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fine mapping of the clubroot resistance gene crb and development of a useful selectable marker in brassica rapa.in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa), the clubroot resistance (cr) gene crb is effective against plasmodiophora brassicae isolate no. 14, which is classified as pathotype group 3. although markers linked to crb have been reported, an accurate position in the genome and the gene structure are unknown. to determine the genomic location and estimate the structure of crb, we developed 28 markers (average distance, 20.4 kb) around crb and constructed a high-density partial map. the precise position of ...201323641188
lead and cadmium in some berries and vegetables on the finnish market in 1991-1993.in order to determine the present contribution of vegetables and berries to the intake of lead and cadmium in finland major vegetable groups as well as strawberries and blackcurrants were collected from wholesale distribution centres, orchards and the food industry. pooled samples were mixed to represent wholesale distribution centres, exporting countries or geographical regions. lead and cadmium were determined after wet digestion in concentrated hno3 using etaas with zeeman effect background c ...20137781823
development of a field bioassay for the side effects of pesticides on decomposition.a method has been developed for assessing the side effects of fungicides on decomposition using litterbags. twenty dried leaf disks of chinese cabbage, brassica oleracea, were placed in litterbags (20 x 20 cm) made of nylon fabric (25 microns mesh). the litterbags were laid in a treated plot and 5, 10, 20, and > 200 m from the treated plot and covered with 1 cm of standard soil. after 1 week, the dry weight of the leaf disks was determined. in an iterative procedure the method was optimized and ...20139626544
qtl mapping of leafy heads by genome resequencing in the ril population of brassica rapa.leaf heads of cabbage (brassica oleracea), chinese cabbage (b. rapa), and lettuce (lactuca sativa) are important vegetables that supply mineral nutrients, crude fiber and vitamins in the human diet. head size, head shape, head weight, and heading time contribute to yield and quality. in an attempt to investigate genetic basis of leafy head in chinese cabbage (b. rapa), we took advantage of recent technical advances of genome resequencing to perform quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping using 15 ...201324204591
deciphering the diploid ancestral genome of the mesohexaploid brassica rapa.the genus brassica includes several important agricultural and horticultural crops. their current genome structures were shaped by whole-genome triplication followed by extensive diploidization. the availability of several crucifer genome sequences, especially that of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa), enables study of the evolution of the mesohexaploid brassica genomes from their diploid progenitors. we reconstructed three ancestral subgenomes of b. rapa (n = 10) by comparing its whole-genome seq ...201323653472
homoeologous gsl-elong gene replacement for manipulation of aliphatic glucosinolates in brassica rapa l. by marker assisted selection.aliphatic glucosinolates are the predominant sulfur-rich plant secondary metabolites in economically important brassica crops. glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products are involved in plant-microbe, plant-insect, plant-animal, and plant-human interactions. it is, therefore, important to manipulate glucosinolate profiles and contents in brassica species. in this study, aliphatic glucosinolates were genetically manipulated through homoeologous recombination in backcross lines followed by marke ...201323532458
microrna expression analysis of rosette and folding leaves in chinese cabbage using high-throughput solexa sequencing.in this study, a global analysis of mirna expression from rosette leaves (rls) and folding leaves (fls) of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) was conducted using high-throughput solexa sequencing. in total, over 12 million clean reads were obtained from each library. sequence analysis identified 64 conserved mirna families in each leaf type and 104 and 95 novel mirnas from rls and fls, respectively. among these, 61 conserved mirnas and 61 novel mirnas were detected in both types ...201324055726
comprehensive analysis of genic male sterility-related genes in brassica rapa using a newly developed br300k oligomeric chip.to identify genes associated with genic male sterility (gms) that could be useful for hybrid breeding in chinese cabbage (brassicarapa ssp. pekinensis), floral bud transcriptome analysis was carried out using a b. rapa microarray with 300,000 probes (br300k). among 47,548 clones deposited on a br300k microarray with seven probes of 60 nt length within the 3' 150 bp region, a total of 10,622 genes were differentially expressed between fertile and sterile floral buds; 4,774 and 5,848 genes were up ...201324039743
gene ontology based characterization of expressed sequence tags (ests) of brassica rapa cv. osome.chinese cabbage (brassica rapa) is widely recognized for its economic importance and contribution to human nutrition but abiotic and biotic stresses are main obstacle for its quality, nutritional status and production. in this study, 3,429 express sequence tag (est) sequences were generated from b. rapa cv. osome cdna library and the unique transcripts were classified functionally using a gene ontology (go) hierarchy, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (kegg). kegg orthology and the structu ...201323898551
myb transcription factors regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis in different organs of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).in this study, we investigated the expression of seven myb transcription factors (a total of 17 genes that included dof1.1, iqd1-1, myb28, myb29, myb34, myb51, and myb122 and their isoforms) involved in aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate (gsl) biosynthesis and analyzed the aliphatic and indolic gsl content in different organs of chinese cabbage (brassica rapassp. pekinensis). myb28 and myb29 expression in the stem was dramatically different when compared with the levels in the other organs. myb ...201323881053
influence of stress hormones on the auxin homeostasis in brassica rapa seedlings.key message : stress hormones, particularly jasmonic acid, influenced root growth, auxin levels, and transcription of auxin amidohydrolase briar3 in brassica rapa seedlings, while auxin conjugate synthetases brgh3.1 and brgh3.9 were down-regulated by all treatments. the influence of stress hormones: jasmonic acid (ja), salicylic acid (sa), and abscisic acid (aba) on 1-day-old seedlings of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) was investigated with particular focus on auxin levels an ...201323508255
ogura-cms in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) causes delayed expression of many nuclear genes.we investigated the mechanism regulating cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis using floral bud transcriptome analyses of ogura-cms chinese cabbage and its maintainer line in b. rapa 300-k oligomeric probe (br300k) microarrays. ogura-cms chinese cabbage produced few and infertile pollen grains on indehiscent anthers. compared to the maintainer line, cms plants had shorter filaments and plant growth, and delayed flowering and pollen development. in microarray analysis, ...201323265314
genetic analysis of hybrid seed formation ability of brassica rapa in intergeneric crossings with raphanus sativus.a hybridization barrier leads to the inability of seed formation after intergeneric crossings between brassica rapa and raphanus sativus. most b. rapa lines cannot set intergeneric hybrid seeds because of embryo breakdown, but a b. rapa line obtained from turnip cultivar 'shogoin-kabu' is able to produce a large number of hybrid seeds as a maternal parent by crossings with r. sativus. in 'shogoin-kabu' crossed with r. sativus, developments of embryos and endosperms were slower than those in intr ...201323203221
discrimination of cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) cultivars grown in different geographical areas using ¹h nmr-based metabolomics.cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is one of the most popular foods in asia and is widely cultivated in many countries for the production of lightly fermented vegetables. in this study, metabolomic analysis was performed to distinguish two cultivars of cabbage grown in different geographical areas, korea and china, using ¹h nmr spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. principal component analysis (pca) showed clear discrimination between extracts of cabbage grown in kore ...201323199992
molecular characterization of the brassica rapa auxin-repressed, superfamily genes, brarp1 and brdrm1.two auxin-repressed superfamily genes, auxin-repressed protein 1 (arp1) and dormancy-associated protein 1 (drm1), are highly expressed in both the dormant buds and non-growing tissues of several plant species. to further identify the function of these proteins in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis), we examined comprehensive expression patterns of brarp1 and brdrm1 under various developmental and stress conditions. we also examined these same genes in transgenic arabidopsis plants ...201323065269
an improved plant leaf protein extraction method for high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and comparative proteomics.we report here a simple and universally applicable protocol for extracting high quality proteins from plant leaf tissues. the protocol provides improved resolution and reproducibility of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-de) and reduces the time required to analyze samples. partitioning rubisco by polyethylene glycol (peg) fractionation provides clearer detection of low-abundance proteins. co-extraction of interfering substances increases the sample conductivity, which result ...201323072551
pseudosigmoidea ibarakiensis sp. nov., a dark septate endophytic fungus from a cedar forest in ibaraki, japan.a dark septate fungus of pseudosigmoidea, hyphomycetes, was recovered from forest soil in ibaraki prefecture, japan. the isolate is characterized by pale to brown conidia with up to 8 septa measuring 68-132 × 4-7.9 mm. it is also unique in producing conidia borne by long conidogenious cells in agar medium with or without water, compared to p. cranei, which must be immersed in water to sporulate. morphological analysis indicated that the isolate is distinct from p. cranei and is described as a ne ...201324005845
pedobacter namyangjuensis sp. nov. isolated from soil and reclassification of nubsella zeaxanthinifaciens asker et al. 2008 as pedobacter zeaxanthinifaciens comb. nov.a gram-stain-negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 5g38(t), was isolated from a field cultivated with chinese cabbage in korea. the strain grew at 5-40°c and at ph 6.0-8.0. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5g38(t) represented a distinct lineage within the family sphingobacteriaceae and showed the highest 16s rrna gene sequence similarity of 95.2% with pedobacter koreensis wpcb189(t), followed by pedobacter agri pb92(t) (94.6%), ...201323456708
ethylenediaminedissuccinate as a new chelate for environmentally safe enhanced lead phytoextraction.using a soil column experiment, we compared the effect of a single dose and weekly additions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and ethylenediaminedissuccinate (edds) on the uptake of pb, zn, and cd by chinese cabbage [brassica rapa l. subsp. pekinensis (lour.) hanelt], and on the leaching of heavy metals through the soil profile. the analysis of plant material revealed that both chelates increased the concentrations of pb and, to a lesser extent, also of zn and cd in the leaves of the te ...201312708673
comparison of ascorbic acid biosynthesis in different tissues of three non-heading chinese cabbage cultivars.ascorbic acid (l-asa) is an important antioxidant in plants and humans. vegetables are one of the main sources of ascorbic acid for humans. for instance, non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis makino) is considered as one of the most important vegetables in south china. to elucidate the mechanism by which asa accumulates, we systematically investigated the expression profiles of d-mannose/l-galactose pathway-related genes. we also investigated the recycling-related genes ...201324157701
chemical stabilization of cadmium in acidic soil using alkaline agronomic and industrial by-products.in situ immobilization of heavy metals using reactive or stabilizing materials is a promising solution for soil remediation. therefore, four agronomic and industrial by-products [wood biochar (wb), crushed oyster shell (os), blast furnace slag (bfs), and fluidized-bed crystallized calcium (fbcc)] and caco3 were added to acidic soil (cd = 8.71 mg kg(-1)) at the rates of 1%, 2%, and 4% and incubated for 90 d. chinese cabbage (brassica chinensis l.) was then planted in the soil to test the cd uptak ...201323947715
identification of gene expression profile during fertilization in brassica campestris subsp. chinensis.fertilization is controlled by a complex gene regulatory network. to study the fertilization mechanism, we determined time courses of the four developmental stages of fertilization in chinese cabbage pak-choi (brassica campestris subsp. chinensis) by cytological observation. we then used the arabidopsis ath1 microarray to characterize the gene expression profiles of pollinated and unpollinated pistils in b. campestris subsp. chinensis. the result showed 44 up-regulated genes and 33 down-regulate ...201323379337
effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the quality and bioactive compounds of chinese cabbage (brasicca rapa l. ssp. chinensis).the perishability of brassica chinensis poses a major challenge to distribution and marketing. the aim of this work was to select a suitable modified atmosphere packaging to retain the overall quality and bioactive compounds during storage.201323254451
bcmf11, a novel non-coding rna gene from brassica campestris, is required for pollen development and male fertility.key message : bcmf11 as a non-coding rna gene has an essential role in pollen development, and might be useful for regulating the pollen fertility of crops by antisense rna technology. we previously identified a 828-bp full-length cdna of bcmf11, a novel pollen-specific non-coding mrna-like gene from chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino). however, little information is known about the function of bcmf11 in pollen development. to investigate its exact biological roles in ...201323064614
determination of streptomycin residue in cucumber and chinese cabbage by high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization and fluorometric detection.a sensitive and accurate method was developed for the determination of streptomycin using hplc followed by postcolumn derivatization and fluorometric detection. the analyte was extracted, using aqueous solution from cucumber and chinese cabbage, by a two-step spe procedure. the extraction, cleanup, and chromatography conditions were optimized, and the performance of the analysis method was evaluated. the conditions of chromatography were as follows: the separation was performed on a c18 column; ...201322649941
evaluation of antioxidant activity of leafy vegetables and beans with myoglobin method.key message : antioxidant activity of seven leafy vegetables and four beans against five reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species was clearly characterized with a protocol using myoglobin as a reporter probe. antioxidant activity of seven leafy vegetables and four beans against peroxyl radical, hydroxyl radical, hypochlorite ion, and peroxynitrite ion has been measured using myoglobin as a reporter probe (myoglobin method). conventional dpph method was also used to evaluate antioxid ...201323160640
[study of multi-residue method for determining pesticide residues in processed foods manufactured from agricultural products by lc-ms/ms].a rapid multi-residue method for determination of pesticide residues in processed foods manufactured from agricultural products was examined. five ml water was added to 5 g sample in a polypropylene tube, and the tube was left to stand at room temperature for 30 min. then, 20 ml acetonitrile was added to the sample. the mixture was homogenized in a high-speed homogenizer, followed by salting out with 1 g nacl and 4 g anhydrous mgso4. after centrifugation, the organic layer was purified on a grap ...201324389475
sol-gel molecularly imprinted polymer for selective solid phase microextraction of organophosphorous pesticides.a sol-gel technique was applied for the preparation of water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer (mip) for solid phase microextraction (spme) using diazinon as template and polyethylene glycol as functional monomer. the mip-coated fiber demonstrated much better selectivity to diazinon and its structural analogs in aqueous cucumber sample than in distilled water, indicating its potential in real samples. thanks to its specific adsorption as well as rough and porous surface, the coating revea ...201324054683
[accumulation law of epigoitrin in roots of isatis indigotica of different breed types].to study the distribution law of epigoitrin in roots of isatis indigotica of different breed types and provide a scientific basis for screening of high-quality isatis indigotica breed.201323901642
[phytoavailability and chemical speciation of cadmium in different cd-contaminated soils with crop root return].pot experiments were conducted under greenhouse condition to investigate the effects of crop root return on succeeding crops growth, cd uptake and soil cd speciation in cd-contaminated soil and artificial cd-contaminated soil. the results showed that the amount of root residue returned to soil by corn and kidney bean growth successive for 3 times was 0.4%-1.1%. the cd returned to soil by root residue was 1.3%-3.5% to the total soil cd. there was no significant difference in the shoot dry weights ...201323668141
commercial versus synthesized polymers for soil erosion control and growth of chinese cabbage.soil erosion leads to environmental degradation and reduces soil productivity. the use of anionic polyacrylamide (pam) and synthesized biopolymer (bp) using lignin, corn starch, acrylamide, and acrylic acid were tested to evaluate soil erosion, water quality, and growth of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.). each treatment of pam and bp was applied at 200 kg ha(-1) to loamy sand soil and subjected to a slope of 36% with a 20 mm h(-1) simulated rainfall. application of bp decreased soil ph ...201325674399
the maturation zone is an important target of piriformospora indica in chinese cabbage roots.the mutualistic symbiont piriformospora indica exhibits a great potential in agriculture. the interaction between p. indica and chinese cabbage (brassica campestris cv. chinensis) results in growth and biomass promotion of the host plant and in particular in root hair development. the resulting highly bushy root phenotype of colonized chinese cabbage seedlings differs substantially from reports of other plant species, which prompted the more detailed study of this symbiosis. a large-scale expres ...201324006423
genotypic differences in nitrate uptake, translocation and assimilation of two chinese cabbage cultivars [brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis (l.)].a hydroponic trial was conducted to investigate genotypic differences in nitrate uptake, translocation and assimilation between low nitrate accumulator l18 and high accumulator h96 of chinese cabbage [brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis (l.)]. the results suggested that h96 could uptake more nitrate than l18 in the root but lower transport inside leaf cells and assimilation in the leaf. it was showed that root morphology parameters - length, surface area and volume of h96 were 18.0%, 31.6% and ...201323770590
permethrin and its two metabolite residues in seven agricultural crops.metabolite residues of permethrin are not reported in the literature for most agricultural crops. this paper reports residues of permethrin and its 2 metabolites (dichlorovinyl acid and metaphenoxybenzyl alcohol) in 7 different agricultural crops (chinese cabbage, spinach, asparagus, raspberries, green peas, turnip roots, and turnip greens). permethrin residues declined approximately 85% within 7 days after treatment in all crops. in most cases, the acid metabolite residues peaked at 3 days, and ...20134086440
effects of red pepper powder on microbial communities and metabolites during kimchi fermentation.to investigate the effects of red pepper powder on kimchi fermentation, baechu (chinese cabbage) and mu (radish) kimchi, with and without red pepper powder, were prepared and their characteristics, including ph, colony-forming units (cfu), microbial communities, and metabolites, were periodically monitored for 40days. measurements of ph and cfu showed that the lag phases of kimchi fermentation were clearly extended by the addition of red pepper powder. microbial community analysis using a barcod ...201323290232
direct determination of atrazine residue on chinese cabbage leaf using desorption electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and its application for diagnosing atrazine drift phytotoxicity.a method was developed for the determination of atrazine residue and phytotoxicity on a nontargeted plant, the chinese cabbage. the analysis was done by desorption electrospray ionization combined with ion trap ms/ms. within the range of 63.13 to 2525 pg/mm2 of atrazine on the specimen, the linear relationship of the average peak area of extracted product ion m/z 174 (y) versus the surface concentration of atrazine (x) was estimated as y = 5066.5x - 85779; r was 0.9994, with rsd between 3.37 and ...201319916397
pectate lyase-like 9 from brassica campestris is associated with intine formation.brassica campestris pectate lyase-like 9 (bcpll9) was previously identified as a differentially expressed gene both in buds during late pollen developmental stage and in pistils during fertilization in chinese cabbage. to characterize the gene's function, antisense-rna lines of bcpll9 (bcpll9) were constructed in chinese cabbage. self- and cross-fertilization experiments harvested half seed yields when bcpll9 lines were used as pollen donors. in vivo and in vitro pollen germination assays showed ...201425443834
bcmf8, a putative arabinogalactan protein-encoding gene, contributes to pollen wall development, aperture formation and pollen tube growth in brassica campestris.the arabinogalactan protein (agp) gene family is involved in plant reproduction. however, little is known about the function of individual agp genes in pollen development and pollen tube growth. in this study, brassica campestris male fertility 8 (bcmf8), a putative agp-encoding gene previously found to be pollen specific in chinese cabbage (b. campestris ssp. chinensis), was investigated.201424489019
copper toxicity in chinese cabbage is not influenced by plant sulphur status, but affects sulphur metabolism-related gene expression and the suggested regulatory metabolites.the toxicity of high copper (cu) concentrations in the root environment of chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis) was little influenced by the sulphur nutritional status of the plant. however, cu toxicity removed the correlation between sulphur metabolism-related gene expression and the suggested regulatory metabolites. at high tissue cu levels, there was no relation between sulphur metabolite levels viz. total sulphur, sulphate and water-soluble non-protein thiols, and the expression and activit ...201423648043
bcrisp1, isolated from non-heading chinese cabbage, decreases the seed set of transgenic arabidopsis.mitochondria are the energy sources of plant cells and are involved in regulating cell development. ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase iron-sulfur protein, which is necessary for mitochondrial respiration, is a subunit of mitochondrial electron transport chain multimeric enzyme complexes. to better understand the biological function of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase iron-sulfur protein, the full-length cdna of bcrisp1 was cloned; it was found to contain 810 base pairs and encode 269 amino ac ...201426504557
development of a heterologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for organophosphorus pesticides with phage-borne peptide.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect organophosphorus pesticides using a phage-borne peptide that was isolated from a cyclic 8-residue peptide phage library. the ic50 values of the phage elisa ranged from 1.4 to 92.1 μg l-1 for eight organophosphorus pesticides (parathion-methyl, parathion, fenitrothion, cyanophos, epn, paraoxon-methyl, paraoxon, fenitrooxon). the sensitivity was improved 120- and 2-fold compared to conventional homologous and heterologous elisa, ...201426290688
sabre2: a database connecting plant est/full-length cdna clones with arabidopsis information.the sabre (systematic consolidation of arabidopsis and other botanical resources) database cross-searches plant genetic resources through publicly available arabidopsis information. in sabre, plant expressed sequence tag (est)/cdna clones are related to tair (the arabidoposis information resource) gene models and their annotations through sequence similarity. by entering a keyword, sabre searches and retrieves tair gene models and annotations, together with homologous gene clones from various pl ...201424323624
accumulation of heavy metals in leaf vegetables from agricultural soils and associated potential health risks in the pearl river delta, south china.this study investigated the extent of heavy metal accumulation in leaf vegetables and associated potential health risks in agricultural areas of the pearl river delta (prd), south china. total concentrations of mercury (hg), cadmium (cd), lead (pb), chromium (cr) and arsenic (as) were determined in 92 pairs of soil and leaf vegetable (flowering chinese cabbage, lettuce, pakchoi, chinese cabbage, loose-leaf lettuce, and chinese leaf mustard) samples collected from seven agricultural areas (cities ...201424185814
determination and study on dissipation and residue of bismerthiazol and its metabolite in chinese cabbage and soil.a simple and accurate method for the determination of bismerthiazol and its metabolite 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was developed in chinese cabbage and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in this study. the limits of detection were 0.06 mg/kg for bismerthiazol and 0.03 mg/kg for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, respectively. recoveries of cabbage and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and were in the range of 84.0-96.0% for bismerthiazol ...201424065135
[variety recognition of chinese cabbage seeds by hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning].the variety of chinese cabbage seeds were recognized using hyperspectral imaging with 256 bands from 874 to 1,734 nm in the present paper. a total of 239 chinese cabbage seed samples including 8 varieties were acquired by hyperspectral image system, 158 for calibration and the rest 81 for validation. a region of 15 pixel x 15 pixel was selected as region of interest (roi) and the average spectral information of roi was obtained as sample spectral information. multiplicative scatter correction wa ...201425532356
unusual tandem expansion and positive selection in subgroups of the plant gras transcription factor superfamily.gras proteins belong to a plant transcription factor family that is involved with multifarious roles in plants. although previous studies of this protein family have been reported for arabidopsis, rice, chinese cabbage and other species, investigation of expansion patterns and evolutionary rate on the basis of comparative genomics in different species remains inadequate.201425524588
berteroin present in cruciferous vegetables exerts potent anti-inflammatory properties in murine macrophages and mouse skin.berteroin (5-methylthiopentyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane analog present in cruciferous vegetables, including chinese cabbage, rucola salad leaves, and mustard oil. we examined whether berteroin exerts anti-inflammatory activities using lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated raw 264.7 macrophages and 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced mouse skin inflammation models. berteroin decreased lps-induced release of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines in raw 264.7 ma ...201425393510
multi-residue method for determination of 238 pesticides in chinese cabbage and cucumber by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: comparison of different purification procedures.this paper describes the comparison of five sample cleanup procedures for the determination of 238 pesticides via triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms, with only 10 min of chromatographic running time) in chinese cabbage and cucumber. samples were extracted with a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (quechers) preparation method and cleanup with different sorbents, including primary secondary amine (psa), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts), a ...201425380470
development of a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method for the determination of multi-class antimicrobials in vegetables by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.a modified quick, easy, cheap, efficient, rugged and safe (quechers) method coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) was developed for rapid determination of 26 veterinary antimicrobials in vegetables. samples were extracted by single-phase extraction with acetonitrile-methanol (85:15, v/v) and citric buffer solution, followed by liquid-liquid partitioning with the addition of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. a dispersive solid-phase extraction with ...201425311488
field evidence of cadmium phytoavailability decreased effectively by rape straw and/or red mud with zinc sulphate in a cd-contaminated calcareous soil.to reduce cd phytoavailability in calcareous soils, the effects of soil amendments of red mud, rape straw, and corn straw in combination with zinc fertilization on cd extractability and phytoavailability to spinach, tomato, chinese cabbage and radish were investigated in a calcareous soil with added cd at 1.5 mg kg-1. the results showed that water soluble and exchangeable cd in soils was significantly decreased by the amendments themselves from 26% to 70%, which resulted in marked decrease by ap ...201425303439
anaerobic digestion of chinese cabbage waste silage with swine manure for biogas production: batch and continuous study.the aim of this study was to investigate the potential for anaerobic co-digestion of chinese cabbage waste silage (ccws) with swine manure (sm). batch and continuous experiments were carried out under mesophilic anaerobic conditions (36-38°c). the batch test evaluated the effect of ccws co-digestion with sm (sm: ccws=100:0; 25:75; 33:67; 0:100, % volatile solids (vs) basis). the continuous test evaluated the performance of a single stage completely stirred tank reactor with sm alone and with a m ...201425176305
development of phage immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for organophosphorus pesticides in agro-products.two immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays (ilamp) were developed by using a phage-borne peptide that was isolated from a cyclic eight-peptide phage library. one assay was used to screen eight organophosphorus (op) pesticides with limits of detection (lod) between 2 and 128 ng ml(-1). the ilamp consisted of the competitive immuno-reaction coupled to the lamp reaction for detection. this method provides positive results in the visual color of violet, while a negative response result ...201425135320
immobilization and phytotoxicity of chromium in contaminated soil remediated by cmc-stabilized nzvi.the toxic effect of cr(vi)-contaminated soil remediated by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron (cmc-stabilized nzvi) was assessed through in vitro toxicity and phytotoxicity tests. in vitro tests showed that 0.09 g l(-1) of fe(0) nanoparticles (soil-to-solution ratio was 1 g:5 ml) significantly reduced the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (tclp) leachability and physiological based extraction test (pbet) bioaccessibility of cr by 82% and 58%, respective ...201424880637
milk prevents the degradation of daikon (raphanus sativus l.) isothiocyanate and enhances its absorption in rats.epidemiological and experimental researches show that isothiocyanate (itc), a class of phytochemical compounds that imparts a characteristic biting taste and pungent odour to cruciferous vegetables, such as daikon (japanese white radish, raphanus sativus l. daikon group), broccoli, cabbage, and chinese cabbage, possesses anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. the concentration of daikon itc, which degrades in aqueous solution, was measured in mixtures of daikon juice and water, corn oil, o ...201424837937
[determination of four organophosphorus pesticides and their metabolites in vegetables using solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry].metabolites were 76.9%- 102.8%, the precision ranged from 5.92% to 10. 19%, the limits of quantification ranged from 0. 001 to 0. 01 mg/l, and the linear correlation coefficients were 0. 998 2-0. 999 9 in the range of 0. 01 -1. 00 mg/l. this method was applied in the analysis of chinese cabbages, hot peppers, tomatoes and onions from markets. this method can be applied in rapid detection of the organophosphorus pesticides and their metabolites in vegetables. metabolites were 76.9%-102.8%, the pr ...201424822447
calcium involved in the poly(γ-glutamic acid)-mediated promotion of chinese cabbage nitrogen metabolism.plant growth can reportedly be promoted by poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-pga). however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. to reveal the mechanism of γ-pga, we designed an experiment that investigated the effect of γ-pga on the nitrogen metabolism of chinese cabbage hydroponic cultured at different calcium (ca) levels and varied exogenous ca(2+) inhibitors. the results showed that nitrate reductase (nr), glutamine synthetase (gs), glutamate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in leaves ...201424762787
genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis of the heat shock transcription factor family in chinese cabbage.the hsf gene family, one of the most important transcription factor families, plays crucial roles in regulating heat resistance. however, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of this gene family has not been reported in chinese cabbage. therefore, systematic analysis of the hsf gene family in chinese cabbage has profound significance. in this study, 35 brhsf genes were identified from chinese cabbage, which could be classified into three groups according to their structural characteristics an ...201424609322
complete genome sequence analysis identifies a new genotype of brassica yellows virus that infects cabbage and radish in china.for brassica yellows virus (bryv), proposed to be a member of a new polerovirus species, two clearly distinct genotypes (bryv-a and bryv-b) have been described. in this study, the complete nucleotide sequences of two bryv isolates from radish and chinese cabbage were determined. sequence analysis suggested that these isolates represent a new genotype, referred to here as bryv-c. the full-length sequences of the two bryv-c isolates shared 93.4-94.8 % identity with bryv-a and bryv-b. further phylo ...201424599564
effect of feed to microbe ratios on anaerobic digestion of chinese cabbage waste under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions: biogas potential and kinetic study.the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the feed-to-microbe (f/m) ratios on anaerobic digestion of chinese cabbage waste (ccw) generated from a kimchi factory. the batch test was conducted for 96 days under mesophilic (36.5 °c) (experiment i) and thermophilic (55 °c) conditions (experiment ii) at f/m ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. the first-order kinetic model was evaluated for methane yield. the biogas yield in terms of volatile solids (vs) added increased from 591 to 677 ml/g ...201424412592
identification of differentially accumulating pistil proteins associated with self-incompatibility of non-heading chinese cabbage.non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino), an important vegetable crop in china, exhibits a typical sporophytic self-incompatibility (si) system. to better understand the mechanism of si response and identify potential candidate proteins involved in the si system of this vegetable crop, the proteomic approach was taken to identify differential accumulating pistil proteins. pistils were collected at 0 h and 2 h after self-pollination at anthesis in self-incompatib ...201423581423
bcmf21 is important for pollen development and germination in brassica campestris ssp. chinensis.brassica campestris male fertility 21 (bcmf21) was previously isolated from the flower buds of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp. chinensis makino, syn. b. rapa ssp. chinensis) and expressed specifically in tapetum and microspores during the meiosis stage and the uninucleate stage of microspore development. here, we used antisense rna technology to knock down the expression level of bcmf21 in b. campestris and analyzed the phenotype of the transgenic plants. alexander staining and scan ...201424323195
erucin, the major isothiocyanate in arugula (eruca sativa), inhibits proliferation of mcf7 tumor cells by suppressing microtubule dynamics.consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with reduced risk of various types of cancer. isothiocyanates including sulforaphane and erucin are believed to be responsible for this activity. erucin [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylthio)butane], which is metabolically and structurally related to sulforaphane, is present in large quantities in arugula (eruca sativa, mill.), kohlrabi and chinese cabbage. however, its cancer preventive mechanisms remain poorly understood. we found that erucin inhib ...201424950293
evaluation of phytoavailability of heavy metals to chinese cabbage (brassica chinensis l.) in rural soils.this study compared the extractability of cd, cu, ni, pb, and zn by 8 extraction protocols for 22 representative rural soils in taiwan and correlated the extractable amounts of the metals with their uptake by chinese cabbage for developing an empirical model to predict metal phytoavailability based on soil properties. chemical agents in these protocols included dilute acids, neutral salts, and chelating agents, in addition to water and the rhizon soil solution sampler. the highest concentrations ...201425295297
expression analysis of self-incompatibility-associated genes in non-heading chinese cabbage.in brassicaceae, a self-incompatibility (si) system mediates pollen-pistil interactions. self-pollen could be recognized and rejected by incompatible pistils. several components involved in the si response have been determined, including s-locus receptor kinase (srk), s-locus cysteine-rich protein/s-locus protein 11, and arm repeat-containing protein 1 (arc1). however, the components involved in the si system of brassicaceae are not fully understood. here, we detected expression patterns of 24 s ...201425062491
molecular cloning and expression of the male sterility-related ctyabby1 gene in flowering chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l. ssp chinensis var. parachinensis).expression of the yabby gene family in the abaxial surface of lateral plant organs determines abaxial destiny of cells, enhances growth and expansion of lateral organs, and plays an important role in polar establishment of lateral organs. however, the yabby gene has not been studied in male sterility and fertility restoration. we homologously cloned the ctyabby1 gene of male-sterile tc1 in brassica campestris l. ssp chinensis var. parachinensis; its expression was analyzed by real-time pcr. a 93 ...201425036178
effects of spray application of lanthanum and cerium on yield and quality of chinese cabbage (brassica chinensis l) based on different seasons.the use of single light rare earth elements in agriculture was studied using the application of single rare earth elements (la and ce) to chinese cabbage (brassica chinensis l.) in field plot experiments where the soil conditions remained the same but the season (spring or autumn) in which application occurred was altered. the results showed that the chinese cabbage's nutrition quality between the two seasons had obvious differences. when planted in the autumn, the soluble sugar and vitamin c co ...201425022243
roseomonas soli sp. nov., isolated from an agricultural soil cultivated with chinese cabbage (brassica campestris).a bacterial strain, designated 5n26(t), was isolated from an agricultural soil cultivated with chinese cabbage (brassica campestris). cells of this strain were gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming rods, and catalase- and urease-negative. the major fatty acids of strain 5n26(t) were c16 : 0 (7.5 %), c18 : 1 2-oh (13.4 %) and summed feature 8 (c18:1ω6c and/or c18:1ω7c; 63.2%). the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidy ...201424363292
[environmental safety assessment on the new super absorbent polymers applied into a soil-chinese cabbage system].super absorbent polymers (saps), a new water retention material, have a potential for application in water-saving agricultural production. in this study, we investigated the effects of saps, synthesized from natural plant extracts, on chinese cabbage fresh weight, soil water content, soil water stable aggregates, soil microbial biomass (carbon) and soil microbial respiration under three water conditions (excessive, normal and deficient) and two saps application strategies (bulk treatment and spr ...201424812978
the role of dark septate endophytic fungal isolates in the accumulation of cesium by chinese cabbage and tomato plants under contaminated environments.following the 2011 fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant accident, the preservation of the food chain from radionuclides contamination has become of crucial importance. the potential of dark septate endophytic fungi in the management of cs accumulation in plants under contaminated environments was investigated using chinese cabbage and tomato plants. four endophytic fungal isolates of different species, i.e. pseudosigmoidea ibarakiensis i.4-2-1, veronaeopsis simplex y34, helminthosporium velutin ...201425296037
proteomic analysis of non-heading chinese cabbage infected with hyaloperonospora parasitica.downy mildew is a serious fungal disease in non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis makino) that is caused by hyaloperonospora parasitica, which infects members of the brassicaceae family. for breeding improvement, researchers must understand the defence mechanisms employed by non-heading chinese cabbage to combat h. parasitica infection. using 2-de protein analysis, we compared the proteomes from leaves of non-heading chinese cabbage seedlings that were infected with h. ...201424334100
impact of selenium supply on se-methylselenocysteine and glucosinolate accumulation in selenium-biofortified brassica sprouts.brassica sprouts are widely marketed as functional foods. here we examined the effects of se treatment on the accumulation of anticancer compound se-methylselenocysteine (semscys) and glucosinolates in brassica sprouts. cultivars from the six most extensively consumed brassica vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, green cabbage, chinese cabbage, kale, and brussels sprouts) were used. we found that se-biofortified brassica sprouts all were able to synthesize significant amounts of semscys. analysis ...201425038715
cropping systems and cultural practices determine the rhizoctonia anastomosis groups associated with brassica spp. in vietnam.ninety seven rhizoctonia isolates were collected from different brassica species with typical rhizoctonia symptoms in different provinces of vietnam. the isolates were identified using staining of nuclei and sequencing of the rdna-its barcoding gene. the majority of the isolates were multinucleate r. solani and four isolates were binucleate rhizoctonia belonging to anastomosis groups (ags) ag-a and a new subgroup of a-f that we introduce here as ag-fc on the basis of differences in rdna-its sequ ...201425372406
speciation of vanadium in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.) and soils in response to different levels of vanadium in soils and cabbage growth.this study highlights the accumulation and speciation of vanadium in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l.) in relation to the speciation of soil vanadium with pot experiments at 122-622mgvkg(-1) by spiking nh4vo3. cabbage planting decreased the bioavailable and residual vanadium based on sequential extraction, leading to enrichment of oxalate-extractable vanadium in soils. the biomass production increased with increasing concentrations of soil vanadium from 122 to 372mgvkg(-1), probably due to the ...201424997904
genome-wide identification and characterization of aquaporin genes (aqps) in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).aquaporins (aqps) are members of a superfamily of integral membrane proteins and play a significant role in the transportation of small molecules across membranes. however, currently little is known about the aqp genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). in this study, a genome-wide analysis was carried out to identify the aqp genes in chinese cabbage. in total, 53 non-redundant aqp genes were identified that were located on all of the 10 chromosomes. the number of aqp genes in c ...201424972664
mapping of quantitative trait loci for the bolting trait in brassica rapa under vernalizing conditions.premature bolting can occur occasionally during spring cultivation of heading chinese cabbage in east asia when the plants encounter low temperatures (vernalization), leading to economic loss. breeding bolting-resistant cultivars is the best choice for solving this problem. we looked for qtls responsible for varietal differences in the bolting trait in brassica rapa under environmental conditions that promote vernalization. to achieve this goal, we constructed a linkage map with 107 simple seque ...201424938603
variation of glucosinolate accumulation and gene expression of transcription factors at different stages of chinese cabbage seedlings under light and dark conditions.chinese cabbage is one of the most important leafy vegetables widely used in east asian cuisines. the glucosinolate (gsl) accumulation and transcript levels of 7 transcription factors (dof1.1, iqd1-1, myb28, myb29, myb34, myb51, and myb122, and their isoforms) involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates (gsls) were analyzed at different stages of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) seedlings under light and dark conditions using high performance liquid chroma ...201424868877
pectate lyase-like10 is associated with pollen wall development in brassica campestris.pectate lyase-like10 (pll10) was previously identified as one of the differentially expressed genes both in microspores during the late pollen developmental stages and in pistils during the fertilization process in chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). here, antisense-rna was used to study the functions of bcpll10 in chinese cabbage. abnormal pollen was identified in the transgenic lines (bcpll10-4, -5, and -6). in fertilization experiments, fewer seeds were harvested when the an ...201424773757
genome-wide identification, phylogeny, duplication, and expression analyses of two-component system genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).in plants, a two component system (tcs) composed of sensor histidine kinases (hks), histidine phosphotransfer proteins (hps), and response regulators (rrs) has been employed in cytokinin signal transduction. a tcs exhibits important functions in diverse biological processes, including plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. conducting an exhaustive search of the chinese cabbage genome, a total of 20 hk(l) (11 hks and 9 hkls), 8 hp (7 authentic and 1 pseudo), and 57 rr ( ...201424585003
identification of sequence-related amplified polymorphism and insertion-deletion markers linked to the male fertility restorer gene of pol-like cms06j45 in heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp pekinensis).in order to map the restorer gene brrfp of the polima (pol)-like cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) 06j45 line in heading chinese cabbage, an f2 segregating population with 258 individuals of cms06j45 and the restorer line 01s325 were tested by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap) and insertion-deletion (indel) technologies combined with the bulked segregant analysis method. as a result, two srap markers, me3em3.366 and pm88bg5.263, that were linked with the brrfp gene were identified fr ...201425501170
genome-wide identification and analysis of the growth-regulating factor family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis).growth regulating factors (grfs) have been shown to play important roles in plant growth and development. grf genes represent a large multigene family in plants. recently, genome-wide structural and evolutionary analyses of the grf gene families in arabidopsis, rice, and maize have been reported. chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis) is one of the most important vegetables for agricultural production, and a full genome assembly for this plant has recently been released. however, to ...201425242257
genome-wide analysis of the gras gene family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).the gras gene family is one of the most important families of transcriptional regulators. in this study, 48 gras genes are identified from chinese cabbage, and they are classified into eight groups according to the classification of arabidopsis. the characterization, classification, gene structure and phylogenetic construction of gras proteins are performed. distribution mapping shows that gras proteins are nonrandomly localized in 10 chromosomes. fifty-five orthologous gene pairs are shared by ...201424365788
genome-wide analysis of the bhlh transcription factor family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors are widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms and are thought to be one of the largest families of regulatory proteins. this important family of transcriptional regulators plays crucial roles in plant development. however, a systematic analysis of the bhlh transcription factor family has not been reported in chinese cabbage. in this study, 230 bhlh transcription factors were identified from the whole chinese cabbage genome and compared with pr ...201424241166
identification of yellow pigmentation genes in brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis using br300 microarray.the yellow color of inner leaves in chinese cabbage depends on its lutein and carotene content. to identify responsible genes for yellow pigmentation in leaves, the transcriptome profiles of white (kenshin) and yellow leaves (wheessen) were examined using the br300k oligomeric chip in chinese cabbage. in yellow leaves, genes involved in carotene synthesis (brpsy, brpds, brcrtiso, and brlcye), lutein, and zeaxanthin synthesis (brcyp97a3 and brhydb) were upregulated, while those associated with ca ...201425629030
insecticide residues in head lettuce, cabbage, chinese cabbage, and broccoli grown in fields.the residues of four insecticides belonging to different families were studied on head lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. capitata l.), cabbage (brassica oleracea linn. var. capitata dc.), chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis skeels), and broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) after pesticide application. to reduce application variability, a tank mix of acetamiprid 20% sp, chlorpyrifos 22.5% ec, deltamethrin 2.4% sc, and methomyl 40% sp was applied at recommended and double doses. initial deposi ...201424684565
microrna319a-targeted brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis tcp genes modulate head shape in chinese cabbage by differential cell division arrest in leaf regions.leafy heads of cabbage (brassica oleracea), chinese cabbage (brassica rapa), and lettuce (lactuca sativa) are composed of extremely incurved leaves. the shape of these heads often dictates the quality, and thus the commercial value, of these crops. using quantitative trait locus mapping of head traits within a population of 150 recombinant inbred lines of chinese cabbage, we investigated the relationship between expression levels of microrna-targeted brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis teosinte branch ...201424351684
brpspl9 (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis spl9) controls the earliness of heading time in chinese cabbage.the leafy heads of cabbage (brassica oleracea), chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis), brussels sprouts (b. oleracea ssp. gemmifera) and lettuce (lactuca sativa) comprise extremely incurved leaves that are edible vegetable products. the heading time is important for high quality and yield of these crops. here, we report that brpspl9-2 (b. rapa ssp. pekinensis squamosa promoter binding-like 9-2), a target gene of microrna brp-mir156, controls the heading time of chinese cabbage. quantit ...201424237584
a practical approach to minimize the interaction of dietary vitamin k with warfarin.the many interactions between warfarin and other drugs and foods generate great challenges for clinicians and patients in maintaining stable anitcoagulation. interactions due to variable vitamin k content of different dietary items influence the therapy of nearly all patients on warfarin. unfortunately, there is no widely acceptable, patient-friendly strategy for managing such interactions. in this contribution, we propose a practical approach to managing this troublesome interaction, consisting ...201424383939
organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables from farms, markets, and a supermarket around kwan phayao lake of northern thailand.this study investigated organophosphorus (op) residues in vegetables from 27 farms, 106 markets, and 1 supermarket around kwan phayao lake, northern thailand, between august and september 2013. types of vegetables sampled were all vegetables cultivated or sold around the study site. the most common op pesticides detected in farm samples were chlorpyrifos (50 %), malathion (31.8 %), monocrotophos (31.8 %), diazinon (13.6 %), omethoate (13.6 %), and dicrotophos (9.1 %). the most common op pesticid ...201424609615
[ecotoxicological effect and soil environmental criteria of the heavy metal chromium(vi)].nowadays, systematic studies about water quality criteria are being carried out in china, but studies on soil environmental criteria are comparatively insufficient. in this study, germination and root growth of 8 terrestrial plants (triticum aestivum, lactuca sativa, cucumis sativus, zea mays, brassica pekinensis, glycine max, allium tuberosum and solanum lycopersicum) and growth inhibition of 1 terrestrial animal (achatina fulica) were used to determine the chronic ecotoxicological effects of c ...201425338393
molecular characterization of two glutathione peroxidase genes of panax ginseng and their expression analysis against environmental stresses.glutathione peroxidases (gpxs) are a group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ros). gpx catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) or organic hydroperoxides to water or alcohols by reduced glutathione. the presence of gpxs in plants has been reported by several groups, but the roles of individual members of this family in a single plant species have not been studied. two gpx cdnas were isolated and characterized from the embryoge ...201424269671
phytotoxic cis-clerodane diterpenoids from the chinese liverwort scapania stephanii.five cis-clerodane diterpenoids, stephanialides a-e, along with seven known cis-clerodanes, scaparvins a-c, parvitexins b and c, 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-parvitexin a, and scapanialide b, were isolated from the chinese liverwort scapania stephanii. their structures were established unequivocally on the basis of spectroscopic data. the absolute configuration of stephanialide a was determined by analysis of cd data using the octant rule. phytotoxic activity evaluation showed that this type of diterpenoi ...201424947338
beyond genomic variation--comparison and functional annotation of three brassica rapa genomes: a turnip, a rapid cycling and a chinese cabbage.brassica rapa is an economically important crop species. during its long breeding history, a large number of morphotypes have been generated, including leafy vegetables such as chinese cabbage and pakchoi, turnip tuber crops and oil crops.201424684742
genes associated with agronomic traits in non-heading chinese cabbage identified by expression profiling.the genomes of non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. chinensis), heading chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) and their close relative arabidopsis thaliana have provided important resources for studying the evolution and genetic improvement of cruciferous plants. natural growing conditions present these plants with a variety of physiological challenges for which they have a repertoire of genes that ensure adaptability and normal growth. we investigated the differential expre ...201424655567
antifungal activity of paenibacillus kribbensis strain t-9 isolated from soils against several plant pathogenic fungi.the bacterial strain t-9, which shows strong antifungal activity, is isolated from the soils of samcheok, gangwondo and identified as paenibacillus kribbensis according to morphological and taxonomic characteristics and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the p. kribbensis strain t-9 strongly inhibits the growth of various phytopathogenic fungi including botrytis cinerea, colletotricum acutatum, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, magnaporthe oryzae, phytophthora capsici, rhizoctonia sol ...201425288992
bcpmi2, isolated from non-heading chinese cabbage encoding phosphomannose isomerase, improves stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco.phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) is an enzyme that catalyses the first step of the l-galactose pathway for ascorbic acid (asa) biosynthesis in plants. to clarify the physiological roles of pmi in asa biosynthesis, the cdna sequence of pmi was cloned from non-heading chinese cabbage (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis makino) and overexpressed in tobacco transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens. the asa and soluble sugar contents were lower in 35s::bcpmi2 tobacco than in wild-type tobacco. howeve ...201424430300
promoting effects of a single rhodopseudomonas palustris inoculant on plant growth by brassica rapa chinensis under low fertilizer input.several rhodopseudomonas palustris strains have been isolated from rice paddy fields in taiwan by combining the winogradsky column method and molecular marker detection. these isolates were initially screened by employing seed germination and seedling vigor assays to evaluate their potential as inoculants. to fulfill the demand in the present farming system for reducing the application of chemical fertilizers, we assessed the plant growth-promoting effects of the r. palustris ysc3, ysc4, and ps3 ...201425130882
identification of candidate genes for fusarium yellows resistance in chinese cabbage by differential expression analysis.fusarium yellows caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans is an important disease of brassica worldwide. to identify a resistance (r) gene against fusarium yellows in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa var. pekinensis), we analyzed differential expression at the whole genome level between resistant and susceptible inbred lines using rna sequencing. four hundred and eighteen genes were significantly differentially expressed, and these were enriched for genes involved in response to stress or ...201424668026
identification of lactic acid bacteria in salted chinese cabbage by sds-page and pcr-dgge.lactic acid bacteria (lab) in salted chinese cabbage, the main ingredient of kimchi, were analyzed by culture-dependent sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), followed by sequencing of the 16s rrna gene and by culture-independent polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge), followed by sequencing of the v3 region of the 16s rrna gene. the results were compared to those of lab that had previously been found in kimchi.201423749756
improvement of fermented chinese cabbage characteristics by selected starter cultures.traditional fermented vegetables have inconsistent quality and high nitrite content, whereas a commercial starter culture could overcome these problems. a total of 34 lactic acid bacteria strains were screened from 2 homemade naturally fermented chinese cabbages. fermented characters of single starter or mixed cultures were examined, including acidification, growth rate, and nitrite depletion ability in the fermented culture. as a result, the combined starter culture (lactobacillus delbrueckii i ...201424974856
[bacterial infections, what we can learn from each outbreak].studies on outbreaks or incidences of infectious diseases and food poisonings are the starting points in research. analyses of the outbreaks will provide the mechanism by which the illnesses occur and the establishment of countermeasure. we report here some sensational outbreaks which recently occurred in japan: 1) enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157 outbreaks by pickled chinese cabbage in hokkaido, 2) ehec o157/o111 outbreaks by raw beef in toyama prefecture, 3) parasitic food poison ...201424681992
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