duck (lw) sample was taken from the linwu county of chenzhou city, and the anas platyrhynchos breed youxian duck (yx) sample was taken from the youxian county of zhuzhou city. the lengths of their complete mitochondrial genome were 16,604 bp (lw) and 16,606 bp (yx), respectively. the organiza ... | 2016 | 26057008 |
| levels of total mercury in tissues of mallard drakes from industrialized wetlands area. | the distribution of total mercury in the bodies of drake mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos) inhabiting an industrialized wetland area in southern poland was studied. the median hg concentration in tissue of various bones (0.017 µg/g w.w.) was statistically lower than the concentration found in muscle tissue (0.023 µg/g w.w.) and in internal organ tissue samples calculated across the whole range of organ types (0.036 µg/g w.w.). the median concentrations in muscle tissue and organ tissue were com ... | 2016 | 26408030 |
| hemodynamics of the pectinis oculi artery in american pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domestica). | to measure blood velocity parameters of the main detectable branch of the pectinis oculi artery and compare with values found in other arteries in other species to form a hypothesis of the function of the pecten oculi in birds. | 2016 | 26398920 |
| species of apatemon szidat, 1928 and australapatemon sudarikov, 1959 (trematoda: strigeidae) from new zealand: linking and characterising life cycle stages with morphology and molecules. | species of apatemon szidat, 1928 and australapatemon sudarikov, 1959 are reported from new zealand for the first time, and their life cycles are resolved using molecular sequence data (28s and its rdna regions and mitochondrial coi). the metacercaria of apatemon sp. 'jamiesoni' ex gobiomorphus cotidianus and its cercaria ex potamopyrgus antipodarum are described in detail. its adult, found in anas platyrhynchos and phalacrocorax punctatus, is identified by molecular sequence data. apatemon sp. ' ... | 2016 | 26385467 |
| identification of the long-sought leptin in chicken and duck: expression pattern of the highly gc-rich avian leptin fits an autocrine/paracrine rather than endocrine function. | more than 20 years after characterization of the key regulator of mammalian energy balance, leptin, we identified the leptin (lep) genes of chicken (gallus gallus) and duck (anas platyrhynchos). the extreme guanine-cytosine content (∼70%), the location in a genomic region with low-complexity repetitive and palindromic sequence elements, the relatively low sequence conservation, and low level of expression have hampered the identification of these genes until now. in vitro-expressed chicken and d ... | 2016 | 26587783 |
| yolk size and ovulation order determine fertility within double-yolked duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) eggs. | herein we examined the effects of yolk size and ovulation order on the fertilisation of yolks within double-yolked (dy) duck eggs. single-yolked (sy) duck eggs had high fertility (89.98%), whereas in dy duck eggs fertility was low (51.9% yolks). the yolks closer to the airspace (yolk 1) in dy eggs had higher fertility (68.82% vs 34.98% for yolk 2; p<0.001). when only one of the two yolks was fertilised, yolk 1 was fertilised in 99.12% of those eggs. yolk 1 is presumed to be the first ovulated. t ... | 2016 | 25109712 |
| effects of postmortem temperature on the physicochemical characteristics of prerigor pekin duck breast muscles. | the effects of postmortem (pm) temperature on prerigor pekin duck breast muscle quality were assessed. breast meat was obtained from 90 ducks within 15 min pm and then divided into 3 storage temperature groups at 0, 15, and 30°c for 24 h pm. results revealed that the meat stored at 0°c had a higher ph value than that stored at 30°c. the r-value tended to increase between 15 min, 2 h, and 24 h pm, whereas the water-holding capacity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing storage time. ... | 2016 | 26574035 |
| lead exposure reduces carotenoid-based coloration and constitutive immunity in wild mallards. | the ingestion of spent lead (pb) from ammunition is a known cause of mortality in waterfowl, but little is known about sublethal effects produced by pb poisoning on birds, especially in wild populations. the authors studied potential sublethal effects associated with pb exposure in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) from the ebro delta (northeastern spain) after a ban on pb ammunition. they analyzed the relationships between blood pb levels and oxidative stress, immune response, and carotenoid-based ... | 2016 | 26551027 |
| determination and analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequence of peking duck (anas platyrhychos). | the complete mitochondrial genome (mtdna) of peking duck (anas platyrhychos) was determined. the entire genome was 16,604 bp in length. similar to the typical mtdna of vertebrates, it contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes) and a non-coding region (d-loop). the characteristics of the mitochondrial genome was analyzed and discussed in detail. | 2016 | 24810072 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the jingxi duck (anas platyrhynchos). | the entire mitochondrial genome of jingxi duck from china was 16,603 bp in length, and has been analyzed for gene locations, length, start codons and stop codons. with the base composition of 29.20% for a, 22.19% for t, 32.82% for c, 15.79% for g, so the percentage of a and t (51.39%) was slightly higher than those of g and c. the jingxi duck mitochondrial genome contained two ribosomal rna genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes and one non-coding control region (d-loop region). t ... | 2016 | 24865900 |
| genetic characterization of the longsheng duck (anas platyrhynchos) based on the mitochondrial dna. | the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the longsheng duck was measured by pcr-based methods. our research findings revealed that the entire mitochondrial genome of the longsheng duck was 16,603 bp (genbank accession number: kj739616). the contents of a, t, c, and g in the mitochondrial genome were 29.22%, 22.21%, 32.79% and 15.77%, respectively, which were similar to the majority of most avian species. the complete mitochondrial genome of the longsheng duck contains 13 protein-coding gene ... | 2016 | 24989051 |
| sperm quality parameters and reproductive efficiency in muscovy duck (cairina moschata). | the in vitro sperm quality parameters (motility, m; viability, v; normal morphology, nm; plasma membrane integrity, pmi; mitochondrial function, mf) in muscovy drakes (cairina moschata) were evaluated by using microscopy and flow cytometry, the correlation among sperm quality parameters and results of artificial insemination was also assessed in present study. m, v and nm were detected by phase contrast microscopy assisted with eosinnigrosin staining, and pmi and mf were detected by using flow c ... | 2016 | 32908388 |