Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| inorganic phosphate and sodium ions are cogerminants for spores of clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning-related isolates. | clostridium perfringens type a isolates carrying a chromosomal copy of the enterotoxin (cpe) gene are involved in the majority of food poisoning (fp) outbreaks, while type a isolates carrying a plasmid-borne cpe gene are involved in c. perfringens-associated non-food-borne (nfb) gastrointestinal diseases. to cause diseases, c. perfringens spores must germinate and return to active growth. previously, we showed that only spores of fp isolates were able to germinate with k(+) ions. we now found th ... | 2009 | 19666724 |
| risk assessment for clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products. | an assessment of the risk of illness associated with clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products was completed to estimate the effect on the annual frequency of illnesses of changing the allowed maximal 1-log growth of c. perfringens during stabilization (cooling after the manufacturing heat step). the exposure assessment modeled stabilization, storage, and consumer preparation such as reheating and hot-holding. the model predicted that assuming a 10- o ... | 2009 | 19681258 |
| occurrence of motile aeromonas in municipal drinking water and distribution of genes encoding virulence factors. | aeromonas-associated cases of gastroenteritis are generally considered waterborne. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential microbiological risk associated with the presence of these bacteria in public drinking water. over a period of one year, 132 drinking-water samples were monitored in león (nw of spain, 137,000 inhabitants) for mandatory drinking-water standards and the occurrence of aeromonas spp. samples were taken at the municipal water treatment plant, one storage facility ... | 2009 | 19720415 |
| dominant-negative inhibitors of the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin. | the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin is responsible for a severe, often lethal intoxication. in this study, we characterized dominant-negative inhibitors of the epsilon-toxin. site-specific mutations were introduced into the gene encoding epsilon-toxin, and recombinant proteins were expressed in escherichia coli. paired cysteine substitutions were introduced at locations predicted to form a disulfide bond. one cysteine in each mutant was introduced into the membrane insertion domain of the ... | 2009 | 19720828 |
| neuraminidase inhibitory activities of flavonols isolated from rhodiola rosea roots and their in vitro anti-influenza viral activities. | five flavonols (3, 5, and 9-11) were isolated from rhodiola rosea, and compared with commercially available flavonoids (1, 2, 4, 6-8, and 12-14) to facilitate analysis of their structure-activity relationship (sar). all compounds (1-14) showed neuraminidase inhibitory activities with ic(50) values ranging from 0.8 to 56.9 microm. the in vitro anti-influenza virus activities of flavonoids 1-6, 8-12, and 14 were evaluated using two influenza viral strains, h1n1 (a/pr/8/34) and h9n2 (a/chicken/kore ... | 2009 | 19729316 |
| infectious agents detected in the feces of diarrheic foals: a retrospective study of 233 cases (2003-2008). | diarrhea is common in foals but there are no studies investigating the relative prevalence of common infectious agents in a population of hospitalized diarrheic foals. | 2009 | 19747192 |
| efficacy of multistrain direct-fed microbial and phytogenetic products in reducing necrotic enteritis in commercial broilers. | our laboratory is evaluating the efficacy of direct-fed microbials (dfm) and phytogenic products to control clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive organism associated with decreased performance and morbidity and mortality associated with necrotic enteritis, as well as some recent human food safety issues. three experiments were conducted to evaluate a dfm (poultrystar) and a phytogenic product (pep125), which were administered to birds from day of hatch until termination (d 25) via the drinkin ... | 2009 | 19762859 |
| pediocin a improves growth performance of broilers challenged with clostridium perfringens. | the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the anticlostridial pediocin a from pediococcus pentosaceus fbb61 to contain negative effects associated to clostridium proliferation in broilers, through 2 subsequent investigations. in the first study, 36 ross 508 broilers were divided into 3 groups and fed for 21 d as follows: the control diet (ctr), the control diet supplemented with supernatant filtrate of a culture of p. pentosaceus fbb61-2 (bac-, isogenic mutant nonproducing pedioci ... | 2009 | 19762869 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin increases the small intestinal permeability in mice and rats. | epsilon toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, an anaerobic bacterium that causes enterotoxaemia in ruminants. in the affected animal, it causes oedema of the lungs and brain by damaging the endothelial cells, inducing physiological and morphological changes. although it is believed to compromise the intestinal barrier, thus entering the gut vasculature, little is known about the mechanism underlying this process. this study characterizes the effects of e ... | 2009 | 19763257 |
| complete genome sequence of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785, a competitive exclusion agent against pathogens in poultry. | lactobacillus johnsonii is a member of the acidophilus group of lactobacilli. because of their probiotic properties, including attachment to epithelial cells, immunomodulation, and competitive exclusion of pathogens, representatives of this group are being intensively studied. here we report the complete annotated genome sequence of lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785, a strain which prevents the colonization of specific-pathogen-free chicks by clostridium perfringens. | 2009 | 19767436 |
| expression profiles of genes in toll-like receptor-mediated signaling of broilers infected with clostridium perfringens. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) participate in detecting microbial pattern molecules for activation of the host immune response. we investigated possible roles of tlrs in the chicken response to clostridium perfringens infection by examining the expression of tlr genes and other genes involved in tlr-mediated signaling within the spleens and ilea of c. perfringens-challenged broilers. upregulation of a tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducing factor homolog in challenged chickens compared to naïve chicke ... | 2009 | 19776194 |
| comparison between the vitek immunodiagnostic assay system and pcr for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in an experimental dry sausage during its curing process. | the comparison between the vitek immunodiagnostic assay system (vidas) and pcr methods for the detection of the pathogenic microorganisms salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, clostridium perfringens, and staphylococcus aureus in salchich6n (a type of spanish fermented dry sausage) was studied. the automated mini-vidas method and the pcr method were used to detect the presence of these microorganisms in 90 samples grouped into six batches (one control batch, a ... | 2009 | 19777902 |
| selection of a clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin producer via dot-blot test. | clostridium perfringens type d produces enterotoxemia, an enteric disease in ruminants, also known as pulpy kidney disease. caused by epsilon toxin, enterotoxemia is a major exotoxin produced by this microorganism. epsilon toxin is also the main component of vaccines against this enteric disorder. in this study, a standardized dot-blot was used to choose strains of c. perfringens type d that are producers of epsilon toxin. clones producing epsilon toxin were chosen by limiting dilution; after th ... | 2009 | 19779698 |
| treatment of septicaemia and severe bacterial infections in foals with a new cefquinome formulation: a field study. | a multicentre field study was conducted in accordance with vich guideline on good clinical practice (vich 2000) to confirm the efficacy and safety of a new formulation of cefquinome for the treatment of naturally occurring severe bacterial infections and septicaemia in foals. thirty-nine foals suffering from severe bacterial infections (such as pneumonia, gastro-enteritis, arthritis, omphalitis, or wound infections) or acute septicaemia were treated twice daily with the test product (1 mg cefqui ... | 2009 | 19813447 |
| comparison of molecular markers to detect fresh sewage in environmental waters. | human-specific bacteroides hf183 (hs-hf183), human-specific enterococci faecium esp (hs-esp), human-specific adenoviruses (hs-avs) and human-specific polyomaviruses (hs-pvs) assays were evaluated in freshwater, seawater and distilled water to detect fresh sewage. the sewage spiked water samples were also tested for the concentrations of traditional fecal indicators (i.e., escherichia coli, enterococci and clostridium perfringens) and enteric viruses such as enteroviruses (evs), sapoviruses (svs) ... | 2009 | 19818987 |
| [claudin expression in different pancreatic cancers and its significance in differential diagnostics]. | claudins (cldns) are essential proteins of tight junctions. changes in their expression pattern have been demonstrated in a number of tumors. cldns-3 and -4 are receptors of the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, cytolytic effects of the toxin are well known. the aim of our studies was to compare the different cldn expression patterns in normal pancreas cells, pancreatic endocrine tumors, adenocarcinomas, mucinous cystic tumors and acinar cell carcinomas. expressions of cldn-1, -2, -3, -4 and ... | 2009 | 19793693 |
| antibody response to the epsilon toxin of clostridium perfringens following vaccination of lama glama crias. | enterotoxaemia produced by clostridium perfringens a, c and d is an important cause of mortality in young llamas. there is no data on antibody responses following vaccination with epsilon toxin. | 2009 | 19801806 |
| the long-lived nature of clostridium perfringens iota toxin in mammalian cells induces delayed apoptosis. | mono-adp ribosylation of actin by bacterial toxins, such as clostridium perfringens iota or clostridium botulinum c2 toxins, results in rapid depolymerization of actin filaments and cell rounding. here we report that treatment of african green monkey kidney (vero) cells with iota toxin resulted in delayed caspase-dependent death. unmodified actin did not reappear in toxin-treated cells, and enzyme-active toxin was detectable in the cytosol for at least 24 h. c2 toxin showed comparable, long-live ... | 2009 | 19805536 |
| development and application of new mouse models to study the pathogenesis of clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemias. | clostridium perfringens type c isolates cause enterotoxemias and enteritis in humans and livestock. while the major disease signs and lesions of type c disease are usually attributed to beta toxin (cpb), these bacteria typically produce several different lethal toxins. since understanding of disease pathogenesis and development of improved vaccines is hindered by the lack of small animal models mimicking the lethality caused by type c isolates, in this study we developed two mouse models of c. p ... | 2009 | 19805537 |
| clostridial toxins. | clostridia produce the highest number of toxins of any type of bacteria and are involved in severe diseases in humans and other animals. most of the clostridial toxins are pore-forming toxins responsible for gangrenes and gastrointestinal diseases. among them, perfringolysin has been extensively studied and it is the paradigm of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, whereas clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin and clostridium septicum alpha-toxin, which are related to aerolysin, are the prototy ... | 2009 | 19824793 |
| application of quantitative microbial risk assessments for estimation of risk management metrics: clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products as an example. | the u.s. department of agriculture, food safety and inspection service is exploring quantitative risk assessment methodologies to incorporate the use of the codex alimentarius' newly adopted risk management metrics (e.g., food safety objectives and performance objectives). it is suggested that use of these metrics would more closely tie the results of quantitative microbial risk assessments (qmras) to public health outcomes. by estimating the food safety objective (the maximum frequency and/or c ... | 2009 | 19833039 |
| microbiological quality of saffron from the main producer countries. | a microbiological study of saffron spice was undertaken in the context of a european research project (methodologies for implementing international standards for saffron purity and quality, the acronym for which is saffic), analyzing 79 samples obtained from the main producer countries, namely greece, iran, italy, morocco, and spain. current microbiological quality criteria are the same as for other spices, but saffron is added in minute quantities during the cooking process, so the health risk ... | 2009 | 19833050 |
| effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on necrotic enteritis in broilers. | clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis causes significant economic losses. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on the development of necrotic enteritis in broilers. the first study was a dose response that evaluated bismuth citrate at 50, 100, or 200 ppm on bacterial intestinal colonization and lesion development associated with our c. perfringens challenge model. the second study evaluated bismuth citrate, lactose, ... | 2009 | 19834076 |
| the effect of grobiotic-p combined with yeast cell wall and gluconic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. | two experiments were conducted with new hampshire x columbian chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet to examine the efficacy of varying levels and combinations of grobiotic p (gb), a prebiotic-type product that contains dairy and yeast fractions and dried fermentation extracts, gluconic acid, and yeast cell wall (ycw) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbial populations. in experiment 1, chicks were allowed ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal basal diet or the basal d ... | 2009 | 19834087 |
| clostridium difficile toxin cdt induces formation of microtubule-based protrusions and increases adherence of bacteria. | clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis by production of the rho gtpase-glucosylating toxins a and b. recently emerging hypervirulent clostridium difficile strains additionally produce the binary adp-ribosyltransferase toxin cdt (clostridium difficile transferase), which adp-ribosylates actin and inhibits actin polymerization. thus far, the role of cdt as a virulence factor is not understood. here we report by using time-lapse- and immunofluoresce ... | 2009 | 19834554 |
| [induced expression of alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens in recombinant lactobacillus casei and their immunoprotective in mice]. | the prepared an oral vaccine by constructing recombinant lactobacillus casei expressing alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens, for preventing poisoning by clostridium perfringens. | 2009 | 19835176 |
| identification of the channel-forming domain of clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin (etx). | epsilon-toxin (etx) is a potent toxin produced by clostridium perfringens strains b and d. the bacteria are important pathogens in domestic animals and cause edema mediated by etx. this toxin acts most likely by heptamer formation and rapid permeabilization of target cell membranes for monovalent anions and cations followed by a later entry of calcium. in this study, we compared the primary structure of etx with that of the channel-forming stretches of a variety of binding components of a-b-type ... | 2009 | 19835840 |
| clostridium perfringens vaccines. | both clostridium perfringens spores and toxins have reportedly been considered as a biological warfare agents. the spores may be incorporated into weapons which cause traumatic injury, and the resulting delivery of spores deep into tissues would result in the development of gas gangrene. of the c. perfringens toxins, the epsilon-toxin is of particular concern and now appears on the list of cdc select agents. currently there are no licensed vaccines suitable for use in humans which protect agains ... | 2009 | 19837285 |
| a 72-year-old man with a rapidly progressive sepsis caused by a rare but life-threatening infection. | 2009 | 19841488 | |
| influence of enrichment broths on multiplex pcr detection of total coliform bacteria, escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens, in spiked water samples. | although multiplex pcr amplification condition for simultaneous detection of total coliform bacteria, escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens in water sample has been developed, results with high sensitivity are obtained when amplifying purified dna, but the sensitivity is low when applied to spiked water samples. an enrichment broth culture prior pcr analysis increases sensitivity of the test but the specific nature of enrichment broth can affect the pcr results. three enrichment broths, l ... | 2009 | 19842417 |
| immunization of broiler chickens against clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis using purified recombinant immunogenic proteins. | this study identified and assessed secreted proteins of clostridium perfringens additional to those previously described for their ability to protect broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis (ne). secreted proteins of virulent and avirulent c. perfringens were electrophoretically separated and reacted with serum of chickens immune to ne. three immunoreactive protein bands unique to the virulent c. perfringens were identified by mass spectrometry as the toxin c. perfringens large cytotoxin (tp ... | 2009 | 19848081 |
| evaluation of pcr and dna sequencing for direct detection of clostridium perfringens in the intestinal tract of broilers. | the aim of this investigation was to determine the presence of the opportunistic pathogen clostridium perfringens by pcr and dna sequencing, without previous cultivation. this methodology was then used to investigate how c. perfringens was affected by different preventive measures, such as ionophores and feed additives, for necrotic enteritis in broilers chickens. dna was extracted from the intestinal content or intestinal tissue by dna extraction kits. detection limits for 16s rrna, alpha-toxin ... | 2009 | 19848086 |
| comparison of the metabolic activities of four wild-type clostridium perfringens strains with their gatifloxacin-selected resistant mutants. | the production of short-chain fatty acids, reductive enzymes, and hydrolytic enzymes by four gatifloxacin-selected, fluoroquinolone-resistant, mutant strains of c. perfringens, with stable mutations either in dna gyrase or in both dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv, was compared with that produced by the wild-type parent strains to investigate the effect of mutations associated with the selection of gatifloxacin resistance on bacterial metabolic activities. the mutants differed from their respectiv ... | 2009 | 19855959 |
| [antibiotic-associated diarrhea due to clostridium perfringens]. | a 40-year-old man undergoing allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia and developing diarrhea was administered prophylactic antibiotics including levofloxacin, fluconazole, cotrimoxazole, and vancomycin. stool specimens were positive for toxin a in enzyme immunoassay but negative for toxin b in cell culture assay with a neutralization test, indicating that toxin a detection was false-positive. stool culture yielded enterotoxin producing clostridium perfringen ... | 2009 | 19860258 |
| detection of beta2 and major toxin genes by pcr in clostridium perfringens field isolates of domestic animals suffering from enteritis or enterotoxaemia. | the production of clostridium (c.) perfringens toxins in the intestine is an important cause of enteritis and enterotoxaemia in livestock. in the present study, the alpha toxin and the genes encoding beta2 and epsilon toxin could be frequently detected by means of phenotypical and pcr examinations in these bacteria. the c. perfringens isolates originated from 1213 field samples taken from diseased or perished livestock located in the north-eastern administrative districts of baden-württemberg (g ... | 2009 | 19863004 |
| characterization of selected nutrients and bacteria from anaerobic swine manure lagoons on sow, nursery, and finisher farms in the mid-south usa. | swine (sus scrofa domestica) production in the mid-south usa comprises sow, nursery, and finisher farms. a 2007 packing plant closure started a regional shift from finisher to sow and nursery farms. changes in manure stored in lagoons and land-applied as fertilizer were expected but were unknown because nutrient and bacterial levels had not been characterized by farm type. the objectives of this study were to quantify selected nutrients and bacteria, compare levels by farm types, and project imp ... | 2009 | 19875798 |
| survival of clostridium perfringens sepsis in a liver transplant recipient. | clostridium perfringens sepsis following orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) is a rare but reported complication that historically results in mortality or emergent retransplantation (retx). complications from c. perfringens emphysematous gastritis have contributed to the death of a healthy live liver donor as well. herein, we describe the first documented survivor of c. perfringens sepsis following olt managed without laparotomy or emergent retx. | 2009 | 19877220 |
| clostridial abomasal disease in connecticut dairy calves. | over 2 years, 24 dairy calves died of emphysematous abomasitis and abomasal bloat. anaerobic cultures of necrotic abomasal mucosa yielded clostridium perfringens from 10 of 15 calves. sarcina were observed in 17 of 22 examined histologically. a change in the antibiotic regimen for newborns and improved sanitizing of feeding utensils eliminated further losses. | 2009 | 19881926 |
| a 61-year-old-man with massive intravascular hemolysis. | 2009 | 19892684 | |
| chorioamnionitis and intrauterine fetal death after second-trimester amniocentesis. | we report an intrauterine fetal death that occurred less than 24 h after transabdominal amniocentesis. chorioamnionitis was confirmed by amniotic fluid culture which showed multiple enteric organisms and postmortem examination of the fetus that showed clostridium perfringens. the patient was treated with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and uterine evacuation and her condition rapidly improved. intra-amniotic infection after amniocentesis requires a high index of suspicion and prompt aggre ... | 2009 | 19893298 |
| salmonellosis in a free-ranging population of javelinas (pecari tajacu) in south central arizona. | the javelina, or collared peccary (pecari tajacu), is indigenous to arizona, new mexico, and texas in the united states and ranges throughout latin america. from june 2004 to april 2005, an estimated 105 javelinas died in a mortality event that occurred in tucson, arizona, and neighboring areas. clinical signs observed in sick animals included emaciation, dehydration, lethargy, and diarrhea. in addition, some animals showed labored breathing and hind limb weakness. we necropsied 34 animals, and ... | 2009 | 19901370 |
| fluorescent in situ hybridization in combination with filter cultivation (fishfc) method for specific detection and enumeration of viable clostridium perfringens. | to reduce time for enumeration of viable clostridium perfringens, fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with filter cultivation (fishfc) was employed. the method utilized a clp-180 probe, based on the 16s rrna region of c. perfringens, and fishfc fluorescence microscopy to detect c. perfringens, but not organisms from other species. optimal cultivation requirements for micro-colony formation were tsc medium, anaerobic conditions, 37 degrees c, and incubation for 6h. under these condi ... | 2009 | 19376466 |
| completion pancreatectomy for treatment of a clostridium perfringens pancreatic infection. | pancreatic infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality. drainage of the infection is the usual therapeutic approach. clostridium perfringens infection can cause fulminant sepsis, but it rarely occurs within the pancreas. the case of a 76-year-old man with cystic pancreatic lesions in which sepsis developed after endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration biopsy is described. the sepsis was managed with pancreatic resection and antibiotics. clostridium perfringens was isolate ... | 2009 | 19380651 |
| lactobacillus isolates from weaned piglets' mucosa with inhibitory activity against common porcine pathogens. | twelve lactobacilli isolates from mucosa of 3-5-week-old weaned pigs were found to exert good antimicrobial activity against common porcine pathogens (s. aureus, b. cereus, e. coli, c. perfringens). two of them produced in addition to lactic acid also considerable amounts of acetic acid, and 6 of them produced hydrogen peroxide and metabolites other than organic acids. isolates 4/26 and 2/25 (identified as l. crispatus or l. amylovorus) were inhibitory against most strains of s. aureus, b. cereu ... | 2009 | 19381487 |
| dietary protein concentration affects intestinal microbiota of adult cats: a study using dgge and qpcr to evaluate differences in microbial populations in the feline gastrointestinal tract. | the objective of this study was to identify qualitative and quantitative differences in microbial populations of adult cats fed diets containing different protein concentrations. following a 4 week baseline period, eight healthy adult domestic short-hair queens (>1-year-old) were randomly allotted to a moderate-protein (mp; n = 4) or high-protein (hp; n = 4) diet for 8 weeks. fresh faecal samples were collected after baseline and 8 weeks on treatment and stored at -80 degrees c. following dna ex ... | 2009 | 19386015 |
| clostridium perfringens liver abscess after pancreatic resection. | liver abscess is a rare complication after pancreatectomy. clostridium perfingens is a rare cause of intrahepatic infections. | 2009 | 19388837 |
| mlst analysis reveals a highly conserved core genome among poultry isolates of clostridium septicum. | clostridium septicum is a highly virulent, anaerobic bacterium capable of establishing necrotizing tissue infections and forming heat resistant endospores. disease is primarily facilitated by secretion of numerous toxic products including a lethal pore-forming cytolysin. spontaneously occurring clostridial myonecrosis involving c. septicum has recently reemerged as a concern for many poultry producers. however, despite its increasing prevalence, the epidemiology of infection and population struc ... | 2009 | 19402197 |
| sialivac: an intranasal homologous inactivated split virus vaccine containing bacterial sialidase for the control of avian influenza in poultry. | a simple, effective inactivated avian flu vaccine composed of three homologous highly pathogenic (hp) h5n1 strains combined with clostridium perfringens type a 107 sialidase/neuramindase and chitosan as a trans epithelial carrier adjuvant applied intranasally to poultry is described. poultry were vaccinated with an inactivated, solvent split, chitosan adjuvanted intranasal (in) vaccine with and without c. perfringens sialidase and the resulting serum igg antibody measured by haemagglutination in ... | 2009 | 19406183 |
| n-acetylglucosamine recognition by a family 32 carbohydrate-binding module from clostridium perfringens nagh. | many carbohydrate-active enzymes have complex architectures comprising multiple modules that may be involved in catalysis, carbohydrate binding, or protein-protein interactions. carbohydrate-binding modules (cbms) are a common ancillary module whose function is to promote the adherence of the complete enzyme to carbohydrate substrates. cbm family 32 has been proposed to be one of the most diverse cbm families classified to date, yet all of the structurally characterized cbm32s thus far recognize ... | 2009 | 19422833 |
| phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase activities of the clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin. | alpha-toxin is a major pathogenic determinant of clostridium perfringens, the causative agent of gas gangrene. alpha-toxin has been known for long to be a phospholipase c, but up to now its hydrolytic properties have been studied only through indirect methods, e.g. release of cell contents, or under non-physiological conditions, e.g., in micelles, or with soluble substrates. in this report we characterize the phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase activities of alpha-toxin using a direct assay met ... | 2009 | 19428363 |
| molecular determinants of the interaction between clostridium perfringens enterotoxin fragments and claudin-3. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) binds to the extracellular loop 2 of a subset of claudins, e.g. claudin-3. here, the molecular mechanism of the cpe-claudin interaction was analyzed. using peptide arrays, recombinant cpe-(116-319) bound to loop 2 peptides of mouse claudin-3, -6, -7, -9, and -14 but not of 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10-13, 15, 16, 18-20, and 22. substitution peptide mapping identified the central motif (148)npl(150)vp, supposed to represent a turn region in the loop 2, as essential ... | 2009 | 19429681 |
| clostridium perfringens beta-toxin binding to vascular endothelial cells in a human case of enteritis necroticans. | clostridium perfringens type c-induced enteritis necroticans is a rare but often fatal disease in humans. a consistent histopathological finding is an acute, deep necrosis of the small intestinal mucosa associated with acute vascular necrosis and massive haemorrhage in the lamina propria and submucosa. retrospective immunohistochemical investigations of tissues from a diabetic adult who died of enteritis necroticans revealed endothelial localization of c. perfringens beta-toxin in small intestin ... | 2009 | 19429761 |
| contact with enterocyte-like caco-2 cells induces rapid upregulation of toxin production by clostridium perfringens type c isolates. | clostridium perfringens type c isolates cause necrotizing enteritis in humans and domestic animals. in vitro, type c isolates often produce beta toxin (cpb), beta2 toxin (cpb2), alpha toxin (cpa), perfringolysin o (pfo) and tpel during (or after) late log-phase growth. in contrast, the current study found that many type c isolates respond to close contact with enterocyte-like caco-2 cells by producing all toxins, except tpel, much more rapidly than occurs during in vitro growth. this in vivo eff ... | 2009 | 19438515 |
| claudin-4 augments alveolar epithelial barrier function and is induced in acute lung injury. | intact alveolar barrier function is associated with better outcomes in acute lung injury patients; however, the regulation of alveolar epithelial paracellular transport during lung injury has not been extensively investigated. this study was undertaken to determine whether changes in tight junction claudin expression affect alveolar epithelial barrier properties and to determine the mechanisms of altered expression. in anesthetized mice exposed to ventilator-induced lung injury, claudin-4 was sp ... | 2009 | 19447895 |
| protective effect of potentially probiotic lactobacillus strain on infection with pathogenic bacteria in chickens. | the probiotic potential of a lactobacillus salivarius 3d strain isolated from chicken faeces was assessed in one day old chickens. lactobacillus salivarius 3d was administered per os at a concentration of 10(8) cfu in 100 microl of pbs. the chickens were then challenged with pathogenic bacteria: salmonella enteritidis, campylobacter jejuni and clostridium perfringens. samples of caecal contents and livers were collected after 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days after infection. lactobacilli and pathogenic ba ... | 2009 | 19459435 |
| large outbreak of salmonella phage type 1 infection with high infection rate and severe illness associated with fast food premises. | to describe the epidemiology of an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis phage type 1 (pt1) infection associated with a fast food premises, and to identify the causative factors leading to an acute outbreak with high attack rate and severe illness including hospital admission. | 2009 | 19464715 |
| the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production by clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin and its relation to alpha-toxin-induced intracellular ceramide generation. | the effect of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin on production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and nitric oxide (no) in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated raw 264.7 cells was studied. the pretreatment of wild type alpha-toxin, but not the inactive mutant, significantly decreased lps-induced tnf-alpha and no production. alpha-toxin inhibited the expression of tnf-alpha and an inducible type of no synthase protein and mrna. furthermore, it inhibited the phosphorylation of ikappab-alpha and ... | 2009 | 19467928 |
| rapid detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples by an improved reverse dot blot method. | to develop a new, rapid and accurate reverse dot blot (rdb) method for the detection of intestinal pathogens in fecal samples. | 2009 | 19469006 |
| genetic characterization of type a enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens strains. | clostridium perfringens type a, is both a ubiquitous environmental bacterium and a major cause of human gastrointestinal disease, which usually involves strains producing c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). the gene (cpe) encoding this toxin can be carried on the chromosome or a large plasmid. interestingly, strains carrying cpe on the chromosome and strains carrying cpe on a plasmid often exhibit different biological characteristics, such as resistance properties against heat. in this study, we i ... | 2009 | 19479065 |
| [intravascular hemolysis due to clostridium perfringens in an immunocompetent patient]. | 2009 | 19481305 | |
| water quality in the near coastal waters of the gulf of mexico affected by hurricane katrina: before and after the storm. | water quality was assessed following hurricane katrina in the affected waters of alabama, mississippi, and louisiana. post-landfall water quality was compared to pre-hurricane conditions using indicators assessed by epa's national coastal assessment program and additional indicators of contaminants in water and pathogens. water quality data collected after hurricane katrina suggest that the coastal waters affected by the storm exhibited higher salinity and concentrations of chlorophyll a, dissol ... | 2009 | 19484287 |
| mechanistic investigations of anaerobic sulfatase-maturating enzyme: direct cbeta h-atom abstraction catalyzed by a radical adomet enzyme. | sulfatases are unique in requiring an essential post-translational modification of a critical active-site cysteinyl or seryl residue to 3-oxoalanine usually called c alpha-formylglycine (fgly). this post-translational modification is catalyzed anaerobically by anaerobic sulfatase maturating enzyme (ansme), a member of the radical adomet superfamily. using a new labeled substrate, we demonstrate that ansme uses a 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical to catalyze direct h-atom abstraction from the substrate. w ... | 2009 | 19489556 |
| clostridium perfringens growth from spore inocula in sous-vide processed pork-based mexican entrée. | the combined effect of citricidal wih irradiation on clostridium perfringens growth from spores in a sous-vide processed marinated pork meat mexican entrée was investigated. citricidal was added at 200 or 800 ppm after mixing pork meat with tomatillo sauce and inoculated with 3 log(10) cfu/g of c. perfringens spores. samples were irradiated at either 0 or 2 kgy, heated to an internal temperature of 71 degrees c, and stored at 4 degrees c for 28 d, 15 degrees c for 45 d, and 25 degrees c for 26 h ... | 2009 | 19490335 |
| clostridium perfringens sporulation and its relevance to pathogenesis. | enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens has been recognized as a ubiquitous human pathogen owing to, at least in part, three important characteristics. first, this bacterium undergoes asymmetric cell division or sporulation under nutritionally deprived conditions. second, during sporulation growth it produces c. perfringens enterotoxin, an important virulence factor for food poisoning and nonfood-borne gastrointestinal diseases in humans. third, at the final stage of sporulation, sporulating cel ... | 2009 | 19492963 |
| assessment of the in vitro efficacy of the novel antimicrobial peptide cect7121 against human gram-positive bacteria from serious infections refractory to treatment. | resistant gram-positive bacteria are causing increasing concern in clinical practice. this work investigated the efficacy of ap-cect7121 (an antimicrobial peptide isolated from an environmental strain of enterococcus faecalis cect7121) against various pathogenic gram-positive bacteria. | 2009 | 19494489 |
| gene expression profiling within the spleen of clostridium perfringens-challenged broilers fed antibiotic-medicated and non-medicated diets. | clostridium perfringens (cp) is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that causes necrotic enteritis (ne) in poultry when it overgrows in the small intestine. ne disease has previously been controlled through the use of growth-promoting antibiotics. this practice was recently banned in european countries, leading to significantly increased incidence of ne threatening the poultry industry. control strategies and technology as substitutes to dietary antibiotics are therefore urgently required. to de ... | 2009 | 19500416 |
| novel recombinant bcg expressing perfringolysin o and the over-expression of key immunodominant antigens; pre-clinical characterization, safety and protection against challenge with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb), has infected approximately two billion individuals worldwide with approximately 9.2 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths annually. current efforts are focused on making better bcg priming vaccines designed to induce a comprehensive and balanced immunity followed by booster(s) targeting a specific set of relevant antigens in common with the bcg prime. we describe the generation and immunological characterization of re ... | 2009 | 19500523 |
| influence of high gas production during thermophilic anaerobic digestion in pilot-scale and lab-scale reactors on survival of the thermotolerant pathogens clostridium perfringens and campylobacter jejuni in piggery wastewater. | safe reuse of animal wastes to capture energy and nutrients, through anaerobic digestion processes, is becoming an increasingly desirable solution to environmental pollution. pathogen decay is the most important safety consideration and is in general, improved at elevated temperatures and longer hydraulic residence times. during routine sampling to assess pathogen decay in thermophilic digestion, an inversely proportional relationship between levels of clostridium perfringens and gas production ... | 2009 | 19500814 |
| bacteriology and management of necrotizing soft tissue infections. | 2009 | 19500932 | |
| crystallographic and mutational analyses of substrate recognition of endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase from bifidobacterium longum. | endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase (endo-alpha-galnac-ase), a member of the glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 101, hydrolyses the o-glycosidic bonds in mucin-type o-glycan between alpha-galnac and ser/thr. endo-alpha-galnac-ase from bifidobacterium longum jcm1217 (engbf) is highly specific for the core 1-type o-glycan to release the disaccharide galbeta1-3galnac (gnb), whereas endo-alpha-galnac-ase from clostridium perfringens (engcp) exhibits broader substrate specificity. we determined the cry ... | 2009 | 19502354 |
| targeted delivery of bleomycin to the brain using photo-chemical internalization of clostridium perfringens epsilon prototoxin. | cells infiltrating into normal brain from malignant brain tumors are protected by the blood brain barrier (bbb) which prevents the delivery and limits the effects of anti-tumor agents. we have evaluated the ability of photochemical internalization (pci) to limit the effects of an agent known to broadly open the bbb to a target region of the brain. the pci-based relocation and activation of macromolecules into the cell cytosol has the advantage of minimal side effects since the effect is localize ... | 2009 | 19506813 |
| functional analysis of the virsr phosphorelay from clostridium perfringens. | toxin production in clostridium perfringens is controlled by the virsr two-component signal transduction system, which comprises the virs sensor histidine kinase and the virr response regulator. other studies have concentrated on the elucidation of the genes controlled by this network; there is little information regarding the phosphorelay cascade that is the hallmark of such regulatory systems. in this study, we have examined each step in this cascade, beginning with autophosphorylation of virs ... | 2009 | 19513115 |
| a strategy for enrichment of claudins based on their affinity to clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | claudins, a family of protein localized in tight junctions, are essential for the control of paracellular permeation in epithelia and endothelia. the interaction of several claudins with clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) has been exploited for an affinity-based enrichment of cpe-binding claudins from lysates of normal rat cholangiocytes. | 2009 | 19545418 |
| removal of viruses and indicators by anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating animal waste. | appropriate treatment of agricultural waste is necessary for the protection of public health in rural areas because land-applied animal manure may transmit zoonotic disease. in this study, we evaluated the potential of using a pilot anaerobic membrane bioreactor (anmbr) to treat agricultural waste. the anmbr system, following a conventional complete mix anaerobic digester (cmad), achieved high removals of biological and chemical agents. the mean log(10) removals of escherichia coli, enterococci, ... | 2009 | 19549946 |
| effect of cod/so(4)2- ratio and fe(ii) under the variable hydraulic retention time (hrt) on fermentative hydrogen production. | the effect of chemical oxygen demand/sulfate (cod/so(4)(2-)) ratio on fermentative hydrogen production using enriched mixed microflora has been studied. the chemostat system maintained with a substrate (glucose) concentration of 15 g cod l(-1) exhibited stable h(2) production at inlet sulfate concentrations of 0-20 g l(-1) during 282 days. the tested cod/so(4)(2-) ratios ranged from 150 to 0.75 (with control) at ph 5.5 with hydraulic retention time (hrt) of 24, 12 and 6h. the hydrogen production ... | 2009 | 19555990 |
| dynamics of plc gene transcription and alpha-toxin production during growth of clostridium perfringens strains with contrasting alpha-toxin production. | the aim of the present study was to investigate transcription dynamics of the alpha-toxin-encoding plc gene relative to two housekeeping genes (gyra and rpll) in batch cultures of three clostridium perfringens strains with low, intermediate, and high levels of alpha-toxin production, respectively. the plc transcript level was always low in the low alpha-toxin producing strain. for the two other strains, plc transcription showed an inducible pattern and reached a maximum level in the late exponen ... | 2009 | 19559545 |
| dead-end hollow-fiber ultrafiltration for recovery of diverse microbes from water. | dead-end ultrafiltration (deuf) is an alternative approach to tangential-flow hollow-fiber ultrafiltration that can be readily employed under field conditions to recover microbes from water. the hydraulics of deuf and microbe recovery for a new deuf method were investigated using 100-liter tap water samples. pressure, flow rate, and temperature were investigated using four hollow-fiber ultrafilter types. based on hydraulic performance, the asahi kasei rexeed 25s ultrafilter was selected for micr ... | 2009 | 19561183 |
| clostridium perfringens type d epsilon intoxication in one-day-old calves. | 2009 | 19561353 | |
| recombinant cpe fused to tumor necrosis factor targets human ovarian cancer cells expressing the claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors. | using gene expression profiling, others and we have recently found that claudin-3 (cldn3) and claudin-4 (cldn4) are two of the most highly and consistently up-regulated genes in ovarian carcinomas. because these tight junction proteins are the naturally occurring receptors for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), in this study, we used the cooh-terminal 30 amino acids of the cpe (cpe(290-319)), a fragment that is known to retain full binding affinity but have no cytolytic effect, to target ... | 2009 | 19567823 |
| bsac standardized disc susceptibility testing method (version 8). | there have been considerable changes to the format of the recommendations since the previous version (version 7). the majority of the footnotes to the tables have been removed and the notations added to the end column; it is hoped that this change will avoid confusion in interpretation. antibiotics have been separated into groups, e.g. beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, etc. recommendations for urinary tract infections (utis) have been removed for most agents except for those that are administered s ... | 2009 | 19587067 |
| wheat starch digestion rate affects broiler performance. | two experiments were conducted to determine the differences in starch digestion rate (kds) among wheats from different cultivars and origins and to verify if chickens would benefit from a certain digestion rate of starch. in the first experiment, 192 chickens (21 d) were assigned to 4 diets containing 55% of each wheat sample (3 cultivars, one of them from 2 origins). starch and protein digestion were calculated from the remaining starch and protein in 4 segments of the small intestine and in ex ... | 2009 | 19590082 |
| use of an ez-tn5-based random mutagenesis system to identify a novel toxin regulatory locus in clostridium perfringens strain 13. | although useful for probing bacterial pathogenesis and physiology, current random mutagenesis systems suffer limitations for studying the toxin-producing bacterium clostridium perfringens. | 2009 | 19597556 |
| antimicrobial resistance in clostridium perfringens isolates from broilers in belgium. | the antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from belgian broilers between may and september 2007 was investigated. all 39 tested isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, tylosin, florfenicol and bacitracin. twenty-six (66%) and 24 (61%) out of the 39 tested isolates showed acquired resistance to tetracycline and lincomycin, respectively. the c. perfringens isolates were also screened by pcr for the presence of the resistance genes tet(k), tet(l), te ... | 2009 | 19597952 |
| clinicopathologic features of experimental clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxemia in cattle. | this study was designed to experimentally reproduce enterotoxemia by clostridium perfringens type d in cattle and to characterize the clinicopathologic findings of this disease. fourteen 9-month-old calves were inoculated intraduodenally according to the following schedule: group 1 (n = 4), c. perfringens type d whole culture; group 2 (n = 3), c. perfringens type d washed cells; group 3 (n = 5), c. perfringens type d filtered and concentrated supernatant; group 4 (n = 2), sterile, nontoxic cultu ... | 2009 | 19605912 |
| further characterization of clostridium perfringens small acid soluble protein-4 (ssp4) properties and expression. | clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning (fp) is usually caused by c. perfringens type a strains that carry a chromosomal enterotoxin gene (cpe) and produce spores with exceptional resistance against heat and nitrites. previous studies showed that the extreme resistance of spores made by most fp strains is mediated, in large part, by a variant of small acid soluble protein 4 (ssp4) that has asp at residue 36; in contrast, the sensitive spores made by other c. perfringens type a isolates con ... | 2009 | 19609432 |
| simultaneous identification of seven foodborne pathogens and escherichia coli (pathogenic and nonpathogenic) using capillary electrophoresis-based single-strand conformation polymorphism coupled with multiplex pcr. | the objective of this study was to develop a novel technique for parallel analysis of eight important foodborne microbes using capillary electrophoresis-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (ce-sscp) coupled with multiplex pcr. specific primers for multiplex pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene were designed, corresponding to eight species of bacteria, including escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, vibrio parahae ... | 2009 | 19610337 |
| undiagnosed cases of fatal clostridium-associated toxic shock in californian women of childbearing age. | in 2005, 4 clostridium sordellii-associated toxic shock fatalities were reported in young californian women after medical abortions. the true incidence of this rare disease is unknown, and a population-based study has never been performed. additional clostridia-associated deaths were sought to describe associated clinical characteristics. | 2009 | 19628200 |
| the protease cspb is essential for initiation of cortex hydrolysis and dipicolinic acid (dpa) release during germination of spores of clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning isolates. | the genome of the clostridium perfringens food poisoning isolate sm101 encodes a subtilisin-like protease, cspb, upstream of the slec gene encoding the enzyme essential for degradation of the peptidoglycan cortex during spore germination. slec is an inactive pro-slec in dormant spores that is converted to active slec during spore germination and csp proteases convert pro-slec to the active enzyme in vitro. in this work, the germination and viability of spores of a cspb deletion mutant of strain ... | 2009 | 19628563 |
| mechanistic analysis of the blood group antigen-cleaving endo-beta-galactosidase from clostridium perfringens. | the a and b antigens are of vital importance in blood transfusion and organ transplantation. the specificity of eabase, an endo-beta-galactosidase from c. perfringens, toward the cleavage of a and b trisaccharides from glycoconjugates is unique and holds significant potential for use in modifying blood group antigens on cell surfaces. the mechanism of this enzyme and others in its family (gh98) and the identities of its catalytic residues have not previously been experimentally determined. direc ... | 2009 | 19630404 |
| cholesterol exposure at the membrane surface is necessary and sufficient to trigger perfringolysin o binding. | perfringolysin o (pfo) is the prototype for the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, a family of bacterial pore-forming toxins that act on eukaryotic membranes. the pore-forming mechanism of pfo exhibits an absolute requirement for membrane cholesterol, but the complex interplay between the structural arrangement of the pfo c-terminal domain and the distribution of cholesterol in the target membrane is poorly understood. herein we show that pfo binding to the bilayer and the initiation of the seque ... | 2009 | 19292457 |
| characterization of two putative fibronectin-binding proteins of clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive anaerobic pathogen that causes gas gangrene and food poisoning in humans and animals. genomic analysis of c. perfringens strain 13 revealed that this bacterium contains two genes (cpe0737 and cpe1847) that encode putative fibronectin (fn)-binding proteins (fbps). these genes, named fbpa and fbpb, were found to be constitutively expressed in all three strains (13, nctc8237, cpn50) of c. perfringens, isolated from gas gangrene of human, that were tested. ... | 2009 | 19292998 |
| the oncopathic potency of clostridium perfringens is independent of its alpha-toxin gene. | hypoxia in solid tumors is a major obstacle in conventional treatment because of inefficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the lesions, but offers the potential for anaerobic bacterial colonization that can lead to tumor destruction. we have previously reported a recombinant clostridium perfringens (cp) strain constructed by deletion of the superoxide dismutase (sod) gene and insertion of the panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl) gene, cp/sod(-)/pvl, which showed elevated oxygen sensitivity, tum ... | 2009 | 19298132 |
| nosocomial and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea caused by organisms other than clostridium difficile. | most cases of nosocomial and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea are caused by alteration of the physiological gut microflora. this alteration leads to reduced microbial metabolism of carbohydrates and primary bile acids, resulting in osmotic or secretory forms of diarrhoea. moreover, facultative enteropathogens may experience a growth advantage due to the antibiotic-induced microflora alteration that, in turn, can harm the gut mucosa by the toxins they produce. clostridium difficile is the major in ... | 2009 | 19303568 |
| cellular functions and x-ray structure of anthrolysin o, a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin secreted by bacillus anthracis. | anthrolysin o (alo) is a pore-forming, cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (cdc) secreted by bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent for anthrax. growing evidence suggests the involvement of alo in anthrax pathogenesis. here, we show that the apical application of alo decreases the barrier function of human polarized epithelial cells as well as increases intracellular calcium and the internalization of the tight junction protein occludin. using pharmacological agents, we also found that barrier func ... | 2009 | 19307185 |
| case of clostridium perfringens bacteremia after routine colonoscopy and polypectomy. | bacteremia is an uncommon complication after polypectomy and colonoscopy. we report one of the first cases of clostridium perfringens bacteremia after polypectomy. our patient was a four years old boy with congenital polyposis, who underwent colonoscopy and polypectomy without complication. approximately 12h later he developed a fever and tachycardia with no other clinical symptoms. his blood cultures grew out penicillin susceptible c. perfringens and enterococcus faecalis. he responded to antib ... | 2009 | 19324098 |
| diversifying and stabilizing selection of sialidase and n-acetylneuraminate catabolism in mycoplasma synoviae. | sialidase activity varies widely among strains and tends to correlate with strain virulence in the avian pathogen mycoplasma synoviae. to characterize the forms of selection acting on enzymes required for sialic acid scavenging and catabolism, the ratios of nonsynonymous (k(a)) to synonymous (k(s)) mutation frequency were calculated for codons in the sialidase gene of 16 strains of m. synoviae and for its nearly identical homolog in four strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum. the k(a)/k(s) (omega) ... | 2009 | 19329630 |
| nitrogen, phosphorus, and bacteria tile and groundwater quality following direct injection of dewatered municipal biosolids into soil. | application of municipal biosolids (sewage) to agricultural land is a common practice to improve soil physical quality and fertility. the chosen method of land application can have a strong impact on the extent of adjacent water contamination by nutrients and bacteria. dewatered municipal biosolids (dmb) were applied to silt-clay loam experimental field plots in ontario, canada using two application methods: (i) surface spreading followed by shallow incorporation (ss) and (ii) a newly developed ... | 2009 | 19329694 |
| seasonal relationships among indicator bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, cryptosporidium oocysts, giardia cysts, and hydrological indices for surface waters within an agricultural landscape. | the south nation river basin in eastern ontario, canada is characterized by mixed agriculture. over 1600 water samples were collected on a bi-weekly basis from up to 24 discrete sampling sites on river tributaries of varying stream order within the river basin between 2004 and 2006. water samples were analyzed for: densities of indicator bacteria (escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, enterococci, total and fecal coliforms), the presence of pathogenic bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, e. co ... | 2009 | 19339033 |
| occurrence and levels of fecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in market-ready recycled organic matter composts. | landfill diversion of organic wastes through composting is making compost products available for agricultural and horticultural crops. on certified organic farms, nonsludge green waste and manure composts are widely used because the use of these products removes harvest date restrictions imposed by the u.s. department of agriculture when raw manure is applied. we quantified several pathogens in point-of-sale composts from 94 nonsludge facilities processing 2.2 million m3 year(-1) of recycled gre ... | 2009 | 19350977 |
| [a necrotizing fasciitis of an abdominal wall after a cholecystectomy--a case report]. | the authors present a case review of a patient with a life threatening infectious complication after a routine operation with an accent on urgent diagnosis and treatment. a sepsis with an extensive necrotizing anaerobic infection of the surgical wound with a destruction of abdominal wound developed in 48 hours after a cholecystectomia. the patient status required repeatedly an extensive necrectomy with a hospitalization on an intensive care unit with a necessity of an arteficial pulmonary ventil ... | 2009 | 19358467 |