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disseminated opportunistic fungal disease in dogs: 10 cases (1982-1990).medical records of 10 dogs in which fungal infection was diagnosed between 1982 and 1990 were reviewed. in each dog, infection was determined to be caused by a single species of fungus, either aspergillus terreus, penicillium sp, paecilomyces sp, chrysosporium sp, or pseudallescheria boydii. nine dogs were german shepherd dogs; 1 was a german shepherd dog cross, and 9 were females. the most common clinical signs were signs of neck or back pain (9 dogs), weight loss (7 dogs), anorexia (6 dogs), p ...19957601696
degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260) by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium as evidenced by congener-specific analysis.evidence for substantial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures aroclor 1242, 1254, and 1260 by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, based on congener-specific gas chromatographic analysis, is presented. maximal degradation (percent by weight) of aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 was 60.9, 30.5, and 17.6%, respectively. most of the congeners in aroclors 1242 and 1254 were degraded extensively both in low-n (ligninolytic) as well as high-n (nonligninolytic) defined media. even ...19957618867
one-electron oxidation in the degradation of creosote polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by phanerochaete chrysosporium.the abilities of whole cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium and p. chrysosporium manganese peroxidase-mediated lipid peroxidation reactions to degrade the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) found in creosote were studied. the disappearance of 12 three- to six-ring pahs occurred in both systems. both in vivo and in vitro, the disappearance of all pahs was found to be very strongly correlated with ionization potential. this was true even for compounds beyond the ionization potential thresh ...19957618875
reductions catalyzed by a quinone and peroxidases from phanerochaete chrysosporium.a quinone produced from veratryl alcohol by lignin peroxidase from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium was tested for its ability to mediate reduction. the quinone (2-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone), reduced chemically or by cellobiose:quinone reductase isolated from cultures of the fungus, mediated the reduction of cytochrome c in reactions containing either mn(iii), a manganese-dependent peroxidase, mn(ii) and h2o2, or lignin peroxidase and h2o2. formation of the semiqui ...19957625830
properties of a transplasma membrane redox system of phanerochaete chrysosporium.a transplasma membrane redox system of phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied using ferricyanide, a membrane-impermeable electron acceptor. rates of reduction were dependent upon initial ferricyanide concentration and mycelial mass. specific activities of 12 +/- 2 nmol/min/mg mycelia (dry wt) were consistently obtained using nutrient-sufficient mycelia at ph 8.0 and 10 mm ferricyanide. upon nutrient limitation (either carbon or nitrogen), activity decreased. reduction was inhibited by carbonyl ...19957625845
structure, inheritance, and transcriptional effects of pce1, an insertional element within phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase gene lipi.a 1747-bp insertion within a lignin peroxidase allele of phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f-1767 is described. pce1, the element, lies immediately adjacent to the fourth intron of lip12. southern blots reveal the presence of pce1-homologous sequences in other p. chrysosporium strains. transposon-like features include inverted terminal repeats and a dinucleotide (ta) target duplication. atypical of transposons, pce1 is present at very low copy numbers (one to five copies), and conserved transposas ...19957638214
investigation of the lignin-degrading activity of serratia marcescens: biochemical screening and ultrastructural evidence.forty-one morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were developed from six lignin-containing environments. each isolate was initially screened for potential lignin-degrading activity using relative growth on a lignocellulosic substrate and relative decolorization of a polymeric dye. screened isolates were then tested for the ability to oxidize various lignin-related monomers, and the dimers anisoin and veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether. although most of the isolates oxidized the monomers, ...19957641141
cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding a cellobiose dehydrogenase from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.the cdna of cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) from phanerochaete chrysosporium has been cloned and sequenced. the 5' end was obtained by pcr amplification. the cdna contains 2310 translated bases excluding the poly(a) tail. the deduced mature protein contains 770 amino acid residues and is preceded by a 18 residue long signal peptide. the regions of the amino acid sequence corresponding to the heme and fad domains of cdh were identified as well as the nucleotide-binding motif, the disulfide pairing ...19957649263
rpr113228, a novel farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitor produced by chrysosporium lobatum. 19957649878
nitrification in vitro by a range of filamentous fungi and yeasts.a wide range of fungi including yeasts, growing on czapek dox medium, nitrified added ammonium and the ammonium released by urea hydrolysis. phanerochaete chrysosporium and hymenoscyphus ericiae were the only fungi tested which failed to nitrify. a soil yeast (isolate 1) was the most active nitrifier of ammonium in vitro, forming 0.80 microgram nitrate mg-1 biomass over the 7 d incubation period.19957662331
purification of major lignin peroxidase isoenzymes from phanerochaete chrysosporium by chromatofocusing.the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium produces several isoforms of lignin peroxidase, which catalyzes the oxidative depolymerization of lignin to date, ion-exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing (ief) have been commonly used for isolation of lignin peroxidase isoenzymes. in this work we have purified major lignin peroxidases to high purity by a one-step chromatographic method, chromatofocusing. the purified isoenzymes were identified by analytical ief using isoenzym ...19957663170
biodegradation and sorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by phanerochaete chrysosporium.the ability of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium (ina-12) to degrade various polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) was investigated. under static, non-nitrogen-limiting conditions, p. chrysosporium mineralized both phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene. total mineralization, based on radioactive tracing, was limited to 1.8%-3% for phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene respectively. in both cases the pattern of mineralization did not correlate temporally with the production of lignin peroxid ...19957766094
a heterogeneous distribution of emmonsia parva var. crescens in an agro-ecosystem.the lung tissue of 1143 rodents of five species, caught at a number of sites and habitats in an agro-ecosystem (southern moravia, czech republic) in 1988-1993, was examined for the presence of adiaspores of emmonsia parva var. crescens (emmons et jellison) van oorschot. the overall prevalence of adiasporomycosis was 16.6%, but its distribution varied significantly according to rodent species (clethrionomys glareolus 37.6%, apodemus flavicollis 33.3%, a. sylvaticus 21.1%, a microps 9.2%, microtus ...19957666301
mineralization of mono- and dichlorobenzenes and simultaneous degradation of chloro- and methyl-substituted benzenes by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.phanerochaete chrysosporium extensively degraded and mineralized chlorobenzene and o-, m-, and p-dichlorobenzenes. the rate of degradation was in the following order: monochlorobenzene > m-dichlorobenzene > o-dichlorobenzene > p-dichlorobenzene. net level of degradation was generally higher than mineralization. maximal degradation and mineralization of chlorobenzenes were observed in malt extract cultures in which the lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases are not known to be produced. the ...19957574605
lignin peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of sulfonated azo dyes generates novel sulfophenyl hydroperoxides.lignin peroxidase (lip) is an extracellular enzyme produced by the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium and is involved in azo dye degradation by this organism. in this study, lip oxidation of the sulfonated azo dyes 4-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2,6- dimethylphenol (i), orange ii [1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol] (ii), a dimethyl analog of orange ii [1-(2',6'-dimethyl-4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol] (iii), and 4-(4'-sulfonamidophenylazo)-2,6-dimehtylphenol (iv) was examined. azo dye i wa ...19957779823
new polymeric model substrates for the study of microbial ligninolysis.lignin model dimers are valuable tools for the elucidation of microbial ligninolytic mechanisms, but their low molecular weight (mw) makes them susceptible to nonligninolytic intracellular metabolism. to address this problem, we prepared lignin models in which unlabeled and alpha-14c-labeled beta-o-4-linked dimers were covalently attached to 8,000-mw polyethylene glycol (peg) or to 45,000-mw polystyrene (ps). the water-soluble peg-linked model was mineralized extensively in liquid medium and in ...19957574649
reduction of quinones and radicals by a plasma membrane redox system of phanerochaete chrysosporium.quinones which are produced during the mineralization of lignin and xenobiotics by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium were reduced by a plasma membrane redox system of the fungus. both intracellular enzymes and the plasma membrane redox system were able to reduce 1,4-benzoquinone. however, no quinone reductase activity was observed with the extracellular culture fluid. the intracellular reductase activity had a ph optimum between 6.0 and 7.0 and a km of 150 microm. reduction of 1,4 ...19957574679
structural influence of calcium on the heme cavity of cationic peanut peroxidase as determined by 1h-nmr spectroscopy.the cationic isozyme of peanut peroxidase (cprx) is one of many peroxidases which requires calcium for enzyme activity. it has been previously shown that it requires 2 mol calcium to coordinate to 1 mol cprx, and its related peroxidases from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium (lip) and isozyme c of horseradish (hrpc). x-ray crystallographic studies of lip have shown that calcium is ligated near the c-terminus of helices proximal and distal to the heme, where it has been suggested to m ...19957588722
phanerochaete chrysosporium glyoxal oxidase is encoded by two allelic variants: structure, genomic organization, and heterologous expression of glx1 and glx2.a cdna clone (glx-2c) encoding glyoxal oxidase (glox) was isolated from a phanerochaete chrysosporium lambda gt11 library, and its nucleotide sequence was shown to be distinct from that of the previously described clone glx-1c (p. j. kersten and d. cullen, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 90:7411-7413, 1993). genomic clones corresponding to both cdnas were also isolated and sequenced. overall nucleotide sequence identity was 98%, and the predicted proteins differed by a single residue: lys-308<==>thr- ...19957592374
the manganese binding site of manganese peroxidase: characterization of an asp179asn site-directed mutant protein.a site-directed mutant, d179n, in the gene encoding phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase isozyme 1 (mnp1), was created by overlap extension, using polymerase chain reaction. the mutant gene was expressed in p. chrysosporium under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. the mutant manganese peroxidase (mnp) was purified, and its spectra and mw were very similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. steady-state kinetic analysis of mnp d179n revealed that the ...19957654716
the cellulase complex of neurospora crassa: cbh-1 cloning, sequencing and homologies.we describe the isolation, cloning and sequencing of the cellobiohydrolase 1 (ec 3.2.1.91)-encoding gene (cbh-1) of neurospora crassa. the nucleotide and amino-acid sequences have high homology with the cbh-1 of trichoderma reesei, humicola grisea and phanerochaete chrysosporium, with clear signal, catalytic, hinge and substrate-binding domains in that order.19957642129
isolation of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi from surface sediments of the shatt al-arab river and its creeks at basrah, iraq.twenty-five sediment samples were taken from randomly selected sites in the shatt al-arab river and its creeks and analysed for dermatophytes and related keratinophilic fungi. the results revealed that out of 25 samples only 13 (52%) yielded dermatophytes and related keratinophilic fungi. a total of nine species in four genera were isolated. the most frequent genera isolated in this study were chrysosporium and its teleomorph aphanoascus. the species most frequently found were aphanoascus fulves ...19957477095
manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. a homology-based molecular model.a detailed three-dimensional model of manganese peroxidase was constructed using lignine peroxidase as the structural scaffold. this is the only protein in the peroxidase family except for cytochrome c peroxidase for which a resolved crystal structure is available. the model was built using the following procedure: (a) structurally preserved regions were derived from similar regions in the sequence alignment of the two proteins; (b) non-similar regions were modelled by searching a set of resolve ...19957737200
radical intermediates during degradation of lignin-model compounds and environmental pollutants: an electron spin resonance study.1. i discuss the following aspects of phanerochaete chrysosporium ligninase, the enzyme that has been shown to degrade a number of lignin-model compounds, and environmentally significant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated phenols. 2. the primary mode of oxidation involves formation of a cation radical, which undergoes either hydrolysis or carbon-carbon bond cleavage. 3. in the presence of reducing substrate such as oxalic acid, ligninase has reductive activity that has been sho ...19957483665
substrate-dependent differential splicing of introns in the regions encoding the cellulose binding domains of two exocellobiohydrolase i-like genes in phanerochaete chrysosporium.recently, we have shown differential splicing of an intron in the cbhi.2 gene of phanerochaete chrysosporium me446; this intron lies within the region of the gene encoding the cellulose binding domain (p.f.g. sims, m. s. soares-felipe, q. wang, m.e. gent, c. tempelaars, and p. broda, mol. microbiol. 12:209-216, 1994). here, we show that such differential splicing occurs in the cbhi.1 gene of this fungus as well as in the cbhi.2 gene and that this phenomenon is substrate dependent. avicel elicits ...19957487009
expression of fungal mn peroxidase in e. coli and refolding to yield active enzyme.the cdna encoding mn peroxidase isozyme h4 from phanerochaete chrysosporium was expressed in escherichia coli. the portion of the cdna encoding the enzyme's signal peptide, not found in the processed holoenzyme, was deleted from the cdna. the polypeptide was produced as inactive inclusion bodies that could be solubilized in 8 m urea and the reducing agent dithiothreitol. reconstitution of activity was accomplished by diluting the urea concentration to 2m in the presence of hemin, calcium, and ox ...19957488173
lignin peroxidases can also oxidize manganese.the peroxidase isozymes secreted by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium include lignin peroxidases and manganese-dependent peroxidases. the major isozymes, called lignin peroxidases, are thought to oxidize chemicals directly. the manganese-dependent peroxidases (h3, h4, h5, and h9) are relatively minor, making up only a fraction of the total peroxidase protein. however, we have found that lignin peroxidases will also catalyze the h2o2-dependent oxidation of mn2+ to mn3+. we have use ...19957779824
quantitation of fungal mrnas in complex substrates by reverse transcription pcr and its application to phanerochaete chrysosporium-colonized soil.thorough analysis of fungi in complex substrates has been hampered by inadequate experimental tools for assessing physiological activity and estimating biomass. we report a method for the quantitative assessment of specific fungal mrnas in soil. the method was applied to complex gene families of phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white-rot fungus widely used in studies of organopollutant degradation. among the genes implicated in pollutant degradation, two closely related lignin peroxidase transcrip ...19957793933
pcr-mediated analysis of lignocellulolytic gene transcription by phanerochaete chrysosporium: substrate-dependent differential expression within gene families.we compare the kinetics of appearance of supernatant enzyme activities (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and cellulase) and gene expression (lig, mnp, and cbhi gene families and the unique cbhii gene) in phanerochaete chrysosporium me446 when grown on four different carbon sources: ball-milled straw, representing the natural substrate lignocellulose; avicel as a crystalline cellulose; and high and low concentrations of glucose, in all cases with limiting nitrogen. pcr-based technology ut ...19957793956
extracellular proteases produced by the wood-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium under ligninolytic and non-ligninolytic conditions.when subjected to nitrogen limitation, the wood-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium produces two groups of secondary metabolic, extracellular isoenzymes that depolymerize lignin in wood: lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases. we have shown earlier the turnover in activity of the lignin peroxidases to be due in part to extracellular proteolytic activity. this paper reports the electrophoretic characterization of two sets of acidic extracellular proteases produced by submerged cult ...19957763133
regulation of manganese peroxidase gene transcription by hydrogen peroxide, chemical stress, and molecular oxygen.the expression of manganese peroxidase (mnp) in nitrogen-limited cultures of the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium is regulated at the level of gene transcription by h2o2 and various chemicals, including ethanol, sodium arsenite, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, as well as by mn(ii) and heat shock. northern (rna) blot analysis demonstrates that the addition of 1.0 mm h2o2 to 5-day-old cultures grown in the absence of mn results in the appearance of mnp mrna within 15 min. higher levels ...19957887613
characterization and disruption of a gene in the maize pathogen cochliobolus carbonum encoding a cellulase lacking a cellulose binding domain and hinge region.a gene, cel1, in the maize pathogen cochliobolus carbonum was identified using the cbh1-3 gene of phanerochaete chrysosporium as a heterologous probe. the predicted product of cel1, cel1, is 62% identical and 71% similar to the product of cbh1-3 and 54 to 62% identical to five cellobiohydrolases from other filamentous fungi. the location of the polyadenylation site 221 bp downstream of the stop codon and the location of a single intron of 55 bp were identified by comparison of the sequences of g ...19958589415
degradation of 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium has demonstrated abilities to degrade many xenobiotic chemicals. in this study, the degradation of three model polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners (4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl [dcb], 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl) by p. chrysosporium in liquid culture was examined. after 28 days of incubation, 14c partitioning analysis indicated extensive degradation of dcb, including 11% mineralization. in contrast, there was ...19958526503
biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds.nitroaromatic compounds are released into the biosphere almost exclusively from anthropogenic sources. some compounds are produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels; others are used as synthetic intermediates, dyes, pesticides, and explosives. recent research revealed a number of microbial systems capable of transforming or biodegrading nitroaromatic compounds. anaerobic bacteria can reduce the nitro group via nitroso and hydroxylamino intermediates to the corresponding amines. isolates o ...19958561470
an 8.2 kb dna segment from chromosome xiv carries the rpd3 and pas8 genes as well as the saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of the thiamine-repressed nmt1 gene and a chromosome iii-duplicated gene for a putative aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase.a 8.2 kb dna segment from the left arm of saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome xiv (genbank/embl accession number: x83226) encompasses four open reading frames (orfs) longer than 100 residues. the orf n0295 is highly similar to the aspergillus parasiticus and schizosaccharomyces pombe nmt1 gene products, which are involved in thiamine biosynthesis and are strongly repressed by thiamine. n0300 is 76% identical to ycr107w, a hypothetical protein of yeast chromosome iii, and 55% identical to a ligni ...19958533474
informed strain improvement for lignin degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium.the effect of breeding from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium me446 on performance for lignin mineralization was examined. this model for informed strain improvement without mutagenesis is based on abundant restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps). under optimized conditions for lignin mineralization, extracellular manganese peroxidase (mnp) but not lignin peroxidase (lip) could be detected, so measurement of lip activity is not a valid assay for lignin degradation. miner ...19958535509
laboratory evaluation of sensitivity of three keratinophilic fungi to some vicolides.four vicolides (sesquiterpenoides) isolated from vicoa indica were evaluated against three keratinophilic fungi, viz., microsporum gypseum, chrysosporium tropicum, and trichophyton terrestris. all the test fungi were found to be sensitive to vicolides. vicolides a and c showed the maximum efficacy while b and d exhibited moderate activity. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was observed in the range of 15.62-125 micrograms. the most sensitive fungus tested was c. tropicum followed by t. ...19958972141
biological treatment of distillery waste for pollution-remediation.the biological treatment of spent wash from molasses distilleries was investigated. analysis of raw spent wash showed it to be a recalcitrant waste, with a high cod of 85,170 mg/l and containing inhibitory phenolic compounds. reverse phase thin layer chromatography identified gallic and vanillic acid present in spent wash. the fungi geotrichum candidum, coriolus versicolor, phanerochaete chrysosporium and mycelia sterilia were screened for their ability to decolourize spent wash and to reduce th ...19958568640
veratryl alcohol oxidation by lignin peroxidase.lignin peroxidase (lip) from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyzes the h2o2-dependent oxidation of veratryl alcohol (va), a secondary metabolite of the fungus, to veratryl aldehyde (vad). the oxidation of va does not seem to be simply one-electron oxidation by lip compound i (lipi) to its cation radical (va.+) and the second by lip compound ii (lipii) to vad. moreover, the rate constant for lipi reduction by va (3 x 10(5) m-1 s-1) is certainly sufficient, but the rate consta ...19958527462
d-xylan-degrading enzyme system from the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium: isolation and partial characterisation of an alpha-(4-o-methyl)-d-glucuronidase.a number of fungi were screened for their capacities to produce extracellular alpha-(4-o-methyl)-d-glucuronidase. of those tested, phanerochaete chrysosporium atcc 24725 produced the enzyme in greatest yield. the single alpha-(4-o-methyl)-d-glucuronidase produced by this fungus was purified by a series of chromatographic methods involving anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and chromatofocusing. isolated in this way, the enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 112 kda in sodium dodecyl sulp ...19958590644
lignan models as inhibitors of phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase.the lignan 8,8'-bis-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid (bmdca) is a powerful competitive inhibitor (k1 = 2.0 microm) of the lignin peroxidase (lip) from phanerochaete chrysosporium and of the extracellular peroxidase of phlebia radiata (i0.5 = 10 microm). bmdca derivatives with the same double bond system also inhibited these enzymes to some extent. if the double bonds were hydrogenated, the inhibitory effect was lost. hrp-viii and hrp-xi were slightly inhibited by bmdca (i0.5 > 50 microm) and two pl ...19958789460
roles of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium in the decolorization of olive mill wastewaters.the relative contributions of lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp) to the decolorization of olive mill wastewaters (omw) by phanerochaete chrysosporium were investigated. a relatively low level (25%) of omw decolorization was found with p. chrysosporium which was grown in a medium with a high mn(ii) concentration and in which a high level of mnp (0.65 (mu)m) was produced. in contrast, a high degree of omw decolorization (more than 70%) was observed with p. chrysosporium which w ...199516534959
purification and characterization of a cellulose-binding (beta)-glucosidase from cellulose-degrading cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium.extracellular (beta)-glucosidase from cellulose-degrading cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium was purified by deae-sephadex chromatography, by sephacryl s-200 chromatography, and by fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) using a mono q anion-exchange column. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (sds-page) analysis of fplc-purified (beta)-glucosidase indicated the presence of three enzyme forms with molecular weights of 96,000, 98,000, and 114,000. on further fractiona ...199516535099
purification and characterization of a 1,4-benzoquinone reductase from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium.an intracellular, soluble 1,4-benzoquinone reductase was purified from agitated cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium and characterized. the quinone reductase was expressed in cultures grown under both nitrogen-sufficient and nitrogen-limiting (12 and 1.2 mm ammonium tartrate) conditions. the protein was purified to homogeneity by using ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and ion-exchange and blue-agarose affinity chromatographies. the native flavin mononucleotide-containi ...199516535104
ligninolytic system formation by phanerochaete chrysosporium in air.this study characterizes the effect of oxygen concentration on the synthesis of ligninolytic enzymes by phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on polyurethane foam cubes in a nonimmersed liquid culture system and maintained under different carbon-to-nitrogen (c/n) ratios and levels. lignin peroxidase (lip) activity was obtained in cultures exposed to air when the c/n ratio was low (7.47), i.e., when nitrogen levels were high (c/n = 56/45 mm) or carbon levels were low (c/n = 5.6/4.5 mm). at the ...199516535024
manganese regulation of veratryl alcohol in white rot fungi and its indirect effect on lignin peroxidase.many white rot fungi are able to produce de novo veratryl alcohol, which is known to be a cofactor involved in the degradation of lignin, lignin model compounds, and xenobiotic pollutants by lignin peroxidase (lip). in this study, mn nutrition was shown to strongly influence the endogenous veratryl alcohol levels in the culture fluids of n-deregulated and n-regulated white rot fungi bjerkandera sp. strain bos55 and phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f-1767, respectively. endogenous veratryl alcohol ...199516535027
demonstration of laccase in the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f1767.it has been widely reported that the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium, unlike most other white rot fungi, does not produce laccase, an enzyme implicated in lignin biodegradation. our results showed that p. chrysosporium bkm-f1767 produces extracellular laccase in a defined culture medium containing cellulose (10 g/liter) and either 2.4 or 24 mm ammonium tartrate. laccase activity was demonstrated in the concentrated extracellular culture fluids of this organism as determined b ...199516535182
process optimization and modeling of trichlorophenol degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium.the biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied in batch and continuous reactor systems. experiments were conducted in shake flasks as well as in packed-bed reactors in which the fungus was immobilized. the degradation rates in the packed-bed reactors were found to be two orders of magnitude greater than those obtained in the shake flasks in which the fungus was just suspended. the degradation rate was found to ...199518623355
immobilization of fungal spores by adhesion.immobilization of conidiospores of phanerochaete chrysosporium by adhesion was investigated in static and flow conditions on flat and on porous supports. reducing the electrostatic repulsion between the spores and the support by adsorption of polycations on the support allows a better adhesion efficiency and a higher density of adhering spores and does not affect germination and growth. formation of spore aggregates either in the suspension (high ionic strength) or on the support tends to decrea ...199518623448
effects of fungal pretreatment and steam explosion pretreatment on enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass.the effects of consecutive treatments by a lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium and by steam explosion for the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass were studied experimentally, and the optimal operational conditions for obtaining the maximum saccharification were evaluated. beech wood-meal was treated by the fungus for 98 days and then by high steam temperatures of 170-230 degrees c with steaming times of 0-10 min. the treatment of the wood-meal by fungus prior to steam exp ...199518623542
reductive dehalogenation of aliphatic halocarbons by lignin peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium. 199522200281
keratinolytic fungi in sewage sludge.sewage sludge from the upper silesia region of poland were surveyed for keratinolytic fungi. out of 100 petri dishes examined, 89 were positive for these micro-organisms. altogether, 185 fungal appearances belonging to 10 species were observed. trichophyton terrestre with its teleomorph arthroderma quadrifidum, t. ajelloi with a. uncinatum, microsporum gypseum with arthroderma sp., and chrysosporium keratinophilum with aphanoascus keratinophilus prevailed in the sludges. the sewage treatment tec ...199620882456
bacteria are omnipresent on phanerochaete chrysosporium burdsall.bacteria have been isolated from 10 different strains of phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white rot fungus which degrades lignocellulosic materials. the investigations showed that one or more bacterial species were always associated with the fungus. various attempts to eliminate the bacteria on the fungus were unsuccessful. three different bacterial species were isolated and identified. one of these was agrobacterium radiobacter, while another may represent a new taxon close to the genus burkholde ...199616535357
development of fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of contaminated soils.this report describes novel fungal inocula for bioaugmentation of soils contaminated with hazardous organic compounds. the inocula are in the form of pelleted solid substrates coated with a sodium alginate suspension of fungal spores or mycelial fragments and incubated until overgrown with the mycelium of selected lignin-degrading fungi. the organisms evaluated were phanerochaete chrysosporium (bkm f-1767, atcc 42725), p. sordida (hhb-8922-sp), irpex lacteus (mad-517, atcc 11245), bjerkandera ad ...199616535337
fluorene oxidation in vivo by phanerochaete chrysosporium and in vitro during manganese peroxidase-dependent lipid peroxidation.the oxidation of fluorene, a polycyclic hydrocarbon which is not a substrate for fungal lignin peroxidase, was studied in liquid cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium and in vitro with p. chrysosporium extracellular enzymes. intact fungal cultures metabolized fluorene to 9-hydroxyfluorene via 9-fluorenone. some conversion to more-polar products was also observed. oxidation of fluorene to 9-fluorenone was also obtained in vitro in a system that contained manganese(ii), unsaturated fatty acid, a ...199616535320
comparison of the efficacies of chloromethane, methionine, and s-adenosylmethionine as methyl precursors in the biosynthesis of veratryl alcohol and related compounds in phanerochaete chrysosporium.the effect on veratryl alcohol production of supplementing cultures of the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium with different methyl-(sup2)h(inf3)-labelled methyl precursors has been investigated. both chloromethane (ch(inf3)cl) and l-methionine caused earlier initiation of veratryl alcohol biosynthesis, but s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam) retarded the formation of the compound. a high level of c(sup2)h(inf3) incorporation into both the 3- and 4-o-methyl groups of veratryl alcohol ...199616535404
purification and characterization of cellobiose dehydrogenases from the white rot fungus trametes versicolor.the white rot fungus trametes versicolor degrades lignocellulosic material at least in part by oxidizing the lignin via a number of secreted oxidative and peroxidative enzymes. an extracellular reductive enzyme, cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh), oxidizes cellobiose and reduces insoluble mn(iv)o(inf2), commonly found as dark deposits in decaying wood, to form mn(iii), a powerful lignin-oxidizing agent. cdh also reduces ortho-quinones and produces sugar acids which can promote manganese peroxidase a ...199616535462
human pathogeneic fungi and their close nonpathogenic relatives.in order to understand the relationships between human pathogenic fungi and their close, nonpathogenic relatives, we compared small-subunit ribosomal dna sequences among four closely related pathogens, histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, trichophyton rubrum, and coccidioides immitis, and seven nonpathogenic fungi expected on morphological grounds to be their nearest relatives. we sequenced small-subunit rna genes from these fungi and used both genetic distance and parsimony algorit ...19968812309
unusual subcutaneous infections.this article reviews various unusual subcutaneous infections, including rhinosporidiosis, lobomycosis, and protothecosis. clinical findings, pathology, mycology, and treatment are discussed for each disease.19968821163
a preliminary study on the occurrence of keratinolytic fungi in the street sweepings from chorzów.the street sweepings from the city of chorzów were surveyed for keratinolytic fungi. out of 106 petri dishes examined, 98 (92.4%) were positive for these micro-organisms. altogether, 185 fungal appearances belonging to 15 species were observed. chrysosporium keratinophilum, malbranchea flava, ch. europae, sporothrix schenckii, ch. anamorphs of aphanoascus reticulisporus/fulvescens, ch. an. arthroderma curreyi, and m. an. uncinocarpus reessi predominated in the sweepings. the occurrence of ch. ke ...19968794692
degradation of pentachlorophenol by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in ammonium lignosulphonate media.removal and degradation of pentachlorophenol (pcp) by phanerochaete chrysosporium in static flask cultures was studied using ammonium lignosulphonates (ls), a waste product of the papermill industry, as a carbon and nitrogen source. after 3 days, cultures of p. chrysosporium grown in either a 2% ls (nitrogen-sufficient) medium or a 0.23% ls and 2% glucose (nitrogen-deficient) medium removed 72 to 75% of pcp, slightly less than the 95% removal seen using nitrogen-deficient glucose and ammonia med ...19968782389
lignocellulose degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium: gene families and gene expression for a complex process.phanerochaete chrysosporium completely degrades lignocellulose. the most recalcitrant component, lignin, is oxidized by the radical products of lignin and manganese peroxidases, whereas cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolysed. both peroxidases and cellulases exist as complex families at both the dna and protein levels. the lignin peroxidases may function principally when mycelium-bound and, therefore, undetectable in culture supernatants. moreover, methods for the study of p. chrysosporium mu ...19968830273
polymerization of pentachlorophenol and ferulic acid by fungal extracellular lignin-degrading enzymes.high-molecular-weight polymers were produced by a crude concentrated supernatant from ligninolytic phanerochaete chrysosporium cultures in a reaction mixture containing pentachlorophenol and a humic acid precursor (ferulic acid) in the presence of a detergent and h2o2. pure manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and laccase were also shown to catalyze the reaction.19968967777
fungal biodiversity in the air of turin.the qualitative fungal composition of turin's atmospheric environment was surveyed, carrying out a twelve-month study and collecting with a single stage volumetric sieve sampler on dermasel agar supplemented with 0.4 g l-1 cycloheximide and 0.05 g l-1 chloramphenicol. we isolated 165 species and 2 varieties of mesophilic fungi from 58 genera and 26 thermotolerant species from 12 genera. penicillium, aspergillus, acremonium, chrysosporium, scopulariopsis, malbranchea, paecilomyces, phialophora an ...19969208477
expression of lip genes during growth in soil and oxidation of anthracene by phanerochaete chrysosporium.mrna extraction from soil and quantitation by competitive reverse transcription-pcr were combined to study the expression of the 10 known lignin peroxidase (lip) genes in anthracene-transforming soil cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium. levels of extractable lipa transcript and protein (lip h8) were well correlated, although they were separated by a 2-day lag period. the patterns of transcript abundance over time in soil-grown p. chrysosporium varied among the nine lip mrnas detected; compar ...19968837425
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading capabilities of phanerochaete laevis hhb-1625 and its extracellular ligninolytic enzymes.the ability of phanerochaete laevis hhb-1625 to transform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in liquid culture was studied in relation to its complement of extracellular ligninolytic enzymes. in nitrogen-limited liquid medium, p. laevis produced high levels of manganese peroxidase (mnp). mnp activity was strongly regulated by the amount of mn2+ in the culture medium, as has been previously shown for several other white rot species. low levels of laccase were also detected. no lignin peroxid ...19968633857
oxidation of dimethoxylated aromatic compounds by lignin peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium.the stabilities of the cation radicals of veratryl alcohol, 3,4-dimethoxytoluene and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene were compared by monitoring the formation of dimeric products during the oxidation of these substrates by lignin peroxidase (lip). lip oxidized veratryl alcohol to generate veratraldehyde as the major product. several other monomeric products were obtained in low yield. dimeric products resulting from the coupling of two cation radicals, or a cation radical with a neutral molecule, were obta ...19968620892
expression of lignin peroxidase h8 in escherichia coli: folding and activation of the recombinant enzyme with ca2+ and haem.an engineered cdna from phanerochaete chrysosporium encoding both the mature and pro-sequence regions of lip isoenzyme h8 (lip) has been successfully overexpressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant protein (lipp*) was sequestered in inclusion bodies. the reduced-denatured polypeptide has been purified by differential solubilization, and the active enzyme recovered after controlled in vitro refolding (albeit in low yield), by glutathione-mediated oxidation of disulphides, in a folding medium c ...19968670100
characterization of manganese(ii) binding site mutants of manganese peroxidase.a series of site-directed mutants, e35q, e39q, and e35q-d179n, in the gene encoding manganese peroxidase isozyme 1 (mnp1) from phanerochaete chrysosporium, was created by overlap extension, using the polymerase chain reaction. the mutant genes were expressed in p. chrysosporium during primary metabolic growth under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. the mutant manganese peroxidases (mnps) were purified and characterized. the molecular masses of the mutant prote ...19968688436
co-expression of a phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase gene and a butyrivibrio fibrisolvens endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae.a cdna fragment encoding the phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase (cbh1-4) was amplified and cloned with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. the cbh1-4 gene and the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (end1) gene were successfully expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the phosphoglycerate kinase-i (pgk1) and alcohol dehydrogenase-ii (adh2) gene promoters and terminators, respectively. the native p. chrysosporium signal sequence me ...19968753654
control of pellet morphology of filamentous fungi in fluidized bed bioreactors by means of a pulsing flow. application to aspergillus niger and phanerochaete chrysosporium.the application of a pulsing flow to fluidized-bed bioreactors in order to control pellet morphology of filamentous fungi was investigated. the operation at an optimum pulsation frequency allowed two effects: a narrower pellet size distribution which improves fluidization quality, and an enhanced production of citric acid by aspergillus niger and manganese peroxidase by phanerochaete chrysosporium. in the case of a. niger, the pellet diameter corresponding to the pulsed system operated at 0.35 s ...19968987486
influence of environmental parameters on pentachlorophenol biotransformation in soil by lentinula edodes and phanerochaete chrysosporium.the influences of temperature, soil moisture potential and initial ph on the biotransformation of pentachlorophenol (pcp) by the lignicolous fungi lentinula edodes and phanerochaete chrysosporium were examined. at 10 degrees c, l. edodes was more effective in degrading pcp (p < 0.05) than p. chrysosporium. at 15 degrees c similar results were obtained for the two fungi. the highest levels of degradation occurred for both fungi at 25 degrees c. with p. chrysosporium, the extent of pcp elimination ...19968920199
characterization of manganese peroxidases from the hyperlignolytic fungus izu-154.four isozymes of manganese peroxidase (mnp) were identified in the culture fluid of the hyperlignolytic fungus izu-154 under nitrogen starvation conditions. one of them was purified and characterized kinetically. the specific activity and kcat/k(m) value of the mnp from izu-154 were 1.6 times higher than those of the mnp from a typical lignin-degrading fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium. two cdnas encoding mnp isozymes from izu-154 were isolated. the coding sequence of the two cdnas, iz-mnp1 cd ...19968899997
ajellomyces crescens sp. nov., taxonomy of emmonsia spp., and relatedness with blastomyces dermatitidis (teleomorph ajellomyces dermatitidis).adiaspiromycosis is known primarily as a pulmonary infection of small burrowing mammals and rarely of humans, in which the tissue spore form consists of a large, globose, thick-walled, non-proliferating structure called an adiaspore. the causative agents have been placed in emmonsia or chrysosporium and treated as either two species or varieties. emmonsia parva (= chrysosporium parvum var. parvum) has been distinguished from e. crescens (= c parvum var. crescens) by differences in maximum growth ...19968912163
cloning of a cdna encoding cellobiose dehydrogenase, a hemoflavoenzyme from phanerochaete chrysosporium.cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) is an extracellular hemoflavoenzyme produced by cellulose-degrading cultures of the wood-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. cdh contains one flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) and one heme b per molecule, and it oxidizes cellobiose to cellobionolactone. in this report, a 2.4-kb cdna encoding cdh was isolated by screening an expression library of p. chrysosporium ogc101 with a cdh-specific polyclonal antibody. the cdna encodes a 755-amino-acid prote ...19968919793
the effects of calcium on the thermal stability and activity of manganese peroxidase.the presence of micromolar ca2+ efficiently prevented the thermal inactivation of manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. the amount of ca2+ normally present in the enzyme decreased when the enzyme was thermally inactivated and egta increased the rate of inactivation. the inactivation kinetics were biphasic, suggesting a sequential two-step process. the rate of inactivation during the second, slower step corresponded to the rate of loss of heme from the enzyme. thermally inactivat ...19968806717
manganese peroxidase mrna and enzyme activity levels during bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with phanerochaete chrysosporium.mrna extraction from soil and quantitation by competitive reverse transcription-pcr were combined to study the expression of three manganese peroxidase (mnp) genes during removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in presterilized soil. periods of high mnp transcript levels and extractable mnp enzyme activity were temporally correlated, although separated by a short (1- to 2-day) lag period. this time frame also coincided with maximal rates of ...19968779576
metabolism of phenanthrene by the white rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus.the white rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus, grown for 11 days in basidiomycetes rich medium containing [14c] phenanthrene, metabolized 94% of the phenanthrene added. of the total radioactivity, 3% was oxidized to co2. approximately 52% of phenanthrene was metabolized to trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol) (28%), 2,2'-diphenic acid (17%), and unidentified metabolites (7%). nonextractable metabolites accounted for 35% of the total radioactivity. the me ...19968779594
cloning and characterization of another lignin peroxidase gene from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.lignin peroxidase (lip) isozymes of phanerochaete chrysosporium are encoded by a large family of closely related genes, whose total number is still unknown. among genomic clones, obtained using the polymerase chain reaction to clone the lip gene lpoa from phanerochaete chrysosporium strain bkm-f 1767, another lip gene was found. this gene, hg3, showed more than 95% nucleotide homology to those lip gene variants which encode lip isozyme h8. the gene encodes a protein of 372 amino acids, including ...19968839987
epr detection and characterization of lignin peroxidase porphyrin pi-cation radical.lignin peroxidase (lip) from phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyzes the h2o2 dependent one- and two-electron oxidations of substrates. the catalytic cycle involves the oxidation of ferric-lip by h2o2 by two electrons to compound i, which is an oxoferryl heme and a free radical. it has been speculated that the unpaired electron is in a pi delocalized porphyrin radical. however, no direct evidence for the presence of the free radical has been reported. we present electron paramagnetic resonance (ep ...19968855947
the utility of mitochondrial dna restriction analysis in the classification of strains of chrysosporium (hyphomycetes).the taxonomy of the fungal genus chrysosporium is mainly based on morphological features. in our current studies we have found several chrysosporium species which showed intermediate morphological characteristics between several species. for this reason, we have carried out an analysis of the mitochondrial dna restriction fragments of these strains that have permit us to classify each isolate strain in a species.19969011826
adiaspiromycosis in bullfrogs (rana catesbeiana). 19968953541
oxidation of 1,2,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene by lignin peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium.we have reinvestigated the lignin peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 1,2,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene (tmb) by using presteady-state and steady-state kinetic methods. our presteady-state kinetic results show that the reaction of compound i with tmb obeyed second order kinetics with a rate constant of 1.1 x 10(7) m-1s-1. the reaction of compound ii with tmb exhibits a hyperbolic concentration dependence with a kd of 16 microm and k = 24 s-1. the stoichiometry of tmb oxidation during steady state is two ...19968611032
dechlorogeodin and its new dihydro derivatives, fungal metabolites with herbicidal activity. 19968968402
purification and catalytic properties of two manganese peroxidase isoenzymes from pleurotus eryngii.the ligninolytic basidiomycetes pleurotus eryngii, pleurotus ostreatus, pleurotus pulmonarius and pleurotus sajor-caju did not exhibit detectable levels of manganese peroxidase (mp) when grown in liquid media with ammonium tartrate as n source. however, after examination of cells grown on different organic n-based media, high mp activity was obtained in peptone medium, up to nearly 3 u/ml in cultures of p. eryngii. moreover, mn2+ supplementation was not used to produce mp, since all mn2+ concent ...19968647081
efficient expression of a phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase gene in aspergillus oryzae.a manganese peroxidase gene (mnp1) from phanerochaete chrysosporium was efficiently expressed in aspergillus oryzae. expression was achieved by fusing the mature cdna of mnp1 with the a. oryzae taka amylase promoter and secretion signal. the 3' untranslated region of the glucoamylase gene of aspergillus awamori provided the terminator. the recombinant protein (rmnp) was secreted in an active form, permitting rapid detection and purification. physical and kinetic properties of rmnp were similar t ...19968975615
isolation of fungi from the pelage of cats and dogs using the hairbrush technique.a total of 178 cats and 59 dogs in palmerston north, new zealand were sampled for the presence of keratinophilic fungi on their pelage; 57.8% had fungi. the fungi were classified in 20 genera with the predominant species being members of the genera; chrysosporium, microsporum and trichophyton. cats were the major carriers of keratinolytic fungi. 18.5% of the cats and 5.1% of the dogs were either carriers or infected with m. canis. microsporum canis was a frequent isolate and its distribution had ...19968981779
decolorization of olive mill waste-waters by free and immobilized phanerochaete chrysosporium cultures. effect of the high-molecular-weight polyphenols.this paper describes the decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (cod) removal of olive mill waste-waters (omw) by phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in agitated submerged cultures. when p. chrysosporium was cultivated in the form of pellet, no decolorization of crude omw was observed. decolorization occurred only after removing by ultrafiltration, the high-mol-wt (hm) polyphenolic fraction (> 60 kda). the use of high lignin peroxidase (lip) producing medium yielded the highest levels of omw de ...19968984899
the effect of veratryl alcohol on manganese oxidation by lignin peroxidase.the extracellular peroxidase isozymes secreted by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium have been classified as manganese peroxidases (isozymes h3, h4, h5, and h9) and lignin peroxidases (isozymes h1, h2, h6, h7, h8, and h10). recently we reported peroxidase isozyme h2 can also oxidize mn2+ (khindaria et al., 1995, biochemistry 34, 7773-7779). this lignin peroxidase isozyme oxidized mn2+ with both of the enzyme intermediates, compound i and compound ii, at the same rates as manganese ...19968615691
small-angle x-ray scattering studies on cellobiose dehydrogenase from phanerochaete chrysosporium.limited proteolysis of cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium by papain cleaves the enzyme into two fragments containing flavin (fad) and heme, respectively. small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs) was employed to investigate size and shape of intact cdh and of its fragments in solution. the largest dimension of cdh amounts to about 18 nm, whereas the corresponding quantity of each of the two fragments is only around 9 nm. cdh as well as its fragments ap ...19968652622
1,4-benzoquinone reductase from basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium: spectral and kinetic analysis.the reaction mechanism of a 1,4-benzoquinone reductase from the wood-rotting basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated. the native, oxidized, fmn-containing enzyme was reduced quantitatively by nadh and the resulting reduced enzyme was reoxidized in the presence of one equivalent of 2,6-di-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (dmbq). the stoichiometry of nadh oxidation versus dmbq reduction is 1:1. the enzyme catalyzes the reduction of quinones to hydroquinones by a ping-pong steady-state m ...19968660680
molecular characterization of an aspergillus parasiticus dehydrogenase gene, nora, located on the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster.an aspergillus parasiticus cdna library was screened with monoclonal antibody raised against a purified a. parasiticus 43-kda protein demonstrating norsolorinic acid reductase (nor) activity. one immunopositive clone contained a cdna insert of 1,418 bp. dna sequence analysis of this cdna identified an open reading frame of 1,167 bp that represented the nora gene. the deduced amino acid sequence of the nora coding region consisted of 388 residues capable of encoding a polypeptide of 43.7 kda. sou ...19968593042
heterologous expression and reconstitution of fungal mn peroxidase.we have optimized the conditions under which recombinant mn peroxidase from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium can be expressed in escherichia coli. a bacterial expression vector for the cdna of mn peroxidase isozyme h4 (lambda mp1) was constructed (r. e. whitwam, i. g. gazarian, and m. tien, biochem. biophys. res. commun. 216, 1013-1017, 1995) whose expression in e. coli results in the formation of catalytically inactive polypeptide which can be refolded to active enzyme. the refo ...19968809085
glyoxal oxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium is a new radical-copper oxidase.a free radical-coupled copper complex has been identified as the catalytic structure in the active site of glyoxal oxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium based on a combination of spectroscopic and biochemical studies. the native (inactive) enzyme is activated by oxidants leading to the elimination of the cupric epr signal consistent with formation of an antiferromagnetically coupled radical-copper complex. oxidation also leads to the appearance of a substoichiometric free radical epr signal w ...19968557673
isolation of keratinophilic fungi from the floors of private veterinary clinics in italy.to evaluate the presence of keratinophilic fungi in the environment, 400 samples were collected from the floors of 50 private veterinary clinics using 55-mm-diameter 'contact plates', containing mycobiotic agar. after incubation for 15 days at 25 degrees c, the following species were isolated: microsporum canis, trichophyton terrestre, chrysosporium keratinophilum, chrysosporium sp., microsporum gypseum, trichophyton ajelloi, chrysosporium tropicum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, chrysosporium sta ...19968711896
seasonal study of the fungal biota of the fur of dogs.during a one year period, 944 dogs from the municipal kennel of barcelona were examined to detect animals with suspected dermatophytosis. only a few animals (1.8%) presented skin lesions but none of them had dermatophytosis. a representative number of dogs without visible skin lesions (n = 172), selected at random, were used to carry out a seasonal study of the mycobiota of their fur. fifteen isolates belonging to the genera microsporum and trichophyton were isolated from 14 of the 172 (8.1%) do ...19968751821
metabolic pathways utilized by phanerochaete chrysosporium for degradation of the cyclodiene pesticide endosulfan.recent studies have shown that cultures of white rot fungi not favoring the production of lignin and manganese peroxidases are effective in degrading certain xenobiotics. in this study we have used endosulfan as a model xenobiotic to assess the enzymatic mechanisms of pesticide metabolism under ligninolytic (nutrient-deficient) and nonligninolytic (nutrient-rich) culture conditions. rapid metabolism of this chlorinated pesticide occurred under each nutrient condition tested. however, the extent ...19968593059
evidence for cytochrome p-450 and p-450-mediated benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation in the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.the presence of cytochrome p-450 and p-450-mediated benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity in both microsomal and soluble fractions of the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium was shown. the reduced carbon monoxide difference spectrum showed maxima at 448-450 and 452-454 nm for microsomal and cytosolic fractions, respectively. both p-450 fractions produced a type i substrate binding spectrum on addition of benzo(a)pyrene. activity for benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation was nadph dependent and inh ...19968598277
effects of mercury on the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. 19968661868
only c-2 specific glucose oxidase activity is expressed in ligninolytic cultures of the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.two d-glucose-oxidizing enzymes, glucose 1-oxidase (g1o) and pyranose 2-oxidase (p2o, glucose 2-oxidase), have been proposed to play an important role in the ligninolytic system of the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium by producing hydrogen peroxide. the possible simultaneous expression and metabolic cooperation of the two oxidases was studied in strains me-446 (reported as g1o positive) and k-3 (p2o positive) grown in liquid media and under near natural conditions on birch wood block ...19968661938
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