Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [formation and protective functions of antibodies to neuraminidase of the influenza a virus]. | the features of production and protective properties of antineuraminidase antibodies in subjects of various ages with influenza infection caused by currently important influenza a virus strains of h1n1 and h3n2 serosubtypes were studied. in children, antineuraminidase antibodies were found to accumulate less intensively than in adults and in infants under 1 year they were detected extremely rarely. in young infants, their titres after the disease decreased more rapidly than antihemagglutinin tit ... | 1985 | 3993000 |
| [erythrocyte antibody diagnostic agents for determining the type and subtype of influenza viruses]. | the method of antibody sensitization of sheep erythrocyte using amidole was employed to prepare diagnosticums for influenza a/ussr/090/77 (h1n1), a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), and b/hong kong/75 viruses. comparison of the potency of diagnosticums obtained on the basis of hyperimmune influenza sera and immunoglobulin preparations demonstrated that the use of globulins isolated with ammonium sulphate, by gel filtration on sephadex g-200, and ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose 32 gives a higher ... | 1985 | 3993001 |
| in vitro production of ige and igg protein by blood mononuclear cells from non-atopic and atopic donors. | the production of ige and igg protein by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture has been examined. cells obtained from 18 grass-sensitive donors during the grass pollen season and from 11 atopic dermatitis patients (total serum ige levels greater than 960 ng/ml), spontaneously produced significant amounts of ige but not igg with time. similar results were obtained using b-cell enriched preparations from both groups. cells from 16 non-atopic donors had mean levels of pre-formed ige s ... | 1985 | 3993866 |
| [analysis of the influenza situation in the ussr and the gdr in nonepidemic (1978-1979) and epidemic (1979-1980) seasons]. | analysis of comparative surveillance on influenza carried out in the ussr and the gdr is presented. it was shown that both in the nonepidemic and epidemic seasons the incidence of influenza in the ussr increased considerably earlier than in the gdr. in the nonepidemic season of 1978-1979, strains of different antigenic structure were in circulation in the ussr and the gdr, whereas the epidemic of 1979-1980 was induced by new drift variants of a(h3n2) virus, a/bangkok/1/79 and a/bangkok/2/79. the ... | 1985 | 4002688 |
| dose response of influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) avian-human reassortant virus in adult volunteers. | 1985 | 4008988 | |
| tecumseh study of illness. xiii. influenza infection and disease, 1976-1981. | the occurrence of influenza was followed in tecumseh, michigan during the five year period 1976-1981 by identifying onset of acute respiratory illness and by virus isolation and serology. type b outbreaks were observed in 1976-1977 and 1979-1980, type a (h3n2) in 1977-1978 and 1980-1981, and type a (h1n1) viruses in 1977-1978, 1978-1979, and 1980-1981. evidence of low level circulation of viruses in the year preceding an outbreak was not obtained. age-specific isolation rates from specimens coll ... | 1985 | 4014174 |
| heterogeneity among influenza h3n2 isolates recovered during an outbreak. brief report. | isolates of the h3n2 subtype recovered during an outbreak have been analyzed at the genomic and protein level. no reassortant genomes were detected. by t1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting of rna segments coding for hemagglutinin (ha), nucleoprotein (np), and neuraminidase (na) two genotypes were found. | 1985 | 4015407 |
| [nonspecificity of the phenomenon of influenza virus phagocytosis by murine macrophages]. | peritoneal macrophage cultures from intact mice and those immune to influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (hon1) were infected with homologous virus or influenza virus a/england/42/72 (h3n2) whereupon virus was isolated from chick embryos. it was established that in intact macrophages, both viruses duplicated similarly. macrophages immune to virus hon1 equally disintegrated both in homologous virus and heterologous influenza virus h3n2. | 1985 | 4016242 |
| prevalence of antibody against influenza a viruses in the kren-akorore, an indian tribe of central brazil, first contacted in 1973. | influenza a antibodies in serum samples obtained in 1980 from two indian populations in central brazil were compared. the kren-akorore, who were first contacted in 1973 and two years later transferred to the xingu indian park (pix), were compared with indians from other tribes already living in the pix before 1975. an analysis was made of the prevalence and distribution of antibodies against the influenza a viruses which have circulated in the civilized world since 1918. antibodies to the early ... | 1985 | 4020109 |
| severity of fever in influenza: studies on the relation between viral surface antigens, pyrexia, level of nasal virus and inflammatory response in the ferret. | previous work has shown that fever in influenza of ferrets occurs following release of endogenous pyrogen from virus-phagocyte interaction in the upper respiratory tract (urt), and suggested that the poor inflammatory response and correspondingly low fever elicited by a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1), compared with h3n2 reassortant clones of a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69, were related to its h1 and n1 surface antigens. nasal virus levels, inflammatory and pyrexial responses produced in ferrets by ... | 1985 | 4020349 |
| natural heterogeneity of shape, infectivity and protein composition in an influenza a (h3n2) virus preparation. | influenza a (x31) virus was purified over a zonal sucrose gradient. the resulting gradient fractions were examined by electron microscopy, ha and infectivity titrations and gel electrophoresis. the fractions containing a homogeneous suspension of spherical particles had the highest infectivity per amount of viral protein and a much higher ha:m ratio than the unfractionated preparation. these results explain differences in the proportions of ha and m protein we have reported elsewhere on monodisp ... | 1985 | 4024729 |
| recent h1n1 viruses (a/ussr/90/77, a/fiji/15899/83, a/firenze/13/83) replicate poorly in ferret bronchial epithelium. brief report. | three recent wild-type h1n1 influenza virus isolates (a/ussr/90/77, a/fiji/15899/83 and a/firenze/13/83) replicated poorly in organ cultures of ferret bronchial tissue compared with the replication of an h3n2 wild-type virus (a/england/939/69). all four viruses replicated well in nasal turbinate tissue. examination of one h1n1 virus (a/ussr/90/77) in vivo showed heavy infection in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets but little in the lower respiratory tract. these results raise the possibilit ... | 1985 | 4026584 |
| subclass distribution and molecular form of immunoglobulin a hemagglutinin antibodies in sera and nasal secretions after experimental secondary infection with influenza a virus in humans. | serum and nasal wash specimens from 13 human volunteers undergoing experimental secondary infection with influenza a/peking/2/79 (h3n2) wild-type virus were examined for the molecular form and subclass distribution of immunoglobulin a (iga) antibodies to the viral hemagglutinin (ha). nasal iga antibodies were polymeric and did not bind radiolabeled secretory component, indicating that they were secretory iga antibodies. both iga1 and iga2 antibodies were detected; however, iga1 accounted for mos ... | 1985 | 4031039 |
| [heterogeneity of carbohydrate fragments in heavy and light chains of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin]. | comparative analysis of carbohydrate chains variations in influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin (ha) and its heavy (ha1) and light (ha2) chains has been carried out. the carbohydrate chains of these three glycoproteins were eliminated by reductive cleavage of n-glucosaminidic linkages under libh4 - tert-buoh treatment. fractionation of the oligosaccharides thus obtained by means of gel chromatography and hplc resulted in isolation of 21 individual oligosaccharides from each gly ... | 1985 | 4038352 |
| [influenza vaccine stimulation of antibodies to different variants of influenza a virus]. | the capacity of live influenza type a (h3n2) vaccines to produce antihemagglutinins and antineuraminidase antibody to drift variants of a given serosubtype emerging later than the vaccine strain was studied. for this purpose, a wider set of antigens was used to examine retrospectively by the hi and virus elution from erythrocyte inhibition tests the paired sera from the subjects immunized in 1975 and 1976 with live vaccine virus strains similar to a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) and a/victoria/3/75. ... | 1985 | 4049840 |
| [comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of virazole and remantadine in patients with influenza caused by a(h3n2) and b viruses]. | therapeutic effectiveness of virazole in treatment of patients with influenza caused by a (h3n2) and b viruses (1980-1984) was demonstrated in 432 patients with the laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza. provided the treatment started on the 1st day of the disease, the experimental group showed normalization of fever and regression of toxicity symptoms within shorter periods than the controls. however in treatment of patients with influenza caused by a (h3n2) virus virazole showed a less m ... | 1985 | 4049841 |
| [circulation of the influenza virus on poultry-raising farms]. | the results of examinations for immunity to influenza in chickens and the personnel handling them at the permanently observed farm are presented. antibodies mainly to the same antigenic variants of human influenza viruses were found in chicken and human blood sera. alongside with antihemagglutinins to influenza a (h3n2) virus strains, chicken in 1983-1984 were found to have antibodies to influenza b virus epidemically important in those years. thus, in poultry farms human influenza viruses are i ... | 1985 | 4049842 |
| attenuation of wild-type human influenza a virus by acquisition of the pa polymerase and matrix protein genes of influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted donor virus. | wild-type influenza a viruses can be attenuated for humans by the acquisition of genes from the a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) donor virus. six-gene reassortants, that is, viruses containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface glycoprotein genes of the wild-type virus and the six remaining rna segments of the ca donor virus, are consistently attenuated for humans. during the production of a six-gene reassortant virus containing the surface glycoproteins of the a/washington/897/80 (h3 ... | 1985 | 4056002 |
| ganglioside gm1b as an influenza virus receptor. | receptor activity toward influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) of a pair of gangliosides, gm1b (neuac alpha 2-3 ga1 beta 1-3 galnac beta 1-4 gal beta 1-4 glc beta 1-1'-ceramide) and gm1a (gal beta 1-3 galnac beta 1-4 (neuac alpha 2-3) ga1 beta 1-4 glc beta 1-1'-ceramide) is described. receptor activity was monitored by an assay system including incorporation of gangliosides into chicken asialoerythrocytes which had lost the biological response for the virus, and subsequent estimation of recovery o ... | 1985 | 4060848 |
| inhibition of transcriptase activity of influenza a virus in vitro by anti-haemagglutinin antibodies. | an investigation was made of inhibition of transcriptase activity of influenza viruses in vitro by binding of antibody to the surface of the virion. eight monoclonal antibodies which were directed against at least four non-overlapping antigenic regions of the haemagglutinin protein of a/aichi/68 virus were tested for inhibitory effect. one of the antibodies directed against the b antigenic site, 22/1, inhibited transcriptase activity, while the other seven antibodies did not. antibody from a hyp ... | 1985 | 4060849 |
| forecasting the epidemic potential of influenza virus variants based on their molecular properties. | sequence analysis of the influenza haemagglutinin, ha (h1 and h3) suggests that many antigenic variants that are identified but which do not become predominant differ from contemporary epidemic strains in one or two amino acids, in the region 188-193. this information may assist in the optimum selection of vaccine strains when multiple variants are co-circulating. genome analysis of h1n1 virus, from 1977 to 1983 (but not of h3n2 virus thus far) has identified two instances when large changes in ... | 1985 | 4060855 |
| characteristics of a swine recombinant influenza virus isolated in 1980: recombination between swine and the earliest hong kong (h3n2) viruses. | a recombinant (h1n2, formerly hsw1n2), a/swine/ehime/1/80 was found to possess antigenic biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a previous a/swine/kanagawa/2/78 (h1n2) strain. five monoclonal antibodies to a/nj/8/76 differentiated the haemagglutinin molecules of the former virus from the latter, showing that these viruses differed at two-antigenic determinants at least. immuno-double diffusion tests with antisera to the isolated neuraminidase and neuraminidase-inhibition ... | 1985 | 4060856 |
| [immune response of noninbred mice to subvirion influenza vaccines with various antigen and sorbent loads]. | the variants of splitted and subunit influenza monovaccines from virus strains a/leningrad/385/80r (h3n2) and a/kiev/59/79r (h1n1), adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide and having the varying content of hemogglutinin and the carrier, have been studied. the immune response of noninbred mice to a single and double injections of these vaccines have been evaluated, the concentrations of the antigen and the carrier inducing a high response in the animals, have been determined. differences in the immunolog ... | 1985 | 4060954 |
| characterization of a 1980-swine recombinant influenza virus possessing h1 hemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidase similar to that of the earliest hong kong (h3n2) virus. | a recombinant (h1n2, formerly hsw 1n2), a/swine/ehime/1/80 was found to possess antigenic, biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a previous a/swine/kanagawa/2/78 (h1n2) strain. five monoclonal antibodies to a/nj/8/76 definitely differentiated the hemagglutinin molecules of the former virus from the latter, showing that these viruses differed, at least, at two antigenic determinants. neuraminidase-inhibition tests with monoclonal antibodies to different h2n2 and h3n2 viru ... | 1985 | 4062559 |
| analysis of the genome of influenza a virus strains (h3n2) isolated during the epidemic season of 1982-1983. | the crna:vrna hybridization technique was used to analyse h3n2 influenza virus isolates obtained from influenza patients in the united kingdom and the u.s.a. (alaska) during the epidemic season of 1982-1983. the majority of isolates differed from reference h3n2 influenza virus strains a/bangkok/1/79 and a/philippines/2/82 as well as from one another in the homology of nearly all the genes. no identical strains were detected among the isolates including the ones isolated in the same town and at t ... | 1985 | 4062561 |
| [synthesis of peptide fragments of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) hemagglutinins]. | peptides corresponding to sequences 122-133, 136-147, and 154-164 of the heavy chain of hemagglutinin of the a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) influenza virus have been synthesized by stepwise elongation of the peptide chain with boc-amino acid activated esters or by condensation of peptide blocks by dcc/hobt-method. a coloured c-protecting group, 2-[4-(phenylazo)-benzylsulfonyl]ethyl (pse), was used, which is convenient in purification of synthetic peptides. after removal of terminal n-and c-protecting group ... | 1985 | 4062990 |
| antibody status to influenza a/singapore/1/57(h2n2) in finland during a period of outbreaks caused by h3n2 and h1n1 subtype viruses. | the incidence of haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody (titre greater than or equal to 12) to influenza a/singapore/1/57(h2n2) in sera collected from a finnish population in the summer of 1981 was 58%. subjects born after 1968 were essentially seronegative, and a comparable low hi antibody status was also recorded among the elderly, the lowest being in people born during the period 1901-10. a small increase in antibody titre to the h2n2 virus was observed in the different age groups after i ... | 1985 | 4067298 |
| interactions between human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and influenza virus. | the effects of influenza virus a (h3n2) on several functions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) were examined. incubation of pmn with virus induced chemiluminescence, aggregation, and degranulation of the leukocytes. the amount of chemiluminescence generated increased from 1 x 10(6) to 6 x 10(6) cpm when 2.5 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(7) virus particles were added to 2.5 x 10(6) pmn. maximal aggregation occurred within 2 min and the response depended on the amount of virus added to the pmn. rele ... | 1985 | 4089541 |
| [structure of major oligomannoside chains of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3 n2) hemagglutinin]. | the structure of four main oligomannosidic carbohydrate chains isolated from influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin has been elucidated using 1h nmr spectroscopy. the data obtained suggest that splitting off four alpha 1-2 linked mannose residues under alpha-mannosidase action is the limiting and selective stage of transformation of high mannose carbohydrate chain to complex chain during biosynthesis of glycoproteins. | 1985 | 4091863 |
| [immunovirologic markers of the risk of influenza a h3n2 among swine]. | a seroepidemiological survey using the radial haemolysis test has been performed on a representative sampling of the pig herds in brittany. since 1978, influenza a h3n2 strains spread in that reservoir giving subclinical infections. we detected antibodies directed against the influenza prototypes isolated during the human outbreaks from 1973 to 1977. only one h3n2 virus was isolated in 1980: its antigenic structure was in agreement with the previous serological data. in 1984 outbreaks of swine i ... | 1985 | 4095329 |
| location of influenza virus m, np and ns1 proteins in microinjected cells. | when microinjected as cloned dna, the nucleoprotein (np) of influenza virus a/nt/60/68 (h3n2) accumulated in the nuclei of xenopus laevis oocytes, and cultured cells of rodent and primate origin. this accumulation appeared to be specific and a property of the np itself (or conceivably np in association with unknown cellular constituents) since no other influenza virus components were present in dna-injected cells. in the oocyte nucleus, clonally derived np achieved an eightfold concentration ove ... | 1985 | 2932535 |
| [virological and pathomorphological study of an influenzal infection in children 1982-1983]. | in the interepidemic period of 1982-1983, acute respiratory viral infections and pneumonias in infants in alma-ata were in 40.2% of cases etiologically associated with influenza infection. in the studied period in alma-ata and during an epidemic outbreak of influenza in kzyl-orda (march, 1983), two influenza a virus subtypes, h1n1 and h3n2, were in circulation. in a number of cases these subtypes were isolated from the same infants. | 1985 | 2932855 |
| detection of viral and chlamydial antigens in open-lung biopsy specimens. | the recovery of viruses and chlamydia trachomatis from cell cultures and the detection of their antigens in impression smears prepared from open-lung biopsy (olb) specimens from immunocompromised adults were compared. touch impression smears were prepared on three slides, each containing eight wells. olb tissue was homogenized (stomacher) and inoculated into mrc-5, primary monkey kidney, and mccoy cell cultures. the direct and indirect immunofluorescence (if) tests were used to detect antigens t ... | 1985 | 2983526 |
| clinical-histopathological correlations in experimental otitis media: implications for silent otitis media in humans. | clinical-histopathological correlations were sought in an experimental animal model of otitis media. among 20 chinchillas inoculated intranasally with wildtype influenza a/alaska virus (h3n2) and type 7f streptococcus pneumoniae, 15 animals (18 ears) developed otoscopic and tympanometric signs of otitis media with middle ear effusion. middle ear inflammation was most intense 10 days after virus inoculation. twenty-two days after virus inoculation, eight ears showed diffuse middle ear histopathol ... | 1985 | 2987783 |
| epidemiological features of influenza in a large town of romania during 1983. | data supplied by the active influenza surveillance - including clinical, epidemiological and laboratory investigations - allowed the characterization of the particularities of an influenza outbreak caused by a(h3n2) virus in a large town of romania in march 1983. the epidemiological impact of influenza in 1983 is discussed in the light of the complex relationships between the antigenic structure of circulating influenza strains and the profile of antiinfluenza immunity of the population. | 1985 | 2988190 |
| prevalence of hong kong (h3n2) influenza virus-antibody in swine. | 1985 | 2995716 | |
| murine th response to influenza virus: recognition of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix, and nucleoproteins. | balb/c mice were primed with type a influenza virus by footpad injection or by aerosol infection with pr8 [a/pr/8/34-(h1n1)]. isolated t cells from draining lymph nodes were then tested for their proliferation in the presence of purified viral proteins hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix, and nucleoprotein. significant responses [( 3h]thymidine incorporation) were seen against each of the four proteins after either priming scheme. when helper t (th) cell clones were isolated by hybridoma format ... | 1985 | 3155776 |
| antigenic and biochemical analysis of influenza "a" h3n2 viruses isolated from pigs. | four influenza a-h3n2 viruses isolated in pigs from different herds in central italy in the period 1981/82 have been antigenically and biochemically analysed. three of them a/sw/italy/2/81, a/sw/italy/7/81, a/sw/italy/8/82 were found to be serologically related to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2). these three viruses were shown to have an identical electrophoretic pattern, as regards virus induced polypeptides and were clearly distinguishable from the virus a/sw/italy/6/81 which was antigenically related t ... | 1985 | 3155941 |
| epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine in belgium due to h3n2 influenza virus and experimental reproduction of disease. | in belgium, influenza virus was isolated from swine in 22 epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine during 1984. in 8 of the epizootics, h3n2 influenza virus, related to the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain, was isolated. intratracheal inoculation of the isolates induced clinical signs. it was concluded that the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain was established in the belgian swine population and was responsible for the epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine. | 1985 | 2413789 |
| the nucleoprotein as a possible major factor in determining host specificity of influenza h3n2 viruses. | in an attempt to assess the importance of the nucleoprotein (np) in the determination of host specificity, a series of experiments was performed on influenza a viruses of the h3n2 subtype. we have examined rescue of mutants of a/fpv/rostock/34 with temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions in the nucleoprotein (np) gene by double infection of chick embryo cells with h3n2 strains isolated from different species. the ts mutants could be rescued by all avian h3n2 strains but not by any of the human h3n2 i ... | 1985 | 2416114 |
| arrest of daudi cell growth by inactive influenza virus in-vitro. | we investigated the destructive capability of three influenza a strains, victoria, pr8, and their recombinant x47, against the human lymphoma cell line daudi. both victoria and x47 strains share the same envelope glycoproteins (h3n2), while pr8, the second parental strain of x47, differs in its envelope glycoproteins (hon1). the h3n2 strains and particularly the x47 recombinant were cytotoxic to daudi cells while the hon1 strain was not. to reduce the virulence of the oncolytic viruses, we inact ... | 1985 | 2419962 |
| [isolation of the influenza virus from the tree sparrow and a study of the infectivity of this virus in wild birds of the central dnieper river area]. | an influenza virus belonging to the serovariant a/h3n2 and registered as a/sparrow/ukraine/83 was isolated from a member of synanthropic birds, a tree sparrow, near kanev. this virus showed low pathogenicity and immunologic activity in experimental infection of sparrows and other birds. sera from a number of avian and mammal species had antibodies to this virus which indicates that synanthropic and semi-synanthropic birds may be a connecting link in spread of influenza virus. | 1985 | 2420068 |
| peptide maps of t mutant of influenza virus. | peptide maps were prepared by high-voltage electrophoresis and chromatography for t 30 degrees c mutant and the original strain a port chalmers 1/73 h3n2 of influenza virus. clear differences in the distribution and number of spots between the mutant and the original strain were found. the differences are due presumably to changes in the amino-acid sequences. | 1985 | 2421538 |
| studies on the stability of t mutant of influenza virus. | the t 30 degrees c mutant of a port chalmers 1/73 (h3n2) influenza virus passaged in cotton rats was reisolated. the original mutant and the reisolated virus were compared, the following parameters being tested: na activity, ha titer, sensitivity of na and ha to proteolytic enzymes, detergents and temperature, and michaelis constant of na. no differences were found in the parameters tested, thus suggesting that features of the mutant remained stable after passage in the susceptible animal organi ... | 1985 | 2579526 |
| morphology and antigenicity studies on reassortant influenza (h3n2) viruses for use in inactivated vaccines. | three influenza a (h3n2) reassortant whole virus vaccine strains with differing antibody-inducing capacities in hamsters were investigated morphologically and antigenically. although initial measurements of virion circumference, from electron micrographs of vaccine preparations, suggested a relationship of small virion size with low immunogenicity, subsequent immunization with, and morphological investigation of, vaccine virions separated on sucrose gradients, failed to obtain populations whose ... | 1985 | 2580887 |
| detection of type a and b influenza viruses in clinical materials by immunoelectronmicroscopy. | direct immunoelectronmicroscopy (iem) was used for detecting influenza subtype a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and type b viruses in nasopharyngeal washings or swabs collected during three consecutive periods of enhanced influenza incidence. virus identification was performed with immune rat sera and in the case of the a(h3n2) subtype also with convalescent human sera. in all the materials examined influenza virus was demonstrated by isolation in chick embryos or by immunofluorescence in infected tissue cultur ... | 1985 | 2859758 |
| antibodies to new variants of subtype a(h3 n2) influenza virus in pigs. | following an explosive epidemic of a(h3n2) influenza among the human population of czechoslovakia in 1983, haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies (titre range 10-640) against strains a/texas/77, a/bangkok/79 and a/philipines 2/83 were detected in 93% of sera collected from 135 pigs on three farms. only 6.6% of sera were negative. anti-neuraminidase antibodies were detected at rates of 81% and 23% in two and one of the herds, respectively. antibodies against a/rnp were demonstrated by the immuno ... | 1985 | 2860799 |
| subunit influenza virus vaccine grippovac se-azh (vaccination of adults). | grippovac se-azh a polytype, subunit influenza virus vaccine containing h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus strains and one influenza b virus strain has been tested in 80 volunteers. the trials demonstrated the harmlessness, the absence of adverse reactions, and except of the b type, the high antigenicity of vaccine preparation when administered in two injections. the optimal dose of each viral strain haemagglutinin (ha) was 15 micrograms in 0.5 ml. | 1985 | 2864825 |
| monoclonal antibodies for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a and b virus infections by immunofluorescence. | mouse monoclonal antibodies, directed against antigenic sites on influenza a and b viruses and found to be type-specific in an immunoassay, were assessed for use as diagnostic reagents in an indirect immunofluorescence assay on nasopharyngeal secretions. the influenza a antibodies were directed against nucleoprotein or matrix protein antigens and the influenza b antibodies against nucleoprotein and haemagglutinin antigens. the influenza a anti-matrix monoclonal antibody was found to give a stron ... | 1985 | 2865418 |
| the variability of genes of influenza a (h3n2) virus strains isolated in the g.d.r. during the 1970-1978 epidemic seasons. | gene variability of all influenza a virus strains (h3n2) isolated in the g.d.r. during the epidemic seasons of 1970-1978 was investigated by crna:vrna hybridization. from 1970 through 1975 a gradual smooth variability of the majority of genes and moderate heterogeneity in gene homology of the isolates were observed. from 1975 through 1977 the genome variability was more profound and the isolates differed from one another in gene homology. in 1978 the variability became less pronounced again. qua ... | 1985 | 2869657 |
| allantoic fluid protease activity during influenza virus infection. | neutral protease activity of allantoic fluid from embryonated chicken eggs was quantified during the course of influenza virus infection. antigenic subtypes of influenza a viruses selected for study were h1n1 strains pr/8/34, brazil/8/78, fm/1/47, the h3n2 strain bangkok/1/80 and the h5n9 turkey/ /ontario/66 as well as the sendai strain of parainfluenza type 1 virus. three different types of profiles of allantoic fluid proteases could be readily distinguished after infection of eggs with various ... | 1986 | 2873727 |
| characterization of the reproduction of influenza a epidemic viruses in cell cultures. | two influenza a epidemic viruses with different indices of virulence for humans have been compared with respect to their reproduction in human embryo kidney (hek), human embryo lung (hel), and chick embryo kidney (cek) cell cultures. it has been shown that the highly virulent for humans a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) strain reproduced intensively in hek and hel cells irrespective of the inoculated dose (multiplicity of infection = 1 eid50 per cell and of 0.001 eid50 per cell, respectively). efficient i ... | 1986 | 2873731 |
| variation of influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated in the g.d.r. during 1969-1980 epidemics. | a collection of 39 influenza a virus strains of the subtype h3n2 isolated in g.d.r. and of six reference strains were analysed with regard to the antigenic structure of their surface proteins haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) as well as regarding their polypeptide variations. for the field strains during the drift period from spring 1969 to spring 1980 seven main variations resulted from eight polyclonal sera with the haemagglutination inhibition test, and five main variations from six ... | 1986 | 2874720 |
| characterization of influenza a-1983 epidemic strains by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and detection of two co-circulating antigenic variants. | influenza virus strains isolated during 1985 epidemic in czechoslovakia proved to be antigenically closely related to a/bangkok/79, a/philippines/2/83 and a/texas/77 (all h3n2) viruses, if examined in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests with standard polyclonal antisera. if examined in hi tests with monoclonal antibody (mab) iib4, the virus isolates could be separated into two groups: those reacting to high titres (about two thirds of the isolates) and those negative with iib4 (titre of less ... | 1986 | 2874726 |
| a simple and rapid characterization of influenza virus isolates by monoclonal antibodies in radioimmunoassay. | radioimmunoassay (ria) with infectious allantoic fluid directly bound to solid phase, suitable for detection and further characterization of influenza virus isolates, is described. this simple and rapid method was applied for description of isolates obtained from different regions of czechoslovakia during influenza epidemic in 1983. the results confirmed that all 13 examined isolates represent influenza a viruses possessing h3 subtype haemagglutinin very similar to haemagglutinin of influenza vi ... | 1986 | 2874733 |
| [the nature of amino acid substitution in antigenic drift of hemagglutinin n3 and neuraminidase n2 from the influenza virus]. | the nature of amino acid replacements in 16 drift variants of hemagglutinin h3 subtype and 5 drift variants of neuraminidase n2 subtype of the influenza a virus were studied. the dependences of relative replacement frequencies and relative quantities of frequent replacements upon differences of properties of substituted residues are plotted. in contrast to most of the known proteins, amino acid replacements in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase depend weakly on the physico-chemical parameters of am ... | 1986 | 2422540 |
| analysis of antigenic determinants on internal and external proteins of influenza virus and identification of antigenic subpopulations of virions in recent field isolates using monoclonal antibodies and immunogold labelling. | an electron microscopic immunogold labelling technique employing monoclonal antibodies has been applied to the antigenic analysis of influenza a and b viruses. reassortant influenza a h3n2 viruses containing haemagglutinin molecules from viruses isolated between 1968 and 1982 were analysed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against viruses which appeared over the same period. the immunogold labelling technique clearly demonstrated the antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin molecule that ... | 1986 | 2423056 |
| extensive diversity in the recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin by murine t helper clones. | a panel of h-2k class ii-restricted th clones were established from individual cba mice primed by infection with x31 influenza virus. 27 clones, which showed specific recognition of the ha surface glycoprotein, were all h3n2 subtype specific, in contrast to a t cell line which was crossreactive and which may have other specificities. 20 distinct ha-specific clones recognized a tryptic cleavage fragment of x31 consisting of residue 28-328 of ha1 (tops) which includes all the ab-combining regions ... | 1986 | 2423631 |
| [use of monospecific antibodies for determining the antigenic determinant composition in the hemagglutinins of the h3n2 influenza viruses of 1979-1983]. | the study of the antigenic composition of hemagglutinins of influenza h3n2 viruses isolated during epidemic outbreaks in 1979-1983, carried out by means of monospecific antibodies to individual antigenic determinants, showed heterogeneity of the antigenic structure of epidemically active variants. some variants were antigenically identical to a/bangkok/1/79 virus. hemagglutinin structure of a/shanghai/31/80, a/philippines/2/82 and the like was found to contain a qualitatively new antigenic deter ... | 1986 | 2425492 |
| [synergic therapeutic action of aprotinin and remantadine in experimental influenzal infection]. | chemotherapeutic treatment of influenza infection is possible with aprotinine, an inhibitor of proteinases blocking proteolytic shearing of virion hemagglutinin which is necessary for multicycle virus infection. the chemotherapeutic effect of antiinfluenza drug remantadine is due to inhibition of intracellular deproteinization of virions in the course of their penetration into cells. in mice infected with a highly lethal dose (about 400 mld50/animal) of influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus treatm ... | 1986 | 2429449 |
| laboratory characterization of influenza a viruses (h3n2)--pathogens of leningrad 1983 epidemic. | seventy strains of influenza a virus (h3n2) isolated in leningrad during the influenza epidemic in january--march 1983 were studied. the virus isolates appeared to be markedly heterogeneous with respect to antigenic characteristics of surface glycoproteins, biological properties (haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities, sensitivity to gamma-inhibitors, etc.) as well as genome structure. the identity of the virus isolates with the reference influenza a virus was as follows: 10% were simila ... | 1986 | 2429534 |
| influenza virus infection induces functional alterations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. | this report describes alterations in functional responses to lectin-induced stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the natural killer cell (nkc) activity, of college students, obtained during an outbreak of influenza a/philippines/2/82(h3n2) virus infection. these results are compared with similar observations in college students with an acute, febrile, noninfluenzal respiratory illness that occurred during the same outbreak. the lymphopenia typical of influenza during acute illness ... | 1986 | 2431043 |
| [sensitivity to influenza infection of x-ray-irradiated animals and the protective effect of a thymus extract]. | the a 2/romania 1/73 (h3n2) strain of influenza virus at the 15th passage on chick embryos was compared to the mouse adapted a0/pr8/34 (h0n1) strain, as regards pathogenicity for x-ray irradiated mice. irradiated mice showed a greater sensitivity to influenza infection than nonirradiated controls, irrespective of the strain used: hemagglutinating (ha) titers were constantly higher in the first group of animals. administration of a polypeptidic thymus extract to irradiated mice inoculated with th ... | 1986 | 3548032 |
| suicide selection of murine t helper clones specific for variable regions of the influenza hemagglutinin molecule. | a negative selection procedure has been developed to obtain murine t helper clones specific for variable regions of the influenza a hemagglutinin. t cell lines, established from mice primed by intranasal infection with x31 (h3n2) virus, were cross-stimulated with natural variant viruses of known primary sequence (either a/texas/1/77 or a/eng878/69) and proliferating cells eliminated by treatment with the cell cycle-specific drug 5-bromodeoxyuridine. after two suicide cycles, t cell lines were su ... | 1986 | 2941307 |
| [influenza morbidity in the kazakh ssr 1977-1984]. | in 1977-1984, 6 epidemic outbreaks of influenza were recorded in the republic of which 2 were due to influenza a (h1n1), 2 to a (h3n2) and 2 to influenza b virus. the epidemics of influenza h1n1 (1977-1978, 1981) and h3n3 (1979-1980, 1983) were characterized by gradual decrease of their intensity as manifested by lowering of the morbidity rate and frequency of virus isolation. on the contrary, epidemics of influenza b showed a certain trend to increase. an important feature of the epidemics etio ... | 1986 | 2945325 |
| [effect of influenza virus infection on arachidonic acid cascade in mouse thrombocytes]. | prostaglandins (pgs) are essential for many physiological and pathological processes. as they are not stored in tissue, their presence and actions therefore result from de novo synthesis and release. although platelets themselves appear to have the ability to synthesize txa2, pgd2, arachidonic acid may also be metabolized in the lipoxygenase pathway in platelets, producing 12-hydroperoxy/12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-hpete/12-hete). cflp mice were infected intranasally with a/h3 ... | 1986 | 3094271 |
| [evolution of the hemagglutinin gene of human influenza a virus h3 subtype]. | an evolutional tree of human influenza viruses of the h3n2-subtype is suggested on the basis of combined published primary structures of the hemagglutinin ha1-subunit. possible differences between natural and sequenced structures are discussed. a tendency to reversions in the course of antigenic draft within the subtype has been revealed to support the hypothesis of limited antigenic evolution within a single subtype. | 1986 | 3821759 |
| [epidemiologic surveillance of influenza in rome 1982-1984]. | in the periods from july 1982 to june 1983 and july 1983 to june 1984, 31 strains of influenza virus, of which 19 a/h3n2 6 a/h1n1 and 6 type b, were isolated from 242 throat cultures obtained from patients with acute febrile respiratory disease. a seroepidemiological survey on 520 serum samples confirms significant activity of influenza viruses during the winterly period of 1983-1984. in the period july-august 1983 the evaluation of mortality from respiratory diseases presents an excess in respe ... | 1986 | 3823365 |
| [pathologico-anatomic findings in sudden, unexpected death in children and adults with influenza a infection]. | thé following observations resulted from studies on forensic autopsy cases: in 76% of the adults and 55% of the infants the cases of unexpected sudden death without morphologically verifiable causes of death showed virologic evidence of recent influenza-a (h3n2)-infection. the pathologic findings corresponded with the findings in lethal infections with influenza-a viruses. investigation of cases of sudden and unexpected death should always include virologic serum tests. the demonstration of igm ... | 1986 | 3825314 |
| human adenoid organ culture: a model to study the interaction of influenza a with human nasopharyngeal mucosa. | previous studies of infections with influenza a in animal models have stressed the tropism of this virus for the upper respiratory tract. to assess the interaction of influenza a virus with human respiratory tissue, we maintained adenoids, consisting of ciliated epithelium with underlying lymphoid follicles, in organ culture. when the organ cultures were inoculated with wild-type influenza a/alaska (h3n2), epithelial damage and migration of inflammatory cells from the follicles into the lamina p ... | 1986 | 3510261 |
| characterization and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies developed for typing influenza a and influenza b viruses. | monoclonal antibodies that are broadly reactive with influenza a or influenza b viruses were produced as stable reagents for typing influenza viruses. monoclonal antibodies to influenza a were specific for either matrix protein or nucleoprotein. the antibodies to influenza b were specific for nucleoprotein or hemagglutinin protein. in an enzyme immunoassay procedure, influenza a antibodies detected h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2 influenza a virus strains collected between 1934 and 1984. each of the influe ... | 1986 | 3517049 |
| oral rimantadine hydrochloride therapy of influenza a virus h3n2 subtype infection in adults. | in a randomized, double-blind trial involving patients with uncomplicated influenza a h3n2 subtype virus infection, rimantadine treatment (200 mg/day for 5 days) was associated with significant reductions in nasal secretion viral titers (days 2 through 4), maximal temperature (days 2 and 3), time until defervescence (mean, 37 h shorter), and systemic symptoms compared with placebo treatment. | 1986 | 3521480 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies for rapid detection of influenza a virus in nasopharyngeal secretions. | two monoclonal antibodies against influenza a virus were assessed for use as diagnostic reagents in an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) of nasopharyngeal secretions. monoclonal antibody ia-52, directed at an internal antigen, reacted with all influenza a tested. the high stability of this epitope permitted its use in a rapid ifa test, which gave results comparable to those obtained with polyclonal antibodies and viral isolation. the second monoclonal antibody, ia-279 was directed at a sur ... | 1986 | 3527703 |
| prevention and treatment of experimental influenza a virus infection in volunteers with a new antiviral ici 130,685. | the initial prophylactic and therapeutic trials of ici 130,685 against influenza a virus infection are reported. prophylaxis with either 200 mg/day (38 volunteers received drug and 40 received placebo) or 100 mg/day (28 volunteers received drug and 28 received placebo) for seven days significantly reduced illness, mean clinical score and nasal secretion weight when volunteers were challenged with 10(4.1) eid50 of influenza virus a/eng/40/83 (h3n2). overall, prophylaxis with 200 mg/day and 100 mg ... | 1986 | 3531141 |
| safety of and serum antibody response to cold-recombinant influenza a and inactivated trivalent influenza virus vaccines in older adults with chronic diseases. | forty older adults with chronic diseases were vaccinated intranasally with either influenza a/california/10/78 (h1n1) (cr37) or influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) (cr48) virus. no clinically significant morbidity or decrement in pulmonary function occurred postvaccination. two (15%) recipients of cr37 virus and twelve (44%) recipients of cr48 virus became infected with vaccine virus, as indicated by a fourfold rise in serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer; a fourfold rise in serum i ... | 1986 | 3531226 |
| characterization of influenza virus neuraminidase with hemagglutinin activity and its comparison with that of viral neuraminidase. | the neuraminidase associated with the bifunctional protein, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, of influenza virus has been characterized. the enzyme has a ph optimum of 4.5, does not require ca2+ and is inactivated (98%) by incubation at 50 degrees c. the enzyme has a km of 2.00 x 10(-3) m and 0.06 x 10(-3) m with the substrates 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-n-acetylneuraminic acid and fetuin, respectively. the ki is 400 x 10(-6) with the inhibitor 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid. the incorporation ... | 1986 | 3533157 |
| time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies for rapid diagnosis of influenza infections. | monoclonal antibodies that are broadly reactive with either influenza a or influenza b viruses were used to develop a 2- to 3-h antigen capture time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr fia) for detecting influenza viral antigens in both original nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens and in tissue cultures inoculated with nose or throat swab specimens. the lower limit of sensitivity of the assay was about 10 pg of protein as determined with purified influenza a nucleoprotein expressed by recombinant dna. ... | 1986 | 3537001 |
| a nonneutralizing human igm monoclonal antibody inhibiting hemagglutination of h3n2 influenza a strains. | a mouse-human hybridoma has been produced by fusing human splenocytes from a cooley's anemia patient with the murine myeloma p3-ns1/1-ag 4-1. the hybridoma is stable after 18 months and secretes human igm. the antibody reacts with some h3n2 influenza a strains and detects an epitope that is part of the hemagglutinin antigen, but does not affect virus infectivity. | 1986 | 3542806 |
| development and persistence of local and systemic antibody responses in adults given live attenuated or inactivated influenza a virus vaccine. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure nasal-wash and serum isotype-specific hemagglutinin antibody responses in 109 seronegative (hemagglutination-inhibiting titer less than or equal to 1:8) adults vaccinated intranasally with live attenuated a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) or a/california/10/78 (h1n1) cold-adapted (ca) virus or with licensed subvirion vaccine subcutaneously. live and inactivated virus elicited serum immunoglobulin a (iga) responses in 83 and 96% of vaccinees, resp ... | 1986 | 3700610 |
| resistance of adults to challenge with influenza a wild-type virus after receiving live or inactivated virus vaccine. | the efficacy of live attenuated cold-adapted (ca) reassortant influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 virus vaccines against experimental challenge with homologous wild-type virus 7 months after vaccination was compared with that of licensed inactivated virus vaccine in 106 seronegative (hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer less than or equal to 1:8) college students. the live attenuated virus vaccines induced as much resistance against illness as did the inactivated vaccine. vaccine efficacy, measured ... | 1986 | 3700611 |
| newcastle disease virus and two influenza viruses: differing effects of acid and temperature on the uptake of infectious virus into bovine and canine kidney cell lines. | the entry of 2 influenza viruses was compared to the entry of the ulster strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv) by measuring the escape rate of preadsorbed virus from neutralization using a microwell assay. the 2-minute entry of ulster into madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells increased exponentially over the temperature range for fusion of 30-37 degrees c and was prevented by ph 4.6 which corresponded to the ph within endosomes. the 2-hour entry of both influenza viruses into mdbk cells incr ... | 1986 | 3707356 |
| evaluation of live avian-human reassortant influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 virus vaccines in seronegative adult volunteers. | an avian-human reassortant influenza a virus deriving its genes coding for the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the human influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) virus and its six "internal" genes from the avian influenza a/mallard/ny/6750/78 (h2n2) virus (i.e., a six-gene reassortant) was previously shown to be safe, infectious, nontransmissible, and immunogenic as a live virus vaccine in adult humans. two additional six-gene avian-human reassortant influenza viruses derived from the mating of ... | 1986 | 3711273 |
| immunity to influenza a virus infection in young children: a comparison of natural infection, live cold-adapted vaccine, and inactivated vaccine. | live attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) influenza a vaccines administered intranasally have been well characterized as safe and immunogenic, but comparative data on protective efficacy are required for further development. in this study, 59 young children were divided into the following four groups based on prior exposure to influenza a (h3n2) virus: natural infection, live ca vaccine given intranasally, inactivated vaccine given im, and no previous exposure. virus challenge with homologous live ca v ... | 1986 | 3711685 |
| risk factors for outbreaks of influenza in nursing homes. a case-control study. | to determine risk factors for outbreaks of influenza virus infections in chronic-care facilities for the elderly, the authors compared the characteristics of two groups of nursing homes in genesee county, michigan, in 1982-1983, following a community-wide epidemic caused by a/bangkok/1/79-like (h3n2) viruses: seven homes in which an outbreak occurred (case homes) and six homes with sporadic illnesses only (control homes). the two groups were similar in many respects, including the physical chara ... | 1986 | 3717133 |
| serum and nasal wash antibodies associated with resistance to experimental challenge with influenza a wild-type virus. | to identify immunological predictors of resistance to influenza a infection and illness, the immunological status of live and inactivated virus vaccines subsequently challenged with h1n1 or h3n2 wild-type virus was examined. we refer to prechallenge antibodies of vaccinees receiving live attenuated virus as infection induced and those receiving inactivated virus as inactivated vaccine induced. inactivated vaccine-induced protection against wild-type virus infection or illness correlated with the ... | 1986 | 3722363 |
| evaluation of avian-human reassortant influenza a/washington/897/80 x a/pintail/119/79 virus in monkeys and adult volunteers. | a reassortant influenza a virus was produced by mating an avian influenza a/pintail/alberta/119/79 (h4n6) virus with wild-type human influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) virus. the avian-human influenza a reassortant virus contained the genes coding for the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens of the human influenza wild-type virus and the six other rna segments (internal genes) of the avian influenza a virus donor. in the lower respiratory tract of squirrel monkeys, this avian-human ... | 1986 | 3722365 |
| immunogenicity of a single dose of trivalent influenza vaccine including a/philippines (h3n2): results of a field trial. | during 1982, a new a(h3n2) influenza virus subtype, a/philippines/2/82, was identified, and this strain was combined with previous a(h1n1) and b influenza virus strains in the trivalent inactivated vaccine recommended for the 1983-1984 influenza season. prior to the widescale use of this vaccine in israel, a group of 106 young male soldiers was vaccinated under controlled conditions. before vaccination, antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:40 were found in 14.1% against a/philippines (h3n2 ... | 1986 | 3723117 |
| primary structure of influenza virus genome regions coding for polypeptides from the major antigenic sites of h3 hemagglutinin. | nucleotide sequences for some regions of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) were analyzed. a double-stranded complementary dna was synthesized on the influenza genome rna in the presence of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides a gcaaaagcagg and a gtagaaacaag and inserted into the pst i-site of the pbr322 plasmid through g-c-tailing. nucleotide sequences were determined by a solid phase modification of the maxam and gilbert procedure. a comparison of our data ... | 1986 | 3727394 |
| [adsorbed subunit influenza vaccine: its isolation and characteristics]. | experimental batches of adsorbed subunit influenza vaccine were prepared from the envelope of glycoprotein antigens separated from the influenza virion by treatment with a cationic detergent (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). purified and concentrated influenza virus strains a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) were obtained by gradient centrifugation; additional purification, with a view to removing ovalbumin and structural components of the chorioallantoic membrane, was achieved by gelfiltration. the compositio ... | 1986 | 3727396 |
| value of serological tests in the diagnosis of viral acute respiratory infections in adults. | the dynamics of the antibody response to influenza viruses a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b, to parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, to adenoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus was studied in paired serum samples collected from 110 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infections (ari) and in 40 patients suffering from other diseases. rises in serum antibody titers to 1--5 of the above mentioned antigens were detected in many of the patients of both groups. the fact is most likely due to the presen ... | 1986 | 3727398 |
| immunoglobulin g, a and m response to influenza vaccination in different age groups: effects of priming and boosting. | fifty volunteers, treated with an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine containing a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), a/brazil/11/78 (h1n1) and b/singapore/222/79 virus, were subdivided according to the estimated first exposure to influenza in their lifetime (priming) and the presence of antibodies against the vaccine components in the pre-vaccination sera. the isotypic antibody response (igg, iga, igm) was determined by means of an antibody capture haemadsorption immunosorbent technique. for all three va ... | 1986 | 3734434 |
| comparison by studies in squirrel monkeys, chimpanzees, and adult humans of avian-human influenza a virus reassortants derived from different avian influenza virus donors. | we evaluated the abilities of three different avian influenza a viruses to attenuate the wild-type human influenza a/korea/1/82 (h3n2) virus in squirrel monkeys, chimpanzees, and adult seronegative human volunteers. two of these, avian influenza a/mallard/ny/78 and a/mallard/alberta/76 viruses, appeared to be satisfactory donors of attenuating genes for the production of live influenza a reassortant virus vaccines for human use because the reassortants exhibited an acceptable balance between att ... | 1986 | 3760140 |
| [reproductive activity of the influenza a virus in the splenocytes of experimental animals with mono- and mixed infections]. | virus-induced processes in organs and tissues of syrian hamsters in relation to the influenza a virus strain used (hon1 or h3n2), age of the animals, and in the presence of mixed infection were compared. the infection of young hamsters with a/pr8/34 and a/bangkok/1/79 viruses was shown to induce the synthesis of viral proteins np and m in spleen cells lasting for up to 15 days (the observation period). in mixed influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection the possibility of influenza viru ... | 1986 | 3765566 |
| molecular studies of the differential replication at pyrexial temperatures of two influenza viruses differing in virulence for ferrets. | replication of a virulent clone (7a) of the reassortant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2) in ferret nasal turbinate tissue is less affected than that of an attenuated clone (64d) by temperatures which occur during pyrexia in ferrets. this is a factor which contributes to the difference in virulence of the two clones. the differential replication of the two clones at pyrexial temperatures has been reproduced in allantois-on-shell (egg-bit) cultures, and the synthesis of v ... | 1986 | 3765825 |
| ultrastructure and some biological properties of influenza a virus. i. alterations in the activity of surface antigens of influenza a virus by enzymes and infectious activity of such changed viruses. | strain of a/zsrr/053/74 (h3n2) virus was subjected to the action of enzymes. treatment of the virus with soluble trypsin and trypsin bound to a carrier for different periods of time resulted in decreased neuraminidase activity and infectivity, however, hemagglutinin activity was preserved. after treatment pickled with soluble bromelain, virions of decreased hemagglutinin amount but preserved neuraminidase activity, were obtained. this was accompanied by a slight fall in the infectivity. bromelin ... | 1986 | 3778115 |
| [structure of major complex carbohydrate chains of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin]. | the structure of four oligosaccharides which are the main carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) has been elucidated. it was shown by means of enzymatic and mild acid hydrolysis, smith degradation and acetolysis that the oligosaccharides have very similar structures (noncomplete triantennary) and differ from each other only in the number (0, 1 or 2) and position of fucose residues. the peculiarities of glycosylation of h3 hemagglutinin from different st ... | 1986 | 3778535 |
| influenza in the united kingdom 1982-85. | influenza surveillance in the uk between the years 1982 and 1985 has demonstrated the regular winter appearance of influenza a virus of both h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes and influenza b. their antigenic diversity is described and correlated with the national statistics for morbidity and mortality for influenza. one unexpected finding has been that despite the wide circulation of influenza viruses there has been a continuation of winters without significant increases in influenza deaths or morbidity. a ... | 1986 | 3782786 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein gene of an avian and a human influenza virus strain identifies two classes of nucleoproteins. | the nucleotide sequences of rna segment 5 of an avian influenza a virus, a/mallard/ny/6750/78 (h2n2), and a human influenza a virus, a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2), were determined and the deduced amino acid sequences of the nucleoprotein (np) of these viruses were compared to two other avian and two other human influenza a np sequences. the results indicated that there are separate classes of avian and human influenza a np genes that can be distinguished on the basis of sites containing amino acids spec ... | 1986 | 3788059 |
| amantadine resistance in clinical influenza a (h3n2) and (h1n1) virus isolates. | thirty-nine influenza a (h1n1) and (h3n2) virus isolates were examined for their susceptibility to amantadine in allantois-on-shell (aos) cultures. a range of susceptibilities was found when isolates were titrated in the presence of 2.5 mg/l amantadine. further titration of resistant isolates at 25 mg/l revealed one isolate which remained totally resistant at this higher concentration. a series of cloned viruses was derived from this resistant isolate, and one other partially resistant isolate, ... | 1986 | 3793655 |
| laboratory studies of the 1984 influenza epidemic on the witwatersrand. | a particularly severe outbreak of influenza occurred on the witwatersrand from may to august 1984, caused sequentially by influenza a (h3n2), b/influenza and influenza a (h1n1) viruses. although the precise extent of the infection was impossible to determine, valuable anecdotal information was provided by a network of sentinel sampling stations in private practices, clinics and hospitals, representing a cross-section of population groups on the witwatersrand. this active surveillance programme w ... | 1986 | 3798269 |