Publications

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antibiotic clearance of ehrlichia canis from dogs infected by intravenous inoculation of carrier blood.ehrlichia canis is the etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) and is a useful model for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens, many of which infect dogs. the purpose of this study was to evaluate rifampin and doxycycline regimens for clearance of e. canis infections in addition to alleviation of cme. beagles were infected with e. canis by intravenous inoculation with carrier blood and treated with either rifampin or doxycycline after the acute phase of cme. improved hematological values ...200819120226
[drop off rhythm of rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) of artificially infested dogs].the present study evaluated the drop-off rhythm of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) ticks from two populations from brazil, one from monte negro, state of rondônia, and another from belo horizonte, state of minas gerais. artificial infestations with ticks were performed on dogs in the laboratory, held in a light: scotophase regimen of 12:12 h. larval drop-off rhythm was characterized by similar number of engorged larvae detaching during both periods of light and scotophase, or by a larger nu ...200819245759
[characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of urban expansion of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil].the present work studied the characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of urban expansion of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil. the collections were conducted from july to september 2003, examining 101 dogs of no defined breed. the ectoparasites were collected through visual and tactile inspection of the animals' bodies, and were then placed in bottles with 70 degrees gl ethanol and identified under a stereomicroscope. specimens were clarified and mounted on slides for analysis u ...200819265575
host surveys, ixodid tick biology and transmission scenarios as related to the tick-borne pathogen, ehrlichia canis.the ehrlichioses have been subject to increasing interest from veterinary and public health perspectives, but experimental studies of these diseases and their etiologic agents can be challenging. ehrlichia canis, the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, is relatively well characterized and offers unique advantages and opportunities to study interactions between a monocytotropic pathogen and both its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. historically, advances in tick-borne dise ...200818963493
rickettsia conorii transcriptional response within inoculation eschar.rickettsia conorii, the causative agent of the mediterranean spotted fever, is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus. the skin thus constitutes an important barrier for the entry and propagation of r. conorii. given this, analysis of the survival strategies used by the bacterium within infected skin is critical for our understanding of rickettsiosis.200818997861
a case of spotted fever group rickettsiosis imported into the united kingdom and treated with ciprofloxacin: a case report.spotted fever group rickettsioses are an interesting group of infections, which are increasing in incidence worldwide.200818387179
rickettsia slovaca in dermacentor marginatus and tick-borne lymphadenopathy, tuscany, italy.of 263 patients in tuscany, italy, from whom ticks were removed during july 2005-may 2007, five showed signs of tick-borne encephalopathy. of the ticks, 17 were dermacentor marginatus; 6 (35.3%) of these were identified by sequence analysis as containing rickettsia slovaca. tick-borne lympadenopathy occurs in this area.200818439371
degeneration of salivary glands of males of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari, ixodidae).the present study examined the salivary glands of rhipicephalus sanguineus males at days 0, 3, and 7 post-detachment from the host. degeneration of this organ occurred in the three stages and it advanced as time away from the host progressed. thus, characteristics of degeneration were more prominent in males at day 7 post-detachment than in males at day 0 post-detachment. in males at day 0 post-detachment, type i acini were intact; while in other stages these acini exhibited signs of degeneratio ...200818450383
efficacy of a single application of a 12.5% pyriprole topical solution against laboratory infestations with ticks (ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus, and rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs.in three separate studies, the efficacy of a single treatment with a 12.5% pyriprole spot-on solution was investigated against induced infestation with ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus and rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs (both sexes; beagles in studies 1 and 2, mixed-breed in study 3). for each tick species, one group of 8 dogs left untreated (studies 1 and 2) or treated with a placebo solution (study 3) was compared with another group treated once with the spot-on solution at a dose rat ...200818455315
genetic and antigenic diversities of major immunoreactive proteins in globally distributed ehrlichia canis strains.the extent of knowledge regarding the diversity of globally distributed ehrlichia canis strains has been limited to information gained from a few evolutionarily conserved genes. in this study, e. canis strains from the united states (strain jake [us]), brazil (strain são paulo [br]), and israel (strain 611 [is] and ranana [is-r]) were used to examine the antigenic and genetic diversities of four well-characterized major immunoreactive protein genes/proteins. gp36 and gp200 were the most divergen ...200818480237
evaluation of cytotoxic effects of fipronil on ovaries of semi-engorged rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae) tick female.the ovary of the rhipicephalus sanguineus dog tick female is structurally formed by oocytes in five different stages of development (from i to v) and attached to the gonad by the pedicel. the present study evaluated possible toxic effects of the acaricide fipronil (frontline) on ovaries of semi-engorged ticks. sixty partially fed females of r. sanguineus tick were distributed into four groups of 15 specimens each: i--non-treated; ii, iii and iv--treated with 1, 5 and 10 ppm of fipronil, respecti ...200818501493
toxicity of extract of magonia pubescens (sapindales: sapindaceae) st. hil. to control the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (acari: ixodidae).the action of crude ethanol extract of the stem bark of the soapberry magonia pubescens st. hil. was studied upon larvae of the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille). tick larvae were obtained by maintaining gravid females in an incubator, after collecting them from naturally infested kennels. the tick larvae were placed in envelopes of filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of the extract dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) and distilled water. four tests were re ...200818506302
splenic rupture and malignant mediterranean spotted fever. 200818507929
identification of a novel babesia sp. from a sable antelope (hippotragus niger harris, 1838).babesiosis in a sable antelope (hippotragus niger harris, 1838) was first reported in 1930; the parasite was named babesia irvinesmithi. recently, specimens from an adult sable that presented with a sudden onset of disease and that subsequently died during immobilization were submitted for molecular characterization. microscopic examination of thin blood smears revealed the presence of small piroplasms. dna was extracted from blood samples; the v4 variable region of the 18s rrna gene was amplifi ...200818508943
markers of cell death in salivary glands of males of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari, ixodidae).the salivary glands of rhipicephalus sanguineus males at stages: unfed (control), at day seven post-attachment, and at days three and seven post-detachment from the host were examined using methods of enzymatic analysis and cell viability. at these stages of feeding, different staining patterns were observed in the cells of type iv, iii, ii and i acini, which were affected by degeneration in this sequence. acid phosphatase reaction was inversely proportional to that of atpase, while atpase react ...200818514570
[control of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latrielle, 1806) (acari: ixodidae) in the kennel of the ufmg veterinary school, belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil].the present work was aimed at proposing a control measure for rhipicephalus sanguineus in a naturally infected kennel of 72 m(2) of the ufmg veterinary school with 25 dogs of different breeds. a sensitivity test to acaricide products was applied in a sample of r. sanguineus. out of the acaricide products tested: 12.5% amitraz (product 1); 2% alfamethrin and 60% dichlorvos association (product 2); 5% deltamethrin (product 3) and the association between 77.6% trichlorfon, 1.0% coumaphos and 1.0% c ...200818554440
ticks infesting domestic animals in northern greece.the tick species infesting grazing animals in the countryside of 11 prefectures in northern greece were investigated during april-july and september-december of consecutive years 2003-2006. a total of 3,249 (1,952 males, 1,297 females) adult ticks were collected from goats, sheep, cattle and dogs. ticks were identified as ixodes ricinus (44.57%), ixodes gibbosus (4.09%), rhipicephalus bursa (19.14%), rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus turanicus (5.79%), hyalomma marginatum marginatum (12.40 ...200818563592
anaphylactic shock caused by tick bites. 200818564642
the effect of temperature and fasting period on the viability of free-living females of rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions.little is known about the effect of temperature on viability of free-living phases of the life cycle of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) despite of its importance as vector of several pathogens. knowledge of the effect of abiotic factors on the capacity of a given tick species to infest new hosts is important for routine experimental activities under laboratory conditions, and may be relevant to understand the transmission of pathogens. the study evaluates the viability of r. sanguineu ...200818566896
reliminary survey of ticks (acari: ixodidae) on cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan.in a preliminary survey conducted in 2005, the species composition and seasonality of ticks infesting cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan was determined. three locations were selected (gumbo, khor rumla and nyaing) and surveyed every 3 months. two cattle herds in each of the three locations were visited four times during the study period. total body collections of ticks were made from each of five cattle (nilotic zebu breed) kept in six different herds. four tick genera and ten spe ...200818575063
host- and microbe-related risk factors for and pathophysiology of fatal rickettsia conorii infection in portuguese patients.the pathophysiologic mechanisms that determine the severity of mediterranean spotted fever (msf) and the host-related and microbe-related risk factors for a fatal outcome are incompletely understood.200818582199
rickettsia felis as emergent global threat for humans.rickettsia felis is an emergent pathogen belonging to transitional group rickettsiae. first described in 1990, r. felis infections have been reported to occur worldwide in fleas, mammals, and humans. because clinical signs of the illness are similar to those of murine typhus and other febrile illnesses such as dengue, the infection in humans is likely underestimated. r. felis has been found throughout the world in several types of ectoparasites; cat fleas appear to be the most common vectors. r. ...200818598619
spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks, morocco.a total of 370 ticks, encompassing 7 species from 4 genera, were collected during 2002-2006 from domestic animals and vegetation in the taza region of northeastern morocco. rickettsial dna was identified in 101 ticks (27%) by sequencing pcr products of fragments of the citrate synthase and outer membrane protein genes of rickettsia spp. seven rickettsiae of the spotted fever group were identified, including 4 pathogens: r. aeschlimannii in hyalomma marginatum marginatum, r. massiliae in rhipicep ...200818598627
[mediterranean spotted fever: new trends and new questions]. 200818598863
a survey for infection with dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi, and babesia canis in feral and client-owned dogs in the turks and caicos islands, british west indies.the frequency of infection with dirofilaria immitis and babesia canis and seropositivity to ehrlichia canis and borrelia burgdorferi in feral and client-owned dogs was determined. feral dogs were 14.8 and 11.2 times more likely to be seropositive to d. immitis and e. canis, respectively, than were client-owned dogs. none of the dogs tested positive for b. burgdorferi or b. canis.200818624070
molecular survey of rickettsia spp. in sick dogs in italy.the aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of rickettsia spp. dna in the blood of sick dogs from italy. canine blood samples (n=650) submitted for molecular testing of rickettsia spp. to a diagnostic laboratory from february 2003 to march 2006 were studied. the rickettsia spp. dna detection was performed by light cycler real-time pcr using hybridization probes separately conducted with specific primers and probes. the total percentage of rickettsia spp.-positive dog sa ...200818631232
bartonella sp. bacteremia in patients with neurological and neurocognitive dysfunction.we detected infection with a bartonella species (b. henselae or b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii) in blood samples from six immunocompetent patients who presented with a chronic neurological or neurocognitive syndrome including seizures, ataxia, memory loss, and/or tremors. each of these patients had substantial animal contact or recent arthropod exposure as a potential risk factor for bartonella infection. additional studies should be performed to clarify the potential role of bartonella spp. as a ...200818632903
molecular method for discrimination between francisella tularensis and francisella-like endosymbionts.environmental studies on the distribution of francisella spp. are hampered by the frequency of francisella-like endosymbionts that can produce a misleading positive result. a new, efficient molecular method for detection of francisella tularensis and its discrimination from francisella-like endosymbionts, as well as two variants associated with human disease (unusual f. tularensis strain fnsp1 and f. tularensis subsp. novicida-like strain 3523), is described. the method is highly specific and se ...200818650358
spotted fever group rickettsia in ticks from southeastern spain natural parks.during an 8-years study, we collected from vegetation or domestic and wild mammals 1246 ticks (624 males, 511 females and 111 nymphs) belonging to 13 species in jaen province (andalusia) and we analyzed these ticks by pcr and sequencing for the presence of rickettsiae. specific rickettsiae dna was detected in 243 (19.5%) of the ticks tested. sequence analysis of amplicons of glta, ompa and ompb genes revealed that ixodes ricinus were infected with r. monacensis, including strain irs3, and r. hel ...200818677442
ticks produce highly selective chemokine binding proteins with antiinflammatory activity.bloodsucking parasites such as ticks have evolved a wide variety of immunomodulatory proteins that are secreted in their saliva, allowing them to feed for long periods of time without being detected by the host immune system. one possible strategy used by ticks to evade the host immune response is to produce proteins that selectively bind and neutralize the chemokines that normally recruit cells of the innate immune system that protect the host from parasites. we have identified distinct cdnas e ...200818678732
ectoparasites on reintroduced roe deer capreolus capreolus in israel.the ectoparasite fauna of reintroduced roe deer (capreolus capreolus) was surveyed in a mediterranean forest in israel. ectoparasites were collected from four female hand-reared deer during 2004 and 2005. seasonality, predilection sites of infestation, and the apparent effect of the parasites are presented. this is the first study of roe deer parasites in the east mediterranean. the ectoparasite fauna included three hippoboscid fly (lipoptena capreoli, hippobosca equina, and hippobosca longipenn ...200818689655
canine vector-borne diseases in brazil.abstract: canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are highly prevalent in brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., babesia vogeli, leishmania infantum, and trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., dirofilaria immitis and dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including tick ...200818691408
the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae): from taxonomy to control.rhipicephalus sanguineus, commonly known as the brown dog tick, is a three-host tick that feeds primarily on dogs and occasionally on other hosts, including humans. r. sanguineus ticks are widely distributed around the world and they are known vectors of pathogens, such as babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, and rickettsia conorii. the increasing number of cases of human parasitism by r. sanguineus ticks reported in the literature indicates that the interaction between humans and r. sanguineus ticks ...200818280045
salp15 binding to dc-sign inhibits cytokine expression by impairing both nucleosome remodeling and mrna stabilization.ixodes ticks are major vectors for human pathogens, such as borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. tick saliva contains immunosuppressive molecules that facilitate tick feeding and b. burgdorferi infection. we here demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that the ixodes scapularis salivary protein salp15 inhibits adaptive immune responses by suppressing human dendritic cell (dc) functions. salp15 inhibits both toll-like receptor- and b. burgdorferi-induced productio ...200818282094
ehrlichia chaffeensis in child, venezuela. 200818325283
spotted fever group rickettsia in brown dog ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus in southwestern spain.a total of 2,229 adults ticks (1,428 males and 801 females) belonging to the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus latreille, 1806, collected from dogs in seville province (andalusia), distributed in 500 lots ranging from one to eight specimens per lot, were examined for the presence of rickettsiae by molecular techniques. specific rickettsiae dna were detected in 90 lots (18%) of ticks tested. sequence analysis of amplicons revealed that r. sanguineus ticks were infected exclusively with ric ...200818340465
death by apoptosis in salivary glands of females of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae).the salivary glands of females of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus at three feeding stages: unfed, engorged, and at day three post-engorgement, were subjected to cytochemical methods of enzymatic analysis and cell viability. comparing glands at these stages, was observed distinct staining patterns in cells of different types of acini, specially in degenerating types iii, ii, i, which were affected in this sequence by cell death. this study also revealed changes in: nuclei, staining intensity fo ...200818346738
expression and porin activity of p28 and omp-1f during intracellular ehrlichia chaffeensis development.ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligatory intracellular gram-negative bacterium, must take up various nutrients and metabolic compounds because it lacks many genes involved in metabolism. nutrient uptake by a gram-negative bacterium occurs primarily through pores or channels in the bacterial outer membrane. here we demonstrate that isolated e. chaffeensis outer membranes have porin activities, as determined by a proteoliposome swelling assay. the activity was partially blocked by an antibody that rec ...200818359808
molecular characterization of bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype iii.the molecular characterization of a bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype iii strain (ncsu strain 06-co1) isolated from the blood of a military working dog diagnosed with endocarditis is reported in this study. several genes were amplified and sequenced for comparative sequence similarity with other strains.200818367567
more about the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol in tick courtship: identification and olfactometer bioassay in amblyomma cajennense and rhipicephalus sanguineus.this study aimed to identify 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-dcp) in amblyomma cajennense and to evaluate its role in a. cajennense and rhipicephalus sanguineus courtship. hexanic extract from attractive females was purified by solid phase extraction and the phenol was identified by the single ion monitoring method using gc/ms. in an olfactometer, the responses of a. cajennense and r. sanguineus males to females, control rubber septa or rubber septa impregnated with 2,6-dcp at 50, 500, and 5000 ng, resp ...200818368237
molecular and parasitological survey of hepatozoon canis (apicomplexa: hepatozoidae) in dogs from rural area of sao paulo state, brazil.hepatozoon canis is a protozoan that infects dogs and is transmitted by the ingestion of the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. two distinct species of hepatozoon genus can infect dogs, h. canis and h. americanum. routine tests to detect the disease are based on direct examination of gametocytes on giemsa-stained blood smears. the objectives of this study were the investigation of infection prevalence in rural area dogs, the comparison of diagnostics by blood smear examination and polymer ...200818188597
acaricidal activity of calea serrata (asteraceae) on boophilus microplus and rhipicephalus sanguineus.calea serrata (asteraceae) is an endemic southern brazilian plant species used for religious and medicinal purposes. previous study revealed the presence of chromenes, a class of natural compounds that possess insecticidal properties. this study reports the effect of the hexane extract from the aerial parts of this plant on egg hatchability, egg production and mortality rates of newly hatched larvae of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. larvae of rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, r ...200818158216
prevalence of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys, babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis, bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii, and rickettsia spp. in dogs from grenada.to identify the tick-borne pathogens in dogs from grenada, we conducted a serologic survey for ehrlichia canis in 2004 (104 dogs) and a comprehensive serologic and molecular survey for a variety of tick-borne pathogens in 2006 (73 dogs). in 2004 and 2006, 44 and 32 dogs (42.3% and 43.8%) were seropositive for e. canis, respectively. in 2006, several tick-borne pathogens were identified by serology and pcr. dna of e. canis, anaplasma platys, babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis, and bartonella ...200818160223
chemical composition and larvicidal properties of the essential oils from drimys brasiliensis miers (winteraceae) on the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus.the essential oil obtained from leaves and stem barks of the southern brazilian native drimys brasiliensis miers, a tree with medicinal properties, was analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gc/mass spectrometry (ms). the oil was characterized by sesquiterpenoids (66%), cyclocolorenone being the most abundant (30.4%), followed by bicyclogermacrene (11.8%) and alpha-gurjunene (6.0%). laboratory tests were carried out to determine the toxicity of the essential oil on larvae of the cattle tick rhi ...200818046578
parasiticidal 2-alkoxy- and 2-aryloxyiminoalkyl trifluoromethanesulfonanilides.a series of novel 2-alkoxy- and 2-aryloxyiminoalkyl trifluoromethanesulfonanilide derivatives have shown significant in vitro parasiticidal activity against the ectoparasites ctenocephalides felis and rhipicephalus sanguineus. a number of these compounds also displayed significant in vitro endoparasite activity against the nematode haemonchus contortus.200818006308
tick saliva inhibits the chemotactic function of mip-1alpha and selectively impairs chemotaxis of immature dendritic cells by down-regulating cell-surface ccr5.ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that secrete immunomodulatory molecules through their saliva to antagonize host inflammatory and immune responses. as dendritic cells (dcs) play a major role in host immune responses, we studied the effects of rhipicephalus sanguineus tick saliva on dc migration and function. bone marrow-derived immature dcs pre-exposed to tick saliva showed reduced migration towards macrophage inflammatory protein (mip)-1alpha, mip-1beta and regulated upon activation, normal t ...200818023445
the effect of water and shampooing on the efficacy of a pyriprole 12.5% topical solution against brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) and cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) infestations on dogs.the efficacy of a single treatment with a 12.5% pyriprole spot-on formulation against induced infestations with r. sanguineus ticks and cat fleas (c. felis) as well as its persistence after repeated washing and shampooing was investigated in four separate studies. in a first study on r. sanguineus involving 32 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 30 days that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation ranged from 100% to 99.3%. no engorged ticks, alive or dead, ...200818061355
cytoplasmic rna and nuclear changes detected cytochemically during the degeneration of salivary glands of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari, ixodidae).the present study reports cytochemistry data about salivary glands of females (unfed, engorged, and at day three post-engorgement) and males (unfed, at day seven post-attachment, and at days three and seven post-detachment from the host) of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. the results revealed nuclear changes in engorged females and at day three post-engorgement, and in males in all stages (except unfed). these changes were more prominent in females. cytoplasmic changes were also observed in c ...200818061463
an insight into the sialome of the soft tick, ornithodorus parkeri.while hard ticks (ixodidae) take several days to feed on their hosts, soft ticks (argasidae) feed faster, usually taking less than 1h per meal. saliva assists in the feeding process by providing a cocktail of anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodullatory compounds. saliva of hard ticks has been shown to contain several families of genes each having multiple members, while those of soft ticks are relatively unexplored. analysis of the salivary transcriptome of the soft tick ornithodoru ...200818070662
ticks biting humans in the urban area of istanbul.a passive surveillance for tick bites in humans was undertaken in the city of istanbul (turkey) in the summer and autumn of 2006. from 1,054 reported tick bites, most were females of ixodes ricinus (27%) and nymphs of hyalomma aegyptium (50%). a few adults of hyalomma m. marginatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus and dermacentor marginatus were also recorded. we investigated potential risk factors for i. ricinus and h. aegyptium with spatial statistics. climate features at 1-km resolution (monthly min ...200818074152
real-time pcr-based prevalence study, infection follow-up and molecular characterization of canine hemotropic mycoplasmas.hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) have been reported in several mammalian species including dogs. infections may lead to hemolytic anemia, but investigations in the dog had been hampered by the lack of adequate diagnostic methods. only recently sensitive pcr-based assays were reported for the two canine hemoplasmas, mycoplasma haemocanis and candidatus mycoplasma haematoparvum. by applying these assays, 15.4% of 460 dogs from the south of france tested hemoplasma positive. it was hypothesized ...200817656047
larval keys to the genera of ixodidae (acari) and species of ixodes (latreille) ticks established in california.in california, hard (ixodidae) ticks transmit at least 8 zoonotic disease agents (1 virus, 6 bacteria, 1 protozoan) to humans or other animals. the correct taxonomic identification of all 3 parasitic stages (larvae, nymphs, adults) of ticks is integral to understanding host-tick associations and disease dynamics, but immature ticks, especially the larvae, can be difficult to identify. here, we present larval keys to the 4 genera of ixodidae (dermacentorkoch, 1844; haemaphysaliskoch, 1844; ixodes ...200820027236
[cross-reaction evaluation of pcr-anaplasma platys positive dogs tested to anaplasma phagocytophilum antibodies by commercial elisa].anaplasma platys, agent of canine cyclic thrombocytopenia parasites exclusively dogs platelets. its probable vector is the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. among the existent diagnostic methods, the most used include: morulae identification in blood smears; antibody detection by indirect immunofluorescence; or dna amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). recently a new commercial elisa (idexx®), capable of detecting a. phagocytophilum antibodies, has been developed. according to the manuf ...200820059806
[molecular analysis of the antigenic sequence (sbm7462®) from bm86 of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and similarity with rhipicephalus sanguineus and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum].the vaccination represents optimum method evaluated with effective cost to prevent economic losses and to increase the duration and quality of life of the production animals. . diverse vaccines are produced from the intestinal protein bm86 of the rhipicephalus. (b.) microplus. the knowledge of the conservation of the gene bm86 is very important to evaluate the vaccine efficiency and the possibility of reaction crossed between different species of ticks. samples of r. (b.) microplus come from dif ...200820059809
a survey of ectoparasitic arthropods on domestic animals in tak province, thailand.in july 2008 a survey of ectoparasites on domestic animals was conducted in the royal thai army areas of operation along the thai-myanmar border, tak province, thailand. eleven different ectoparasites were collected: two species of hard ticks (ixodidae), three species of fleas (siphonaptera) and 6 species of sucking or chewing lice (2 species each in the suborders anoplura, ischnocera and amblycera) were collected. domestic dogs (canis lupusfamiliaris) (n = 94) were found infested with 2 species ...200919842427
molecular and clinical evidence of ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in cameroonian patients with undifferentiated febrile illness.in the u.s.a., human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hme) caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis is an emerging tick-transmitted zoonosis. in cameroon, where e. canis, e. chaffeensis and e. ewingii have recently been detected in dogs and/or ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus), the potential exists for human infections. patients from the coastal region of cameroon who had acute fevers of unknown aetiology were therefore checked for ehrlichial infection, using a real-time pcr that amplifies part of a genus-spe ...200920030996
treatment with a novel chemokine-binding protein or eosinophil lineage-ablation protects mice from experimental colitis.eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes implicated in numerous inflammatory diseases. the present study was conducted to clarify the precise role of eosinophils in the development of colitis by using eosinophil-depleted mice and a novel chemokine-binding protein that neutralizes ccl11 action. colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (dss) to wild-type and eosinophil-deficient deltadblgata-1 mice. accumulation of eosinophils in the gut of mice given dss paralleled worsen ...200919893035
fleatickrisk: a meteorological model developed to monitor and predict the activity and density of three tick species and the cat flea in europe.mathematical modelling is quite a recent tool in epidemiology. geographical information system (gis) combined with remote sensing (data collection and analysis) provide valuable models, but the integration of climatologic models in parasitology and epidemiology is less common. the aim of our model, called "fleatickrisk", was to use meteorological data and forecasts to monitor the activity and density of some arthropods. our parasitological model uses the weather research and forecasting (wrf) me ...200919908193
burden of tick-borne infections on american companion animals.this review examines the biology of ticks and tick-borne infections in the united states. the most common tick-borne diseases in dogs and cats are discussed. we demonstrate that there is much interest in tick-borne infections at the level of the lay public (pet owners), describe trends in the distribution and prevalence of tick-borne infections in the united states, summarize some issues in understanding the degree of ill health due to tick-borne infections, and suggest some avenues for research ...200919945085
ticks on domestic animals in pernambuco, northeastern brazil.the objective of this article was to discuss some aspects of ticks associated with domestic animals in the state of pernambuco, northeastern brazil, based on a literature review and present new data obtained from recent tick collections carried out in this northeastern brazilian state. from august 2007 to june 2008, 1,405 ticks were collected and five species were identified: amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787), amblyomma ovale koch, 1844, dermacentor nitens neumann, 1897, rhipicephalus (boop ...200919772771
ectoparasite infestation on rural dogs in the municipality of são vicente férrer, pernambuco, northeastern brazil.this article presents the results of a study on ectoparasites infesting rural dogs in pernambuco, northeastern brazil. forty-one dogs from a rural community of pernambuco were examined and 70.7% were infested by ectoparasites. the prevalence rates of infestation by ticks, fleas, and lice were 58.5, 43.9 and 22%, respectively. of 24 dogs parasitized by ticks, 15 were exclusively infested by rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (32 females, 66 males, 9 nymphs; prevalence, 48.8%; mean intensity, 5. ...200919772781
prevalence and associated risk factors for bovine tick infestation in two districts of lower punjab, pakistan.bovine tick infestation is still a serious nuisance to livestock and the dairy industry of pakistan. the current paper reports the prevalence and associated risk factors for bovine tick infestation in the districts layyah and muzaffargarh of lower punjab, pakistan. a questionnaire-based survey was conducted to identify and to quantify variation in the prevalence of bovine tick infestation with respect to host (age, species, sex, and breed) and environmental (geographical area and climate) determ ...200919782414
seasonal variation of infestation rate with lice, tick and mite among rodents in certain egyptian regions.four species of mites (ornithonyssus bacoti, haemolaelaps glusgowi, echinolaelaps echinolelaps & dermanyssus gallinae), two species of ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus & hyalomma dromedarrii) and one species of lice (polyplax spinulose) were identified on rodents during 4 successive seasons (2005) trapped in five governorates (suez, menoufia, giza, damietta and beni-sewaf). the rodents were rattus norvegicus, rattus rattus alexandrinus, rattus rattus frugivourus, acomys cahirinus and mus musculus ...200919795768
[pediatric mediterranean spotted fever].in france, mediterranean spotted fever due to rickettsia conorii is mainly observed in the south-east. rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, is the vector and the reservoir of the disease. clinical diagnosis relies on the association of fever, rash and inoculation's scar during summertime. pathological lesion is a diffuse vasculitis. severity is often explained by a delay in diagnosis, but prognosis is good in pediatrics. treatment relies on doxycycline and on macrolids in children under ...200919836684
determination of lc(50) of permethrin acaricide in semi-engorged females of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae).currently, the most efficient and widely used method of tick control still is the treatment with acaricides, especially permethrin (active ingredient of the advantage, max3, bayer), a pyrethroid with neurotoxic action. due to the wide use of this acaricide in the control of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus, this study carried out laboratorial procedures to determine the lc(50) (lethal concentration fifty) of permethrin in semi-engorged females of r. sanguineus. based on the result of 14 dilutio ...200919679129
ehrlichia chaffeensis infections in drosophila melanogaster.ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligate, intracellular bacterium, transmitted by the tick amblyomma americanum, and is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis infections. we previously demonstrated that e. chaffeensis is capable of growing in drosophila s2 cells. therefore, we tested the hypothesis that e. chaffeensis can infect adult drosophila melanogaster. adult drosophila organisms were experimentally challenged with intra-abdominal injections of bacteria. ehrlichia-infected flies s ...200919687202
ectoparasites of dogs and cats in albania.one hundred eighty-one dogs and 26 short-hair cats from suburban areas around tirana, albania were examined for ectoparasite infestation. the dogs were examined on several occasions from 2005 through 2009 representing three seasons: winter (december-february), spring (march-may), and summer (june-august); the cats were examined in late autumn (november). in addition, deep ear swab specimens of 30 dogs were examined for ear mites. the arthropod ectoparasite fauna of the dogs included two tick spe ...200919690887
directed evolution of a filamentous fungus for thermotolerance.filamentous fungi are the most widely used eukaryotic biocatalysts in industrial and chemical applications. consequently, there is tremendous interest in methodology that can use the power of genetics to develop strains with improved performance. for example, metarhizium anisopliae is a broad host range entomopathogenic fungus currently under intensive investigation as a biologically based alternative to chemical pesticides. however, it use is limited by the relatively low tolerance of this spec ...200919709419
preliminary study on the acaricidal efficacy of spinosad administered orally to dogs infested with the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae).spinosad is a novel mode of action insecticide and acaricide derived from a family of natural compounds produced from fermentation of the actinomycete, saccharopolyspora spinosa. although spinosad has been shown to have rapid knockdown and 1 month of residual efficacy against fleas (ctenocephalides spp.) following oral administration in dogs, potential activity against ticks infesting dogs has not been determined. to address this possibility, a proof-of-concept laboratory efficacy study was cond ...200919713042
ticks and haemoparasites of dogs from praia, cape verde.in february 2008 an epidemiological field study on arthropod-borne infections in dogs was carried out in praia, the capital city of cape verde. for this purpose 130 dogs were included in the study. of these, 94.6% were infested with ticks. altogether, 1293 ticks of the genus rhipicephalus (in all evaluated cases r. sanguineus) were collected. examination for haemotropic parasites was performed via polymerase chain reaction (pcr). lymph node fine-needle aspirates were screened by pcr for leishman ...200919729247
effects of fipronil (active ingredient of frontline) on salivary gland cells of rhipicephalus sanguineus females (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae).the present study analyzed the effects of the chemical compound fipronil, active ingredient of frontline (acaricide and insecticide), on the salivary glands of unfed and semi-engorged female rhipicephalus sanguineus tick. unfed females were only exposed to the concentration of 1 ppm of fipronil, while semi-engorged females were treated with fipronil in three concentrations: 1 ppm, 5 ppm, and 10 ppm (distilled water was used as control). the histological and histochemical results revealed signifi ...200919748741
tick-borne rickettsiosis in traveler returning from honduras. 200919751607
mediterranean spotted fever, a diagnostic challenge in travellers.mediterranean spotted fever or boutonneuse fever is caused by rickettsia conorii and transmitted by the brown dog tick. the commonest symptoms are pyrexia, a maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathies and an inoculation eschar. increasingly, it is recognised as a cause of serious illness in southern europe. rickettsial infections of the spotted fever group are rarely reported in belgium. we report the case of a 20-year-old traveller returning from morocco who presented with fever and a markedly swoll ...200920101874
toxicity of neem seed oil against the larvae of boophilus decoloratus, a one-host tick in cattle.the in vitro toxicity of neem seed oil (azadirachta indica a. juss, family: meliaceae, dogon yaro in hausa language in nigeria) was tested against the larvae of a one-host tick, boophilus decoloratus (family: ixodidae or hard tick, commonly known as blue tick) parasitic mainly to cattle generally found in savannas of tropical equatorial africa. the 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% concentrations of neem seed oil were found to kill all (100% mortality) the larvae after 27, 27, 27, 27 and 24 h respectively ...200920502579
rickettsia spp. infection in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in a brazilian spotted fever endemic rural area in rio de janeiro state, brazil. 200920584167
structural basis of chemokine sequestration by a tick chemokine binding protein: the crystal structure of the complex between evasin-1 and ccl3.chemokines are a subset of cytokines responsible for controlling the cellular migration of inflammatory cells through interaction with seven transmembrane g protein-coupled receptors. the blocking of a chemokine-receptor interaction results in a reduced inflammatory response, and represents a possible anti-inflammatory strategy, a strategy that is already employed by some virus and parasites. anti-chemokine activity has been described in the extracts of tick salivary glands, and we have recently ...200920041127
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting camels (camelus dromedarius) in northern sudan.monthly total body tick collections from 13-20 camels were conducted for 2 consecutive years (2000-2001) in northern sudan. tick populations were correlated with locality, season, predeliction site, sex and coat colour. hyalomma dromedarii was found to be the predominant (89%) tick species infesting the camels. other tick species found in very low numbers were hyalomma impeltatum (7.7%), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (3.3%), hyalomma truncatum (0.29%), hyalomma marginatum rufipes (0.25%), rhipi ...200920698438
babesia and its hosts: adaptation to long-lasting interactions as a way to achieve efficient transmission.babesia, the causal agent of babesiosis, are tick-borne apicomplexan protozoa. true babesiae (babesia genus sensu stricto) are biologically characterized by direct development in erythrocytes and by transovarial transmission in the tick. a large number of true babesia species have been described in various vertebrate and tick hosts. this review presents the genus then discusses specific adaptations of babesia spp. to their hosts to achieve efficient transmission. the main adaptations lead to lon ...200919379662
when yellow jackets attack: recurrent and severe anaphylactic reactions to insect bites and stings. 200919862831
the complete mitochondrial genome of the house dust mite dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (trouessart): a novel gene arrangement among arthropods.the apparent scarcity of available sequence data has greatly impeded evolutionary studies in acari (mites and ticks). this subclass encompasses over 48,000 species and forms the largest group within the arachnida. although mitochondrial genomes are widely utilised for phylogenetic and population genetic studies, only 20 mitochondrial genomes of acari have been determined, of which only one belongs to the diverse order of the sarcoptiformes. in this study, we describe the mitochondrial genome of ...200919284646
canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the state of minas gerais, brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence.this epidemiological survey on canine babesiosis was carried out in three distinct rural regions (lavras, belo horizonte and nanuque) of the state of minas gerais, brazil. ticks and blood samples were collected during a dry season (lavras, n=92; belo horizonte, n=50; nanuque, n=102) and the subsequent rainy season (lavras, n=71; belo horizonte, n=28; nanuque, n=66) from dogs living on farms. plasma samples were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection of anti-babesia cani ...200918723199
identification, functional characterization and expression patterns of a water-specific aquaporin in the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus.much is known about the physiology of tick salivation, but nothing is known about the movement of water through the cell membranes of salivary glands, a phenomenon usually associated with water channels or aquaporins (aqps). an aqp, rsaqp1, was identified in a salivary gland cdna library of rhipicephalus sanguineus. in the first functional characterization of an acarine aqp, xenopus oocytes expressing rsaqp1 became water permeable, whereas rsaqp1 did not transport glycerol or urea. rsaqp1 was in ...200919000768
tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in ticks collected from central spain.the prevalence of tick-borne and related bacteria infecting adult ticks in central spain was assessed by molecular methods. six areas were sampled monthly during a 2-year longitudinal study. a total of 1,038 questing and 442 feeding ticks, belonging to eight different species, were tested. the most abundant species were hyalomma lusitanicum (54% of captures), followed by dermacentor marginatus (23%) and rhipicephalus sanguineus (10%). four human pathogens, including seven rickettsia species, ana ...200919556569
acaricidal efficacy of thymol on engorged nymphs and females of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1808) (acari: ixodidae).the present work was aimed at evaluating the "in vitro" efficacy of different concentrations of thymol on engorged nymphs and females of rhipicephalus sanguineus. the nymphs were separated in seven groups and immersed in different concentrations of thymol (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) for 5 min. a control group was established (water + dimethylsulfoxide) together with a positive control group (amitraz*), and mortality was evaluated after 15 days. in order to perform the experiment with fem ...200919562380
babesia spp. infection in dogs from rural areas of são paulo state, brazil.the status of babesia spp. infection in dogs from rural areas of são paulo state, brazil was studied. for this, 150 animals were examined by blood smears and by pcr; the presence of tick infestation was also investigated. by the blood smear examination, 3 animals (2%) were detected positive and by pcr for babesia spp. 12 (8%) were positive, with bands visualized in 450 bp. rhipicephalus sanguineus or amblyomma spp. were found on 36 (24%) of the 150 dogs. amblyomma species found were a. cajennens ...200919602312
[occurrence of ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the municipality of goiatins, tocantins].due to a suspected human case of brazilian lyme-like disease in the city of goiatins, tocantins state, an epidemiological survey was carried out in eight counties in this region during september 2007 and february 2008, where 1,890 ticks were collected from domestic animals and from the environment. a total of eight tick species were identified: rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, dermacentor nitens, amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma oblongoguttatum, amblyomma ovale, ambl ...200919602318
[mutagenic occurrence in teleoginae of rhipicephalus sanguineus from intradomiciliary environment at rio de janeiro city].from material collected by into a residence house at rio de janeiro city, using an aspirator machine during four continues hours in all house, it was captured 1,284 rhipicephalus sanguineus including 289 females; one of them showed a mutagenic alteration like an asymmetry of opistosome, and monstrosity like a two anus. the first register of this phenomenon in r. sanguineus is reported.200919602319
canine piroplasmosis in italy: epidemiological aspects in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.in italy, canine piroplasmosis is believed to be widespread, but few data are available on its presence in most areas. in 2005 and 2006, vertebrate and invertebrate hosts were investigated in central and northern regions of the country. microscopy on blood smears, molecular tools and serological tests were applied to 420 blood samples collected from dogs, in order to evaluate the presence of these protozoa and to identify possible risk factors. moreover, ticks were analyzed by molecular techniqu ...200919632786
detection and identification of rickettsial agents in ticks from domestic mammals in eastern panama.several outbreaks of rocky mountain spotted fever have occurred in recent years in colombian communities close to the border with panama. however, little is known about rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases in eastern panamanian provinces, the darien province and the kuna yala, located north of the endemic area in colombia. in 2007, 289 ticks were collected in several towns from dogs, horses, mules, cows, and pigs. dna was extracted from 124 dermacentor nitens, 64 rhipicephalus sanguineus, 43 amb ...200919645289
hepatozoon canis infecting dogs in the state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil.from may 2007 to march 2008, blood samples were collected from 92 healthy dogs living in 21 households (17 farms in rural area, and 4 homes in urban area) in 6 counties of the state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil. in addition, ticks were collected from these dogs. a mean of 4.4+/-3.0 dogs (range: 1-12) were sampled per household; 78 and 14 dogs were from rural and urban areas, respectively. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) designed to amplify fragments of the 18s rdna gene of babesia spp ...200919482427
a dog naturally infected with rickettsia akari in yucatan, méxico.rickettsia akari is the causative agent of rickettsialpox, a primarily urban mite-borne rickettsiosis that is encountered in the united states and in a few countries around the world. its vector is the mite liponyssoides sanguineus, which is found on rats and mice, which serve as reservoirs for the disease. in this work we report a severe animal case of r. akari infection with two unusual features: r. akari was found in a dog, and its potential vector was a tick.200919492943
the immunomodulatory action of sialostatin l on dendritic cells reveals its potential to interfere with autoimmunity.sialostatin l (sialol) is a secreted cysteine protease inhibitor identified in the salivary glands of the lyme disease vector ixodes scapularis. in this study, we reveal the mechanisms of sialol immunomodulatory actions on the vertebrate host. lps-induced maturation of dendritic cells from c57bl/6 mice was significantly reduced in the presence of sialol. although ova degradation was not affected by the presence of sialol in dendritic cell cultures, cathepsin s activity was partially inhibited, l ...200919494265
pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) to tick eggs and the effect of egg cuticular lipids on conidia development.the ovicidal efficacy of two entomopathogenic hyphomycetes fungi--metarhizium anisopliae variety acridum (m. an. ac.) driver and milner (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) and metarhizium anisopliae variety anisopliae (m. an. an.) (metschn.) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae)--was evaluated against eggs of three tick species (acari: ixodidae)--hyalomma excavatum (koch), rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus (say), and rhipicephalus sanguineus (latereille)--by placing eggs, laid by surface-sterilize ...200919496424
isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from soils and ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) ticks: prevalence and methods.entomopathogenic fungi are commonly found in forested soils that provide tick habitat, and many species are pathogenic to ixodes scapularis say, the blacklegged tick. as a first step to developing effective biocontrol strategies, the objective of this study was to determine the best methods to isolate entomopathogenic fungal species from field-collected samples of soils and ticks from an eastern deciduous forest where i. scapularis is common. several methods were assessed: (1) soils, leaf litter ...200919496427
microarray analysis of gene expression changes in feeding female and male lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l).a collection of est clones from female tick amblyomma americanum salivary glands was hybridized to rna from different feeding stages of female tick salivary glands and from unfed or feeding adult male ticks. in the female ticks, the expression patterns changed dramatically upon starting feeding, then changed again towards the end of feeding. on beginning feeding, genes possibly involved in survival on the host increased in expression as did many housekeeping genes. as feeding progressed, some of ...200919514082
external and intestinal parasites of pet dogs with reference to zoonotic toxocariasis.examination of 3000 pet dogs over two years at the veterinary teaching hospital, faculty of veterinary medicine revealed external and internal parasites. the external parasites were rhipicephalus sanguineus, ctenocephalus felis, sarcoptes canis, and sarcoptes scabiei. the internal parasites were echinococcus granulosus, dipylidium caninum, rare heterophyes heterophyes, and toxocara canis. toxocara eggs were detected in 9.83%. the results were discussed with reference to zoonotic toxocariasis.200919530631
closing the gaps between genotype and phenotype in rickettsia rickettsii.rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) caused by rickettsia rickettsii is a severe rickettsiosis that occurs in nearly every state of the continental usa. rmsf is endemic in central and southern america, with recent well-documented cases in mexico, costa rica, panama, colombia, brazil, and argentina. rmsf is the most malignant among known rickettsioses causing severe multiorgan dysfunction and high case fatality rates, which can reach 73% in untreated cases. variations in pathogenic biotypes of r. ...200919538260
deciphering the relationships between rickettsia conorii conorii and rhipicephalus sanguineus in the ecology and epidemiology of mediterranean spotted fever.mediterranean spotted fever is the most important tick-borne disease occurring in southern europe and north africa. the first case of this life-threatening zoonosis was reported in 1910. in the 1930s, the role of the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus, and the causative agent, rickettsia conorii were described. however, basic questions regarding the relationships between the rickettsia and its tick vector are still unresolved, and the life cycle of r. conorii is incompletely known. there i ...200919538263
characterization of rickettsial diseases in a hospital-based population in central tunisia.in tunisia, 2 rickettsial groups, spotted fever group and typhus group, have been described since the beginning of the 20th century. mediterranean spotted fever (msf), also known as boutonneuse fever, caused by rickettsia conorii and transmitted by the dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus, is the most frequent rickettsial infection observed. its seroprevalence in our region is 9% among blood donors and 23% in hospitalized febrile patients. typhus group rickettsioses, caused by r. typhi and r. prowa ...200919538277
epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever viruses in xinjiang, china.in 2004 and 2005, an epidemiological survey of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) was conducted in xinjiang, china. a total of 5,629 serum samples of human and livestock were collected and tested for the cchfv antibody, and 17,319 ticks were collected for viral identification. reverse passive hemagglutination inhibition assays showed that the average prevalence of cchfv antibody was 1.7% for the humans and 12.7% for the livestock. a relatively high antibody prevalence, ranging from 19 ...200919553586
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