Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| toxicity in head lice treatment. | 2003 | 14650779 | |
| human lice and their control. | current research on human louse biology has focused on the long-standing debate about speciation of head and body lice but using new tools of dna and enzyme analysis. these studies have indicated that head and body lice from the same geographical zone may be more closely allied than insects inhabiting the same ecological niche in other regions. however, the majority of research over the past decade has involved clinical aspects including transmission, treatment, and the appearance and identifica ... | 2004 | 14651472 |
| pediculosis. | the 3 major lice that infest humans are pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), pthirus pubis (crab louse), and pediculus humanus humanus (body louse). patients with louse infestation present with scalp pruritus, excoriations, cervical lymphadenopathy, and conjunctivitis. a hypersensitivity rash, or pediculid, may mimic a viral exanthem. head lice infestation crosses all economic and social boundaries, whereas body lice infestation preferentially affects the homeless and displaced. body lice are ... | 2004 | 14699358 |
| cloning and characterization of a trypsin-encoding cdna of the human body louse pediculus humanus. | from a cdna library of the whole insect, a trypsin gene of pediculus humanus has been cloned and sequenced. the 908 bp clone has an open reading frame of 759 bp, which encodes a pre-proenzyme with 253 amino acid residues. a sixteen-residue n-terminal signal peptide is followed by a twelve-residue activation peptide with putative cleavage sites at gly16 and tyr28. the deduced amino acid sequence has several features typical of trypsin proteases and an overall identity of 35-43% with the trypsins ... | 2004 | 14728662 |
| follow-up: finding hard-to-find head lice. | 2004 | 15002395 | |
| inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by tea tree oil. | pediculosis is a widespread condition reported in schoolchildren. treatment most commonly involves the physical removal of nits using fine-toothcombs and the chemical treatment of adult lice and eggs with topical preparations. the active constituents of these preparations frequently exert their effects through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7). increasing resistance to many preparations has led to the search for more effective treatments. tea tree oil, otherwise known as mela ... | 2004 | 15025863 |
| ectoparasites--the underestimated realm. | context: ectoparasitoses (infestations with parasites that live on or in the skin) can cause considerable morbidity. whereas pediculosis and scabies are ubiquitous, cutaneous larva migrans and tungiasis (sand-flea disease) occur mainly in hot climates. the prevalence of ectoparasitoses in the general population is usually low, but can be high in vulnerable groups. scientific knowledge on how to deal best with parasitic skin diseases in different settings is scanty, and evidence-based measures fo ... | 2004 | 15032237 |
| head lice revisited: in vitro standardized tests and differences in malathion formulations. | 2004 | 15096384 | |
| ovicidal and adulticidal activity of eucalyptus globulus leaf oil terpenoids against pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | the toxic effects of eucalyptus globulus leaf oil-derived monoterpenoids [1,8-cineole, l-phellandrene, (-)-alpha-pinene, 2-beta-pinene, trans-pinocarveol, gamma-terpinene, and 1-alpha-terpineol] and the known eucalyptusleaf oil terpenoids (beta-eudesmol and geranyl acetate) on eggs and females of the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, were examined using direct contact and fumigation bioassays and compared with the lethal activity of delta-phenothrin and pyrethrum, two commonly used pe ... | 2004 | 15113148 |
| relationship of treatment-resistant head lice to the safety and efficacy of pediculicides. | head lice infestation is a common and growing problem that primarily affects school-aged children. most cases of head lice are diagnosed and treated by nonphysicians. misdiagnosis may lead to treatment when no lice are present. treatment failure may lead to repeated use of and improperly applied pediculicides, potentially resulting in overexposure to pesticides. these treatment failures are primarily due to the emergence of treatment-resistant lice. in regions where resistant lice are common, pa ... | 2004 | 15132409 |
| the sex ratio distortion in the human head louse is conserved over time. | at the turn of the 19th century the first observations of a female-biased sex ratio in broods and populations of the head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, had been reported. a study by buxton in 1940 on the sex ratio of lice on prisoners in ceylon is still today the subject of reanalyses. this sex ratio distortion had been detected in ten different countries. in the last sixty years no new data have been collected, especially on scalp infestations under economically and socially more developed ... | 2004 | 15140268 |
| semi-automated quantification of ivermectin in rat and human plasma using protein precipitation and filtration with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. | ivermectin is a parasiticide commonly used in humans and livestock. it is currently under development for the treatment of pediculosis of humans (head lice) that does not respond to established treatments. a liquid chromatography/turbo ion spray tandem mass spectrometry (lc/tis-ms/ms) method for the determination of ivermectin in rat and human plasma has been developed that uses emamectin [4"-epi-(methylamino)-4"-deoxyavermectin] as the internal standard. sample preparation involved protein prec ... | 2004 | 15174180 |
| managing head lice in an era of increasing resistance to insecticides. | head lice are present in all age groups, however, the peak age for infestation is 7-8 years and the incidence varies throughout the year with higher incidence during the winter. different insecticides have been used over the past 60 years to manage this condition. there is now strong evidence of insecticide resistance established in many countries to such an extent that some of these chemicals have become obsolete. resistance to some pediculicides can vary from country to country and region to r ... | 2004 | 15186196 |
| infestation of people with lice in kathmandu and pokhara, nepal. | the prevalence of infestation with head lice and body lice, pediculus spp. (phthiraptera: pediculidae) and pubic (crab) lice pthirus pubis (l.) (phthiraptera: pthiridae), was recorded from 484 people in nepal. the prevalence of head lice varied from 16% in a sample of people aged 10-39 years of age, to 59% in street children. simultaneous infestations with head and body lice (double infestations) varied from 18% in slum children to 59% in street children. | 2004 | 15189249 |
| pediculosis capitis among schoolchildren in urban and rural areas of eastern poland. | the objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of head pediculosis in the rural and urban environments of lublin province (eastern poland) in 1996-2000 and to examine socioeconomic factors influencing distribution among schoolchildren. a total of 95,153 schoolchildren living in urban and rural areas were examined twice yearly by school nurses. the overall rate of head pediculosis differs significantly between rural (1.59%) and urban (0.48%) schools in eastern poland. children between ... | 2004 | 15233324 |
| economic considerations associated with pediculus humanus capitis infestation. | an estimated 6 to 12 million head lice infestations occur in the united states annually, with children ages 3 to 12 most likely to be affected. there are significant direct costs associated with treatment and indirect costs due to lost time from school. anecdotal reports suggest that direct costs of treatment are in the hundreds of millions of dollars annually. indirect costs are also substantial but more difficult to quantify. examples of indirect costs include missed days from schools that use ... | 2004 | 15248004 |
| insecticidal activity of plant essential oils against pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | the insecticidal activity of 54 plant essential oils against female pediculus humanus capitis de geer was examined using direct contact and fumigation methods, and compared with the lethal activity of delta-phenothrin and pyrethrum, two commonly used pediculicides. in a filter paper contact bioassay with female p. humanus capitis, the pediculicidal activity was more pronounced in eucalyptus, marjoram, pennyroyal, and rosemary oils than in delta-phenothrin and pyrethrum on the basis of lt50 value ... | 2004 | 15311463 |
| use of human lice in forensic entomology. | hematophagus arthropod bloodmeals may be useful in identifying individual hosts. to examine the application of human lice as a forensic tool, that is, as evidence of physical contact between individuals, body lice from a laboratory colony and head lice, collected from the head of infested children, were studied. the dna profile of an individual was detectable in the pooled bloodmeals of two body lice, up to 20 h postfeeding. a mixed dna profile of two hosts was identifiable in the pooled bloodme ... | 2004 | 15311479 |
| [ivermectin]. | ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of a macrocyclic lactone. it causes paralysis in many nematodes and arthropodes because of its effect on ion-channels in cell membranes. ivermectin was first used in veterinary medicine. in man, it was shown to be microfilaricid against onchocerca volvulus. most of the adverse reactions following treatment were mild, without the systemic and ocular side effects usually complicating diethylcarbamazine therapy. in endemic areas after repeated administratio ... | 2004 | 15318139 |
| feedback from community pharmacy users on the contribution of community pharmacy to improving the public's health: a systematic review of the peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed literature 1990-2002. | to systematically review feedback from pharmacy users on their perceptions and experiences of health-related advice and services provided from community pharmacies. | 2004 | 15327458 |
| a simple treatment for head lice: dry-on, suffocation-based pediculicide. | the emergence of drug-resistant lice has created the need for new therapies. this study assesses a new method without neurotoxins, extensive household cleaning, or nit removal. | 2004 | 15342886 |
| guest editorial: eliminating head lice: itching to do the research. | 2004 | 15361151 | |
| pediculosis and scabies. | pediculosis and scabies are caused by ectoparasites; patients usually present with itching. head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by the visualization of insects or viable nits (eggs). primary treatment is topically administered 1 percent permethrin. malathion is one alternative for treatment failures. the importance of environmental measures to prevent infestation is a matter of controversy. pubic lice are treated the same as head lice, but this finding should prompt evaluation for oth ... | 2004 | 14765774 |
| information from your family doctor. head lice. | 2004 | 14765775 | |
| efficacy of a reduced application time of ovide lotion (0.5% malathion) compared to nix creme rinse (1% permethrin) for the treatment of head lice. | our objective was to conduct a randomized, investigator-blinded evaluation of the pediculicidal and ovicidal activity of a reduced application time (20 minutes) of ovide (0.5% malathion) compared to nix (1% permethrin) in a south florida population infested with pediculus humanus capitis. either ovide or nix was applied according to the label instructions. however, ovide application time was reduced to 20 minutes. at day 8, subjects with live lice were re-treated with the same product and proced ... | 2004 | 15575855 |
| head lice prevalence in primary schools in victoria, australia. | to determine the prevalence of and assess risk factors associated with head lice infections (pediculosis) in children from government primary schools in victoria, australia. | 2004 | 15469530 |
| simple and effective treatment for head lice. | 2004 | 15469684 | |
| acinetobacter baumannii in human body louse. | while we were isolating bartonella quintana from body lice, 40 acinetobacter baumannii strains were also isolated and genotyped. one clone was unique and the other was ampicillin susceptible. a. baumannii dna was later detected in 21% of 622 lice collected worldwide. these findings show an a. baumannii epidemic in human body lice. | 2004 | 15498175 |
| genetic analysis of lice supports direct contact between modern and archaic humans. | parasites can be used as unique markers to investigate host evolutionary history, independent of host data. here we show that modern human head lice, pediculus humanus, are composed of two ancient lineages, whose origin predates modern homo sapiens by an order of magnitude (ca. 1.18 million years). one of the two louse lineages has a worldwide distribution and appears to have undergone a population bottleneck ca. 100,000 years ago along with its modern h. sapiens host. phylogenetic and populatio ... | 2004 | 15502871 |
| overview: the state of head lice management and control. | head lice infestations affect millions of people in the united states. children become infested more often than adults and account for the largest percentage of infestations. head lice have not been shown to transfer disease, and they are not associated with serious morbidity. the most common effect of lice infestation is pruritus of the scalp with occasional cutaneous infection caused by scratching. nevertheless, many schools have "no-nit" policies, which require the dismissal of children from ... | 2004 | 15515629 |
| clinical update on resistance and treatment of pediculosis capitis. | the anatomy and physiology of head lice make them extremely adaptable to their human hosts but also difficult to eradicate. their coloring and small size make them difficult to see, and the larvae, or nymphs, have multiple exoskeletons for protection. when exposed to pediculicides, a nymph can shed its outer exoskeleton and receive only a sublethal dose. through natural selection, head lice have developed resistance to commonly used pediculicides, making it increasingly difficult to eliminate in ... | 2004 | 15515630 |
| american academy of pediatrics guidelines for the prevention and treatment of head lice infestation. | the american academy of pediatrics (aap) established diagnosis and treatment guidelines for pediculosis in 2002. ideally, diagnosis should be based on the observation of a live louse. the presence of nits is also used by many people to positively diagnose an infestation, although a nit located farther from the scalp than 1 cm is unlikely to be viable. other material on the scalp may be mistaken for nits, leading to misdiagnosis. because lice are not associated with serious medical problems, the ... | 2004 | 15515631 |
| treating and managing head lice: the school nurse perspective. | school nurses often are the first healthcare professionals to diagnose lice infestations in children. although lice do not transmit disease, many schools send children home if they detect live head lice. it is the position of the national association of school nurses that children who have been treated for lice infestations should not be excluded from school because of the presence of residual nits. the primary goals of the school nurse in controlling infestations are to identify children with h ... | 2004 | 15515632 |
| head lice treatment costs and the impact on managed care. | the number of head lice infestations occurring annually in the united states is estimated at 6 million to 12 million. although a formal economic analysis of head lice treatments has not been conducted, the direct cost of treatment can be roughly estimated by considering the costs of pediculicides and taking into consideration that patients may self-treat up to 5 times before seeking medical care. added to the direct costs of treatment are indirect costs because of lost school days and lost produ ... | 2004 | 15515633 |
| faculty discussion: definitive management of head lice in the era of pediculicide resistance. | 2004 | 15515634 | |
| head lice. a common nuisance. | 2004 | 15551447 | |
| [prevalence and parasitism intensity by pediculus humanus capitis in six to eleven-year-old schoolchildren]. | the aim of this work was to determine head lice parasitism intensity by pediculus humanus capitis and its variation, according to both gender and age in 181 school children of a primary school. the intensity was higher among 6 to 8-year-old girls. pediculosis intensity diminishes significantly between 9 and 11 years of age in both sexes. | 2004 | 15765602 |
| a better way to treat head lice? | 2004 | 15599960 | |
| repellency of citronella for head lice: double-blind randomized trial of efficacy and safety. | head lice move easily from head to head. the lack of safe, effective repellents leads to reinfestation. | 2004 | 15609890 |
| home remedies to control head lice: assessment of home remedies to control the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | as the frequency and level of pediculicide resistance increases throughout the world, the need for novel solutions to control pediculosis has intensified. the development and registration of new pesticides has become so costly that many chemical companies are unwilling to pursue it and health-care providers now face a serious lack of new commercial pediculicides. many infested people resort to using "home-remedy" approaches that have not been scientifically tested. in this article, we examined t ... | 2004 | 15637580 |
| head lice. | 2004 | 15652106 | |
| head lice infestations: a clinical update. | 2004 | 19675856 | |
| pediculicidal activity of certain plant essential oils against head lice pediculus humanus capitis. | this paper reports the pediculicidal activity of certain monoterpenoids of plant essential oils compared to several anti-head lice formulations. it also reports the molecular features required for a chemical to kill head lice. live adult pediculus humanus capitus were collected from children living in the qabary area, alexandria, egypt and used in in vitro bioassays. the data demonstrated that the commercial formulation, quick (0.5% malathion) was the most potent formulation against head lice, w ... | 2004 | 17265607 |
| ivermectin: pharmacology and application in dermatology. | ivermectin is a synthetic derivative of the antiparasitic class of compounds known as avermectins. it is a macrolide endectocide with activity against both endoparasites with cutaneous tropism (strongyloides stercoralis, ancylostoma braziliense, cochliomyia hominivorax, dermatobia hominis, filaria bancrofti, wucheria malayi, onchocerca volvulus, loa-loa) and ectoparasites such as sarcoptes scabies, pediculus humanus, demodex folliculorum, and cheyletiella sp. ivermectin is of great interest in t ... | 2005 | 16409259 |
| method to measure force required to remove pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae) eggs from human hair. | head lice are very common and mainly affect children between 3 and 12 yr old. little is known about the way nits, the eggs of the head louse, are attached to the hair. in this report, an objective measurement procedure for the ease with which nits can be removed is presented. the first peak force, associated with the start of nit movement, and the average and maximal force during the sliding of the nit were measured. the three force variables correlated with the length of the cylinder by which t ... | 2005 | 15691015 |
| a non-chemical therapeutic modality for head lice. | 2005 | 15692498 | |
| a dermatologist's response to the american academy of pediatrics guidelines on head lice. | 2005 | 15696979 | |
| reliability of parental reports of head lice in their children. | 2005 | 15698361 | |
| pregnancy outcome following exposure to permethrin and use of teratogen information. | nix is a 1% permethrin creme rinse used for the treatment of head lice. there are no studies regarding human exposure during pregnancy. the primary objective of this study was to examine the safety of permethrin exposure during pregnancy. the secondary objective was to examine how teratogen information is perceived and used by women who requested information regarding this product. women who had called the motherisk and mothersafe programs to inquire about exposure to permethrin during pregnancy ... | 2005 | 15731987 |
| new head-lice treatments: hope or hype? | 2005 | 15639662 | |
| interesting case: cervical lymphadenopathy, induced by head lice. | 2005 | 16183181 | |
| ovicidal and adulticidal activities of cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil compounds and related compounds against pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculicidae). | the toxicity of cinnamon, cinnamomum zeylanicum, bark essential oil compounds against eggs and adult females of human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, was examined using direct contact and vapour phase toxicity bioassays and compared with the lethal activity of their related compounds, benzyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl acetate, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde, as well as two widely used pediculicides, d-phenothrin and pyrethrum. in a filter-paper contact toxicity bioassay w ... | 2005 | 16188263 |
| transmission potential of the human head louse, pediculus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | millions of people are infested by head lice every year. however, louse transfer between hosts is not well-understood. our goals were to determine: (1) which stages were most likely to disperse and why, (2) the likelihood of fomites transmission, and (3) if host blood gender affects louse development. | 2005 | 16207180 |
| serine proteinases of the human body louse (pediculus humanus): sequence characterization and expression patterns. | after the previous characterization of one trypsin gene (try1) of the human body louse pediculus humanus, genes encoding a second trypsin (try2) and a chymotrypsin (chy1) have been cloned using degenerate serine proteinase primers and 5'- and 3'-race, and sequenced. the deduced 259 and 267 amino acid sequences of try2 and chy1 show an identity of 33%-40% to trypsinogens and chymotrypsinogens of other insects. considering previously published partial sequences, p. humanus possesses at least one t ... | 2005 | 16211415 |
| effectiveness of ovide against malathion-resistant head lice. | 2005 | 16230576 | |
| unravelling the evolution of the head lice and body lice of humans. | recent studies of mitochondrial genes of the head and body lice of humans indicate that present-day lice comprise two lineages that diverged before the evolution of modern humans. to test if this was a locus-specific phenomenon, we studied two nuclear genes, elongation factor-1alpha (ef-1alpha) and small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna). our ssu rrna phylogeny was concordant with the phylogenies from mitochondrial genes, but the ef-1alpha phylogeny was not concordant either with the mitochondria ... | 2005 | 16249911 |
| [head lice and crab lice]. | 2005 | 16262119 | |
| cetaphil cleanser (nuvo lotion) cures head lice. | 2005 | 16322200 | |
| correlated evolution of host and parasite body size: tests of harrison's rule using birds and lice. | large-bodied species of hosts often harbor large-bodied parasites, a pattern known as harrison's rule. harrison's rule has been documented for a variety of animal parasites and herbivorous insects, yet the adaptive basis of the body-size correlation is poorly understood. we used phylogenetically independent methods to test for harrison's rule across a large assemblage of bird lice (insecta: phthiraptera). the analysis revealed a significant relationship between louse and host size, despite consi ... | 2005 | 16329244 |
| identification of sodium channel mutations in human head louse (anoplura: pediculidae) from denmark. | the presence of the two mutations t9291-l932f in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene associated with permethrin resistance (kdr-like) was shown in head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer, populations in denmark. the existence of one susceptible and one t929i-l932f haplotype based on the limited single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) of these sequences was established. one louse had an snp causing a g943a substitution in the trans-membrane segment five of domain ii on the sodium channel ... | 2005 | 16363167 |
| treatment of pediculosis capitis infested children with 1% permethrin shampoo in turkey. | pediculosis capitis (head lice) is an infestation that affects many children. although, there are a number of different treatment modalities, at the present study, we investigated the efficacy of permethrin in the treatment of pediculosis capitis in children. this study was carried out in 3 village primary schools in the kayseri region involving 185 of 712 school children infested with pediculus humanus capitis during a survey conducted in march 2001. it was found that 173 (97.29%) of the 178 st ... | 2005 | 16523649 |
| head lice. | 2005 | 16620480 | |
| drugs used in the treatment of pediculosis. | pediculosis is the result of infestation by one of two families of sucking lice. the pediculidae include the agents of head and body lice. pubic lice belong to the family pthiridae. pediculus humanus capitis (the head louse) and pediculus humanus humanus (the body louse) look identical. the two differ by the slightly larger size of the average body louse, as well as where they reside and deposit their eggs. head lice live in the scalp hair and deposit their ova on hair shafts. body lice live in ... | 2005 | 15776778 |
| factors associated with the rapid emergence of zoonotic bartonella infections. | within the last 15 years, several bacteria of the genus bartonella were recognized as zoonotic agents in humans and isolated from various mammalian reservoirs. based on either isolation of the bacterium or pcr testing, eight bartonella species or subspecies have been recognized as zoonotic agents, including b. henselae, b. elizabethae, b. grahamii, b. vinsonii subsp. arupensis, b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, b. grahamii, b. washoensis and more recently b. koehlerae. the present manuscript review ... | 2005 | 15845231 |
| nuvo lotion and the future of head-lice treatment. | 2005 | 15867085 | |
| excretion of living borrelia recurrentis in feces of infected human body lice. | louse-borne relapsing fever (lbrf), caused by borrelia recurrentis, is 1 of the most dangerous arthropod-borne diseases. infection is thought to occur through louse crushing. lice feces have not been shown to contain living borreliae. we infected 800 body lice by feeding them on a rabbit made spirochetemic by the injection of 2 x 106 borreliae. the life span of infected lice was not shortened. once infected, lice remained infected for life but did not transmit borreliae to their progeny or to nu ... | 2005 | 15871124 |
| [lice and lice-borne diseases in humans]. | among the three lice which parasite the human being, the human body louse, pediculus humanus humanus, is a vector of infectious diseases. it lives and multiplies in clothes and human infestation is associated with cold weather and a lack of hygiene. three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse: 1) rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus of which the most recent outbreak (and the largest since world war ii) was observed during the civil war in burundi; 2) borrelia recur ... | 2005 | 15903070 |
| [ivermectin]. | initial clinical trials in 1980 showed that ivermectin was remarkably effective against onchocerca volvulus. some 25 years after more than 50 million people are treated annually with mectizan mainly within the framework of the african programme for onchocerciasis control (apoc). this success has been possible thanks to merck mectizan donation program and to distribution through a novel strategy based on the strong involvement of endemic communities. in the last few years mectizan has been used i ... | 2005 | 15903082 |
| [drugs for head lice. toxicology and actions]. | 2005 | 15912989 | |
| genotoxic effects of pentachlorophenol, lindane, transfluthrin, cyfluthrin, and natural pyrethrum on human mucosal cells of the inferior and middle nasal conchae. | animal experiments and epidemiological studies suggest that pentachlorophenol (pcp) and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) should be classified as possible human carcinogens. in the past, both have had a variety of applications in the civilian and military sectors and in forestry. they have, e.g., been used to impregnate and treat uniforms and other fabrics and to control human lice. animal experiments indicate that pcp in particular causes mutations and chromosome aberrations and thus dna da ... | 2005 | 15921213 |
| the head and body lice of humans are genetically distinct (insecta: phthiraptera, pediculidae): evidence from double infestations. | little is known about the population genetics of the louse infestations of humans. we used microsatellite dna to study 11 double infestations, that is, hosts infested with head lice and body lice simultaneously. we tested for population structure on a host, and for population structure among seven hosts that shared sleeping quarters. we also sought evidence of migration among louse populations. our results showed that: (i) the head and body lice on these individual hosts were two genetically dis ... | 2005 | 15931254 |
| treatment of head louse infestation with 4% dimeticone lotion: randomised controlled equivalence trial. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4% dimeticone lotion for treatment of head louse infestation. | 2005 | 15951310 |
| increased monooxygenase activity associated with resistance to permethrin in pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae) from argentina. | we studied the profile of permethrin resistance in populations of head lice infesting children 6-12 yr old in schools and their homes in and around buenos aires, argentina. five permethrin-resistant populations with different levels of resistance were collected: hogar loyola (hl), republica de turquia (rt), hogar mitre (hm), guardia de honor (gh), and ricardo guiraldes (rg). one susceptible population, bandera argentina (ba), also was collected. their level of resistance was evaluated, and resul ... | 2005 | 15962785 |
| head lice: scientific assessment of the nit sheath with clinical ramifications and therapeutic options. | head lice, like many insects, produce a protective coating for their newly laid eggs that is essential to the survival of the species. knowledge of the composition of the sheath, which is the glue by which the egg is attached to human hair, and the nit laying process could lead to production of agents that could be used to attack louse infestations by interfering with the normally protected environment of nymph development within the egg. the physical removal of nits has become an important part ... | 2005 | 15965432 |
| shaving can be safer head lice treatment than insecticides. | 2005 | 15976435 | |
| head lice in children--a modern pandemic. | 2005 | 16010790 | |
| decreasing malathion application time for lice treatment reduces transdermal absorption. | head lice are the most common parasitic infestation in the united states requiring topical treatment with pediculicides. ovide, the 0.5% malathion formulation used in treatment of head lice requires placement on dry hair for 8-12 h. malathion, however, is effective at killing lice and nits in 10 min. our concern of over exposing children to malathion has led us to examine whether significantly more malathion will penetrate transdermally when applied for the recommended 8 h than for a shorter but ... | 2005 | 16023809 |
| epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in resource-poor communities in brazil. | pediculosis capitis and scabies are common parasitic skin diseases, especially in resource-poor communities, but data on epidemiology and morbidity are scanty. | 2005 | 16029341 |
| the prevalence of head lice infestation in school children in izmir, turkey. | 2005 | 16060882 | |
| single blind, randomised, comparative study of the bug buster kit and over the counter pediculicide treatments against head lice in the united kingdom. | to compare the effectiveness of the bug buster kit with a single treatment of over the counter pediculicides for eliminating head lice. | 2005 | 16085658 |
| combing and combating head lice. | 2005 | 16096290 | |
| shaving for head lice is unnecessary and distressing. | 2005 | 16096317 | |
| drugs for head lice. | 2005 | 16103867 | |
| multispacer typing of rickettsia prowazekii enabling epidemiological studies of epidemic typhus. | currently, there is no tool for typing rickettsia prowazekii, the causative agent of epidemic typhus, currently considered a potential bioterrorism agent, at the strain level. to test if the multispacer typing (mst) method could differentiate strains of r. prowazekii, we amplified and sequenced the 25 most variable intergenic spacers between the r. prowazekii and r. conorii genomes in five strains and 10 body louse amplicons of r. prowazekii from various geographic origins. two intergenic spacer ... | 2005 | 16145131 |
| prevalence of skin infections in sheltered homeless. | in an attempt to determine the prevalence of various skin infections in the homeless population in marseilles, france, we undertook a case control study. cases were recruited among institutionalized homeless subjects during two snapshot investigations conducted in january 2002 and 2003 respectively. the control subjects were recruited from among those who presented at a clinic for pre-travel advice. we recruited 498 cases and 200 control subjects. compared to control subjects, a significantly hi ... | 2005 | 16172049 |
| the importance of socio-economic status and individual characteristics on the prevalence of head lice in schoolchildren. | pediculosis is a common infestation in schoolchildren but little is known about the factors influencing its prevalence. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of head lice in schoolchildren in ghent and to investigate the independent association between individual characteristics of the child, socio-economic status (ses) of the family and head lice. the prevalence of head lice at baseline and 14 days after treatment advice was determined by the wet combing method in a total of 6,1 ... | 2005 | 16172050 |
| exclusion of ill children from child-care centers in israel. | the aim of the study was to examine criteria for ill children in child-care centers. a questionnaire on practices of exclusion/return of children according to specific signs and symptoms was mailed to the directors of care centers in central israel. thirty-six of the 60 questionnaires (60%) were returned by mail and the reminded were completed in personal visits to the cccs achieving a response rate of 100%. about half (51.7%) used "common sense" and "personal feelings" to exclude children and t ... | 2005 | 15590228 |
| transmission ratio distortion in the human body louse, pediculus humanus (insecta: phthiraptera). | we studied inheritance at three microsatellite loci in eight f, and two f2 families of the body (clothes) louse of humans, pediculus humanus. the alleles of heterozygous female-parents were always inherited in a mendelian fashion in these families. alleles from heterozygous male-parents, however, were inherited in two different ways: (i) in a mendelian fashion and (ii) in a non-mendelian fashion, where males passed to their offspring only one of their two alleles, that is, 100% nonrandom transmi ... | 2006 | 16175192 |
| use and storage of domestic pesticides in the uk. | several epidemiological studies, particularly from the united states, have suggested health concerns may arise from the chronic exposure of young children to pesticides in their home environment. most of these studies are retrospective and the available pesticide exposure information is either subject to the problem of recall or derived from surrogate information. currently, little is known about the extent of pesticide use in homes and gardens in the uk. this was investigated in this study usin ... | 2006 | 16697439 |
| the fumigant and repellent activity of aliphatic lactones against pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | new alternative insecticides are necessary for the chemical control of head lice. in this study the fumigant knockdown time 50% (kt50) and repellency index (ri) of three aliphatic lactones was compared with two essential oils and ddvp, against permethrin-resistance pediculus humanus capitis from argentina. in the fumigant assay, none of the lactones were effective compared to the highest activity of eucalyptus (kt50 15.53 m). in the repellency test, the three lactones were equally or more effect ... | 2006 | 16699710 |
| quantification of blood intake of the head louse: pediculus humanus capitis. | although head lice, pediculus humanus capitis, are globally prevalent blood-sucking ectoparasites, the amount of blood imbibed by head lice has not been determined. this study investigated this parameter, as regular loss of a small quantity of blood may lead to an iron deficiency and anaemia. adult female lice (66), adult males (46), and nymphs (152) were weighed before and after feeding in groups of 17-109 lice. the average amounts of blood imbibed at a single feed were: adult female louse (0.0 ... | 2006 | 16700788 |
| lethality of essential oil constituents towards the human louse, pediculus humanus, and its eggs. | essential oils have been widely used in traditional medicine for the eradication of lice, including head lice, but due to the variability of their constitution the effects may not be reproducible. in an attempt to assess the contribution of their component monoterpenoids, a range of common individual compounds were tested in in vitro toxicity model against both human lice (pediculus humanus, an accepted model of head lice lethality) and their eggs, at different concentrations. no detailed study ... | 2006 | 16707234 |
| environmental signals generate a differential and coordinated expression of the heme receptor gene family of bartonella quintana. | of all bacteria, bartonella quintana has the highest reported in vitro hemin requirement, yet an explanation for this remains elusive. to produce diseases such as trench fever, endocarditis, and bacillary angiomatosis, b. quintana must survive and replicate in the disparate environments of the pediculus humanus corporis (body louse) gut and the human vasculature. we previously identified a five-member family of hemin binding proteins (hbps) synthesized by b. quintana that bind hemin on the outer ... | 2006 | 16714552 |
| head louse infestations in gaza governorates. | in total, 2,408 primary school girls (6-14 yr old) in two districts within the gaza governorate were examined for the presence of head lice, pediculus humanus capitis de geer. the localities chosen for the study were the old gaza city and the rural village jabalia. the rate of infestation with lice was 14.1%, and an additional 35% of girls had nits (eggs) only. the prevalence of louse infestation was high among the 6-12-yr-old girls. a sharp decline in infestation was observed after 12 yr of age ... | 2006 | 16739408 |
| survey of permethrin and malathion resistance in human head lice populations from denmark. | head lice, pediculis capitis de geer, populations were investigated for permethrin and malathion resistance after initial establishment of a discriminating dose of topical application bioassay with body lice, pediculus humanus l. for both insecticides, approximately 2 times the lethal dose (ld)95 at 4 h was selected, 2 ng of permethrin and 100 ng of malathion per head louse, respectively. head lice were collected from heads of infested children in denmark at 33 primary schools, one kindergarten, ... | 2006 | 16739412 |
| permethrin-resistant head lice (anoplura: pediculidae) in argentina are susceptible to spinosad. | the insecticidal activity of spinosad was evaluated against susceptible and permethrin-resistant human lice. in a permethrin-susceptible strain of the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l. (anoplura: pediculidae), the toxicity of spinosad was similar to that established for permethrin, with an ld50 value of 1.2 ng/insect and 2.4 ng/insect, respectively. topical application of spinosad to populations of permethrin-resistant head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae), ... | 2006 | 16739427 |
| surveillance of insecticide resistance in head lice using biochemical and molecular methods. | treatment of head louse infection is primarily through topical insecticides. however, there is growing evidence of resistance. a representative population sample was tested using biochemical and molecular methods; it was shown that, in wales, treatments containing pyrethroids are likely to be less effective in controlling head louse infection than those containing organophosphates. | 2006 | 16774979 |
| new developments in the treatment of head lice. | 2006 | 16845818 | |
| embryonic development of human lice: rearing conditions and susceptibility to spinosad. | the embryonic development of human lice was evaluated according to the changes in the morphology of the embryo observed through the transparent chorion. based on ocular and appendage development, three stages of embryogenesis were established: early, medium, and late. influence of temperature and relative humidity (rh) on the laboratory rearing of pediculus humanus capitis eggs was assessed. the optimal ranges for temperature and rh were 27-31 degrees c and 45-75%. the susceptibility of head [co ... | 2006 | 16862318 |
| use of temperature and water immersion to control the human body louse (anoplura: pediculidae). | physical methods such as high and low temperatures were used in the past for the control of human body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l. (anoplura: pediculidae). in the current study, the minimum time necessary to kill all lice after exposing them to temperatures other than those described in the literature, the mortality of lice after immersing them in water, and the survival of lice whose legs were amputated were studied. all lice died after 6 d at 6 degrees c, after 11 d at 24 degrees c, an ... | 2006 | 16892630 |