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wheat bhlh-type transcription factor gene tabhlh1 is crucial in mediating osmotic stresses tolerance through modulating largely the aba-associated pathway.wheat bhlh family gene tabhlh1 is responsive to drought and salt stresses, and it acts as one crucial regulator in mediating tolerance to aforementioned stresses largely through an aba-associated pathway. osmotic stresses are adverse factors for plant growth and crop productivity. in this study, we characterized tabhlh1, a gene encoding wheat bhlh-type transcription factor (tf) protein, in mediating plant adaptation to osmotic stresses. tabhlh1 protein contains a conserved basic-helix-loop-helix ...201627541276
molecular evolution of wcor15 gene enhanced our understanding of the origin of a, b and d genomes in triticum aestivum.the allohexaploid bread wheat originally derived from three closely related species with a, b and d genome. although numerous studies were performed to elucidate its origin and phylogeny, no consensus conclusion has reached. in this study, we cloned and sequenced the genes wcor15-2a, wcor15-2b and wcor15-2d in 23 diploid, 10 tetraploid and 106 hexaploid wheat varieties and analyzed their molecular evolution to reveal the origin of the a, b and d genome in triticum aestivum. comparative analyses ...201627526862
qtls associated with agronomic traits in the cutler × ac barrie spring wheat mapping population using single nucleotide polymorphic markers.we recently reported three earliness per se quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with flowering and maturity in a recombinant inbred lines (rils) population derived from a cross between the spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars 'cutler' and 'ac barrie' using 488 microsatellite and diversity arrays technology (dart) markers. here, we present qtls associated with flowering time, maturity, plant height, and grain yield using high density single nucleotide polymorphic (snp) markers in th ...201627513976
higher ammonium transamination capacity can alleviate glutamate inhibition on winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root growth under high ammonium stress.most of the studies about nh4+ stress mechanism simply address the effects of free nh4+, failing to recognize the changed nitrogen assimilation products. the objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of glutamate on root growth under high ammonium (nh4+) conditions in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). hydroponic experiments were conducted using two wheat cultivars, ak58 (nh4+-sensitive) and xumai25 (nh4+-tolerant) with either 5 mm nh4+ nitrogen (an) as stress treatment or 5 mm nitr ...201627512992
optical nano-mapping and analysis of plant genomes.application of optical mapping based on bionano genomics irys(®) technology ( http://www.bionanogenomics.com/ ) is growing rapidly since its debut in november 2012. the technology can be used to facilitate genome sequence assembly and analysis of genome structural variations. we describe here the detailed protocol that we used to generate a whole genome bionano map for aegilops tauschii, the d genome progenitor of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). we are using the whole genome bionano map to ...201627511170
manipulation of homologous and homoeologous chromosome recombination in wheat.given the sizes of the three genomes in wheat (a, b, and d) and a limited number of chiasmata formed in meiosis, recombination by crossing-over is a very rare event. it is also restricted to very similar homologues; the pairing homoeologous (ph) system of wheat prevents differentiated chromosomes from pairing and crossing-over. this chapter presents an overview and describes several systems by which the frequency or density of crossing-over can be increased, both in homologues and homoeologues. ...201627511168
structural features of reconstituted wheat wax films.cuticular waxes are essential for the well-being of all plants, from controlling the transport of water and nutrients across the plant surface to protecting them against external environmental attacks. despite their significance, our current understanding regarding the structure and function of the wax film is limited. in this work, we have formed representative reconstituted wax film models of controlled thicknesses that facilitated an ex vivo study of plant cuticular wax film properties by neu ...201627466439
identification of putative rubisco activase (tarca1)-the catalytic chaperone regulating carbon assimilatory pathway in wheat (triticum aestivum) under the heat stress.rubisco activase (rca) is a catalytic chaperone involved in modulating the activity of rubisco (key enzyme of photosynthetic pathway). here, we identified eight novel transcripts from wheat through data mining predicted to be rca and cloned a transcript of 1.4 kb from cv. hd2985, named as tarca1 (genbank acc. no. kc776912). single copy number of tarca1 was observed in wheat genome. expression analysis in diverse wheat genotypes (hd2985, halna, pbw621, and hd2329) showed very high relative expres ...201627462325
fast and efficient screening for wheat loss-of-gene mutants using multiplexed melt curve analyses.this study describes a new approach in the screening for loss-of-gene mutants in heavy ion bombardment (hib) mutant populations of genetically complex organisms such as hexaploid bread wheat using multiplexed single-color (sybr green) melt curve analyses. the assay was set up for three target genes to test its validity and applicability. for each gene, three genome-specific primer pairs (one for each genome) with distinct melt curves were developed and multiplexed. this allowed screening for "si ...201627459606
transferring desirable genes from agropyron cristatum 7p chromosome into common wheat.wheat-agropyron cristatum 7p disomic addition line ⅱ-5-1, derived from the distant hybridization between a. cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, pppp) and the common wheat cv. fukuhokomugi (fukuho), displays numerous desirable agronomic traits, including enhanced thousand-grain weight, smaller flag leaf, and enhanced tolerance to drought. in order to transfer these traits into common wheat, ⅱ-5-1 was induced by 60co-γ ray, leading to the creation of 18 translocation lines and three deletion lines. genomic i ...201627459347
genetic basis for variation in wheat grain yield in response to varying nitrogen application.nitrogen (n) is a major nutrient needed to attain optimal grain yield (gy) in all environments. nitrogen fertilisers represent a significant production cost, in both monetary and environmental terms. developing genotypes capable of taking up n early during development while limiting biomass production after establishment and showing high n-use efficiency (nue) would be economically beneficial. genetic variation in nue has been shown previously. here we describe the genetic characterisation of nu ...201627459317
systematic investigation of flowering locus t-like poaceae gene families identifies the short-day expressed flowering pathway gene, taft3 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).to date, a small number of major flowering time loci have been identified in the related triticeae crops, bread wheat (triticum aestivum), durum wheat (t. durum), and barley (hordeum vulgare). natural genetic variants at these loci result in major phenotypic changes which have adapted crops to the novel environments encountered during the spread of agriculture. the polyploid nature of bread and durum wheat means that major flowering time loci in which recessive alleles confer adaptive advantage ...201627458461
influence of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition at glu-a1 and glu-d1 loci on secondary and micro structures of gluten in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).as one of critical gluten proteins, high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) mainly affect the rheological behaviour of wheat dough. the influence of hmw-gs variations at the glu-a1 and glu-d1 loci on both secondary and micro structures of gluten and rheological properties of wheat dough was investigated in this study. results showed that the amide i bands of the three near-isogenic lines (nils) shifted slightly, but the secondary structures differed significantly. the micro structure of ...201627451241
new insights into wheat toxicity: breeding did not seem to contribute to a prevalence of potential celiac disease's immunostimulatory epitopes.gluten proteins, namely gliadins, are the primary trigger of the abnormal immune response in celiac disease. it has been hypothesised that modern wheat breeding practices may have contributed to the increase in celiac disease prevalence during the latter half of the 20th century. our results do not support this hypothesis as triticum aestivum spp. vulgare landraces, which were not subjected to breeding practices, presented higher amounts of potential celiac disease's immunostimulatory epitopes w ...201627451149
nitrogen nutrition improves the potential of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to alleviate the effects of drought stress during vegetative growth periods.efficient nitrogen (n) nutrition has the potential to alleviate drought stress in crops by maintaining metabolic activities even at low tissue water potential. this study was aimed to understand the potential of n to minimize the effects of drought stress applied/occur during tillering (feekes stage 2) and jointing (feekes stage 6) growth stages of wheat by observing the regulations and limitations of physiological activities, crop growth rate during drought periods as well as final grain yields ...201627446197
identification of key proteins and networks related to grain development in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by comparative transcription and proteomic analysis of allelic variants in tagw2-6a.in wheat, coding region allelic variants of tagw2-6a are closely associated with grain width and weight, but the genetic mechanisms involved remain unclear. thus, to obtain insights into the key functions regulated by tagw2-6a during wheat grain development, we performed transcriptional and proteomic analyses of tagw2-6a allelic variants. the transcription results showed that the tagw2-6a allelic variants differed significantly by several orders of magnitude. each allelic variant of tagw2-6a rea ...201627446152
ear rachis xylem occlusion and associated loss in hydraulic conductance coincide with the end of grain filling for wheat.seed dehydration is the normal terminal event in the development of orthodox seeds and is physiologically related to the cessation of grain dry mass accumulation and crop grain yield. for a better understanding of grain dehydration, we evaluated the hypothesis that hydraulic conductance of the ear decreases during the latter stages of development and that this decrease results from disruption or occlusion of xylem conduits. whole ear, rachis, and stem nodes hydraulic conductance and percentage l ...201627446150
a novel allele of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase is associated with enhanced drought tolerance through affecting stomatal aperture in common wheat.in higher plants, l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (gldh) plays important roles in ascorbic acid (asa) biosynthesis and assembly of respiration complex i. here we report three homoeologous genes (tagldh-a1, -b1 and -d1) encoding common wheat gldh isozymes and a unique allelic variant (tagldh-a1b) associated with enhanced drought tolerance. tagldh-a1, -b1 and -d1 were located on chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d, respectively, and their transcripts were found in multiple organs. the three homoeologs ...201627443220
genome wide single locus single trait, multi-locus and multi-trait association mapping for some important agronomic traits in common wheat (t. aestivum l.).genome wide association study (gwas) was conducted for 14 agronomic traits in wheat following widely used single locus single trait (slst) approach, and two recent approaches viz. multi locus mixed model (mlmm), and multi-trait mixed model (mtmm). association panel consisted of 230 diverse indian bread wheat cultivars (released during 1910-2006 for commercial cultivation in different agro-climatic regions in india). three years phenotypic data for 14 traits and genotyping data for 250 ssr marker ...201627441835
drought-up-regulated tanac69-1 is a transcriptional repressor of tashy2 and taiaa7, and enhances root length and biomass in wheat.a well-known physiological adaptation process of plants encountering drying soil is to achieve water balance by reducing shoot growth and maintaining or promoting root elongation, but little is known about the molecular basis of this process. this study investigated the role of a drought-up-regulated triticum aestivum nac69-1 (tanac69-1) in the modulation of root growth in wheat. tanac69-1 was predominantly expressed in wheat roots at the early vegetative stage. overexpression of tanac69-1 in wh ...201627440550
characterization of two hkt1;4 transporters from triticum monococcum to elucidate the determinants of the wheat salt tolerance nax1 qtl.tmhkt1;4-a1 and tmhkt1;4-a2 are two na+ transporter genes that have been identified as associated with the salt tolerance nax1 locus found in a durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum) line issued from a cross with t. monococcum. in the present study, we were interested in getting clues on the molecular mechanisms underpinning this salt tolerance quantitative trait locus (qtl). by analyzing the phylogenetic relationships between wheat and t. monococcum hkt1;4-type genes, we found that dur ...201627440547
erratum: detection of qtls for traits associated with pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).[this corrects the article on p. 260 in vol. 66, pmid: 27162497.].201627436958
application of a library of near isogenic lines to understand context dependent expression of qtl for grain yield and adaptive traits in bread wheat.previous quantitative trait loci (qtls) studies using the avalon × cadenza doubled haploid (dh) population identified eleven qtls determining plant height, heading date and grain yield. the objectives of this study were: (i) to provide insight into the effects of these qtls using reciprocal multiple near isogenic lines (nils) with each pair of alleles compared in both parental backgrounds (avalon or cadenza), (ii) quantifying epistasis by looking at the background effects and (iii) predict favou ...201627436187
elucidation of the genetic basis of variation for stem strength characteristics in bread wheat by associative transcriptomics.the current approach to reducing the tendency for wheat grown under high fertilizer conditions to collapse (lodge) under the weight of its grain is based on reducing stem height via the introduction of rht genes. however, these reduce the yield of straw (itself an important commodity) and introduce other undesirable characteristics. identification of alternative height-control loci is therefore of key interest. in addition, the improvement of stem mechanical strength provides a further way throu ...201627423334
identification of novel abiotic stress proteins in triticum aestivum through functional annotation of hypothetical proteins.cereal grain bread wheat (t. aestivum) is an important source of food and belongs to poaceae family. hypothetical proteins (hps), i.e., proteins with unknown functions, share a substantial portion of wheat proteomes and play important roles in growth and physiology of plant system. several functional annotations studies utilizing the protein sequences for characterization of role of individual protein in physiology of plant systems were being reported in recent past. in this study, an integrated ...201627421996
detection of protein and dna damage induced by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone in triticum aestivum l. using biomarker and comet assay.this study was designed to compare the genetic effects of elevated carbon dioxide (co2) and ozone (o3), alone or in combination, under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on proteins and dna of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), isozymes, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), and comet assays were used. sds-page analysis revealed distinctive polymorphisms (100%) based on the number of polypeptide bands (169) with molecular we ...201627420988
evaluation of dough rheological properties and bread texture of pearl millet-wheat flour mix.this study was undertaken with the objective of formulating composite bread using pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) and wheat (triticum aestivum) flours . rheological and bread making properties of composite flours were evaluated. mixolab results revealed torque increased and dough stability time decreased upon incorporation of pearl millet flour in wheat flour. the incorporation of millet flour at optimum level (5 %) led to an increase of the dough strength (w) and the elasticity-to-extensibili ...201627413235
identification of winter-responsive proteins in bread wheat using proteomics analysis and virus-induced gene silencing (vigs).proteomic approaches were applied to identify protein spots involved in cold responses in wheat. by comparing the differentially accumulated proteins from two cultivars (uc1110 and pi 610750) and their derivatives, as well as the f10 recombinant inbred line population differing in cold-tolerance, a total of 20 common protein spots representing 16 unique proteins were successfully identified using 2-de method. of these, 14 spots had significantly enhanced abundance in the cold-sensitive parental ...201627402868
canopy temperature and vegetation indices from high-throughput phenotyping improve accuracy of pedigree and genomic selection for grain yield in wheat.genomic selection can be applied prior to phenotyping, enabling shorter breeding cycles and greater rates of genetic gain relative to phenotypic selection. traits measured using high-throughput phenotyping based on proximal or remote sensing could be useful for improving pedigree and genomic prediction model accuracies for traits not yet possible to phenotype directly. we tested if using aerial measurements of canopy temperature, and green and red normalized difference vegetation index as second ...201627402362
intraspecific polymorphisms of cytogenetic markers mapped on chromosomes of triticum polonicum l.triticum genus encloses several tetraploid species that are used as genetic stocks for expanding the genetic variability of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). although the t. aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) and t. durum (2n = 4x = 28, aabb) karyotypes were well examined by chromosome staining, giemsa c-banding and fish markers, other tetraploids are still poorly characterized. here, we established and compared the fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) patterns on chromosomes of 20 accessions of t ...201627391447
predicting hybrid performances for quality traits through genomic-assisted approaches in central european wheat.bread-making quality traits are central targets for wheat breeding. the objectives of our study were to (1) examine the presence of major effect qtls for quality traits in a central european elite wheat population, (2) explore the optimal strategy for predicting the hybrid performance for wheat quality traits, and (3) investigate the effects of marker density and the composition and size of the training population on the accuracy of prediction of hybrid performance. in total 135 inbred lines of ...201627383841
decomposition dynamics and changes in chemical composition of wheat straw residue under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.soil aeration is a crucial factor that regulates crop residue decomposition, and the chemical composition of decomposing crop residues may change the forms and availability of soil nutrients, such as n and p. however, to date, differences in the chemical composition of crop straw residues after incorporation into soil and during its decomposition under anaerobic vs. aerobic conditions have not been well documented. the objective of the present study was to assess changes in the c-containing func ...201627380023
genetic association of stomatal traits and yield in wheat grown in low rainfall environments.in wheat, grain filling is closely related to flag leaf characteristics and function. stomata are specialized leaf epidermal cells which regulate photosynthetic co2 uptake and water loss by transpiration. understanding the mechanisms controlling stomatal size, and their opening under drought, is critical to reduce plant water loss and maintain a high photosynthetic rate which ultimately leads to elevated yield. we applied a leaf imprinting method for rapid and non-destructive phenotyping to expl ...201627378125
haplotypes of the tags5-a1 gene are associated with thousand-kernel weight in chinese bread wheat.in previous work, we cloned tags5 gene and found the association of tags5-a1 alleles with agronomic traits. in this study, the promoter sequence of the tags5-a1 gene was isolated from bread wheat. sequencing results revealed that a g insertion was found in position -1925 bp of the tags5-a1 gene (reference to atg), which occurred in the sp1 domain of the promoter sequence. combined with previous single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in the tags5-a1 exon sequence, four genotypes were formed at the ...201627375643
the potential of hyperspectral patterns of winter wheat to detect changes in soil microbial community composition.reliable information on soil status and crop health is crucial for detecting and mitigating disasters like pollution or minimizing impact from soil-borne diseases. while infestation with an aggressive soil pathogen can be detected via reflected light spectra, it is unknown to what extent hyperspectral reflectance could be used to detect overall changes in soil biodiversity. we tested the hypotheses that spectra can be used to (1) separate plants growing with microbial communities from different ...201627375633
molecular characterization of the ige-binding epitopes in the fast ω-gliadins of triticeae in relation to wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis.fast ω-gliadins were minor components of wheat storage proteins but a major antigen triggering allergy to wheat. sixty-six novel full-length fast ω-gliadin genes with unique characteristics were cloned and sequenced from wheat and its relative species using a pcr-based strategy. their coding regions ranged from 177bp to 987bp in length and encoded 4.28kda to 37.56kda proteins. on the base of first three deduced amino acids at the n-terminal, these genes could be classified into the six subclasse ...201627374148
comprehensive characterization of c-glycosyl flavones in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ using uplc-pda-esi/hrmsn and mass defect filtering.a comprehensive characterization of c-glycosyl flavones in wheat germ has been conducted using multi-stage high resolution mass spectrometry (hrmsn ) in combination with a mass defect filtering (mdf) technique. mdf performed the initial search of raw data with defined c-glycosyl flavone mass windows and mass defect windows to generate the noise-reduced data focusing on targeted flavonoids. the high specificity of the exact mass measurement permits the unambiguous discrimination of acyl groups (n ...201627373213
field scale interaction and nutrient exchange between surface water and shallow groundwater in the baiyang lake region, north china plain.fertilizer input for agricultural food production, as well as the discharge of domestic and industrial water pollutants, increases pressures on locally scarce and vulnerable water resources in the north china plain. in order to: (a) understand pollutant exchange between surface water and groundwater, (b) quantify nutrient loadings, and (c) identify major nutrient removal pathways by using qualitative and quantitative methods, including the geochemical model phreeqc) a one-year study at a wheat ( ...201627372119
influence of speed and rainfall on large-scale wheat lodging from 2007 to 2014 in china.strong wind and heavy rain remain the two most important causes of large acreage wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lodging in china. for research the influence of wind speed and rainfall-separately as well as together-on the extent and degree of lodging, five levels of the severity of lodging were defined based on a combination of the lodging area and the degree of tilting. detailed meteorological information was studied on 52 instances of large-scale lodging that occurred from 2007 to 2014. the resu ...201627367926
stable isotope-assisted evaluation of different extraction solvents for untargeted metabolomics of plants.the evaluation of extraction protocols for untargeted metabolomics approaches is still difficult. we have applied a novel stable isotope-assisted workflow for untargeted lc-hrms-based plant metabolomics , which allows for the first time every detected feature to be considered for method evaluation. the efficiency and complementarity of commonly used extraction solvents, namely 1 + 3 (v/v) mixtures of water and selected organic solvents (methanol, acetonitrile or methanol/acetonitrile 1 + 1 (v/v) ...201627367667
back to the future - tapping into ancient grains for food diversity.einkorn, emmer, and spelt are old wheat species that have fed the world for centuries before they have nearly completely been replaced by modern bread wheat. nowadays, the diversity of these old species lies frozen in gene banks and rare attempts aim to exploit them as a source for genetic diversity in modern wheat breeding. here, we want to raise a debate on a more holistic exploitation of ancient species via their direct introduction to the consumer market as high quality products. although ex ...201627364231
cultivar mixture cropping increased water use efficiency in winter wheat under limited irrigation conditions.the effects of cultivar mixture cropping on yield, biomass, and water use efficiency (wue) in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated under non-irrigation (w0, no irrigation during growth stage), one time irrigation (w1, irrigation applied at stem elongation) and two times irrigation (w2, irrigation applied at stem elongation and anthesis) conditions. nearly 90% of cultivar mixture cropping treatments experienced an increase in grain yield as compared with the mean of the pure stan ...201627362563
genetic dissection of flag leaf morphology in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under diverse water regimes.morphological traits related to flag leaves are determinant traits influencing plant architecture and yield potential in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). however, little is known regarding their genetic controls under drought stress. one hundred and twenty f8-derived recombinant inbred lines from a cross between two common wheat cultivars longjian 19 and q9086 were developed to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) and to dissect the genetic bases underlying flag leaf width, length, area, length ...201627352616
qtl characterization of fusarium head blight resistance in cimmyt bread wheat line soru#1.fusarium head blight (fhb) resistant line soru#1 was hybridized with the german cultivar naxos to generate 131 recombinant inbred lines for qtl mapping. the population was phenotyped for fhb and associated traits in spray inoculated experiments in el batán (mexico), spawn inoculated experiments in ås (norway) and point inoculated experiments in nanjing (china), with two field trials at each location. genotyping was performed with the illumina iselect 90k snp wheat chip, along with a few ssr and ...201627351632
molecular genetic analysis of grain protein content and flour whiteness degree using rils in common wheat.grain protein content (gpc) and flour whiteness degree (fwd) are important qualitative traits in common wheat. quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping for gpc and fwd was conducted using a set of 131 recombinant-inbred lines derived from the cross 'chuan 35050 × shannong 483' in six environmental conditions. a total of 22 putative qtls (nine gpc and 13 fwd) were identified on 12 chromosomes with individual qtl explaining 4.5-34.0% phenotypic variation. nine qtls (40.9%) were detected in two or mo ...201627350675
identification and characterization of silicon efflux transporters in horsetail (equisetum arvense).silicon (si) is a beneficial element to plants, and its absorption via transporters leads to protective effects against biotic and abiotic stresses. in higher plants, two groups of root transporters for si have been identified: influx transporters (lsi1) and efflux transporters (lsi2). lsi1 transporters belong to the nipiii aquaporins, and functional lsi1s have been found in many plants species. much less is known about lsi2s that have been characterized in only a few species. horsetail (equiset ...201627344403
toxic effects of graphene on the growth and nutritional levels of wheat (triticum aestivum l.): short- and long-term exposure studies.increased use of graphene materials might lead to their release into the environment. however, only a few studies have investigated the impact of graphene-based materials on green plants. in the present study, effects of graphene on plant roots and shoots after 48h or 30days of hydroponic culture were evaluated to determine its phytotoxicity. results showed that although exposure to graphene (250, 500, 1000 and 1500mgl(-1)) significantly improved root elongation, root hair production was impaire ...201627343870
cerealsdb 3.0: expansion of resources and data integration.the increase in human populations around the world has put pressure on resources, and as a consequence food security has become an important challenge for the 21st century. wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crops in human and livestock diets, and the development of wheat varieties that produce higher yields, combined with increased resistance to pests and resilience to changes in climate, has meant that wheat breeding has become an important focus of scientific research. in ...201627342803
silencing of abcc13 transporter in wheat reveals its involvement in grain development, phytic acid accumulation and lateral root formation.low phytic acid is a trait desired in cereal crops and can be achieved by manipulating the genes involved either in its biosynthesis or its transport in the vacuoles. previously, we have demonstrated that the wheat taabcc13 protein is a functional transporter, primarily involved in heavy metal tolerance, and a probable candidate gene to achieve low phytate wheat. in the current study, rna silencing was used to knockdown the expression of taabcc13 in order to evaluate its functional importance in ...201627342224
evolution and distribution of hydrolytic enzyme activities during preharvest sprouting of wheat (triticum aestivum) in the field.to date, research on preharvest sprouted (phs) wheat has mostly been conducted on kernels germinated under laboratory conditions, which differ widely from conditions in the field. to obtain detailed knowledge of the evolution of hydrolytic enzyme activities in phs wheat (triticum aestivum), a broad collection of samples from three varieties was obtained by harvesting before, at, and after maturity. delaying harvest time coupled with periods of heavy rainfall caused sprouting in the kernels, obse ...201627341479
toxic effect of perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) on germination and seedling growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).as a persistent organic pollutant in the environment, perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) has been extensively investigated. it can accumulate in food chains and in the human body. this work investigated the effect of pfoa on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germination and seedling growth by conducting a germination trial and a pot trial. a stimulatory effect of pfoa on seedling growth and root length of wheat was found at <0.2 mg kg(-1), while >800 mg kg(-1) pfoa inhibited germination rate, index, and r ...201627337433
genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by different levels of rye genome integration in wheat recipient.the narrow genetic variation present in common wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties has greatly restricted the improvement of crop yield in modern breeding systems. alien addition lines have proven to be an effective means to broaden the genetic diversity of common wheat. wheat-rye addition lines, which are the direct bridge materials for wheat improvement, have been wildly used to produce new wheat cultivars carrying alien rye germplasm. in this study, we investigated the genetic and epigenetic ...201627323191
corrigendum morphological and sequence-related amplified polymorphism-based molecular diversity of local and exotic wheat genotypes - genet. mol. res. 15 (2): gmr.15027484.the correction is only in the name of the species studied and should be triticum aestivum, instead of triticum sativum.201627323047
gibberellins regulate the stem elongation rate without affecting the mature plant height of a quick development mutant of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).gibberellin (ga) is essential for determining plant height. alteration of ga content or ga signaling results in a dwarf or slender phenotype. here, we characterized a novel wheat mutant, quick development (qd), in which ga regulates stem elongation but does not affect mature plant height. qd and wild-type plants did not exhibit phenotypic differences at the seedling stage. from jointing to heading stage, qd plants were taller than wild-type plants due to elongated cells. however, wild-type and q ...201627317908
functional studies of heading date-related gene taprr73, a paralog of ppd1 in common wheat.photoperiod response-related genes play a crucial role in duration of the plant growth. in this study, we focused on taprr73, a paralog of "green revolution" gene ppd1 (taprr37). we found that overexpression of the truncated taprr73 form lacking part of the n-terminal pr domain in transgenic rice promoted heading under long day conditions. association analysis in common wheat verified that taprr73 was an important agronomic photoperiod response gene that significantly affected heading date and p ...201627313595
genomic prediction models for grain yield of spring bread wheat in diverse agro-ecological zones.genomic and pedigree predictions for grain yield and agronomic traits were carried out using high density molecular data on a set of 803 spring wheat lines that were evaluated in 5 sites characterized by several environmental co-variables. seven statistical models were tested using two random cross-validations schemes. two other prediction problems were studied, namely predicting the lines' performance at one site with another (pairwise-site) and at untested sites (leave-one-site-out). grain yie ...201627311707
development and validation of kasp assays for genes underpinning key economic traits in bread wheat.we developed and validated a robust marker toolkit for high-throughput and cost-effective screening of a large number of functional genes in wheat. functional markers (fms) are the most valuable markers for crop breeding programs, and high-throughput genotyping for fms could provide an excellent opportunity to effectively practice marker-assisted selection while breeding cultivars. here we developed and validated kompetitive allele-specific pcr (kasp) assays for genes that underpin economically ...201627306516
diversification of the homoeologous lr34 sequences in polyploid wheat species and their diploid progenitors.allopolyploidization induces a multiple processes of genomic reorganization, including the structurally functional diversification of the homoeologous genes. an example of such diversification is the appearance of the lr34 gene on chromosome 7d of bread wheat t. aestivum (bad), the gene conferring durable, race non-specific protection against three fungal pathogens. in this study, we focused on the variability of a functionally critical region between exons 10-12 of lr34 among diploid progenitor ...201627300207
effect of recurrent selection on drought tolerance and related morpho-physiological traits in bread wheat.drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting wheat yield. a recurrent selection program was conducted to improve the drought tolerance and yield of bread wheat using drought tolerant advanced breeding lines from a drought tolerant x susceptible cross (hi 1500 x huw 510). the parental lines were evaluated for yield, biomass and harvest index (hi) in addition to the drought adaptive traits like canopy temperature (ct), chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetative index (ndvi) ...201627300000
transcriptome profiling of the salt-stress response in triticum aestivum cv. kharchia local.kharchia local wheat variety is an indian salt tolerant land race known for its tolerance to salinity. however, there is a lack of detailed information regarding molecular mechanism imparting tolerance to high salinity in this bread wheat. in the present study, differential root transcriptome analysis identifying salt stress responsive gene networks and functional annotation under salt stress in kharchia local was performed. a total of 453,882 reads were obtained after quality filtering, using r ...201627293111
the homologous identification of the stem rust resistance genes rdg5, adf3 and rga1 in the relatives of barley.the barley genes rpg5, rga1 and adf3, which provide a strong resistance to many pathotypes of stem rust, were cloned a few years ago, but it was still unclear whether their homologues were represented in wheat and in related species. the paper describes the results of a bioinformatic research to determine the homologues of rpg5, rga1 and adf3 in the genomes of triticum aestivum and several wild grasses, which breeders usually use as sources of stem rust resistance, and which are available in the ...201627281921
identification of qtls on chromosome 1b for grain quality traits in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the present study was designed considering the importance of grain quality traits, genetic diversity and marker-trait association analysis in wheat. a significant amount of genetic diversity was found for various seed traits though the genotypes included in the study were found structured. the extent of polymorphism was high with a range of 2-13 alleles and average of 6.5 alleles per locus. population structure was detected with 30 unlinked ssrs that divided the population of 92 genotypes in thr ...201627281920
molecular and morpho-agronomical characterization of root architecture at seedling and reproductive stages for drought tolerance in wheat.water availability is a major limiting factor for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production in rain-fed agricultural systems worldwide. root architecture is important for water and nutrition acquisition for all crops, including wheat. a set of 158 diverse wheat genotypes of australian (72) and indian (86) origin were studied for morpho-agronomical traits in field under irrigated and drought stress conditions during 2010-11 and 2011-12.out of these 31 indian wheat genotypes comprising 28 hexaploid ...201627280445
genotypic variation in spike fertility traits and ovary size as determinants of floret and grain survival rate in wheat.spike fertility traits are critical attributes for grain yield in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). here, we examine the genotypic variation in three important traits: maximum number of floret primordia, number of fertile florets, and number of grains. we determine their relationship in determining spike fertility in 30 genotypes grown under two contrasting conditions: field and greenhouse. the maximum number of floret primordia per spikelet (mfs), fertile florets per spikelet (ffs), and number of g ...201627279276
low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene glu-b3h confers superior dough strength and breadmaking quality in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).low molecular weight glutenin subunit is one of the important quality elements in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). although considerable allelic variation has been identified, the functional properties of individual alleles at glu-3 loci are less studied. in this work, we performed the first comprehensive study on the molecular characteristics and functional properties of the glu-b3h gene using the wheat cultivar cb037b and its glu-b3 deletion line cb037c. the results showed that the glu-b3h deleti ...201627273251
efficient decolorization and detoxification of textile industry effluent by salvinia molesta in lagoon treatment.salvinia molesta, an aquatic fern was observed to have a potential of degrading azo dye rubine gfl up to 97% at a concentration of 100mg/l within 72h using 60±2g of root biomass. both root as well as stem tissues showed induction in activities of the enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, laccase, tyrosinase, catalase, dcip reductase and superoxide dismutase during decolorization of rubine gfl. ftir, gc-ms, hplc and uv-visible spectrophotometric analysis confirmed phytotran ...201627268973
[pleiotropic effects of gibberellin-sensitive and gibberellin-insensitive dwarfing genes in common wheat of the southern step region of black sea].investigations of the pleiotropic effects of ga-sensitive (rht8) and ga-insensitive (rht-b1, rht-d1) dwarfing genes and a gene that determines the response of plants to photoperiod--ppd-d1 were carried out for three years in the southern step region of black sea bank on five different genetic backgrounds. it is shown that in addition to direct effects on plant height ga-sensitive and ga-insensitive dwarfing genes have pleiotropic effects on all studied traits except the number of fertile spikele ...201627266182
composition of cuticular waxes coating flag leaf blades and peduncles of triticum aestivum cv. bethlehem.the work herein presents comprehensive analyses of the cuticular wax mixtures covering the flag leaf blade and peduncle of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) cv. bethlehem. overall, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection revealed a wax coverage of flag leaf blades (16 μg/cm(2)) a third that of peduncles (49 μg/cm(2)). flag leaf blade wax was dominated by 1-alkanols, while peduncle wax contained primarily β-diketone and hydroxy-β-diketones, thus suggesting differential r ...201627264640
resistance of wheat accessions to the english grain aphid sitobion avenae.the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae, is a major pest species of wheat crops; however, certain varieties may have stronger resistance to infestation than others. here, we investigated 3 classical resistance mechanisms (antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance) by 14 wheat varieties/lines to s. avenae under laboratory and field conditions. under laboratory conditions, alatae given the choice between 2 wheat varieties, strongly discriminated against certain varieties. specifically, the 'amigo' v ...201627249206
an intercalary translocation from agropyron cristatum 6p chromosome into common wheat confers enhanced kernel number per spike.this study explored 6p chromosomal translocations in wheat, and determined the effects of 6p intercalary chromosome segments on kernel number per wheat spike. exploiting and utilising gene(s) from wild relative species has become an essential strategy for wheat crop improvement. in the translocation line pubing2978, the intercalary 6p chromosome segment from agropyron cristatum (l.) gaertn. (2n = 4x = 28, pppp) carried valuable multi-kernel gene(s) and was selected from the offspring of the comm ...201627246315
flour quality and related molecular characterization of high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes from wild emmer wheat accession td-256.to clarify the effect of high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) from wild emmer wheat on flour quality, which has the same mobility as that from common wheat, the composition and molecular characterization of hmw-gs from wild emmer wheat accession td-256, as well as its flour quality, were intensively analyzed. it is found that the mobilities of glu-a1 and glu-b1 subunits from td-256 are consistent with those of bread wheat cv. 'xiaoyan 6'. nevertheless, dough rheological properties of ...201627243935
nighttime evaporative demand induces plasticity in leaf and root hydraulic traits.increasing evidence suggests that nocturnal transpiration rate (trn ) is a non-negligible contributor to global water cycles. short-term variation in nocturnal vapor pressure deficit (vpdn ) has been suggested to be a key environmental variable influencing trn . however, the long-term effects of vpdn on plant growth and development remain unknown, despite recent evidence documenting long-term effects of daytime vpd on plant anatomy, growth and productivity. here we hypothesized that plant anatom ...201627235372
rapid evolutionary dynamics in a 2.8-mb chromosomal region containing multiple prolamin and resistance gene families in aegilops tauschii.prolamin and resistance gene families are important in wheat food use and in defense against pathogen attacks, respectively. to better understand the evolution of these multi-gene families, the dna sequence of a 2.8-mb genomic region, representing an 8.8 cm genetic interval and harboring multiple prolamin and resistance-like gene families, was analyzed in the diploid grass aegilops tauschii, the d-genome donor of bread wheat. comparison with orthologous regions from rice, brachypodium, and sorgh ...201627228577
soil water balance and water use efficiency of dryland wheat in different precipitation years in response to green manure approach.winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) monoculture is conventionally cultivated followed by two to three months of summer fallow in the loess plateau. to develop a sustainable cropping system, we conducted a six-year field experiment to investigate the effect of leguminous green manure (lgm) instead of bare fallow on the yield and water use efficiency (wue) of winter wheat and the soil water balance (swb) in different precipitation years in a semi-arid region of northwest china. results confirmed t ...201627225842
a metabolic gene cluster in the wheat w1 and the barley cer-cqu loci determines β-diketone biosynthesis and glaucousness.the glaucous appearance of wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) plants, that is the light bluish-gray look of flag leaf, stem, and spike surfaces, results from deposition of cuticular β-diketone wax on their surfaces; this phenotype is associated with high yield, especially under drought conditions. despite extensive genetic and biochemical characterization, the molecular genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of β-diketones remains unclear. here, we discovered that the whea ...201627225753
genetic control of protein content and sedimentation volume in european winter wheat cultivars.breeding of bread wheat in the last decades has maintained a high baking quality despite the intensive selection for grain yield. the quality trait sedimentation volume but not protein content is mainly controlled by the glu - a1, glu - b1, glu - d1, gli - b1 , and pinb - d1 loci which are differentially used in varieties from different european origins. protein content and sedimentation volume are two important quality traits in wheat breeding. in this study, we used a panel of 407 european win ...201627225454
[genealogical analysis of the use of two wheatgrass (agropyron) species in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding for disease resistance].during the last 80 years, in order to increase the genetic variability of wheat, translocations containing nine elongated wheatgrass (agropyron elongatum) and eight intermediate wheatgrass (agropyron intermedium) genes, which control resistance to pathogens, were transferred to this crop culture. genealogical and statistical analysis of 1500 varieties developed using the wheatgrass gave evidence of the continuing increase in the proportion of such varieties in the total number of wheat varieties ...201627215032
[prevalence of vrn1 locus alleles among spring common wheat cultivars cultivated in western siberia].with the use of allele-specific primers developed for the vrn1 loci, the allelic diversity of the vrn-a1, vrn-b1, and vrn-d1 genes was studied in 148 spring common wheat cultivars cultivated under the conditions of western siberia. it was demonstrated that modern western siberian cultivars have the vrn-a1a allele, which is widely distributed in the world (alone or in combination with the vrn-b1a and vrn-b1c alleles). it was established that the main contribution in acceleration of the.seedling-h ...201627215031
dissecting mirnas in wheat d genome progenitor, aegilops tauschii.as the post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, micrornas or mirnas comprise an integral part of understanding how genomes function. although mirnas have been a major focus of recent efforts, mirna research is still in its infancy in most plant species. aegilops tauschii, the d genome progenitor of bread wheat, is a wild diploid grass exhibiting remarkable population diversity. due to the direct ancestry and the diverse gene pool, a. tauschii is a promising source for bread wheat impr ...201627200073
genome-wide association mapping of anther extrusion in hexaploid spring wheat.in a number of crop species hybrids are able to outperform line varieties. the anthers of the autogamous bread wheat plant are normally extruded post anthesis, a trait which is unfavourable for the production of f1 hybrid grain. higher anther extrusion (ae) promotes cross fertilization for more efficient hybrid seed production. therefore, this study aimed at the genetic dissection of ae by genome wide association studies (gwas) and determination of the main effect qtl. we applied gwas approach t ...201627191600
aluminum resistance in wheat involves maintenance of leaf ca(2+) and mg(2+) content, decreased lipid peroxidation and al accumulation, and low photosystem ii excitation pressure.the phytotoxic aluminum species (al(3+)) is considered as the primary factor limiting crop productivity in over 40 % of world's arable land that is acidic. we evaluated the responses of two wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.) with differential al resistance, cv. yecora e (al-resistant) and cv. dio (al-sensitive), exposed to 0, 37, 74 and 148 μm al for 14 days in hydroponic culture at ph 4.5. with increasing al concentration, leaf ca(2+) and mg(2+) content decreased, as well as the effective q ...201627188757
nested association mapping of stem rust resistance in wheat using genotyping by sequencing.we combined the recently developed genotyping by sequencing (gbs) method with joint mapping (also known as nested association mapping) to dissect and understand the genetic architecture controlling stem rust resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum). ten stem rust resistant wheat varieties were crossed to the susceptible line lmpg-6 to generate f6 recombinant inbred lines. the recombinant inbred line populations were phenotyped in kenya, south africa, and st. paul, minnesota, usa. by joint mapping ...201627186883
influence of salinity and temperature on uptake of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) by hydroponically grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.).perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) have recently attracted increasing concerns due to their ubiquitous existence, adverse effects and persistence in environment. this study employed four perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) to examine effects of salinity and temperature on the pfas uptake in wheat, one of the major crops in the north china plain. wheat plants were grown in the spiked-pfca hydroponic culture system at different salinities and temperatures. as expected, salinity and temperature ...201627186505
[the inheritance of endosperm storage proteins by the line of the saratovskaya 29 cultivar of common wheat from its parental forms].we ran a comparative analysis of storage proteins (gliadins, high- (hmw) and low-molecular-weight (lmw) glutenins, puroindolines, and exogenous α-amylase pest inhibitors) in the saratovskaya 29 cultivar line from the collection of a genetic engineering laboratory, its parental forms (albidum 24 and lyutescens 55/11), and distant ancestors (poltavka, selivanovskiy rusak, sarroza, and tetraploid beloturka). it was confirmed that the allelic states of storage proteins in the gli-1, gli-2 and glu-1 ...201627183793
morphological and sequence-related amplified polymorphism-based molecular diversity of local and exotic wheat genotypes.assessing genetic diversity is a prerequisite for the genetic improvement of wheat. molecular markers offer accurate and reproducible means for assessing genetic diversity. field performance and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap)-based assessment of molecular diversity was carried out on a set of 10 local and introduced bread wheat (triticum sativum l.) genotypes grown in the middle arid region of saudi arabia. the results revealed highly significant differences among the studied phe ...201627173279
plant density effect on grain number and weight of two winter wheat cultivars at different spikelet and grain positions.in winter wheat, grain development is asynchronous. the grain number and grain weight vary significantly at different spikelet and grain positions among wheat cultivars grown at different plant densities. in this study, two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, 'wennong6' and 'jimai20', were grown under four different plant densities for two seasons, in order to study the effect of plant density on the grain number and grain weight at different spikelet and grain positions. the results ...201627171343
transcriptome analysis of purple pericarps in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars possessing purple grain arethought to be more nutritious because of high anthocyanin contents in the pericarp. comparative transcriptome analysis of purple (cv gy115) and white pericarps was carried out using next-generation sequencing technology. there were 23,642 unigenes significantly differentially expressed in the purple and white pericarps, including 9945 up-regulated and 13,697 down-regulated. the differentially expressed unigenes were mainly involve ...201627171148
inter-varietal interactions among plants in genotypically diverse mixtures tend to decrease herbivore performance.much research has explored the effects of plant species diversity on herbivore populations, but far less has considered effects of plant genotypic diversity, or how abiotic stressors, like drought, can modify effects. mechanisms by which plant genotypic diversity affects herbivore populations remain largely unresolved. we used greenhouse studies with a model system of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and bird cherry-oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi l.) to determine whether the genotypic diversity of a ...201627170329
genomic prediction for grain zinc and iron concentrations in spring wheat.predictability estimated through cross-validation approach showed moderate to high level; hence, genomic selection approach holds great potential for biofortification breeding to enhance grain zinc and iron concentrations in wheat. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a major staple crop, providing 20 % of dietary energy and protein consumption worldwide. it is an important source of mineral micronutrients such as zinc (zn) and iron (fe) for resource poor consumers. genomic selection (gs) approaches ...201627170319
heading date qtl in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coincide with major developmental genes vernalization1 and photoperiod1.in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), time from planting to spike emergence is influenced by genes controlling vernalization requirement and photoperiod response. characterizing the available genetic diversity of known and novel alleles of vernalization1 (vrn1) and photoperiod1 (ppd1) in winter wheat can inform approaches for breeding climate resilient cultivars. this study identified qtl for heading date (hd) associated with multiple vrn1 and ppd1 loci in a population developed from a cross between ...201627163605
detection of qtls for traits associated with pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).pre-harvest sprouting (phs) is one of the serious problems for wheat production, especially in rainy regions. although seed dormancy is the most critical trait for phs resistance, the control of heading time should also be considered to prevent seed maturation during unfavorable conditions. in addition, awning is known to enhance water absorption by the spike, causing phs. in this study, we conducted qtl analysis for three phs resistant related traits, seed dormancy, heading time and awn length, ...201627162497
retraction of: overexpression of vp, a vacuolar h+-pyrophosphatase gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), improves tobacco plant growth under pi and n deprivation, high salinity, and drought. 201627162277
comparative toxicity of nonylphenol, nonylphenol-4-ethoxylate and nonylphenol-10-ethoxylate to wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.).nonylphenol polyethoxylates (npeos) are a group of surfactants that are widely used in industrial and household products and often detected in the environment. the metabolite of npeos, named nonylphenol (np), has proven to be an endocrine disruptor, and its environmental behavior and eco-toxicity have been widely investigated in previous studies. however, to the best of our knowledge, insight into the toxicity differences of np and npeos on important crops remains limited. therefore, this study ...201627162129
salt tolerance function of the novel c2h2-type zinc finger protein taznf in wheat.the expression profile chip of the wheat salt-tolerant mutant rh8706-49 was investigated under salt stress in our laboratory. results revealed a novel gene induced by salt stress with unknown functions. the gene was named as taznf (triticum aestivum predicted dof zinc finger protein) because it contains the zf-dof superfamily and was deposited in genbank (accession no. kf307327). further analysis showed that taznf significantly improved the salt-tolerance of transgenic arabidopsis. various physi ...201627156137
identification and molecular characterization of the nicotianamine synthase gene family in bread wheat.nicotianamine (na) is a non-protein amino acid involved in fundamental aspects of metal uptake, transport and homeostasis in all plants and constitutes the biosynthetic precursor of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (mas) in graminaceous plant species. nicotianamine synthase (nas) genes, which encode enzymes that synthesize na from s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam), are differentially regulated by iron (fe) status in most plant species and plant genomes have been found to contain anywhere from ...201627155533
selenium promotes sulfur accumulation and plant growth in wheat (triticum aestivum).selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans and a target for biofortification in crops. sulfur (s) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth. to gain better understanding of se and s nutrition and interaction in plants, the effects of se dosages and forms on plant growth as well as on s level in seven wheat lines were examined. low dosages of both selenate and selenite supplements were found to enhance wheat shoot biomass and show no inhibitory effect on grain production. the ...201627152969
ancestral qtl alleles from wild emmer wheat improve drought resistance and productivity in modern wheat cultivars.wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is considered a promising source for improving stress resistances in domesticated wheat. here we explored the potential of selected quantitative trait loci (qtls) from wild emmer wheat, introgressed via marker-assisted selection, to enhance drought resistance in elite durum (t. turgidum ssp. durum) and bread (t. aestivum) wheat cultivars. the resultant near-isogenic lines (bc3f3 and bc3f4) were genotyped using snp array to confirm the introgr ...201627148287
electropriming of wheatgrass seeds using pulsed electric fields enhances antioxidant metabolism and the bioprotective capacity of wheatgrass shoots.the influence of pulsed electric field (pef) (0.5-2 kv/cm) treatment of wheatgrass (triticum aestivum l.) seeds, with different water contents, on antioxidant metabolism in the resultant seedlings was investigated. imbibing seeds to a water content of 45% or greater prior to pef treatment increased the glutathione level and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase in the resultant seedlings, compared to untreated control ...201627147445
[effect of triterpenoid glycosides on alpha- and beta-amylase activity and total protein content in wheat seedlings].influence of the aleanolic acid glycosides from silphium perfoliatum l. (silphioside b, c, e and g) and their progenins on the amylase activity and total protein content in wheat seedlings was studied. treatment of the triticum aestivum l. seeds with 1-10 microm water solutions of mono- and diglycosides (mono- and bisdesmosines) elevated the alpha-amylase and total amylase activities in seedlings. silphioside e containing three glucose moieties in its molecule did not change alpha-amylase activi ...201622232893
effects of different combinations of benzyl adenine and indole acetic acid concentrations on in vitro plant regeneration in hexaploid wheat.development of a reliable in vitro plant regeneration procedure for hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a prerequisite for its improvement by genetic transformation. here, we report the effects of two growth regulators, benzyl adenine (ba) and indole acetic acid (iaa) on callus induction and plant regeneration from scutellum cultures of two commercial bread wheat cultivars: giza 164 and sakha 69. callus induction was obtained from isolated embryos cultured on modified murashige and s ...201622538227
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