Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| transcription of the gene for parathyroid hormone-related peptide from the human is activated through a camp-dependent pathway by prostaglandin e1 in htlv-i-infected t cells. | human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) is the etiologic agent of adult t-cell leukemia (atl), and hypercalcemia frequently associated with atl is mediated by parathyroid hormone-related peptide (pthrp). the present study was undertaken to clarify the role of camp second messenger system in the regulation of human pthrp gene expression in atl cells, using an htlv-i-infected t-cell line, mt-2. forskolin and dibutyryl camp (bt2camp) caused a marked and transient increase in the steady-state le ... | 1993 | 8380405 |
| bovine papilloma virus (bpv)-encoded e1 protein contains multiple activities required for bpv dna replication. | replication of bovine papilloma virus (bpv) dna requires two virus-encoded proteins, e1 and e2, while all other proteins are supplied by the host cell. here, we describe the isolation of the e1 protein and show that it is a multifunctional protein. purified e1 protein was required for the in vitro replication of bpv origin-containing dna by extracts of mouse cells, as reported [yang, l., li, r., mohr, i. j., clark, r. & botchan, m. r. (1991) nature (london) 353, 628-632]. in addition, the e1 pro ... | 1993 | 8380645 |
| bovine papilloma virus (bpv)-encoded e2 protein enhances binding of e1 protein to the bpv replication origin. | the replication of bovine papilloma virus (bpv) dna in vivo requires two viral-encoded proteins, e1 and e2, while all other proteins are derived from the host. we described previously the isolation of the e1 protein and showed that it contains multiple functions required for bpv dna replication. the bpv transcription factor e2 was shown by others to stimulate bpv dna replication in vitro. here, we present results that account for the role of the e2 protein. the e1 protein bound selectively to th ... | 1993 | 8385347 |
| synthesis and assembly of infectious bovine papillomavirus particles in vitro. | bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) virions were produced in vitro using vaccinia virus (vv) recombinants expressing the bpv-1 l1 and l2 capsid proteins. particles morphologically resembling papillomaviruses were observed in the nucleus of cells infected with a vv recombinant for the bpv-1 l1 protein, and greater numbers of similar particles were seen in the nuclei of cells infected with a vv double recombinant for l1 and l2. virus-like particles (vlps) assembled in cells infected with the vv d ... | 1993 | 8385700 |
| characterization of human papillomavirus type 11 e1 and e2 proteins expressed in insect cells. | the study of human papillomavirus replication has been hampered by the lack of an in vitro system which reliably supports virus replication. recent results from the bovine papillomavirus (bpv) system indicate that the e1 and e2 proteins are the only viral gene products required for replication. by analogy with simian virus 40 large t antigen, e1 is thought to possess atpase and helicase activity, which may play a direct role in viral dna replication. the precise role of e2 is unclear, but it may ... | 1993 | 8386271 |
| characterization of the hepatitis c virus-encoded serine proteinase: determination of proteinase-dependent polyprotein cleavage sites. | processing of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) h strain polyprotein yields at least nine distinct cleavage products: nh2-c-e1-e2-ns2-ns3-ns4a-ns4b-ns5a-ns5b-co oh. as described in this report, site-directed mutagenesis and transient expression analyses were used to study the role of a putative serine proteinase domain, located in the n-terminal one-third of the ns3 protein, in proteolytic processing of hcv polyproteins. all four cleavages which occur c terminal to the proteinase domain (3/4a, 4a/4b, ... | 1993 | 8386278 |
| characterization of hepatitis c virus structural proteins with a recombinant baculovirus expression system. | we cloned and expressed the sequences encoding the structural proteins of the hepatitis c virus in a baculovirus eukaryotic expression system. four recombinant constructs expressed sufficient hepatitis c virus-specific proteins in insect cell culture to allow analysis of protein cleavage, glycosylation and immunoreactivity. using immunoblot analysis, we detected a 22-kd protein corresponding to the hepatitis c virus capsid protein cleaved from a larger precursor. recombinant constructs encoding ... | 1993 | 8387945 |
| processing of the envelope glycoproteins of pestiviruses. | the genomic rna of pestiviruses is translated into a large polyprotein that is cleaved into a number of proteins. the structural proteins are n terminal in this polyprotein and include three glycoproteins called e0, e1, and e2 on the basis of the order in which they appear in the polyprotein. using pulse-chase experiments, we show that a pestiviral glycoprotein precursor, e012, is formed that is processed into e0, e1, and e2 in an ordered fashion. processing is initiated by a nascent cleavage be ... | 1993 | 8388499 |
| the e1 protein of bovine papilloma virus 1 is an atp-dependent dna helicase. | for efficient dna replication of papillomaviruses, only two viral-encoded proteins, e1 and e2, are required. other proteins and factors are provided by the host cell. e2 is an enhancer of both transcription and replication and is known to help e1 bind cooperatively to the origin of dna replication. e1 is sufficient for replication in extracts prepared from permissive cells, but the activity is enhanced by e2. here we show that purified e1 can act as an atp-dependent dna helicase. to measure this ... | 1993 | 8389467 |
| expression, identification and subcellular localization of the proteins encoded by the hepatitis c viral genome. | we have expressed the full-length coding region and selected domains of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) cdna in mammalian cells by transfection. using hcv antibody-positive human sera and monospecific antibodies the proteins encoded by the putative structural and non-structural regions of the open reading frame of hcv were identified as core (p22), e1 (gp32-35), e2 (gp68-72), ns2 (p23), ns3 (p72), ns4a and b (p10 and p27) and ns5a and b (p56 and p70). we have also defined the subcellular localizatio ... | 1993 | 8389800 |
| failure of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect human papilloma virus (hpv) in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. | in contrast to cervical and penile carcinoma, in situ hybridization techniques have not been able to demonstrate an association of hpv with transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of the bladder. the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the mid 1980s has significantly increased the ability to detect small quantities of viral dna over conventional methods. thus, we designed a study to determine if the pcr technique was able to demonstrate the presence of hpv dna in tcc specimens. the ... | 1993 | 8390802 |
| cooperative assembly of the bovine papilloma virus e1 and e2 proteins on the replication origin requires an intact e2 binding site. | using quantitative gel retardation assays the properties of the bovine papilloma virus (bpv) origin recognition protein e1 and the effect of the viral e2 protein on the binding of e1 to bpv origin dna were examined. as reported previously (seo, y.s., mueller, f., lusky, m., gibbs, e., kim, h.-y., phillips, b. and j. hurwitz (1993) proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 90, 2865-2869), the e1 protein binds specifically to dna sequences within the bpv origin (ori+) of replication. we also show that the p ... | 1993 | 8393453 |
| repression of bovine papillomavirus type 1 transcription by the e1 replication protein. | bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) is the prototype virus for the study of papillomavirus gene regulation. the functions of the bpv-1 e2 proteins in transcriptional regulation have been well characterized. the bpv-1 e1 protein is required for viral dna replication and can bind to the origin of replication alone or in a complex with the e2 transactivator protein. in this study, we demonstrated that the bpv-1 e1 protein is also involved in transcriptional regulation. the e1 protein significantly ... | 1993 | 8394436 |
| at least 12 genotypes of hepatitis c virus predicted by sequence analysis of the putative e1 gene of isolates collected worldwide. | in a previous study we sequenced the 5' noncoding (nc) region of 44 isolates of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and identified heterogeneous domains that provided evidence for additional genetic groups of hcv not previously recognized. in this study we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the putative envelope 1 (e1) gene in 51 hcv isolates from around the world and found that they could be grouped into at least 12 distinct genotypes. the e1 gene sequence of 8 of these genotypes has not b ... | 1993 | 8396266 |
| phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events play critical roles in sindbis virus maturation. | we have examined the effects of various inhibitors of protein kinases and phosphatases on sindbis virus maturation in bhk cells. 2-aminopurine, a nonspecific protein kinase inhibitor, n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (w-7), a specific inhibitor of calmodulin/ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase, and okadaic acid (oka), a protein phosphatase inhibitor, dose-dependently inhibited sindbis virus maturation. although virus production was inhibited, the membrane glycoprotein ... | 1993 | 8396806 |
| coordinate transcriptional control of murine endogenous retrovirus and ig genes during b cell differentiation. | proliferation and differentiation of b lymphocytes are usually concurrent but independently regulated events. anti-mu treatment of murine b lymphocytes stimulated with lps provides a model system in which proliferation and differentiation may be independently studied. this treatment causes enhanced proliferation but with coordinate suppression of transcription of a family of unrelated genes including those for ig heavy and light chains, j chain, and endogenous murine leukemia virus (mulv) sequen ... | 1993 | 8397253 |
| retention of a cis golgi protein requires polar residues on one face of a predicted alpha-helix in the transmembrane domain. | the first membrane-spanning domain (m1) of the model cis golgi protein m (formerly called e1) from the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is required for targeting to the golgi complex. when inserted in place of the membrane-spanning domain of a plasma membrane protein (vesicular stomatitis virus g protein), the chimeric protein ("gm1") is retained in the golgi complex of transfected cells. to determine the precise features of the m1 domain responsible for golgi targeting, we produced ... | 1993 | 8400455 |
| characterization of hepatitis c virus envelope glycoprotein complexes expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. | we constructed recombinant vaccinia virus vectors for expression of the structural region of hepatitis c virus (hcv). infection of mammalian cells with a vector (vv/hcv1-906) encoding c-e1-e2-ns2 generated major protein species of 22 kda (c), 33 to 35 kda (e1), and 70 to 72 kda (e2), as observed previously with other mammalian expression systems. the bulk of the e1 and e2 expressed by vv/hcv1-906 was found integrated into endoplasmic reticulum membranes as core-glycosylated species, suggesting t ... | 1993 | 8411378 |
| molecular analysis of neurovirulent strains of sindbis virus that evolve during persistent infection of scid mice. | to understand the role of tissue-specific adaptation and antibody-induced selectional pressures in the evolution of neurovirulent viruses, we analyzed three strains of sindbis virus isolated from the brains of persistently infected scid mice and four strains of sindbis virus isolated from the brains of scid mice with viral reactivation following immune serum treatment. for each viral isolate, we tested neurovirulence in weanling balb/c mice and sequenced regions of the e2 and e1 envelope glycopr ... | 1993 | 8411391 |
| the intracisternal a-particle upstream element interacts with transcription factor yy1 to activate transcription: pleiotropic effects of yy1 on distinct dna promoter elements. | murine intracisternal a-particle long terminal repeats contain an intracisternal a-particle upstream enhancer (iue) element that binds to a 65-kda iue binding protein (iueb) present in both undifferentiated f9 embryonal carcinoma cells and differentiated parietal endoderm-like pys-2 cells. this iue element confers a cpg methylation-sensitive iueb binding and enhancer activity. using gel retardation, methylation interference, cpg methylation sensitivity binding, and cotransfection assays, we have ... | 1993 | 8413258 |
| activation of the human immunodeficiency virus promoter by uva radiation in combination with psoralens or angelicins. | the effects of mono- and bifunctional furocoumarins plus uva radiation (puva and related treatments) on the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) promoter were studied using hela cells stably transfected with the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene under the control of the hiv-1 promoter. the experiments were performed with three psoralens (5-methoxypsoralen, 5-mop; 8-methoxypsoralen, 8-mop; and 4'-aminomethyl-4,8,5'-trimethylpsoralen, amt) and four angelicins (angelicin; 4,5'-dimethylangel ... | 1993 | 8415914 |
| a unique mitigator sequence determines the species specificity of the major late promoter in adenovirus type 12 dna. | human adenovirus type 12 (ad12) cannot replicate in hamster cells, whereas human cells are permissive for ad12. ad12 dna replication and late-gene and virus-associated rna expression are blocked in hamster cells. early ad12 genes are transcribed, and the viral dna can be integrated into the host genome. ad12 dna replication and late-gene transcription can be complemented in hamster cells by e1 functions of ad2 or ad5, for which hamster cells are fully permissive (for a review, see w. doerfler, a ... | 1993 | 8419643 |
| the distribution of sindbis virus proteins in mosquito cells as determined by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. | two aedes albopictus (mosquito) subclones, c7-10 and c6/36, were examined by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy for the distribution of sindbis virus structural and non-structural proteins. both the viral glycoproteins, e1 and e2, and the non-structural proteins, nsp1 and nsp2, were found within vesicles and electron-dense, amorphous matrices associated with sindbis virus infection. the labelling patterns indicated that both replication of viral rna and production of virus particle ... | 1993 | 8429303 |
| transient translocation of the cytoplasmic (endo) domain of a type i membrane glycoprotein into cellular membranes. | the e2 glycoprotein of the alphavirus sindbis is a typical type i membrane protein with a single membrane spanning domain and a cytoplasmic tail (endo domain) containing 33 amino acids. the carboxyl terminal domain of the tail has been implicated as (a) attachment site for nucleocapsid protein, and (b) signal sequence for integration of the other alpha-virus membrane proteins 6k and e1. these two functions require that the carboxyl terminus be exposed in the cell cytoplasm (a) and exposed in the ... | 1993 | 8432728 |
| membrane fusion of semliki forest virus in a model system: correlation between fusion kinetics and structural changes in the envelope glycoprotein. | this paper presents a kinetic analysis of low-ph-induced fusion of semliki forest virus (sfv) with cholesterol-containing unilamellar lipid vesicles (liposomes), consisting otherwise of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin. fusion is monitored continuously with a lipid mixing assay, involving virus bio-synthetically labeled with the fluorophore pyrene. at ph 5.55, 37 degrees c, sfv-liposome fusion occurs on the time scale of seconds. extensive fusion (up to 60% of the ... | 1993 | 8440260 |
| mapping cell-mediated immunodominant domains of the rubella virus structural proteins using recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides. | although it is known that rubella-immune individuals have t cells that proliferate in vitro in response to rubella virus (rv), the determinants that evoke this response have not been identified. this study utilized recombinant proteins that express overlapping sequences of the rv structural open reading frame to identify domains of the structural proteins that contain cell-mediated immunodominant sequences. lysates enriched with rv fusion proteins (reca-rv-lacz) were prepared from escherichia co ... | 1993 | 8445367 |
| overexpression of wild-type p53 and c-myc in human fetal cells transformed with adenovirus early region 1. | the expression of p53 in a large panel of adenovirus (ad) 2/5- and 12-transformed human, rat, and mouse cells has been examined. in all cases, in the absence of the larger ad e1b protein, the level of p53 is very low. in human and rat cells when the ad 12 e1b 54k polypeptide is expressed, p53 is much more abundant, although this is not the case in ad 12 e1-transformed mouse cells. we conclude that expression of p53 is determined by virus serotype, host cell type, and viral proteins expressed. p5 ... | 1993 | 8460477 |
| the rubella virus e2 and e1 spike glycoproteins are targeted to the golgi complex. | rubella virus (rv) has been reported to bud from intracellular membranes in certain cell types. in this study the intracellular site of targeting of rv envelope e2 and e1 glycoproteins has been investigated in three different cell types (cho, bhk-21 and vero cells) transfected with a cdna encoding the two glycoproteins. by indirect immunofluorescence, e2 and e1 were localized to the golgi region of all three cell types, and their distribution was disrupted by treatment with bfa or nocodazole. im ... | 1993 | 8468347 |
| inhibition of sindbis virus replication by cyclopentenone prostaglandins: a cell-mediated event associated with heat-shock protein synthesis. | cyclopentenone prostaglandins (pgs) have been shown to inhibit the replication of several dna and rna viruses. here we report on the effect of prostaglandin a1 (pga1) on the multiplication of a positive strand rna virus, sindbis virus, in vero cells under one-step multiplication conditions. pga1 was found to inhibit sindbis virus production dose-dependently, and virus yield was reduced by more than 90% at the concentration of 8 micrograms/ml, which was non-toxic to the cells and did not inhibit ... | 1993 | 8470883 |
| site-directed mutations in the sindbis virus e2 glycoprotein identify palmitoylation sites and affect virus budding. | the assembly and budding of sindbis virus, a prototypic member of the alphavirus subgroup in the family togaviridae, requires a specific interaction between the nucleocapsid core and the membrane-embedded glycoproteins e1 and e2. these glycoproteins are modified posttranslationally by the addition of palmitic acid, and inhibitors of acylation interfere with this budding process (m.j. schlesinger and c. malfer, j. biol. chem. 257:9887-9890, 1982). this report describes the use of site-directed mu ... | 1993 | 8474160 |
| cellular immune response to hog cholera virus (hcv): t cells of immune pigs proliferate in vitro upon stimulation with live hcv, but the e1 envelope glycoprotein is not a major t-cell antigen. | t-cell responses of pigs to hog cholera virus (hcv) have reportedly been absent or difficult to detect. therefore, little is known about cellular immunity to hcv. in this study, we used an attenuated strain of pseudorabies virus expressing the envelope glycoprotein e1 of hcv and purified recombinant e1 to examine whether the e1 protein is a target antigen recognized by the t cells of hcv-immune pigs. we were unable to identify the e1 protein as a major target antigen recognized by the t cells of ... | 1993 | 8474180 |
| comparison of glass wool and glass powder methods for concentration of viruses from treated waste waters. | enumeration of cultivable virus particle in sewage requires the samples to be concentrated. two adsorption-elution methods, the glass wool cartridge method and the glass powder fluid layer method were compared. firstly, it was demonstrated that virus could be readily recovered from the head, first 25 ml, of eluate of glass wool rather than from a reconcentration of the entire eluate, either by organic flocculation: 83% of positivity vs 44% respectively or double precipitation by peg: 85% of posi ... | 1993 | 8476496 |
| endogenous expression of e1a in human cells enhances the effect of adenovirus e3 on class i major histocompatibility complex antigen expression. | group c human adenovirus (ad) serotypes (e.g., ad type 2 [ad2] and ad5) cause persistent infections in humans. one explanation for ad persistence is an ineffective cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response due to diminished cell surface expression of class i major histocompatibility antigen (mhc ag) on ad-infected cells, an effect mediated by the ad e3 19-kda glycoprotein (e3 effect). however, we previously reported that, except for the ad5 e1-transformed human cell line 293, a variety of human lymphoid, ... | 1993 | 8497046 |
| structural gene products and morphogenesis of a hybrid between rubella virus and a hamster latent retrovirus. | we studied the structural gene products and morphogenesis of the hybrid between rubella virus (rv) and a latent retrovirus (r-type virus or r virus) of a baby hamster kidney cell line, bhk21/wi-2. in electron microscopic analysis, the rubella virion measures 80 nm in diameter and has a round nucleoid form with an electron-lucid centre, while r-type virus is 110 nm in diameter and has a round nucleoid with radial spokes. the type 2 hybrid (h2) virion is pleomorphic, ranging from 85 to 110 nm in d ... | 1993 | 8511398 |
| an in-frame insertion into the sindbis virus 6k gene leads to defective proteolytic processing of the virus glycoproteins, a trans-dominant negative inhibition of normal virus formation, and interference in virus shut off of host-cell protein synthesis. | encoded in the genomes of all alphaviruses is a hydrophobic polypeptide of 55 amino acids, which is post-translationally modified with 4 covalently bound palmitic acids. this protein, noted as 6k, associates with membranes and is transported along with the two virus transmembranal glycoproteins to the site of virus assembly at the infected cell's plasma membrane. previous studies showed that mutations in the 6k protein led to the slow release of aberrant, multi-cored infectious virions. in this ... | 1993 | 8094927 |
| characterization of rubella virus strain differences associated with attenuation. | a comparison of the phenotypic properties of three rubella vaccines (hpv77/de5, ra27/3 and cendehill) and four wild-type (wt+) isolates (m33, therien, thomas and ib2) has been carried out. differences in growth characteristics, plaque morphology and temperature sensitivity were identified. in addition differential reactivity of the strains to polyclonal and a monoclonal anti-e1 antibody were found in immunoperoxidase-staining reactions. the ability of the wt+ and vaccine strains to infect lympho ... | 1993 | 8169114 |
| analysis of hepatitis c virus capsid, e1, and e2/ns1 proteins expressed in insect cells. | the baculovirus/insect cell expression system was used to express the capsid protein and glycoproteins (e1 and e2/ns1) of the hepatitis c virus (hcv). each polypeptide domain was expressed individually using two different constructs varying at their carboxy termini in order to retain or delete hydrophobic domains that may be involved in membrane association. the capsid proteins were transported to the nucleus where they formed a single large crystal-like inclusion. the capsid proteins were phosp ... | 1993 | 8212557 |
| cellular hyperimmunoreactivity to rubella virus synthetic peptides in chronic rubella associated arthritis. | immune recognition of the major structural proteins of rubella virus by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial inflammatory infiltrates of a patient with documented chronic rubella associated arthritis was compared with responses of normal healthy rubella virus immunoreactive subjects to establish if there were unusual response patterns associated with rubella associated arthritis in this subject. | 1993 | 8215622 |
| variability of the envelope regions of hcv in european isolates and its significance for diagnostic tools. | following the original description of hcv in 1989 a tremendous amount of sequence data is now available. based on the 8 complete nucleotide sequences published so far at least 4 genotypes can be distinguished. partial sequences of additional hcv isolates indicate the existence of further genotypes. a serological typing is not yet possible. for detection of virus, reverse transcription and amplification of the 5' non coding region is most commonly performed. this region of the genome is highly co ... | 1993 | 8219809 |
| molecular characterization of positive-strand rna viruses: pestiviruses and the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). | molecular characterization has become an important tool for the analysis of viruses including their classification. the manuscript focuses on the molecular analysis of two members of the genus pestivirus (hog cholera virus, hcv and bovine viral diarrhea virus, bvdv) and of the recently discovered porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the first protein encoded within the single large pestivirus orf is a nonstructural protein with autoproteolytic activity. the cleavage site ... | 1993 | 8219812 |
| genetic variability of german hepatitis c virus isolates. | heterogeneity of hepatitis c viral (hcv) genomes of several isolates from different countries has been reported, but there is little information on hcv isolates for the federal republic of germany. therefore, the nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of interesting parts of the viral genome derived from different human isolates in germany were compared with each other and with the nt and predicted aa sequences of recently published isolates. hcv sequences were obtained by reverse ... | 1993 | 8228920 |
| role of spike protein conformational changes in fusion of semliki forest virus. | the alphavirus semliki forest virus (sfv) and a number of other enveloped animal viruses infect cells via a membrane fusion reaction triggered by the low ph within endocytic vesicles. in addition to having a low ph requirement, sfv fusion and infection are also strictly dependent on the presence of cholesterol in the host cell membrane. a number of conformational changes in the sfv spike protein occur following low-ph treatment, including dissociation of the e1-e2 dimer, conformational changes i ... | 1993 | 8230478 |
| human adenovirus type 5 recombinants expressing simian immunodeficiency virus macaque strain gag antigens. | the p55 gag gene of simian immunodeficiency virus macaque strain (sivmac) and the core p27 gag component linked to a synthetic aug codon have been cloned into adenovirus type 5 vectors to generate either viable e3-replacement or defective e1-replacement viruses. the viruses express the expected siv proteins in both human and, for the non-defective viruses, monkey cells. a considerable proportion of the p55 produced is exported from the infected cell. these viruses should prove useful both in stu ... | 1993 | 8277293 |
| sequence and sequence analysis of e1 and pix regions of the bav3 genome. | bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav3) is a dna virus that causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders in cattle. we have sequenced the extreme left end of bav3 genome (0-11.7 map units). partial analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed 19 potential open reading frames (orfs) that could encode for polypeptides of 50 or more amino acids. four of these orfs show homology to known adenovirus polypeptides. the four bav3 orfs are located in approximately the same area as the ad5 e1a, e1b, and pix ... | 1993 | 8150592 |
| cytomegalovirus dna in arterial walls of patients with atherosclerosis. | the biological properties of cytomegalovirus (cmv) are consistent with a potential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. the evidence of such a role has so far been circumstantial, but cmv nucleic acid is beginning to be reported with increasing frequency in the arterial wall. arterial specimens from 135 patients who underwent vascular surgery for symptomatic atherosclerotic vessel disease were analyzed by pcr for the presence of cmv nucleic acid. samples were studied from the atheromatou ... | 1994 | 8158112 |
| temperature-sensitive steps in the transport of semliki forest virus envelope proteins in mosquito c6/36 cells. | we have analysed the temperature dependence of the transport of semliki forest virus (sfv) envelope proteins in mosquito cells, the natural host cells of alphaviruses. these cells are cultivated at a lower temperature (28 degrees c) and have a different lipid composition as compared to mammalian cells. when the incubation temperature was reduced at early times after infection, the onset of virus shedding was delayed and the maximal titers decreased correspondingly to the temperature. no virus wa ... | 1994 | 8279948 |
| formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds during maturation of the sindbis virus e1 glycoprotein. | the rigidly ordered icosahedral lattice of the sindbis virus envelope is composed of a host-derived membrane bilayer in which the viral glycoproteins e1 and e2 reside. e1-e1 interactions stabilized by intramolecular disulfide bridges play a significant role in maintaining the envelope's structural integrity (r. p. anthony and d. t. brown, j. virol. 65:1187-1194, 1991; r. p. anthony, a. m. paredes, and d. t. brown, virology 190:330-336, 1992). we have examined the acquisition of disulfide bridges ... | 1994 | 8289384 |
| molecular characterization of border disease virus, a pestivirus from sheep. | three serologically different pestivirus strains isolated from sheep were selected for molecular analysis. cdna and deduced amino acid sequences of the genomic regions encoding glycoproteins e1 and e2 were obtained from the three strains. a comparison with amino acid sequences of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) revealed that one of the three ovine pestivirus strains can be grouped together with bvdv. the other two strains, however, were clearly different ... | 1994 | 8291236 |
| isolation and characterization of a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody to the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. in this study a hybridoma line secreting a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody that neutralizes rsv was isolated. two chimpanzees were immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the rsv f or g surface glycoprotein and 1 month later were infected intranasally with the wild-type rsv strain a2. peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from the animals were trans ... | 1994 | 8556524 |
| inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat-dependent activation of translation in xenopus oocytes by the benzodiazepine ro24-7429 requires trans-activation response element loop sequences. | two benzodiazepine compounds, [7-chloro-5-(2-pyrryl)-3h-1,4 benzodiazapin-2-(h)-one] (ro5-3335) and [7-chloro-5-(1h-pyrrol-2-yl)-3h-benzo[e] [1,4] diazepin-2-yl]- methylamine (ro24-7429), inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication via a specific effect on the function of the transactivator protein, tat. to gain further insight into the mechanism of action of these compounds, we have tested their effects in an alternative assay for tat activation in xenopus oocytes. in this s ... | 1994 | 8254735 |
| classical swine fever: genetic detection and analysis of differences between virus isolates. | two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed that specifically amplified regions of the classical swine fever virus genome. these products, corresponding to a 671 bp portion of the genes encoding the e1 and e2 (gp33 and gp55) proteins and a 1090 bp portion of the putative polymerase gene, were amplified from eight virus isolates which had been responsible for a series of classical swine fever outbreaks in italy involving both domestic pigs and wild boar. for each virus the fragments were p ... | 1994 | 7996138 |
| hemagglutinating and sialidase activities of subpopulations of influenza a viruses. | the present study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of two samples of influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) virus, one of them selected by an adsorption-elution technique, to determine the possible existence of virus variants or subpopulations. based on specificity of virulence-related cell receptor-binding and sialidase activities, this selection technique using human o group erythrocytes revealed the presence of variants within a standard virus sample with diversity for their hemaggl ... | 1994 | 8000335 |
| radioimmunoprecipitation and immunoblot studies of antibodies to rubella virus in patients with chronic liver disease. | patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (aicah) and some other chronic liver disorders often have very high titres of rubella hi antibodies. in the present study sera from 46 patients with chronic liver disease and controls were examined for rubella antibodies using radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) and western blot. ripa appeared to be more suitable than western blot for the study of the individual antibody specificities provided that proteins (possibly actin) interfering with the ... | 1994 | 8002792 |
| ablation of e2a in recombinant adenoviruses improves transgene persistence and decreases inflammatory response in mouse liver. | first-generation recombinant adenoviruses that lack e1 sequences have shown tremendous promise in animal and human models of gene therapy. important limitations of these vectors are that recombinant gene expression is transient and inflammation occurs at the site of gene transfer. our hypothesis for generating vectors with increased persistence is that present recombinant adenoviruses express viral proteins that stimulate cellular immune responses leading to destruction of the infected cells and ... | 1994 | 8016137 |
| comparison of novel synthetic peptide-based detect-rubella enzyme immunoassays with enzygnost and imx for detection of rubella-specific immunoglobulin g. | enzyme immunoassays (eias) using synthetic peptides sp-e1 and sp-e1e2 (detect-rubella [bio-chem]) were compared with two viral lysate-based eias (enzygnost [behring] and imx [abbott]) for the detection of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies. sensitivities of 94.7, 100, 98.6, and 100% and specificities of 100, 97.4, 100, and 73.7% were found for the sp-e1, sp-e1e2, enzygnost, and imx eias, respectively. | 1994 | 8027318 |
| assembly of rubella virus structural proteins into virus-like particles in transfected cells. | we have developed a stably transfected cho cell line (cho24s) that expresses the three structural proteins of rubella virus (rv). rv proteins c (capsid), e2, and e1 are secreted from cho24s cells in the form of rv-like particles (rlps) which form by budding into the cisterna of the golgi complex. rlps resemble rv virions in their size and morphology and have an identical buoyant density when purified on sucrose gradients. release of rlps into the medium was found to be dependent upon the e1 cyto ... | 1994 | 8030223 |
| assembly and entry mechanisms of semliki forest virus. | the alphavirus semliki forest (sfv) is an enveloped virus with a positive single-stranded rna genome. the genome is complexed with 240 copies of a capsid protein into a nucleocapsid structure. in the membrane the virus carries an equal number of copies of a membrane protein heterodimer. the latter oligomers are grouped into clusters of three. these structures form the spikes of the virus and carry its entry functions, that is receptor binding and membrane fusion activity. the membrane protein he ... | 1994 | 8032265 |
| identification of genotypes of hepatitis c virus by sequence comparisons in the core, e1 and ns-5 regions. | isolates of hepatitis c virus (hcv) show considerable nucleotide sequence variability throughout the genome. comparisons of complete genome sequences have been used as the basis of classification of hcv into a number of genotypes that show 67 to 77% sequence similarity. in order to investigate whether sequence relationships between genotypes are equivalent in different regions of the genome, we have carried out formal sequence analysis of variants in the 5' non-coding region (5'ncr) and in the g ... | 1994 | 8176367 |
| mutational analysis of the arginine residues in the e2-e1 junction region on the proteolytic processing of the polyprotein precursor of rubella virus. | endoproteolytic cleavage of precursors is a key step in biosynthesis of functional proteins. the structural proteins of rubella virus are initially translated as a precursor polyprotein in the order nh2-c-e2-e1-cooh and are cleaved by host signal peptidase to yield three structural proteins. between regions corresponding to e2 and e1 in the precursor is a region of seven amino acid residues (r-r-a-c-r-r-r) that contains a motif for stop-transfer or a possible target for trypsin-like protease cle ... | 1994 | 8178466 |
| cellular immunity to viral antigens limits e1-deleted adenoviruses for gene therapy. | an important limitation that has emerged in the use of adenoviruses for gene therapy has been loss of recombinant gene expression that occurs concurrent with the development of pathology in the organ expressing the transgene. we have used liver-directed approaches to gene therapy in mice to study mechanisms that underlie the problems with transient expression and pathology that have characterized in vivo applications of first-generation recombinant adenoviruses (i.e., those deleted of e1a and e1 ... | 1994 | 8183921 |
| expression and characterization of virus-like particles containing rubella virus structural proteins. | rubella virus (rv) virions contain two envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2) and a capsid protein (c). noninfectious rv-like particles (vlps) containing three structural proteins were expressed in a bhk cell line (bhk-24s) by using an inducible promoter. these vlps were found to resemble rv virons in terms of their size, their morphology, and some biological activities. in immunoblotting studies, vlps were found to bind similarly to native rv virions with 10 of a panel of 12 rv-specific murine mono ... | 1994 | 8189549 |
| expression of soluble forms of rubella virus glycoproteins in mammalian cells. | rubella virus (rv) virions contain two envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2. removal of hydrophobic regions in their carboxyl termini by genetic engineering caused them to be secreted rather than maintained in cell membranes of transfected cos cells. truncated e2 was secreted in the absence of e1, whereas e1 lacking its transmembrane domain required coexpression of e2 for export from the cell. secreted e2 was found to contain both o-linked and n-linked complex glycans, whereas secreted e1 retained ... | 1994 | 8191784 |
| expression and characterization of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in silkworm larvae infected with recombinant bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhbmp-2) was expressed in silkworm larvae, and a milligram quantity of the protein was purified and characterized. the expressed rhbmp-2 was biologically active in terms of induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in mc3t3-e1 cells and ectopic bone formation in mice. on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis, the purified protein showed a 16 kda band under reducing conditions and a 30 kda band under non-reducing conditions. the silkworm- ... | 1994 | 8206877 |
| multiple repeating motifs are found in the 3'-terminal non-translated region of semliki forest virus a7 variant genome. | we have analysed the cdna coding for the envelope glycoprotein (e1) gene and the terminal non-translated regions (ntrs) of the avirulent semliki forest virus (sfv) a774 (a7) variant. the e1 gene exhibited 98.5% identify to the sfv prototype strain l10 (wt) sequence at the nucleotide level. of the 34 single base substitutions, six led to a change in the deduced amino acid sequence. the 3' ntr of a7 consisted of a 101 nucleotide sequence, not found in wt, followed by five tandemly arranged sequenc ... | 1994 | 8207416 |
| peptide immunogen mimicry of putative e1 glycoprotein-specific epitopes in hepatitis c virus. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) accounts for most cases of acute and chronic non-a and non-b hepatitis with serious consequences that may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. the putative envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2) of hcv probably play a role in the pathophysiology of the virus. in order to map the immunodominant domains of the e1 glycoprotein, two epitopes from amino acid residues 210 to 223 (p1) and 315 to 327 (p2) were predicted from the hcv sequence. immunization of mice with the synthetic pept ... | 1994 | 8207814 |
| the organization of the spike complex of semliki forest virus. | semliki forest virus (sfv) is an enveloped animal virus comprising an icosahedral nucleocapsid surrounded by a membrane containing 80 transmembrane, trimeric spikes. sfv was treated with the non-ionic detergent n-octyl beta-d-glucopyranoside (octylglucoside) and analysed by cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction to explore the interaction between the spikes and the capsid. comparison of the structure of detergent treated sfv (dsfv) with sfv by three-dimensional image reconstruction fr ... | 1994 | 8107141 |
| late phase inhibition of murine cytomegalovirus replication by synergistic action of interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor. | we have shown previously that the antiviral function of cd4+ t lymphocytes against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is associated with the release of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). we now demonstrate that ifn-gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) display synergism in their antiviral activity. as little as 2 ng/ml of ifn-gamma and tnf-alpha reduced the virus yield by about three orders of magnitude. there was no effect on immediate early (ie) and early (e) gene expression as far as the c ... | 1994 | 8113718 |
| virulence and pathogenesis of non-virulent and virulent strains of pseudorabies virus expressing envelope glycoprotein e1 of hog cholera virus. | pseudorabies virus (prv) expressing the envelope glycoprotein e1 (e1) of hog cholera virus (hcv) was used as a model to study the potential risks connected with the use of a live herpesvirus vaccine expressing a foreign gene. the gene encoding e1 was inserted into the glycoprotein x (gx) locus of both a virulent prv strain and a non-virulent prv strain in which the virulence genes encoding glycoprotein i (gi) and thymidine kinase (tk) had been inactivated. we investigated whether strain m205 (gi ... | 1994 | 8113720 |
| comparative studies of the core gene products of two different hepatitis c virus isolates: two alternative forms determined by a single amino acid substitution. | we have compared the expression of the core gene of two different hepatitis c virus (hcv) isolates, hcv-1 and hcv-rh, using the in vitro translation assay. in the absence of the downstream e1 envelope protein sequence, a 16-kda protein (p16) was the dominant protein product synthesized from the hcv-1 core gene sequence. on the other hand, a 21-kda protein (p21) was the dominant protein product synthesized from the hcv-rh sequence. domain-swapping and site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicat ... | 1994 | 8116235 |
| a single amino acid change in the e2 spike protein of a virulent strain of semliki forest virus attenuates pathogenicity. | the virulent strain sfv4 of semliki forest virus (sfv), produced from the infectious clone psp6-sfv4, is lethal after intranasal (i.n.) infection of adult mice and for pregnant mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection. in contrast, the a7 strain of sfv is avirulent when given i.n. to adult mice, but induces fetal death in pregnant mice after i.p. infection. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of part of the core and all of the envelope region of a7-sfv were determined and compared ... | 1994 | 8126464 |
| membrane protein lateral interactions control semliki forest virus budding. | semliki forest virus, sfv, directs the synthesis of two membrane proteins, p62 and e1, which form a p62e1 heterodimer in the endoplasmic reticulum. after being transported to the plasma membrane (pm), they are incorporated into the virus membrane during the process of virus budding. electronmicroscopic analyses of the envelope in matured virus show that the heterodimers are clustered into trimeric structures (spikes) which further form a regular surface lattice with t = 4. in this work we have u ... | 1994 | 8131740 |
| hepatitis b virus subtypes and hepatitis c virus genotypes in patients with chronic liver disease in nepal. | a total of 145 patients with chronic liver disease, including 20 with chronic hepatitis, 63 with cirrhosis and 62 with primary hepatocellular carcinoma from nepal were tested for markers of hepatitis b virus or hepatitis c virus infection. hbsag was detected in 57 (39%) and hepatitis c virus rna in 12 (8%); the cause of liver disease was not known in the remaining 76 (52%). hbsag was found in 5 (1.3%) of 379 normal controls, whereas hepatitis c virus-associated antibodies were detected in 13 (3. ... | 1994 | 8138250 |
| lack of restricted t-cell receptor beta-chain variable region (v beta) usage of reactive t-lymphocytes in hodgkin's disease. | t-cell response against tumour-associated antigens is mediated by the tcr complex. to determine a possibly restricted tcr-v beta repertoire in reactive t-lymphocytes in hodgkin's disease (hd), 20 cases (of which 10 were ebv-positive cases) were investigated using 14 monoclonal antibodies (moabs) recognizing 11 different tcr-v beta region family products and northern blot analysis with cdna probes specific for mrna transcripts of 11 v beta families that were not detectable by moabs. four v beta f ... | 1994 | 8043434 |
| late transcripts of adenovirus type 12 dna are not translated in hamster cells expressing the e1 region of adenovirus type 5. | hamster cells are completely nonpermissive for the replication of human adenovirus type 12 (ad12), whereas types 2 and 5 can replicate in hamster cells. the ad5-transformed hamster cell line bhk297-c131, which carries the left terminal 18.7% of the ad5 genome and expresses at least the viral e1a region, can somehow complement ad12 dna replication and the transcription of the late ad12 genes. since the interaction of ad12 with hamster cells must constitute a significant factor in the induction of ... | 1994 | 8057430 |
| sequence analysis of the core gene of 14 hepatitis c virus genotypes. | we previously sequenced the 5' noncoding region of 44 isolates of hepatitis c virus (hcv), as well as the envelope 1 (e1) gene of 51 hcv isolates, and provided evidence for the existence of at least 6 major genetic groups consisting of at least 12 minor genotypes of hcv (i.e., genotypes i/1a, ii/1b, iii/2a, iv/2b, 2c, v/3a, 4a-4d, 5a, and 6a). we now report the complete nucleotide sequence of the putative core (c) gene of 52 hcv isolates that represent all of these 12 genotypes as well as two ad ... | 1994 | 8058787 |
| the cellular dna polymerase alpha-primase is required for papillomavirus dna replication and associates with the viral e1 helicase. | persistent infection by papillomaviruses involves the maintenance of viral dna as a nuclear plasmid, the replication of which requires host dna polymerases. the role of the cellular dna polymerase alpha-primase holoenzyme was probed by using soluble extracts from rodent cells that replicate bovine papilloma virus 1 and human papilloma virus 6b dna in the presence of the viral e1 helicase and the e2 transcription factor. monoclonal antibodies directed against the catalytic 180-kda subunit of poly ... | 1994 | 8078945 |
| the physical state of the negative strand of hepatitis c virus rna in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis c. | negative strands of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome (a positive-stranded rna virus) have been found in a nuclease-resistant form in the serum of patients with hcv infections. we determined whether a complete negative-strand copy is present in the serum, whether the negative strand is particle-associated, and finally, whether it is virion-associated and encapsidated like the positive (genomic) strand. isopyknic sucrose and cesium chloride density ultracentrifugation followed by a strand-specif ... | 1994 | 8078948 |
| the mouse vla-2 homologue supports collagen and laminin adhesion but not virus binding. | human vla-2 (alpha 2 beta 1) mediates cellular adhesion to collagen and laminin and cell attachment by the human pathogen echovirus 1. we report here the cloning, sequencing and functional expression of the mouse vla-2 alpha subunit homologue. this integrin subunit is closely related to its human counterpart, with 84% amino acid identity between the human and murine proteins. conserved structural features include an identical number of amino acids, the presence of an i domain, and identity in th ... | 1994 | 8081889 |
| formation and intracellular localization of hepatitis c virus envelope glycoprotein complexes expressed by recombinant vaccinia and sindbis viruses. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) encodes two putative virion glycoproteins (e1 and e2) which are released from the polyprotein by signal peptidase cleavage. in this report, we have characterized the complexes formed between e1 and e2 (called e1e2) for two different hcv strains (h and bk) and studied their intracellular localization. vaccinia virus and sindbis virus vectors were used to express the hcv structural proteins in three different cell lines (hepg2, bhk-21, and pk-15). the kinetics of associatio ... | 1994 | 8083956 |
| coronavirus m proteins accumulate in the golgi complex beyond the site of virion budding. | the prevailing hypothesis is that the intracellular site of budding of coronaviruses is determined by the localization of its membrane protein m (previously called e1). we tested this by analyzing the site of budding of four different coronaviruses in relation to the intracellular localization of their m proteins. mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) grown in sac(-) cells, and feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) g ... | 1994 | 8083990 |
| role of transcriptional repressors in transformation by bovine papillomavirus type 1. | transformation of rodent cells by bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) has been shown to require the direct contribution of the viral oncogenes encoded by the e5, e6, and e7 translational open reading frames (orfs). it is also known that the viral e1 and e2 orfs contribute indirectly to cellular transformation through their transcriptional modulation of these viral oncogenes. a mutant bpv-1 disrupted in two of the proteins encoded by the e2 orf, the e2 transcriptional repressors, has a complex t ... | 1994 | 8084016 |
| murine t-helper cell immune response to recombinant vaccinia-venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. | the t-helper (th) cell immune response following immunization of c3h (h-2k) mice with a recombinant vaccinia (vac) virus (tc-5a) expressing the structural proteins (capsid, e1 and e2) of the attenuated vaccine strain (tc-83) of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus was compared with the immune response induced in mice after immunization with tc-83 virus. tc-5a virus elicited th cells that strongly recognized both vac and tc-83 viruses in in vitro lymphoblastogenesis tests. th-cell activatio ... | 1994 | 8085379 |
| adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of human surfactant protein b to respiratory epithelial cells. | human surfactant protein b (sp-b) is a 79-amino acid, phospholipid-associated polypeptide expressed by respiratory epithelial cells of the lung. sp-b is essential for lung function, enhancing the spreading and stability of surfactant phospholipids that serve to reduce surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface. congenital absence of sp-b results in neonatal respiratory failure and death. in the present work, we constructed a replication-deficient adenoviral vector, av1sp-b1, in which t ... | 1994 | 8086169 |
| complex processing and protein:protein interactions in the e2:ns2 region of hcv. | hepatitis c virus (hcv), the principal cause of parenteral non-a, non-b hepatitis, is an rna virus and a member of the flaviviridae family. its genome is translated into a single polyprotein that is processed co- and post-translationally into both structural and nonstructural (ns) proteins. there are three putative structural proteins, consisting of the nucleocapsid protein and two envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2. analysis of transient transfections of serially extended templates covering the ... | 1994 | 8091646 |
| the bovine papillomavirus e1 protein alters the host cell cycle and growth properties. | a stable e1-expressing cell line, ce1, was developed to investigate the effect of bovine papillomavirus e1 protein on host cell growth. expression of e1 in ce1 cells is under control of the dexamethasone-inducible mouse mammary tumor virus ltr promoter. flow cytometry was used to determine the intracellular levels of e1 in ce1 cells in parallel with cell cycle distributions and cell growth parameters. ce1 cells expressed a basal level of e1 that was increased following exposure to increasing con ... | 1994 | 8091648 |
| the bovine papilloma virus e1 protein has atpase activity essential to viral dna replication and efficient transformation in cells. | the bovine papilloma virus (bpv) e1 protein essential to viral dna replication has recently been shown to associate via direct protein-dna interactions with the viral origin of replication and to be an atp-dependent helicase. we show here that in accordance with the latter function, the e1 gene product has intrinsic atpase activity. mutations placed throughout the nucleotide binding consensus element abolish the atpase activity of e1 and render bpv genomes harboring such mutations defective for ... | 1994 | 8091670 |
| characterization of hucrbp (yy1, nf-e1, delta): a transcription factor that binds the regulatory regions of many viral and cellular genes. | the ucrbp (yy1, delta, nf-e1) protein has been isolated for its ability to bind to the ucr (upstream conserved region) site present in the conserved murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat. ucrbp carries a highly charged n-terminal domain and four c2-h2-type zinc fingers at its c-terminal end. the present study reveals the following results: (i) the ucr site is present in the upstream and/or regulatory regions of numerous mammalian cellular and viral genes to which both recombinant and cellul ... | 1994 | 7821790 |
| the i domain is essential for echovirus 1 interaction with vla-2. | vla-2, the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin, mediates cell adhesion to collagen and laminin, and is the receptor for the human pathogen echovirus 1. because of its similarity to domains present in other proteins that interact with collagen, a 191 amino acid region within the alpha 2 subunit (the i domain) has been proposed as a potential site for ligand interactions. although the alpha 2 subunits of human and murine vla-2 are 84% identical, human alpha 2 promotes virus binding whereas murine alpha 2 does ... | 1994 | 7842258 |
| prolonged transgene expression in cotton rat lung with recombinant adenoviruses defective in e2a. | recombinant adenoviruses have tremendous potential for gene therapy of cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease. first-generation recombinant viruses, rendered replication defective by deleting e1, have been associated with high-level recombinant gene expression in airway epithelial cells when administered directly to the lung. experience in mice and non-human primates indicates that transgene expression is transient (i.e., lasting less than 21 days) and associated with the development of inflammation. ... | 1994 | 7849095 |
| expression and characterization of a soluble rubella virus e1 envelope protein. | individual specific antigenic rubella virus (rv) structural proteins are required for accurate serological diagnosis of acute and congenital rubella infections as well as rubella immune status. the rv envelope glycoprotein e1 is the major target antigen and plays an important role in viral-specific immune responses. the native virion is difficult to produce in large quantities and the protein subunits are also difficult to isolate without loss of antigenicity. the production of a soluble rv e1 ( ... | 1994 | 7852960 |
| lethality of pe2 incorporation into sindbis virus can be suppressed by second-site mutations in e3 and e2. | sindbis virions contain two glycoproteins, e1 and e2. e2 is produced initially as a precursor, pe2, from which the amino-terminal 64 amino acids are cleaved by a cellular protease at a late stage in virion maturation. a mutation at e2 position 1 (arg to asn) was placed into sindbis virus ar339 by site-directed mutagenesis of a full-length ar339 cdna clone, ptrsb, to produce ptrsb-n. the mutation created a signal for n-linked glycosylation immediately adjacent to the pe2 cleavage signal. virions ... | 1994 | 7908062 |
| altered host range phenotype of the transformation-defective ad12 mutant cs-1 is due to deletions in the e1 region. | although it grows well in bulk infection, human adenovirus type 12 (ad12) does not plaque efficiently in vero cells of simian origin. after long-term passage of the virus or after transfection of ad12 dna into these cells, however, transformation-defective, host-range mutants giving high plaque yields in vero cells were isolated. the original mutants have deletions in both e1a and e1b as well as additions of viral sequences at the right terminus of the genome. we have constructed a recombinant v ... | 1994 | 7928288 |
| intracellular localization of full-length and truncated hepatitis c virus core protein expressed in mammalian cells. | the putative hepatitis c virus core protein has a predicted molecular weight of about 22 kd and contains two carboxy (cooh)-terminal hydrophobic domains. the cleavages generating the hepatitis c virus structural proteins (core, e1 and e2) are catalyzed by host signal peptidases. in the present study, we investigated the processing and intracellular localization of the hepatitis c virus core protein expressed in mammalian cells. expression vectors encoding the entire core protein or cooh-terminal ... | 1994 | 7930486 |
| membrane and protein interactions of a soluble form of the semliki forest virus fusion protein. | semliki forest virus is an enveloped alphavirus that infects cells by a membrane fusion reaction triggered by the low ph present in endocytic vacuoles. fusion is mediated by the e1 spike protein subunit. during fusion, several conformational changes occur in e1 and e2, the two transmembrane subunits of the spike protein. these changes include dissociation of the e1-e2 dimer, alteration of the trypsin sensitivity and monoclonal antibody binding patterns of e1, and formation of a sodium dodecyl su ... | 1994 | 7933075 |
| identification of ets domain proteins in murine t lymphocytes that interact with the moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer. | the enhancer of moloney murine leukemia virus (mo-mulv) contains an array of transcriptional control elements that direct viral gene expression in diverse cell types. the murine transcription factor ets-1 was shown to bind to the lvb and lvc elements of the enhancer by dnase i protection and methylation interference assays. enhancers containing disrupted ets-1 binding sites were tested in transient expression assays in the murine t-cell line el4.e1; alterations in the lvb element affected consti ... | 1994 | 7935472 |
| characterization of the proximal estrogen-responsive element of human cathepsin d gene. | cathepsin d, a lysosomal proteinase, is induced by estrogens in mammary cancer cells where its concentration is correlated with a higher risk of metastasis. its gene expression is stimulated by estrogens in mcf7 cells, and we have shown that a short proximal promoter fragment from -365 to -122 is required for this induction. we now characterize, at -261, a nonconsensus estrogen-responsive element (ere) (e2) with two differences in the distal half of its palindrome, which confers estradiol respon ... | 1994 | 7935485 |
| characterization of cdnas species encoding the tat protein of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. | two distinct species of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev) tat cdnas were isolated early after infection of a himalayan tahr cell line. sequence analyses predicted that one cdna (pcev/e1) represented a polycistronic transcript that encodes tat and rev as well as an n-terminally truncated transmembrane protein and a protein, designated x, whose function is unknown; whereas the other cdna (pcev/f1) encodes tat and the env gene products. pcev/e1 trans-activated a caev ltr-chloramphenicol a ... | 1994 | 7941354 |
| demonstration of sindbis virus antigen in lowicryl-embedded cultured cells by immunogold staining. | eight monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were tested for the use in immunogold staining of sindbis virus (sin) antigen in cultured baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells. the antibodies were directed against the capsid (c) protein (5) or against the glycoprotein e1 (3), respectively. four out of five anti-c mabs and two out of three anti-e1 mabs reacted on frozen sections, whereas two of the anti-c antibodies and none of the anti-e1 antibodies reacted on lowicryl k4m-embedded cells. the mabs reacting, in par ... | 1994 | 7941845 |
| transduction of human bone marrow by adenoviral vector. | recombinant adenoviral vectors have been shown to be potential new tools for a variety of human gene therapy protocols. we examined the effectiveness of an adenovirus vector for gene transfer into human bone marrow (bm). mononuclear cells from one adenosine deaminase (ada)-deficient and two normal human bm samples were transduced by an e1-defective adenoviral vector encoding human ada and kept in myeloid long-term culture. retroviral gene transfer was also performed with the ada-deficient bone m ... | 1994 | 7948143 |
| structural protein relationships among eastern equine encephalitis viruses. | we have re-evaluated the relationships among the polypeptides of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) viruses using sds-page and peptide mapping of individual virion proteins. four to five distinct polypeptide bands were detected upon sds-page analysis of viruses: the e1, e2 and c proteins normally associated with alphavirus virions, as well as an additional more rapidly-migrating e2-associated protein and a high m(r) (hmw) protein. in contrast with previous findings by others, the electrophoretic ... | 1994 | 7964601 |