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quantitative characterization of a biological membrane by means of its spatial autocovariance.profiles for the exoplasmic face (ef) of the freeze-fractured plasma membrane from the root storage tissue of red beets are reconstructed by microdensitometry of micrographs of surface-shadowed-platinum carbon replicas. autocovariance functions (acfs) are computed from those profiles. the initial portions of the acfs have a gaussian form whose parameters (root mean square surface roughness and autocovariance length) are estimated. the parameter estimates are used to show that the pits on the ef ...19853978212
electrical evidence for turgor inhibition of proton extrusion in sugar beet taproot.sections of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) taproot were incubated in various concentrations of mannitol. at 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 molar, the membrane electrical potential difference (e(m)) averaged about -130 millivolts; at 0.2 molar, about -90 millivolts; and at 0 molar, between -60 and -80 millivolts. additions of 10 millivolts acetate to the incubation solutions (all at ph 5) enhanced the membrane polarity to about -200 millivolts. we conclude from these and previous findings that high turgor inhi ...198616665150
glyphosate inhibits photosynthesis and allocation of carbon to starch in sugar beet leaves.application of glyphosate (n-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to exporting leaves of sugar beet (beta vulgaris, l.) during the day lowered stomatal conductance and carbon fixation. allocation of newly fixed carbon to foliar starch accumulation was nearly completely inhibited, being decreased by the same amount as net carbon fixation. in contrast, decreasing net carbon fixation in untreated leaves by lowering co(2) concentration caused starch accumulation to decrease, but only in the same proportion as ...198616665053
symplastic transport in ipomea tricolor source leaves : demonstration of functional symplastic connections from mesophyll to minor veins by a novel dye-tracer method.a novel method for the delivery of the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow ch to the cytosol of a source leaf mesophyll cell was devised which utilized a preencapsulation of the dye in phospholipid vesicles (liposomes). the liposomes were easily injected into the vacuoles of leaf cells of beta vulgaris or ipomea tricolor, where fusion with the tonoplast resulted in the release of the dye into the cytosol. subsequent cell-to-cell movement of the dye was readily followed by fluorescence microscopy. usi ...198616665047
regulation of plasma membrane beta-glucan synthase from red beet root by phospholipids : reactivation of triton x-100 extracted glucan synthase by phospholipids.extraction of red beet root plasma membranes with the detergent triton x-100 at a level of 2.0% (weight/volume) resulted in the depletion of over 90% of total membrane phospholipid and the reduction of glucan synthase activity by 80 to 90%. reconstitution of the delipidated triton x-100, 100,000g fraction in the presence of phospholipids restored glucan synthase activity. the most effective phospholipid was phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, which restored 110 to 144% of the original activity at 0.5% (w ...198616665040
effect of methyl parathion on betacyanin efflux from beet root discs. 19863742103
electrical noise measurements on red beet vacuoles : another way to detect the atpase activity.the vacuolar potential (v(vac)) and its fluctuations were recorded in red beet vacuoles (beta vulgaris l.). measurements with vacuoles in their suspension medium gave v(vac) = 10 +/- 2 millivolts (referred to the external medium) when 3 molar kcl microelectrodes were used. buffering the microelectrode filling solution at ph 7.7 reversed the sign of the potential: v(vac) = -7 +/- 2 millivolts. the magnitude of the potential fluctuations was lowered by dilution (5-1000 times) with the suspension m ...198616664959
intermediate reaction states of the red beet plasma membrane atpase.the phosphorylation reaction for the plasma membrane atpase of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) was examined in order to further understand the mechanism of this enzyme. the level of steady-state phosphorylation had a ph optimum of about 6.0 while atpase activity (32pi production) measured under identical conditions had a ph optimum of 7.0. phosphoenzyme decomposition was accelerated as both the ph and temperature were increased. the former effect may account for the observed difference between the p ...19862942108
the responses of isolated plant mitochondria to external nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.the effects of added nad on substrate oxidation by turnip (brassica rapa l.) and beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) mitochondria were investigated. state 3 malate and 2-oxoglutarate oxidation rates with turnip mitochondria were stimulated 25 to 40% by external nad. following nad-depletion this stimulation by nad was increased to 70 to 80%. with purified beetroot mitochondria, state 3 malate and 2-oxoglutarate oxidation rates were only marginally increased (10-15%) by the addition of nad but after nad-d ...198616664861
turgor regulation of sucrose transport in sugar beet taproot tissue.sink tissues that store osmotically active compounds must osmoregulate to prevent excessively high turgor. the ability to regulate turgor may be related to membrane transport of solutes and thus sink strength. to study this possibility, the kinetics of sugar uptake were determined in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) taproot tissue discs over a range of cell turgors. sucrose uptake followed biphasic kinetics with a high affinity saturating component below 20 millimolar and a low affinity linear comp ...198616664841
chloroplast genome organisation in sugar beet and maize.the xhoi and smai restriction map of the chloroplast genome from the fertile cytoplasm of sugar beet has been constructed from overlapping cosmid clones. the genome was found to be typical of that of a dicotyledonous species, being 147.3 kb in size and having an inverted repeat. rbcl for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, psba for the 32 kd protein of the photosystem ii reaction centre, and the 16s ribosomal rna were located using heterologous probes. in both sugar beet ...198624307276
restriction fragment map of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) chloroplast dna.a restriction endonuclease fragment map of sugar beet chloroplast dna (ctdna) has been constructed with the enzymes smai, psti and pvuii. the ctdna was found to be contained in a circular molecule of 148.5 kbp. in common with many other higher plant ctdnas, sugar beet ctdna consists of two inverted repeat sequences of about 20.5 kbp separated by two single-copy regions of different sizes (about 23.2 and 84.3 kbp). southern hybridization analyses indicated that the genes for rrnas (23s+16s) and t ...198624302305
(1-->3)-beta-d-glucan synthase from sugar beet : i. isolation and solubilization.a (1-->3)-beta-glucan synthase has been isolated from petiole tissue of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). enzyme activity is associated with a membrane fraction with a density of 1.03 grams per cubic centimeter when subjected to isopycnic density gradient centrifugation in percoll. the reaction product was determined to be a linear (1-->3)-beta-glucan by methylation analysis and by glucanase digestion. (1-->3)-beta-glucan synthase activity is markedly stimulated by ca(2+); activation is half-maxima ...198616664770
chromatographic resolution of h-translocating pyrophosphatase from h-translocating atpase of higher plant tonoplast.membrane vesicles derived from the tonoplast of beta vulgaris l. possess two predominant phosphohydrolase activities: a cl(-)-stimulated, no(3) (-)-inhibited atpase, and a k(+)-stimulated, na(+)-inhibited inorganic pyrophosphatase (ppase). the solubilization of tonoplast vesicles with 2% (w/v) triton x-100 containing 4 millimolar mgcl(2) and 1 millimolar ethylenediamine tetracetic acid, as protectants, gives high yields of both the atpase and ppase in soluble form. chromatography of the solubili ...198616664761
mechanism of stimulation and inhibition of tonoplast h-atpase of beta vulgaris by chloride and nitrate.the h(+)-atpase of tonoplast vesicles isolated from red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue was studied with respect to the kinetic effects of cl(-) and no(3) (-). n-ethylmaleimide (nem) was employed as a probe to investigate substrate binding and gross conformational changes of the enzyme. chloride decreased the k(m) of the enzyme for atp but caused relatively little alteration of the v(max). nitrate increased k(m) only. michaelis-menten kinetics applied throughout with respect to atp concen ...198616664760
evidence for the involvement of a udp-glucose-dependent group translocator in sucrose uptake into vacuoles of storage roots of red beet.vacuoles isolated from the storage roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) accumulate sucrose via two different mechanisms. one mechanism transports sucrose directly, and its rate is increased by the addition of mgatp. the other mechanism utilizes uridine diphosphate glucose (udp-glucose) to synthesize and simultaneously transport sucrose phosphate and sucrose into the vacuole. this group translocation mechanism has also been found in sugarcane vacuoles. as in sugarcane, the beet group translocator ...198624240312
kinetics of ca/h antiport in isolated tonoplast vesicles from storage tissue of beta vulgaris l.artificial ph gradients across tonoplast vesicles isolated from storage tissue of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) were used to study the kinetics of a ca(2+)/h(+) antiport across this membrane. ca(2+)-dependent h(+) fluxes were measured by the ph-dependent fluorescence quenching of acridine orange. deltaph-dependent ca(2+) influx was measured radiometrically. both h(+) efflux and ca(2+) influx displayed saturation kinetics and an identical dependence on external calcium with apparent k(m) values of ...198616664693
spectrophotometric and cytochemical analyses of phosphatase activity in beta vulgaris l.spectrophotometric and cytochemical methods were used to investigate the localization and/or the sensitivity of phosphatase activities in aldehyde-fixed beet leaves and membrane fractions. the nonspecific acid phosphatase substrates, p-nitrophenyl phosphate and beta-glycerol phosphate, each exhibited unique spectrophotometric patterns of hydrolysis as a function of ph. additionally, beta-glycerol phosphatase activity was primarily present on the tonoplast, whereas p-nitrophenyl phosphatase was p ...19862419391
reduced glycemic response to beet-fibre meal in non-insulin-dependent diabetics and its relation to plasma levels of pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones.standardized breakfasts with or without beet-fibre were given, in random order, to non-insulin-dependent diabetics. the blood glucose levels were monitored continuously and hormonal responses were determined at regular intervals for 3 hr. after the beet-fibre breakfast including 10.8 g dietary fibre from the sugar beet, the glucose plateau level and the area below the curve were lower than after the control meal. the rate of glucose decrease was also slower after the beet-fibre meal. there were ...19863009077
rup2 pool size indicated by co2 assimilation following the abrupt loss of light.measurement of the changes in co2 uptake by single leaves following the abrupt onset of darkness were made on sugarbeets (beta vulgaris l.) and (phaseolus vulgaris l.) the shape of the co2 dark response curve was analyzed with respect to the reaction kinetics of co2, rup2 and rup2 carboxylase. it was concluded that the net uptake of co2 in the dark from a 1% o2 atmosphere can be approximately related to the pool size of the rup2 substrate in the chloroplasts of c3 plants. this information was co ...198624443209
chlorophyll-protein and polypeptide composition of mn-deficient sugar beet thylakoids.the chlorophyll-protein and polypeptide composition of manganese deficient and control sugar beet thylakoids was examined using three different detergent-electrophoresis systems. on a per chlorophyll basis, manganese deficiency reduced the amounts of cpa complex (separated by sodium dodecylsulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and cp 47 and cp 43 complexes (separated by octylglucoside/sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) without decreasing the amounts of light harvesting complexe ...198624443120
osmotic response of sugar beet source leaves at co(2) compensation point.as sugar beet source leaves lowered the co(2) concentration to compensation point in a closed atmosphere, leaf thickness and relative water content decreased. leaf water potential declined rapidly from -0.5 to -1.4 megapascals. at 340 microliters co(2) per liter, water potential and sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents were steady in photosynthesizing source leaves. within 90 minutes after leaves were exposed to a co(2) concentration at the compensation point, leaf sucrose content declined to ...198616664589
relationships between the cryptic and temperate viruses of alfalfa, beet and white clover.small isometric virus particles containing double-stranded rna have been independently reported in europe and japan from apparently healthy alfalfa (medicago sativa), beet (beta vulgaris), and white clover (trifolium repens). they have been called cryptic viruses in europe and temperate viruses in japan. serological comparison using immunoelectron microscopy, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rnas indicate that alfalfa cryptic and temperate viruses are the same, beet cryptic virus is ...19863721811
[red beet roots: realization of atomizing and freeze-dried extracts]. 19863619325
a simulation model of heterodera schachtii infecting beta vulgaris.a simulation model of a single sugarbeet, beta vulgaris l., plant infected by the sugarbeet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii schmidt, was developed using published information. the model is an interactive computer simulation programmed in fortran. given initial population densities of the nematode at planting, the model simulates nematode population dynamics and the growth of plant tap and fibrous roots. the driving variable for nematode development and plant growth is temperature.198619294221
the nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of the geminivirus beet curly top virus.a number of infectious clones of a californian isolate of the leafhopper-transmitted geminivirus beet curly top virus (bctv) have been constructed from virus-specific double-stranded dna isolated from infected beta vulgaris and used to demonstrate a single component genome. the nucleotide sequence of one infectious clone has been determined (2993 nucleotides). comparison with other geminiviruses has shown that the organisation of the genome closely resembles dna 1 of the whitefly-transmitted mem ...198616453696
secondary product formation by cultures of beta vulgaris and nicotiana rustica transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes.'hairy root' cultures of beta vulgaris and nicotiana rustica were established after roots were induced on plants following infection with agrobacterium rhizogenes. the transformed cultures of b. vulgaris and n. rustica synthesised their characteristic secondary products, the betalain pigments and nicotine alkaloids respectively, at levels comparable with those of in vivo roots from the same variety. betalains were entirely retained inside the root tissue. in contrast, a proportion of the nicotin ...198624248047
effects of inoculum size on solid-phase fermentation of fodder beets for fuel ethanol production.this fuel ethanol study examined the effects of saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculum size on solid-phase fermentation of fodder beet pulp. a 5% inoculum (wt/wt) resulted in rapid yeast and ethanol (9.1% [vol/vol]) production. higher inocula showed no advantages. lower inocula resulted in lowered final yeast populations and increased fermentation times.198616347193
the influence of wheat bran and sugar-beet pulp on the digestibility of dietary components in a cereal-based pig diet.the influence of added wheat bran or dried sugar-beet pulp on the apparent digestion of dietary components was examined in pigs fitted with duodenal and terminal ileal cannulas. the pigs were fed a basal cereal-based diet alone or substituted at a level of 33% by wheat bran or beet pulp. neither fibrous component influenced the digestibility of starch, but inclusion of beet pulp decreased dry matter content and digestibility of ash, protein and fat in the ileum and fecal digestibility of fat. be ...19863003295
[physico-chemical stimulation of dietary origin and digestive motility in the rabbit].the effects on gastrointestinal motility of two different diets, one containing dehydrated lucerne and the other dehydrated beet pulp (both being either coarsely or finely ground before pelleting) were studied in 16 unanesthetized 50-60-day old rabbits fed ad libitum. the rabbits fed with lucerne had better antroduodenal and ileo-caecal coordination, a higher level of electrical activity on the duodenum, and more frequent migrating myoelectric complexes on the jejunum and ileum than those fed wi ...19863010405
[effects of a diet with low fiber and thiamine contents on erythrocyte transketolase activity in goats].to test the effects of an insufficient fiber content, a high percentage of readily fermentescible carbohydrate and non protein nitrogen uptake on thiamin nutrition, three goats were submitted during periods of 40 or 90 days to three diets with low fiber contents (1: 16.53%; 2: 12.37%; 3: 12.84%) and low thiamin contents (1: 0.07; 2: 0.08; 3: 0.05' mg/kg). the diets were basically composed of beet pulp and equilibrated in protein either with copra meal or with urea. diets 2 and 3 were enriched wi ...19863022633
[nitrogen metabolism in the large intestine of ruminants. 3. microbial utilization of intracecally administered 14c- and 15n-marked urea in the large intestine of sheep in simultaneous intracecal administration of partially hydrolyzed straw meal].two experiments were performed on sheep, receiving on maintenance level a pelleted straw ration high in crude fibre (straw, 70.5%; dried sugar beet pulp, 12%; cereals, 10%; urea, 2%; ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 3%; minerals 2,5%). the animals were fitted with ileo-caecal re-entrant cannulas. the effects of the introduction of hc1-partly hydrolysed straw meal into the digesta of the large intestine on the digestion processes in that segment were studied. under these conditions the metabolism of ...19863026285
[rate of passage of a non-traditional diet through the digestive tract in sheep].the rate of passage of experimental diets based on non-conventional feeds through the alimentary tract of rams was studied. the composition of diets was as follows: barley straw (d-2, d-1), conditioned beech sawdust (d-2, d-1), waste cellulose fibre (d-2, d-1), lactosylureide (d-2), peanut waste (d-2), urea (d-1), wood molasses (d-2, d-1) and mineral supplement (d-2, w-1). the control feed (k) contained straw, barley, beet molasses and mineral supplement. as a marker was used a single applicatio ...19863083561
influence of formaldehyde-treated soybean meal on milk production.forty-eight holstein cows were fed one of four diets containing 12.5% crude protein (negative control); 15.5% crude protein with untreated soybean meal; 15.5% crude protein with formaldehyde (.3%)-treated soybean meal; or 18% crude protein (positive control). diets were 60% concentrate, 22% corn silage, 14% alfalfa hay, and 4% beet pulp (dry matter). data were collected during the first 200 d of lactation. dry matter intake, milk, and milk component yields did not differ among cows fed the untre ...19863722547
prophylactic effect of a beta vulgaris extract on experimental influenza infection in mice.an aqueous beta vulgaris extract was repeatedly administered to mice by intranasal (i.n.) instillation, prior to i.n. inoculation of influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (h1n1). the extract conferred a partial protection against the experimental influenza infection: there was a significant decrease in the hemagglutination titers recorded in mouse lung homogenates, a decrease in mortality rate and an increase in the mean survival time as compared with the untreated, virus-inoculated controls.19863727395
alcohol consumption does not lead to urinary excretion of n-nitrosodimethylamine in the fasting human.to test the hypothesis that n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) and possibly other nitrosamines are synthesized naturally in the gastrointestinal tract, the urinary excretion of nitrosamines has been measured in people whose first pass clearance and metabolism of nitrosamines had been inhibited by administration of ethanol. five fasted volunteers consumed 350 mg of nitrate in beet juice followed, 1 h later, by a volume of 10% alcohol in carbonated water sufficient to raise their blood alcohol concentr ...19863731394
n tau-methylhistidine--feed and duodenal content and ruminal degradation.n tau-methylhistidine (nmh) concentrations were determined in acid hydrolysates of 12 common feedstuffs for ruminants, and duodenal digesta from steers fed alfalfa haylage and high-moisture corn. for six species of grass hays, nmh concentrations ranged from nondetectable (nd; less than .1 nmol/g dry matter) to .6 nmol/g dry matter. two legume hays had nmh concentrations of .9 and 2.0 nmol/g dry matter, respectively. for corn silage, high-moisture corn, beet pulp and soybean meal, nmh concentrati ...19863733565
[use of sugar beet in porcine nutrition. 1. effect of various methods of treatment on the gastrointestinal tract].the influence of the size of particles, of steaming and preserving (formic acid) of the sugar beet 'rosamona' was studied with respect to apparent digestibility and tract parameters. digestibility measuring only resulted in an improvement for crude protein due to the cutting up into small pieces. tract measures and fillings, microbial activity and an estimate of the absorption rates of nutrients indicate that the bigger part of fresh and silaged coarse particles is digested in the colon but that ...19863753186
metabolism of some essential minerals in ponies fed high levels of aluminum.the effect of dietary aluminum on the absorption, retention and pathways of excretion of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron and copper was studied in balance trials in mature ponies in a three by three latin square experiment. a basal diet consisting of one third each of oats, beet pulp and a commercial pelleted, complete horse ration and containing 336 ppm aluminum was supplemented with alc1(3) . 6h2o. the middle and high level aluminum diets contained 1370 and 4500 ppm aluminum respect ...19863757518
protein enrichment of sugar beet residue with the inoculation of conidia of trichoderma album by solid state fermentation.cellulosic material was inoculated with trichoderma album by solid state fermentation and the change of protein, total nitrogen, mineral nitrogen, cellulose and total fiber contents of raw material were measured. it was found that the water holding capacity and bulk density of substrate increased as the fermentation progressed. the optimum c/n ratio for the conidia production was between 4 and 7, and the optimum ph was around 5. the protein enrichment of sugar beet residue were the best at the i ...19863816356
[sodium and potassium levels in the soil, grass and blood serum of bulls after irrigation of the soil with sewage water].the main purpose of the studies was to find the influence of a long-term irrigation with the water of the ner river, containing sewage on the content of sodium and potassium in soil, its vegetation and in the blood serum of the bulls fed on the hay from the meadows irrigated with this water. the soil irrigated with drain water and its vegetation were analysed and the bulls of the black and white breed fed on the hay from the irrigated meadows were examined carefully. there were 30 bulla tested. ...19863822859
[calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in the soil, grass and the body of bulls after irrigation of the soil with sewage water].the aim of the studies was determination of the influence of irrigation with the water of the river ner on the content of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in soil, plants and organism of bulls fed on the hay grown on the irrigated soil. the soil irrigated with waste water, its vegetation and 30 bulls of the black and white breed used in this experiment. the bulls were divided into three groups. the experiment was repeated twice and lasted 93 days each time. the animals from group i and ii were ...19863822860
epidemiology of spiroplasma citri in the old world.epidemics of citrus stubborn disease (csd) have been known in the mediterranean citrus-growing areas as early as 1928. one such outbreak of stubborn disease occurred around 1980 in newly established citrus nurseries on the syrian coast. natural transmission of spiroplasma citri could be shown to be involved. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and culture of s. citri were used to detect the presence of s. citri in leafhoppers. over 50 leafhopper species were submitted to these analyses, no ...19873312105
ethanol fermentation of enzymatically hydrolysed leached beet cosette using trichoderma harzianum cellulases and saccharomyces cerevisiae. 19873326098
energy utilization of sodium hydroxide treated or untreated straw supplemented with protein or concentrates by adult sheep. 1. feed intake, digestibility, metabolizability and net energy value.naoh treated (t) or untreated (ut) barley straws were supplemented either with protein (p) or with concentrates based on maize (m) or beet pulp (bp) at rates of 25 or 50% of the diet. each of the 8 diets was fed to 8 sheep near ad libitum and near maintenance. energy balances were determined by indirect calorimetry. straw and feed intakes were doubled by the alkali treatment (p, bp25 and bp50 diets) or increased by 83% (m25 diet) and 63% (m50 diet). near maintenance, energy digestibility (de) an ...19873446092
energy utilization of sodium hydroxide treated or untreated straw supplemented with protein or concentrates by adult sheep. 2. rumen digestion.naoh treated (t) or untreated (ut) barley straws were supplemented either with protein (p) or with concentrates based on maize (m) or beet pulp (bp), the two last at rates of 25 and 50% of the diet. each of the 10 diets was fed to two sheep ad libitum. two diets were also fed at limited intakes. for these 12 diets in sacco cellulolytic activity in the rumen and ruminal fermentation were measured. cellulolytic activity was measured with the studied straws, so that their digestion rate was also de ...19873446093
[influence of the physical properties of straw pellets on their digestibility and passage rate of cr2o3 in sheep].by means of pelleting them one to four times (press g 600) and adding 20% sugar beet chips and 3% ammonia hydrogen carbonate at varying loose density (357-561 kg/m3) 4 straw pellet charges were produced. significant differences could be ascertained for these pellets with regard to the fineness coefficient (i-iv 1.67; 1.30; 1.19; 0.83), hardness of pellets (5.4; 8.8; 9.4; 18.6 n/m2/10(5) and partly the loose volume. after testing four wethers per group, an energy concentration in the same sequenc ...19873451719
structure and replication of geminivirus genomes.the geminiviruses are a group of plant viruses containing single-stranded (ss) dna in particles comprising two quasi-icosahedral units. some are transmitted by whiteflies, others by leafhoppers. comparisons were made of the genome organization and expression of cassava latent virus (clv) and maize streak virus (msv) and beet curly top virus (bctv), each with distinct host range and insect vector species characteristics. from these studies, several indications as to the replication mechanism(s) a ...19873503890
[diet type, grinding size and anatomo-functional characteristics of the proximal digestive tract in the rabbit].two diets containing either dehydrated lucerne (40%) or dehydrated beet pulp (50%) both being coarsely (4 mm) of finely (1 mm) ground before pelleting, were fed to 120 rabbits after weaning. feed intake and weight gain were estimated. after 79 days, 11 rabbits in each group were slaughtered between 14.00 and 17.00 h. the parameters measured were stomach and ileal weights, dry matter, fibre and nitrogen contents, volatile fatty acid concentrations. gastric emptying and intestinal transit time wer ...19873659561
role of magnesium in the aetiology of ovine urolithiasis in fattening store lambs and intensively fattened lambs.high dietary levels of magnesium (greater than 2 g/kg drymatter [dm]) have been implicated as the main causal factor of urinary calculi in concentrate-fed lambs. experiments were performed to try to reproduce this effect of high magnesium (from added calcined magnesite) on the incidence of urolithiasis in lambs. in the first, store lambs were given diets containing magnesium in the following concentrations: a,2.9; b,8.6 g/km dm. twenty-four blackface lambs were each allocated to a and b and the ...19873660571
absence of urinary n-nitrosodimethylamine in fasting humans following alcohol consumption.fasted volunteers consumed 350 mg nitrate in beet juice; 1 h later, they consumed a volume of 10% alcohol in carbonated water sufficient to raise blood alcohol concentrations to at least 80 mg/100 ml. this alcohol concentration was then maintained over a 6-h period. during this period, and during the subsequent 12 h, no n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) or any other volatile nitrosamine was excreted in the urine of the volunteers (detection limit, 0.01 mumol). therefore, less than 0.5 mumol ndma is ...19873679389
[iron, manganese and cobalt levels in soil, pasture grass and bodies of young bulls after irrigation of the soil with waste water].the effect of irrigation of meadows with the water of the river. ner on the levels of iron, manganese and cobalt in the soil and vegetation was studied. experiments were also carried out on 30 young bulls fed with the hay grown on these meadows. the levels of iron and cobalt were determined in the blood plasma, and the manganese level in the hair of the bulls. the experiments were carried out twice during 93 days. the animals were divided into 3 groups. group i and ii received the hay from the i ...19873697343
[determination of delta aminolevulinic acid in the urine of cows in acute mass lead poisoning].the concentration of delta aminolevulinic acid (ala) in the urine of dead heifers (n = 3), diseased cows (n = 13) and clinically healthy cows (n = 29) was determined in the course of acute mass intoxication with lead. at the same time, the content of lead was determined in kidney, liver, in rumen contents of dead heifers and in the beet pulp fed to the animals. the ala concentrations were converted to values per uniform specific weight of urine and per gram of creatinine secreted with urine. as ...19873111065
comparison of populations of human faecal bacteria before and after in vitro incubation with plant cell wall substrates.human faecal slurries were incubated anaerobically with larchwood xylan, oat spelt xylan, wheat bran, apple cell walls or sugar beet pulp as sole carbon sources. the populations which developed during incubation were different from the inoculum, the most marked changes being an increase in the number of bacteroides species and a decrease in the number of fusobacterium species for all carbon sources tested. with a water-soluble preparation of larchwood xylan the population was dominated by specie ...19873036754
[effect of the addition of a fiber-rich concentrate to a hay-based diet, offered at 2 dietary levels to adult rabbits. 1. mean retention time of digesta].the influence of adding a fibre rich concentrate feed (wheat bran or beet pulp) to a hay-based diet (orchard grass-lucerne mixture; 50/50) upon the rate of passage of digesta of these two fractions (hay and concentrate) was measured in three groups of 8 adult doe rabbits (white new zealand x california). the three diets composed of either 90% hay, or hay + bran or hay + pulp were offered at two levels of feeding, i.e. ad libitum and 2/3 ad libitum. the retention time of the two main fractions wa ...19873039619
the effect of vegetables and beet fibre on the absorption of zinc in humans from composite meals.1. the absorption of zinc in humans from composite meals, was determined by extrinsic labelling of the meals with 65zn and measurement of the whole-body retention of the radioisotope. 2. low-zn (mean 25 mumol) chicken meals with 150 g white bread or 225 g potatoes, carrots, turnips, cabbage or green peas were studied. the effect of a beet-pulp-fibre preparation used as a breakfast cereal, in bread and as a meat extender on zn absorption was also studied. 3. the mean percentage absorption from th ...19873040077
[effect of the addition of a fiber-rich concentrate to a hay-based diet, offered at two levels of feeding in the adult rabbit. 2. measurements of digestibility].the effect of adding a fibre-rich concentrate (wheat bran or beet pulp) to a hay-based diet (cook's foot-lucerne: 50/50) on the apparent digestibility of diets was measured in three groups of 8 adult doe rabbits (new-zealand white x californian). diet composition was as follows: 90% hay only (diet f), hay + bran (diet fs) or hay + pulp (diet fp). two levels of feeding were tested: ad libitum and 2/3 of ad libitum intake. addition of wheat bran and especially of beet pulp led to a significant inc ...19872821593
fibre and the diabetic diet. an evaluation of the metabolic response to standardized meals.dietary fibre has a beneficial influence on glucose homeostasis, varying for different fibre sources. fruit, wheat, rye and beet fibre were studied in isoenergetic meals for nidd patients and healthy volunteers. the effects of extrusion cooking and flaking were also evaluated. the metabolic response was followed by continuous glucose monitoring and by analyses of pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones as well as plasma lipid concentrations, for nidd patients the effects, reflected in the area ...19872889321
the halobacterial h+-translocating atp synthase relates to the eukaryotic anion-sensitive h+-atpase.the h+-translocating atp synthase of halobacterium halobium (y. mukohata and m. yoshida (1987) j. biochem. 102, 797-802) includes a catalytic moiety of 320 kda which is isolated as an azide-insensitive atpase (t. nanba and y. mukohata (1987) j. biochem. 102, 591-598). the polyclonal antibody against this archaebacterial atpase cross-reacts with the anion-sensitive h+-atpase of red beet, beta vulgaris, tonoplast as well as with another archaebacterial atpase from sulfolobus acidocaldarius. the af ...19872892466
mechanism of action of pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin, syringomycin : stimulation of red beet plasma membrane atpase activity.syringomycin, a peptide toxin produced by the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv syringae preferentially stimulated (2-fold) the vanadate-sensitive atpase activity associated with the plasma membrane of red beet storage tissue. the toxin had a very slight effect on the tonoplast atpase and had no detectable effect on the mitochondrial atpase. optimal stimulation was achieved with 10 to 50 micrograms of syringomycin per 25 micrograms of membrane protein. treatment of membranes with 0.1% (weigh ...198716665211
contributions of sucrose synthase and invertase to the metabolism of sucrose in developing leaves : estimation by alternate substrate utilization.the relative contributions of invertase and sucrose synthase to initial cleavage of phloem-imported sucrose was calculated for sink leaves of soybean (glycine max l. merr cv wye) and sugar beet (beta vulgaris l. monohybrid). invertase from yeast hydrolyzed sucrose 4200 times faster than 1'-deoxy-1'-fluorosucrose (fs) while sucrose cleavage by sucrose synthase from developing soybean leaves proceeded only 3.6 times faster than cleavage of fs. [(14)c]sucrose and [(14)c]fs, used as tracers of sucro ...198716665711
bacterial phytotoxin, syringomycin, induces a protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of red beet plasma membrane polypeptides.syringomycin, a peptide toxin and a virulence factor produced by the bacterial phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, stimulated the phosphorylation of several plasma membrane polypeptides of red beet storage tissue. among these was a 100-kda polypeptide, which corresponds in size to the proton pump atpase. the phosphorylations were insensitive to hydroxylamine, indicating that the polypeptide phosphorylated intermediates involved phosphate ester bonds characteristic of protein kinase- ...198716578820
h-atpase activity from storage tissue of beta vulgaris: iv. n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide binding and inhibition of the plasma membrane h-atpase.the molecular weight and isoelectric point of the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase from red beet storage tissue were determined using n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (dccd) and a h(+)-atpase antibody. when plasma membrane vesicles were incubated with 20 micromolar [(14)c]-dccd at 0 degrees c, a single 97,000 dalton protein was visualized on a fluorograph of a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel. a close correlation between [(14)c]dccd labeling of the 97,000 dalton protein and the extent of atpase ...198716665290
reproduction of the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schm. on transformed root cultures of beta vulgaris l.transformed hairy root cultures of beta vulgaris l., grown in petri-dishes, were inoculated with a suspension of surface-sterilized larvae of the beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schm. larvae developed into both male and female adults. juvenile larvae were hatched from the newly-formed cysts, indicating that fertilization had occurred. results of a glasshouse test showed that h. schachtii did not lose its pathogenicity after being cultured on transformed roots. this technique can be devel ...198724248851
efficacy of using split and postplant applications of aldicarb for control of helerodera schachtii on sugarbeet.soil temperature at planting and initial population densities (pi) significantly affected (p < 0.05) the chemical control of heterodera schachtii on sugarbeet, beta vulgaris. the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) at 9.4 g/m of row effectively controlled h. schachtii, resulting in increased sugarbeet yields over the nontreated control treatment at soil temperatures at planting of 8, 12, and 16 c and pi of 4.7, 10.4, and 18.3 eggs/cm(3) at planting. a split application of aldicarb, 1.3 g/m of r ...198719290290
influence of internal sugar levels on apoplasmic retrieval of exogenous sucrose in source leaf tissue.sugar levels in beta vulgaris leaves were increased by heat-girdling the petiole and returning the plant to the controlled-environment chamber for 10 and 34 hours. after 10 hours, sucrose influx into the treated leaves was similar to the controls, although sucrose levels increased from 2.1 to 5.3 micromoles per milligram chlorophyll. however, after a 34-hour treatment, sucrose levels increased from 2.1 to 11.5 micromoles per milligram chlorophyll. in this instance, sucrose influx decreased relat ...198716665567
synthesis and antifungal activity of 4-thiazol-2-yl-5-aminopyrazoles and 4-aminopyrazolo [3,4-c] isothiazoles.starting from 4-thiocarbamoyl-5-aminopyrazoles (i), the aa could prepare two series of products: 4-thiazol-2-yl-5-aminopyrazoles (ii) and 4-aminopyrazolo [3,4-c] isothiazoles (iii). the screening for in vitro antifungal activity evidenced that compounds (iii) are effective in controlling most examined fungi; in particular 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-aminopyrazolo [3,4-c] isothiazole (iii a) at the concentration of 20 p.p.m. completely inhibited the growth of pythium ultimum and corticium solani, respons ...19873569507
calcium transport in sealed vesicles from red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue : ii. characterization of ca uptake into plasma membrane vesicles.calcium uptake was examined in sealed plasma membrane vesicles isolated from red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue using (45)ca(2+). uptake of (45)ca(2+) by the vesicles was atp-dependent and radiotracer accumulated by the vesicles could be released by the addition of the calcium ionophore a23187. the uptake was stimulated by gramicidin d but slightly inhibited by carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. although the latter result might suggest some degree of indirect coupling of (45)ca(2+) ...198716665817
calcium transport in sealed vesicles from red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue : i. characterization of a ca-pumping atpase associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.calcium transport was examined in microsomal membrane vesicles from red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue using chlorotetracycline as a fluorescent probe. this probe demonstrates an increase in fluorescence corresponding to calcium accumulation within the vesicles which can be collapsed by the addition of the calcium ionophore a23187. calcium uptake in the microsomal vesicles was atp dependent and completely inhibited by orthovanadate. centrifugation of the microsomal membrane fraction on a ...198716665816
the permeability of electroporated cells and protoplasts of sugar beet.a simple method has been developed to determine the changes in permeability of protoplasts and intact cells when electroporated. cells and protoplasts of sugar beet, beta vulgaris l., were subjected to electric pulse treatments of different field strengths, pulse number and pulse duration, and the ability to accumulate and retain the hydrophilic dye phenosafranine was determined spectrophotometrically. results of timecourse studies of phenosafranine accumulation and retention indicated that pore ...198724225918
microelectrode measurements on red beet vacuole : biological effect of na or no(3) ions, diffusing from the microelectrode.glass microelectrodes filled with 3 molar kcl are widely used to measure intracellular potentials and it is usual to try to minimize their electrolyte loss. in these experiments we have used the ionic leak of our microelectrodes, filled with various salt solutions, to introduce a given ion into the red beet vacuole. this allowed us to show that no(3) (-) ions reduce the magnitude of the current spectral density while they do not change the resistance of the tonoplast. this is true when no(3) (-) ...198716665746
enzymatic hydrolysis of beer brewers' spent grain and the influence of pretreatments.the enzymatic saccharification of plant material has been shown to be of interest in various fields, such as the production of fruit juices(1,2) and the utilization of biomass.(3) a combination of cellulase, pectinase, and hemicellulases is usually used because of the chemical composition of the matrix of plant cell walls.for apples, beet pulp, and potato fiber, almost a complete hydrolysis of polysaccharides is obtained by combining cellulose and pectinase. for nonparenchymatic tissue, the situ ...198718581454
chaps solubilization and functional reconstitution of beta-glucan synthase from red beet root (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue.a method for the solubilization and reconstitution of red beet (1,3)-beta-d-glucan synthase with the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (chaps) was developed. glucan synthase was effectively solubilized from microsomal or plasma membranes by 0.6% chaps in the presence of egta and edta. chelators were found essential for effective solubilization and divalent cations inhibitory. a preextraction of membranes with 0.3% chaps and 5 millimolar mg(2+) prior to the sol ...198716665729
influence of mannose on the apoplasmic retrieval systems of source leaves.experiments were conducted in which d-mannose was supplied to mature beta vulgaris l. (sugar beet) leaves, via the transpiration stream, to perturb photosynthetic carbon allocation by sequestering cytosolic pi. biochemical and enzymic analyses conducted on this tissue indicated that mannose 6-p was present, that it was only slowly metabolized, and that after a 24-hour pretreatment sugar metabolism was slightly perturbed. however, sucrose retrieval by the mesophyll tissue was greatly impaired in ...198716665714
glyphosate effects on carbon assimilation, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity, and metabolite levels in sugar beet leaves.application of a 17-millimolar solution of glyphosate (glp) to sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves resulted in an immediate and rapid decline in the level of ribulose bisphosphate (rubp). phosphoglyceric acid level began to decrease about 2 hours following the decline in rubp level. photosynthesis rate declined linearly with rubp level, but only when the rubp level had decreased to about twice the rubp carboxylase active site concentration. this occurred about 4 hours following glp-application. ...198716665704
glyphosate effects on carbon assimilation and gas exchange in sugar beet leaves.the mechanism responsible for the inhibition of net carbon exchange (nce) which was reported previously (dr geiger et al. 1986 plant physiol 82: 468-472) was investigated by applying glyphosate [n-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] to exporting leaves of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). leaf internal co(2) concentration (c(i)) remained constant despite decreases in stomatal conductance and nce following glyphosate treatment, indicating that the cause of the inhibition was a slowing of carbon assimilation r ...198716665703
calcium-independent activation of two plant leaf calcium-regulated protein kinases by unsaturated fatty acids.two soluble ca2+-dependent protein kinases from silver beet leaves (enzymes i and ii) can be resolved from each other by chromatography on deae-cellulose. enzyme ii is substantially activated by arachidonic, oleic and linoleic acids in the absence of ca2+ but not at high ca2+ concentrations. stearic and arachidic acids do not substantially activate either enzyme at low free ca2+. enzyme i differs from enzyme ii in exhibiting a much lower degree of ca2+-independent activation by unsaturated fatty ...19873663208
cytoplasmic male sterility and nuclear restorer genes in a natural population of beta maritima: genetical and molecular aspects.one natural population (f0 generation) of beta maritima situated on the french atlantic coast has been analysed. it was composed of 62% female, 30% hermaphrodite and 8% intermediate plants. the analysis of half-sib progeny (f1 generation) obtained from in situ open pollination demonstrates the cytoplasmic determination of male sterility in beta maritima and the restoration of fertility by nuclear genes. the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) and the chloroplast dna (ctdna) of sixteen f1 plants, extracted ...198724241183
inhibition of na/h antiport activity in sugar beet tonoplast by analogs of amiloride.the effects of amiloride and a series of amiloride analogs have been tested on the na(+)/h(+) antiport activity in intact vacuoles and tonoplast vesicles isolated from sugar beet cell suspension cultures. there is a competitive interaction between amiloride analogs and sodium. substitution of one or both h-atoms of the 5-amino group of amiloride (apparent k(i) about 150 micromolar) resulted in a 3- to 200-fold increase in inhibitory potency of the antiport activity.198716665675
[functional activity of the glutathione-ascorbic acid system in sugar beet growers]. 19873424752
sucrose phosphatase associated with vacuole preparations from red beet, sugar beet, and immature sugarcane stem.the specific phosphatase, sucrose phosphate phosphohydrolase (sucrose phosphatase, ec 3.1.3.24) was present in vacuole preparations from storage tissue of red beet (beta vulgaris l.), sugar beet (beta vulgaris l. cultivar kawemono), and immature sugarcane (saccharum spp. hybrid, cultivar nco 310). in red beet vacuole preparations the specific activity of sucrose phosphatase, using the naturally occurring vacuole marker, betanin, as reference, was higher than the specific activity of cytoplasmic ...198716665598
proton transport in plasma membrane and tonoplast vesicles from red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue : a comparative study of ion effects on deltaph and deltapsi.the proton transport properties of plasma membrane and tonoplast vesicles isolated from red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue were examined and compared. membrane vesicles isolated with 250 millimolar kcl in the homogenization media and recovered at low density following sucrose density gradient centrifugation displayed characteristics of proton transport (nitrate inhibition, no inhibition by orthovanadate, ph optimum of 7.75, pyrophosphate-driven proton transport) which were consistent wit ...198716665490
(1-->3)-beta-d-glucan synthase from sugar beet : ii. product inhibition by udp.the mode of inhibition of udp, one of the products of the reaction catalyzed by (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan synthase in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) was investigated. in the absence of added udp, the enzyme, in the presence of ca(2+), mg(2+), and cellobiose, exhibited michaelis-menten kinetics and had an apparent k(m) of 260 micromolar for udp-glucose. complex effects on the kinetics of the (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan synthase were observed in the presence of udp. at high udp-glucose concentrations, i.e. g ...198716665479
sterol conjugates of two phenotypically different calli of beta vulgaris.steryl glycosides are the predominant form of sterol at 88% of the total sterol in non-betalain producing calli of beta vulgaris. the total sterol decreases and sterol form shifts from steryl glycosides to 97% free sterol upon the transition of non-betalain to betalain producing calli. a substantial decrease in stigmasterol (24α--ethylcholesta-5,22e-dien-3β-ol) and sitosterol (24α-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol) levels is observed during this transition, and alters the ratio of δ(7):δ(5) sterols. spina ...198724248657
effects of fusicoccin and abscisic acid on glucose uptake into isolated beetroot protoplasts.uptake of glucose, 3-o-methylglucose and sucrose into beetroot protoplasts is considerably stimulated by 10(-6)m fusicoccin. this effect is decreased in the presence of 10mm na(+) or k(+), 2 mm mg(2+) or ca(2+). whereas fusicoccin causes no change in the ph-optimum of the sugar uptake (ph 5.0), the apparent km of this uptake which obeys a biphasic kinetics is decreased by the action of fusicoccin. in the protoplast suspension, fusicoccin induces an acidification which is suppressed by uncoupling ...198724227331
selective production of sealed plasma membrane vesicles from red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue.modification of our previous procedure for the isolation of microsomal membrane vesicles from red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue allowed the recovery of sealed membrane vesicles displaying proton transport activity sensitive to both nitrate and orthovanadate. in the absence of a high salt concentration in the homogenization medium, contributions of nitrate-sensitive (tonoplast) and vanadate-sensitive (plasma membrane) proton transport were roughly equal. the addition of 0.25 m kcl to the ...19872437861
in vitro induction of haploid plants from unpollinated ovules and ovaries of the sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.).haploid plantlets from male fertile and male sterile sugarbeet plants could be induced at frequencies up to 2.2% using ovule culture. ovary culture on media without charcoal resulted in a similar induction frequency. plant development was inhibited by callus development originating from the mother tissue. when the callus parts were removed and the ovule transferred to a new medium without 2,4 d, callus formation could be inhibited by adding 0.5% charcoal to the medium. up to 6.1% haploids were i ...198724241304
partial purification of digitonin-solubilized beta-glucan synthase from red beet root.an enriched glucan synthase fraction was obtained from red beet root microsomes by sequential extraction with the detergents 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate and digitonin. the digitonin suspension was centrifuged on a glycerol gradient, where a glucan synthase peak with a specific activity of 30- to 40-fold over microsomes was recovered. most protein contaminants were found in the gradient pellet. the glucan synthase-containing fraction was largely free of plasma membra ...198716665376
salt tolerance in suspension cultures of sugar beet : induction of na/h antiport activity at the tonoplast by growth in salt.cell suspension cultures of sugar beet were grown at various salinities (0-200 millimolar nacl). their tolerance to na(+) was comparable to that of the intact plant. tonoplast vesicles were prepared by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of microsomal membranes and shown to be highly purified. the vesicles were subjected to a ph jump in the presence of acridine orange and the rate of recovery of fluorescence after addition of na(+) was used as a measure of na(+)-dependent h(+) efflux. in the ...198716665356
the regulation of turgor pressure during sucrose mobilisation and salt accumulation by excised storage-root tissue of red beet.the changes in turgor pressure that accompany the mobilisation of sucrose and accumulation of salts by excised disks of storage-root tissue of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) have been investigated. disks were washed in solutions containing mannitol until all of their sucrose had disappeared and then were transferred to solutions containing 5 mol·m(-3) kcl+5 mol·m(-3) nacl in addition to the mannitol. changes in solute contents, osmotic pressure and turgor pressure (measured with a pressure probe) w ...198724232965
the influence of atmospheric humidity on leaf expansion in beta vulgaris l.humidity effects on leaf expansion in sugar beets (beta vulgaris l.) were explored using linear variable differential transducers. in continuous light, an increase in relative humidity (rh) from 35 to 61 or 75% resulted in a rapid increase in leaf extension which was maintained for 10-15 min before slowing down. increasing rh from 35 to 85% increased leaf-extension rate (ler) in light and in dark and substantially diminished the ratio of dark ler to light ler, showing that high humidity can offs ...198724232963
membrane transport in isolated vesicles from sugarbeet taproot: iii. effects of fluoride on atpase activity and transport.the effects of fluoride on the tonoplast type atpase and transport activities associated with sealed membrane vesicles isolated from sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue were examined. this anion had two distinct effects upon the proton-pumping vesicles. when atp hydrolysis was measured in the presence of gramicidin d, significant inhibition (approximately 50%) only occurred when the fluoride concentration approached 50 millimolar. in contrast, the same degree of inhibition of proton tran ...198716665312
clonal variability and light induction of betalain synthesis in red beet cell cultures.when calli from a green habituated cell culture of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) are transfered from dim-light to high-light intensity, red colored spots appear on the surface. not all cells express the pigmented phenotype, giving rise to variegated patches. the pattern of patch formation is different from one callus to another, although all calluses stem from the same original clone. this clonal variability is an intrinsic property of the tissue and is not affected by light which is only needed f ...198724248443
the nucleotide sequences of 5s ribosomal rnas from two plants: rape and white beet. 19873822808
transient gene expression in electroporated protoplasts and intact cells of sugar beet.factors influencing the transient expression of introduced foreign dna in electroporated protoplasts and intact cells of sugar beet were determined by assaying for the activity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat), using a rectangular pulse generating system. extractable cat activity depended upon 1) applied plasmid dna concentration, 2) protoplast density, 3) the interaction between pulse field strength, duration, number, time interval between pulses and the resultant effect on culture vi ...198724277462
beta chloroplast genomes: analysis of fraction i protein and chloroplast dna variation.the interrelationships of beta chloroplast genomes have been investigated on the basis of the analysis of fraction i protein and chloroplast (ct) dna. three groups of the chloroplast genomes could be demonstrated by the difference in isoelectric points of the large subunit of fraction i protein. restriction enzyme analysis revealed inter- and intra-specific variations among the ctdnas, which enabled us to detect seven distinct ctdna types. in vulgares and corollinae species, the observed differe ...198724240991
phloem unloading in developing leaves of sugar beet : ii. termination of phloem unloading.phloem unloading in developing leaves of beta vulgaris l. (;klein e' multigerm) occurred from successively higher order branches of veins as leaves matured. phloem unloading was studied in autoradiographs of leaf samples taken at various times during the arrival of a pulse of (14)c-labeled photoassimilate. extension of mass flow of sieve element contents into leaf vein branches was determined from the high level of radiolabel in veins soon after first arrival of the pulse. rapid entry, indicativ ...198716665214
zinc, copper and nickel concentrations in soil extracts and crops grown on four soils treated with metalloaded sewage sludges.sludges containing high concentrations of zinc, copper or nickel and an uncontaminated sludge were added to two sandy loams (ph 6.5 and 7.1), a heavy clay (ph 6.3) and a calcareous clay (ph 7.8) to give ten sludge treatments for each soil. the mixtures were incubated fallow, cropped continuously with clover, or cropped with barley and red beet in rotation for 21 months. the quantity of added metal either in the soil solution or extracted by 0.1m cacl(2) depended on the metal loading, ph and soil ...198715092771
the use of a chloride-sensitive fluorescent probe to measure chloride transport in isolated tonoplast vesicles.a fluorescence method for the direct measurement of cl(-) transport in isolated tonoplast vesicles is described. this technique utilises the cl(-)-sensitive fluorescent compound, 6-methoxy-1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)quinolinium (spq). this is a water-soluble compound with excitation and emission wavelengths of 350 and 440 nm, respectively. its fluorescence is quenched by cl(-), br(-), i(-), scn(-), no 2 (-) and tetraphenylborate but not by no 3 (-) , so 4 (2-) , iminodiacetate or malate. these effects ...198824220941
transport properties of the tomato fruit tonoplast : iii. temperature dependence of calcium transport.calcium transport into tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill, cv castlemart) fruit tonoplast vesicles was studied. calcium uptake was stimulated approximately 10-fold by mgatp. two atp-dependent ca(2+) transport activities could be resolved on the basis of sensitivity to nitrate and affinity for ca(2+). a low affinity ca(2+) uptake system (k(m) > 200 micromolar) was inhibited by nitrate and ionophores and is thought to represent a tonoplast localized h(+)/ca(2+) antiport. a high affinity ca(2+) u ...198816666428
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