Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| unknown species of rickettsiae isolated from ixodes ricinus tick in wałcz. | ticks ixodes ricinus have been harvested in park down-town wałcz in june 1994. presence of borrelia burgdorferi and rickettsiae has been tested with pcr. b. burgdorferi and coxiella burnetii have not been detected in any tick whereas characteristic for other rickettsiae dna fragment of gene encoding citrate-synthase has been found. bacterial strain has been cultured from the tick. biochemical properties of isolated strain has strongly suggested that these bacteria belong to genus bartonella (roc ... | 1996 | 8673798 |
| nymphal sexual dimorphism in the sheep tick ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae). | unfed nymphs of ixodes ricinus (l.) can be divided into two morphological groups according to the length of idiosoma, scutum, hypostome and palpal segment iii, and the number of dorsal alloscutal setae. specimens of greater body dimensions and more numerous dorsal alloscutal setae moulted predominantly into females. the frequency of different nymphal length categories in field-collected ticks followed a normal distribution. the length of unfed nymphs correlates well with the length (r = 0.7248 + ... | 1996 | 8682412 |
| immunosuppression and cytokine production in mice infested with ixodes ricinus ticks: a possible role of laminin and interleukin-10 on the in vitro responsiveness of lymphocytes to mitogens. | t cells from balb/c mice infested 9 days before with ixodes ricinus nymphs had a suppressed response to in vitro concanavalin a (con a) stimulation compared to cells from uninfested mice. when laminin (the main component of the extracellular matrix) was used as a coating agent, the con a response of naive mice was characterized by a decrease in cell proliferation, whereas there was no significant effect on the mitogen response of cells from infested mice. in contrast, an increased response to li ... | 1996 | 8698388 |
| characteristics of lyme disease spirochetes in archived european ticks. | to determine whether the characteristics of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) in europe may have changed during the past century, dna was amplified from archived ixodes ricinus ticks. tick dna could be amplified, even when ticks had been stored under museum conditions for nearly a century. spirochetal dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 6 ticks preserved for as long as a century; the oldest was collected in 1884. borrelia garinii, which predominates in modern ticks ... | 1996 | 8699081 |
| seasonal variations in density of questing ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs and prevalence of infection with b. burgdorferi s.l. in south central sweden. | seasonal variations in the density of questing ixodes ricinus (l.) nymphs and their prevalence of infection with borrelia burgdorferi s.l. johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner were studied during 1991-1993 at a locality in southcentral sweden. the seasonal pattern of the density of questing i. ricinus nymphs was variable; there was a bimodal pattern with peaks of similar magnitude in 1991, a bimodal pattern with a small spring peak and a greater autumn peak in 1992, and a unimodal patter ... | 1996 | 8699453 |
| infection of ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) by borrelia burgdorferi in ile de france. | free-living nymphs and adults from rambouillet and fontainebleau, 2 major forests of ile de france, were collected to determine the infection rates of ixodes ricinus l. by borrelia burgdorferi (johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner). field-collected i. ricinus nymphs and adults were screened for the presence of b. burgdorferi using direct fluorescent antibody assay. the infection rates of nymph, male and female were 12.4% (314), 2.8% (35), and 2.9% (34). no difference in infection rates o ... | 1996 | 8699470 |
| identification of four genomic groups of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a lyme borreliosis endemic region of northern croatia. | we investigated the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a lyme borreliosis (lb) endemic region of northern croatia. ticks (n = 124) were collected at five locations and analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a dna fragment from the internal transcribed spacer (its2) of i. ricinus was detected in all tick lysates, indicating that pcr inhibitors were not present. borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna was detected in 56 out of 124 ticks (45%). fo ... | 1996 | 8746131 |
| seasonal incidence of ixodes ricinus ticks (acari:ixodidae) on rodents in western france. | data collected from a longitudinal survey carried out over 2 years on four farms in western france were used to assess the incidence and infestation of ixodes ricinus on rodents. once a month, on each farm, 25 sherman live traps were set in hedges bordering selected pastures. a total of 799 micromammals were examined, including apodemus sylvaticus, clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis, microtus arvalis, and crocidura spp. larvae and nymphs of i. ricinus were found. small numbers of ixodes ... | 1996 | 8771769 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by pcr in questing ixodes ricinus larvae from the dutch north sea island of ameland. | in may 1995, 61 ixodes ricinus larvae were collected from vegetation on the dutch north sea island of ameland. fifty-seven lysates (94%) were analysed for the presence of borrelia dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which amplified the intergenic spacer region between the 5s and 23s rrna genes. three samples (5%) were positive and hybridization of the pcr product to genomic group-specific probes revealed that two larvae were infected with borrelia afzelii and group vs116, respectively an ... | 1996 | 8771771 |
| molecular characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from slovenia revealing significant differences between tick and human isolates. | one hundred twenty-nine slovenian isolates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato derived from patients (69 strains) or ixodes ricinus ticks (60 strains) were characterized. all of the strains were first- or second-passage isolates obtained in 1992 and 1993 from the same endemic region. the techniques used for the molecular analysis of strains included species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoretic separation of undigested and mlui-digested genomic dna. ... | 1996 | 8781883 |
| molecular polymorphism of the lyme disease agent borrelia garinii in northern europe is influenced by a novel enzootic borrelia focus in the north atlantic. | lyme disease borrelia species are distributed in temperate areas of north america and eurasia. to elucidate the distribution of borreliae in subarctic regions, strains isolated from ixodes ricinus and ixodes uriae ticks found on islands in the northern atlantic and baltic sea were molecularly characterized. all isolates were verified as borrelia garinii by 16s rrna gene analysis and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies specific for the outer surface proteins a and c. three ribotypes (rts) o ... | 1996 | 8789017 |
| vector-borne viral diseases in sweden--a short review. | ockelbo disease, caused by a sindbis-related virus transmitted to man by mosquitoes, was first described in the central part of sweden in the 1960s as clusters of patients with fever, arthralgia and rash. an average annual rate of 30 cases was recorded in the 1980s but no cases have been diagnosed during the last few years. nephropathia epidemica (ne) characterized by fever, abdominal pain and renal dysfunction has been known to cause considerable morbidity in sweden during the last 60 years but ... | 1996 | 8800805 |
| ultrastructural localization of a sialic acid-specific hemolymph lectin in the hemocytes and other tissues of the hard tick ixodes ricinus (acari; chelicerata). | lectins have been suggested to function as pattern-recognition molecules in invertebrate immune mechanisms. a lectin from the hemolymph of the tick ixodes ricinus with main specificity for sialic acid was characterized and antibodies directed against this lectin were prepared. in this study, these antibodies were used to localize the lectin in the tissues of i. ricinus. immunoreactivity with poly- and monoclonal antibodies was detected in the granules of both types of granular hemocytes, at the ... | 1996 | 8801552 |
| tick factors and in vitro cultivation influence the protein profile, antigenicity and pathogenicity of a cloned borrelia garinii isolate from ixodes ricinus hemolymph. | a borrelia garinii isolate (ne11h) was obtained from the hemolymph of infed ixodes ricinus. ne11h expressed four major proteins of 33 kda, 32 kda, 23 kda and 22 kda. during in vitro culture, ne11h successively lost the expression of the 22 kda and 23 kda proteins and the ne11h variant (ne11hp15) was not recognized by an immune serum specific for the ospc protein (anti-ospc is). however, when reintroduced into tick midguts, ne11hp15 spirochetes present in the midgut again reacted with anti-ospc i ... | 1996 | 8811366 |
| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains isolated from ixodes ricinus in mecklenburg-vorpommern, germany. | epidemiological studies in mecklenburg-vorpommern have shown a high prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks. a total of 17 b. burgdorferi sensu lato strains were isolated from ticks and investigated by western blots (immunoblot) with eight monoclonal anti-bodies against different epitopes of the outer surface protein a (ospa). except for one, all strains could be classified using this system. the majority of strains belonged to the b. garinii-associated ospa serotypes 3, 5 and 6. three ... | 1996 | 8811650 |
| mitotic activity of the hemocytes in the tick ixodes ricinus (acari; ixodidae). | the blood cells, or hemocytes, of ixodes ricinus have been shown to recognize, attack, and phagocytose microorganisms invading the body cavity, or hemocoel, of this tick. regulated proliferation and differentiation of hemocytes, also referred to as immunocytes, is basic to an effective immune response to invading microorganisms. therefore, this study dealt with hemopoiesis in i. ricinus, the vector tick of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. histological evidence for the presence o ... | 1996 | 8832731 |
| borreliae in immature ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) ticks parasitizing birds in the czech republic. | of 411 forest birds of 33 species examined near valtice, czech republic, 29% were infested with ixodes ricinus (l.); 2.2% were parasitized by haemaphysalis concinna koch. borreliae were detected in 5.1 and 11.7% of larval and nymphal i. ricinus, respectively. none of the 13 h. concinna tested was infected. in total, 3.2% of the birds examined were parasitized by i. ricinus immatures infected by borreliae. borreliae-containing ticks parasitized european robin, erithacus rubecula (l.); eurasian bl ... | 1996 | 8840682 |
| relationship between ixodes ricinus density and prevalence of infection with borrelia-like spirochetes and density of infected ticks. | during 1994-1995 we examined the density of questing ixodes ricinus (l.) nymphs and their prevalence of infection with borrelia-like spirochetes at 43 localities in south-central sweden with median nymphal densities ranging from 0.1 to > 50/100 m2. the general pattern was that the infection prevalence in nymphs increased with nymphal density at < 10 nymphs per 100 m2, peaked (20-30%) at 10-20 nymphs per 100 m2, and decreased at higher nymphal densities. a low infection prevalence (7-10%) in nymp ... | 1996 | 8840687 |
| cytokine production by lymph node cells from mice infested with ixodes ricinus ticks and the effect of tick salivary gland extracts on il-2 production. | in balb/c mice repeatedly infested with nymphal ixodes ricinus ticks, lymphocytes from axillary and brachial lymph nodes which drain the tick attachment site produced significant levels of il-2, tnf-alpha and gm-csf when stimulated in vitro with con a or anti-cd3 antibodies. cytokine production by cells from lymph nodes of the opposite flank was equivalent to that of cells from uninfested mice. nine days after the first infestation and il-2, gm-csf were produced primarily by the cd4+ t cells, wh ... | 1996 | 8845033 |
| first isolation and characterisation of borrelia garinii, agent of lyme borreliosis, from irish ticks. | nymphal ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of lyme borreliosis, were collected from the edges of paths in muckross demesne, killarney national park, co. kerry, ireland. examination of some of these nymphs by indirect immunofluorescence showed an infection prevalence of 12% with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the spirochaete agent of lyme borreliosis. gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) were infected by infesting them with other nymphs from the same batch. subsequently uninfected laboratory larvae wer ... | 1996 | 8867493 |
| frequent isolation of francisella tularensis from dermacentor reticulatus ticks in an enzootic focus of tularaemia. | a total of 924 questing dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius), 504 ixodes ricinus (l.), sixty haemaphysalis concinna koch and 718 mosquitoes (aedes spp.) were examined in a floodplain forest ecosystem during the 1994-95 outbreak of tularaemia in south moravia, czech republic. francisella tularensis was not isolated from h.concinna ticks or aedes spp. mosquitoes, whereas twenty-one isolates were recovered from the other haematophagous arthropods. dermacentor reticulatus revealed a significantly hig ... | 1996 | 8887334 |
| a simple method of transmission risk assessment in enzootic foci of lyme borreliosis. | the proposed method consists in examining individual host-seeking vector ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex by microscopy for borreliae and evaluating the proportion of ticks with more than 100 borreliae. the investigations were carried out in a deciduous oak forest habitat in south moravia, czech republic, over four years (1991-1994). in may (i.e., at the peak of seasonal activity of i. ricinus), about 150 nymphal and 200 adult ticks were examined each year. it was found that annual incidence ... | 1996 | 8891535 |
| family outbreak of alimentary tick-borne encephalitis in slovakia associated with a natural focus of infection. | a family outbreak of tick-borne encephalitis involving 7 people, all of them hospitalized, was observed in the district of povazská bystrica (central slovakia). the disease was associated with the drinking of unboiled goat milk and tick-borne encephalitis virus was recovered from ixodes ricinus ticks collected from places where goats were grazing. | 1996 | 8891541 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in ixodes ricinus (l.) populations in france, according to a phytoecological zoning of the territory. | ixodes ricinus is considered as the main vector of lyme borreliosis in france. the aim of our investigations was to obtain a comprehensive view of the spatial risk linked to the distribution of the species in our country. previous studies [1] have provided strong evidence that the species populations are widely distributed, so the objective of the present work was to ascertain the bacteriological infection of the tick by the agent of the zoonosis (borrelia burgdorferi, sensu lato), over the fren ... | 1996 | 8891545 |
| a molecular marker for the identification of the zoonotic reservoirs of lyme borreliosis by analysis of the blood meal in its european vector ixodes ricinus. | the efficacy of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b gene as a molecular marker for the discrimination of the reservoir host species of the lyme borreliosis spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), in its european vector ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) was determined. degenerate pcr primers were designed which amplified orthologous regions of the cytochrome b gene in several animal species which act as b. burgdorferi s.l. reservoirs and hosts for i. ricinus. pcr products were amp ... | 1996 | 8899988 |
| importance of localized skin infection in tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission. | arboviruses are transmitted to vertebrates by the "bite" of infected arthropods. events at the site of virus deposition are largely unknown despite increasing evidence that blood-sucking arthropods immunomodulate their skin site of feeding. this question is particularly relevant for ixodid ticks that feed for several days. to examine events under conditions mimicking tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus transmission in nature (i.e., infected and uninfected ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on the same ... | 1996 | 8638401 |
| detection of four species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in the netherlands. | roe deer (capreolus capreolus) were investigated for their value as sentinel animals for lyme borreliosis in the netherlands. serum was obtained from 114 roe deer, and 513 ixodes ricinus, predominantly females (72%), were obtained from 47 animals (41%). the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect dna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in a total of 190 ticks, comprising 106 engorged ticks and 84 non-engorged ticks. borrelia dna was detected in 24 engorged ticks (23%) and 26 non-engorged tic ... | 1996 | 8972683 |
| novel agglutinin in the midgut of the tick ixodes ricinus. | haemagglutination activity (ha) was found and characterized in a midgut homogenate of ixodes ricinus (l.). ha was induced by tick feeding; it was not detected in starved ticks. in a haemagglutination inhibition test, ha showed an affinity for some carbohydrates (n-acetyl-d-galactosamine, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, rhamnose, and dulcit) and glycoconjugates (especially lipopolysaccharides). midgut protein components of 37, 60, 65, and 73 kda were identified by immunoblotting as potential structural s ... | 1996 | 8978104 |
| [the place of ixodid ticks (ixodidae) in forest ecosystems]. | the ticks ixodes ricinus and i. persulcatus are the dominant tick species in the forest ecosystems of the temporary zone of eurasia. they occur within their areals in every types of forests except arid and marsh biotopes. the density of tick populations per square unit exceed many times those of dominant species of mammals and birds living in the same ecosystems. in optimal conditions the abundance of hungry larvae per 1 square km varies from hundreds of thousands to several millions, that of ny ... | 1996 | 8984441 |
| the occurrence of ixodid ticks on wild mink mustela vision in england and wales. | four species of ticks found to infest 1391 american mink (mustela vison) in britain in five years were, in declining order of frequency, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes canisuga, ixodes ricinus and ixodes acuminatus. ixodes hexagonus and i. canisuga occurred on 40% and 2.5% of mink respectively. infestation rates (the proportion of infested mink) of adult females, nymphs and larvae were similar and tended to be lower in summer. the distribution of infestation size (the number of ticks per host) for adu ... | 1996 | 8994138 |
| preliminary studies on virus and spirochete accumulation in the cement plug of ixodid ticks. | we provide evidence that tick-borne encephalitis virus and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. are accumulated in the cement plug in the host skin within the first few hours after tick attachment. extirpation of the tick without the cement plug, even very soon after the attachment, did not prevent the transmission by ixodes ricinus, ixodes persulcatus or dermacentor reticulatus to mice. this was within 1 hour in the case of the tbe virus and after 20-22 h of attachment, in the case of borrelia and i. pers ... | 1996 | 9004495 |
| dynamics of borrelia burgdorferi infection in nymphal ixodes ricinus ticks during feeding. | we report the sequential development events of borrelia burgdorferi in histological sections of ixodes ricinus nymphs before, during and after feeding. during the blood meal a decrease of approximately 50% in the number of infected ticks was recorded (eight out of 76, 11%) in comparison with the infection rate of unfed ticks (12 out of 56, 21%). spirochetes were detected in tick salivary glands only after 2 days of attachment. from day 3 until drop-off, the number of infected ticks increased to ... | 1996 | 9022268 |
| [experimental infection of mice with babesia microti: characterization of parasitemia]. | the apicomplexa parasites of the genus babesia, the etiologic agents of the disease not only in domestic and wild mammals but also in humans, live and reproduce in erythrocytes of the host. transmission of babesia species is by tick (ixodidae) bite. in natural conditions, trans-stadial and trans-ovarian passage occurs in ixodes ricinus infected with some species of babesia, e.g. b. divergens. however, there is apparently trans-stadial passage of b. microti in ixodes sp. only from larvae to nymph ... | 1996 | 9103050 |
| [the evaluation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes distribution in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in selected regions of wielkopolska+ regions by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method]. | ixodes ricinus ticks (total n = 298: 24 nymphs, 156 females and 112 males) collected from vegetation at 7 different sites were examined individually for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes. detection of spirochaetes was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers complementary to chromosomal sequence. borreliae were evident in 73 (24.5%) examined ticks. females were infected in 28.8%, males in 22.0% and nymphs in 8.3%. infection rate in tick population i ... | 1996 | 9132794 |
| spirochetal non-borrelia-microorganism isolated from ixodes ricinus. | spirochetal microorganisms were isolated from female ixodes ricinus in slovakia. morphological, immunochemical and molecular biological analysis showed that the microorganism shared several common antigens with borrelia species while other genetic traits were distinct and not related to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. lyme disease patient's serum contained antibodies reacting with antigens of this microorganism. on the one hand the cross-reacting antigens represent a risk of false positive resu ... | 1996 | 9138313 |
| [preliminary identification of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in eastern slovakia]. | the first finding of spirochetes borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in eastern slovakia pertains to ticks ixodes ricinus collected in the kosice park forest in september 1995. the authors tested 7 strains using immunoblotting with 4 monoclonal antibodies (mab): h9724--specific to the genus borrelia, identifying 41 kda flagellar protein, h5332--specific to ospa protein of b. burgdorferi, j 8.3 and i 17.3 specific to ospa and ospb proteins of b. afzelii. all the strains belong to the genus borrelia ( ... | 1997 | 9162456 |
| the geographical distribution of tick bites and erythema migrans in general practice in the netherlands. | lyme disease is caused by borrelia burgdorferi which is transmitted in europe by the tick ixodes ricinus. erythema migrans is a skin lesion which is pathognomonic of lyme disease. a retrospective study was carried out to determine the geographical distribution of the occurrence of tick bites and erythema migrans in the netherlands and to identify ecological risk factors. | 1997 | 9169184 |
| diel activity of ixodes ricinus acari:ixodidae at two locations near stockholm, sweden. | the diel 'activity', i.e. availability, of ixodes ricinus larvae, nymphs and adults was investigated in a meadow and a forest habitat near stockholm during 1991-1993. generally, the immature ticks were more prevalent in the forest than in the meadow. in the meadow, the mean larval and adult numbers varied significantly between 4 h time intervals with the peak activity from 2300 to 0300 h. in the forest, the tick numbers did not differ significantly between the time intervals. the association of ... | 1997 | 9178511 |
| biology of tick-borne encephalitis virus. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus is an important human pathogen belonging to the genus flavivirus within the family flaviviridae. the genome of the tbe virus is a single-stranded rna (ssrna) molecule of positive polarity encoding all the viral proteins within a single open reading frame (orf). tbe virus shares common physical and genetic characteristic of the flavivirus genus. two subtypes of the tbe virus have been described: (1) european, endemic in many parts of europe and transmitted by i ... | 1997 | 9219644 |
| competence of urban rats as reservoir hosts for lyme disease spirochetes. | to determine whether urban rats serve efficiently as reservoir hosts for the agent of lyme disease, we recorded the frequency of infection in nymphal ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks that had fed as larvae on experimentally infected norway rats, rattus norvegicus (berkenhout), or on black rats, r. rattus (l.), and evaluated the nidicolous venue of transmission. subadult vector ticks attached readily to norway rats as well as black rats and virtually all became infected in the course of feeding. larval ... | 1997 | 9220684 |
| transmission of louping ill virus between infected and uninfected ticks co-feeding on mountain hares. | most of the data on oral infection of ticks by louping ill virus have been obtained from experiments in which animals were infected by syringe inoculation with infectious material. using infected ticks to mimic the natural situation, we have demonstrated that louping ill (li) virus transmission can occur from infected to uninfected ixodes ricinus feeding in close proximity on mountain hares (lepus timidus). under these conditions the hares developed either low or undetectable viraemias. highest ... | 1997 | 9226648 |
| identification of an ixodes ricinus salivary gland fraction through its ability to stimulate cd4 t cells present in balb/c mice lymph nodes draining the tick fixation site. | balb/c mice infested with larvae or nymphs of ixodes ricinus develop in their lymph nodes a t cell-specific immune response triggered by salivary gland soluble antigens (sga). sga are apparently conserved in the 3 biological stages of i. ricinus ticks and are species specific. sga derived from partially fed females i. ricinus stimulate lymph node t cells from mice infested with i. ricinus larvae or nymphs. in contrast, lymph node cells from mice infested with amblyomma hebraeum nymphs do not res ... | 1997 | 9226956 |
| definitive identification of louping ill virus by rt-pcr and sequencing in field populations of ixodes ricinus on the lochindorb estate. | rapid and precise virus detection procedures are an important component of any epizootiological study. an automated one tube reverse transcriptase and nested primer polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by nucleotide sequencing of the cdna product, was used for the rapid detection and identification of louping ill (li) virus in field caught ixodes ricinus and compared with a classical isolation method i.e. infectivity in cell culture. the results establish the genetic identity of li virus ... | 1997 | 9229007 |
| a population-based seroepidemiologic study of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and lyme borreliosis on the west coast of sweden. | ehrlichioses are emerging infections in the united states. human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) and lyme borreliosis (lb) are acquired after ixodes ricinus-complex tick bites. an ongoing seroepidemiologic study of the 185 of the 356 permanent residents of the koster islands in sweden was expanded to include ehrlichioses. ehrlichial antibodies were measured by ifa using ehrlichia equi and ehrlichia chaffeensis. borrelia burgdorferi igg elisa-seropositive subjects were confirmed by western blot. ... | 1997 | 9041353 |
| local variations in the distribution and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies in ixodes ricinus ticks. | unfed nymphal and adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from five locations within the 10,000-ha killarney national park, ireland. the distribution and prevalence of the genomospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the ticks were investigated by pcr amplification of the intergenic spacer region between the 5s and 23s rrna genes and by reverse line blotting with genomospecies-specific oligonucleotide probes. the prevalence of ticks infected with b. burgdorferi sensu lato was significan ... | 1997 | 9055424 |
| prevalence and seasonal activity of ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) on domestic ruminants of the basque country, spain. | ixodes ricinus on domestic ruminants was sampled through a natural year at several points in the basque country, north spain. the sampling points were comprised of the different natural regions, according to climate and vegetation, into which the region is commonly divided. both the immature and adult stages were collected on cattle and sheep at five of the eight collecting points, namely in areas with a medium elevation, mild summers and a medium to high annual rainfall. the adults of this tick ... | 1997 | 9057304 |
| the distribution and prevalence of b. burgdorferi genomospecies in ixodes ricinus ticks in ireland. | questing ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from six locations throughout ireland and 638 nymphs, 111 females and 118 males were investigated for infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensulato (s.l.). the total prevalence of b. burgdorferi s.l. in the ticks was determined as 14.9% by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the spacer region of 5s-23s rrna genes. infection prevalence was significantly higher in adult (20.1%) ixodes ricinus compared to nymphs (13.1%). the prevalence of in ... | 1997 | 9062782 |
| [health effects of climatic changes--possible consequences for norway]. | in the year 2100 a global mean temperature increase of 2 degrees c, and a 50 cm rise in sea level are expected. an escalation in the intensity and duration of heat waves will increase mortality, whilst higher temperatures in cold regions may reduce it. on a global scale, vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever and some types of viral encephalitis are likely to increase. 50 to 80 million more cases of malaria could occur annually. elevated temperatures and more frequent floods ... | 1997 | 9064811 |
| tick zoonoses in the southern part of switzerland (canton ticino): occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and rickettsia sp. | the diversity and the distribution of tick species and their infection rates by the pathogenic micro-organism borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis, and rickettsia sp., were studied in canton ticino (the southern part of switzerland). ticks specimens collected from animals and humans were classified and analysed for the presence of both pathogens. in particular, pcr analysis was performed for the detection of borrelia spirochetes in ixodes ricinus and ixodes he ... | 1997 | 9085007 |
| unusual manifestations of hypersensitivity after a tick bite: report of two cases. | ticks are able to transmit, through biting, various viral, parasitic, and bacterial diseases, the best known being lyme disease due to borrelia burgdorferi. in addition, ticks may also induce allergic reactions. | 1997 | 9236498 |
| the etiological agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, in ticks (acari:ixodidae) from eastern poland. | in 1994, 4204 out of 4656 ixodes ricinus collected both from vegetation in three different areas and from hunter-killed deer and wild boar in the białystok province (eastern poland) were examined individually for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi s.i. detection of spirochetes was carried out by the routine indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using polyclonal antibody (anti-b. burgdorferi, strain 1 b 29). b. burgdorferi spirochetes were evident in 349 (8.8%) nymphal and adult i. ricinus co ... | 1997 | 9241805 |
| tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev)-specific rt-pcr for characterization of natural foci of tbe and for other applications. | an effective detection system for tbev-rna sequences using a rt-pcr technique has been developed. in our system, specific oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the 5'-terminal noncoding region were successfully used to identify tbev sequences in ticks. to prove the specificity of the pcr products, southern blot hybridization with an internal digoxigenin-labelled probe was carried out. in this paper, we present some potential applications of this technique. the primers were used to identify 21 ... | 1997 | 9241807 |
| [present status of lyme borreliosis and characterization of lyme disease borrelia isolated in japan]. | lyme disease is a multisystemic disorder caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato which is carried by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. the agent was discovered in 1982 in north america and the disease is recognized as an emerging infectious diseases in north america and europe. japanese borrelia isolates were characterized by genetic and immunologic analysis. isolates from ixodes ovatus were found to be unique by dna/dna hybridization analysis, restriction fragment length pol ... | 1997 | 9248350 |
| epidemiological surveillance of tick populations: a model to predict the colonization success of ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae). | a model that predicts the habitat availability for permanent populations of the tick ixodes ricinus has been developed and applied to spain. the model is based on the fuzzy logic rules and has a spatial resolution of about 4 km. six long-term climate variables, which cover temperature and rainfall factors, drive the model by assigning the expected probability to find stable tick populations. because the high accuracy of this inference tool, it could be used to map favourable sites for this tick ... | 1997 | 9258571 |
| role of grey squirrels and pheasants in the transmission of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the lyme disease spirochaete, in the u.k. | in britain, grey squirrels (sciurus carolinensis gmelin) and pheasants (phasianus colchicus linnaeus) are important hosts of larvae and nymphs of ixodes ricinus l., the principal european vector of the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. to test whether squirrels are competent hosts of b. burgdorferi s.l., three females were trapped in the wild and then held in captivity. following treatment, each animal was exposed to uninfected xenodiagnostic i. ricinus ticks. squirrel a ... | 1997 | 9269722 |
| population genetic structure of ixodes ricinus in switzerland from allozymic data: no evidence of divergence between nearby sites. | ixodes ricinus is a vector and reservoir of numerous infectious agents, especially borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease. in switzerland, its ecology and physiology have been well studied. moreover, the foci of some infectious agents transmitted by this tick are identified. they can display relatively to extremely small geographical size depending on the diseases considered. in order to understand how the gene flows occur and to characterise the genetic structure of ixodes ricinus popu ... | 1997 | 9279578 |
| tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission between ticks cofeeding on specific immune natural rodent hosts. | to determine whether the portion of a vertebrate host population having specific immunity to tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus can participate in the tbe virus transmission cycle, natural hosts immunized against tbe virus were challenged with infected and uninfected ticks. yellow-necked field mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were either immunized with tbe virus by subcutaneous inoculation of the virus, or they were exposed to virus-infected ixodes ricinus ti ... | 1997 | 9300045 |
| immunization with a polyvalent ospa vaccine protects mice against ixodes ricinus tick bites infected by borrelia burgdorferi ss, borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii. | sequence variability of the outer surface protein (osp) a among borrelia burgdorferi sl species suggests that a monovalent ospa vaccine may not protect against the various borrelia present in eurasia. here, we confirmed that a monovalent recombinant ospa (rospa) vaccine does not protect mice against ixodes ricinus mediated infection with b. burgdorferi ss, borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii. however, when mice were vaccinated with a cocktail of various rospa from these three species, they wer ... | 1997 | 9330467 |
| [the prevalence of ixodes ricinus ticks (acari, ixodidae) in the forested areas of gdansk, sopot, and gdynia and their infection rate with borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes]. | data are presented on the variable patterns on the seasonal activity of ixodes ricinus questing on vegetation in 6 study sites in the forested areas of gdańsk, sopot and gdynia in 1993-1995. a total of 8992 specimens collected there show that ticks frequently occupy habitats closely associated with man. out of them 5775 (4328 nymphs, 713 females and 680 males) collected in 1994 and 1995 were examined individually for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis-using i ... | 1997 | 9333838 |
| genetic and phenotypic analysis of borrelia valaisiana sp. nov. (borrelia genomic groups vs116 and m19). | to clarify the taxonomic status of two recently described borrelia genomic groups, groups vs116 and m19, three group vs116 strains and eight group m19 strains isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks in switzerland, the netherlands, and the united kingdom were characterized. pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the 5s-23s intergenic spacer amplicon, rrna gene restriction analysis, 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting, sodi ... | 1997 | 9336888 |
| vaccination of natural reservoir hosts with recombinant lipidated ospa induces a transmission-blocking immunity against lyme disease spirochaetes associated with high levels of la-2 equivalent antibodies. | as observed in humans, immune responses in naturally infected reservoir hosts of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato rarely target the outer surface proteins (osp) a and b of lyme disease spirochaetes. the absence of protective immunity in such hosts following tick-borne infection allows them to play an effective role in the maintenance of lyme borreliosis in nature. therefore, the question was addressed whether one of the most prominent natural reservoir host species of b. burgdorferi s.l. in europ ... | 1997 | 9364698 |
| [acute borrelia infection. unilateral papillitis as isolated clinical manifestation]. | borrelia burgdorferi is the cause of erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease. ticks like ixodes ricinus are responsible for transmission. frequently, the tick bite is not noticed by the patient. eye manifestations, such as keratoconjunctivitis, scleritis, chronic uveitis, vitritis, chorioretinitis, optic nerve disease, orbital myositis and paresis of the eye muscles, often occur after a long period of time and vary greatly. | 1997 | 9376700 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in southern germany: increased seroprevalence in high-risk groups. | to date, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), the causative agent of which is likely transmitted by ticks in the ixodes ricinus-ixodes persulcatus complex, has not been diagnosed with certainty in patients outside the united states. the presence of a closely related vector tick, i. ricinus, as well as the occurrence of similar ehrlichia spp. of veterinary importance, suggests that this disease is likely to be present in europe. the aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of anti ... | 1997 | 9399527 |
| coexistence of ehrlichia phagocytophila and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks from italy as determined by 16s rrna gene sequencing. | 1997 | 9399564 | |
| [impregnation of uniforms with permethrin as a mean of protection of working personnel exposed to contact with hematophagous arthropods]. | laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated clothing against biting arthropods. military battle dress uniforms were impregnated at a rate of 0.12-0.15 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/cm2. gas chromatographic analysis of cloth patches treated showed that over 50% of the chemical remained after 6 cycles of washing. this amount of a.i. (0.06-0.07 mg/cm2) was effective in providing protection against aedes aegypti and ixodes ricinus. mosquitoes and ticks w ... | 1997 | 9409928 |
| [does the infectious disease, human ehrlichiosis, exist in sweden? ticks get a hold of new zoonoses]. | human ehrlichiosis diseases, decently recognised as emerging human infections in the usa, are caused by vector-borne, strictly intracellular bacteria of the family rickettsiaceae. human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by ehrlichia schaffeensis, whereas the agent causing human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) has yet to be identified [1]. the putative increase in the occurrence of these primary zoonoses is dependent on the complex relationship between the infectious agents, the vectors, and the h ... | 1997 | 9411085 |
| [the characteristics of the circadian rhythm in the activities of ixodes ricinus ticks on the kurskaia kosa (kaliningrad province)]. | 1997 | 9411189 | |
| spatial distribution and seasonality of ticks (acarina: ixodidae) in a protected area in the northern apennines. | infestation of small rodents by ixodid ticks and frequency of host-seeking ticks collected by dragging were studied at orecchiella natural park (northern apennines) in 1994 and 1995. levels of infestation of apodemus spp. by immature dermacentor marginatus were higher in beech wood (5.1 larvae and 1.3 nymphs per mouse) than in oak-chestnut wood and in coniferous wood. larval d. marginatus peaked in mid summer, whereas nymphs peaked in late summer. host-seeking haemaphysalis punctata were mostly ... | 1997 | 9419846 |
| ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) infestation on roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in trentino, italian alps. | the most important tick-deer system potentially supporting the epidemiology of lyme disease in the italian alps is that regarding ixodes ricinus (l.) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus l.). in this study, the pattern of tick infestation on 562 male roe deer harvested in september 1994 in 56 game districts of trentino, northern italy, was assessed. the prevalence and density of infestation by i. ricinus were analyzed by a model based on classification and regression trees (cart), using both discre ... | 1997 | 9419849 |
| infestation of mammals by ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) in south-central sweden. | infestation by ixodes ricinus ticks on rodents, hares and cervids was examined at bogesund, 10 km north of stockholm, in south-central sweden during 1991-1994 and on varying hares (lepus timidus) at stora karlsö and gotska sandön in the baltic sea during 1992-1993. at bogesund, there were great differences between two consecutive years in the number of i. ricinus larvae infesting bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus). the seasonal pattern of infestation by i. ricinus larvae and nymphs on bank vol ... | 1997 | 9423270 |
| transmission cycles of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato involving ixodes ricinus and/or i. hexagonus ticks and the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus, in suburban and urban areas in switzerland. | the european hedgehog, erinaceus europaeus linnaeus, 1758, is a common host of ixodes ricinus l. and i. hexagonus leach, vectors of the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. to investigate whether hedgehogs are reservoirs for b. burgdorferi, hedgehogs were captured in a suburban area suitable for both tick species and in an urban area where i. ricinus is absent. the infection status of the hedgehogs was determined by xenodiagnosis using i. ricinus and i. hexagonus larvae. i. ... | 1997 | 9437846 |
| mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae), in contrast to ticks (acari: ixodidae), do not carry francisella tularensis in a natural focus of tularemia in the czech republic. | in total, 9,167 mosquitoes (aedes spp.) and 1,987 ixodid ticks--1,423 dermacentor reticulatus (f.), 504 ixodes ricinus (l.), and 60 haemaphysalis concinna koch--were examined in an active enzootic focus (floodplain forest-meadow ecosystem) of tularemia in south moravia. czech republic. although no f. tularensis was detected in mosquitoes or h. concinna, 30 isolates were recovered from d. reticulatus (infection rate, 2.1%) and 1 isolate from i. ricinus (infection rate, 0.2%). ixodid ticks, especi ... | 1997 | 9439120 |
| [the isolation and results of the study of the protein structure of spirochetes isolated from i. ricinus ticks in byelarus]. | four hundred and eighty ixodes ricinus (278 female and 202 male) samples collected in the natural biotopes of 13 administrative districts in southwest byelarus were studied via dsk-h medium (sigma) inoculation. twenty-four spirochetes isolates (3, 2, 1, and 18 in the brest, gomel, mogilev, and grodno regions, respectively) were obtained on the territory of byelarus. after adapted to the medium, most isolates (as many as 7 x 10(6)-5 x 10(7) microbial cells per ml) in the stationary phase. all the ... | 1997 | 9445994 |
| [serologic studies on the occurrence of bovine ehrlichiosis in the cantons zürich, schaffhausen, thurgau, st. gallen and obwalden]. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the geographical distribution of bovine ehrlichiosis in the cantons zürich, schaffhausen, thurgau, st. gallen and obwalden. to this end, an indirect immunofluorescence assay was established. the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was estimated to be close to 100% based on the results obtained with several reference sera from the us national veterinary services laboratories and the seroconversion panels of 20 heifers and cows. blood samples from 25 ... | 1997 | 9451917 |
| molecular characterisation of lyme disease borreliae using rapd analysis and 16s rdna sequencing. | here we report the use of random amplified polymorphic dnas (rapds) and sequence analysis of the genes encoding for the small subunit ribosomal rna (16s rdna) for the characterisation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains recovered from ixodes ricinus and from lyme disease patients. all strains examined were assigned to the species borrelia garinii. however, both rapds and 16s rdnas revealed a level of genetic variation among the strains which appears higher than expected for a bacterial sp ... | 1997 | 9470245 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomic groups in europe, a review. | the survey is based on a total of 1263 records (738 isolations and 525 molecular dna detections) of five borrelia burgdorferi s.l. genomic groups available from 26 european countries: b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. afzelii, b. garinii, b. valaisiana (= vs116) and b. lusitaniae (= potib2). it shows the geographic distribution, the source (ixodid ticks 802 records, fleas 2 records, mosquitoes 2 records, wild mammals 66 records, human patients 391 records) and the association of the genomic group ... | 1997 | 9476827 |
| natural lyme disease cycles maintained via sheep by co-feeding ticks. | we present observational and experimental evidence that cycles of the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi s.l., can be maintained by sheep in the virtual absence of alternative hosts. a 2-year field study in upland moorland habitats of northwest uk established that sheep feed up to 80% of larval, > 99% of nymphal and all of the adult female tick (ixodes ricinus) population. infection prevalence of b. burgdorferi in questing ticks reaches over 20%, but amplification of infection occurs ... | 1997 | 9488870 |
| [prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi infection in ixodes ricinus ticks at urban and suburban forest habitats]. | the aim of this preliminary study was to estimate the risk of infection of ixodes ricinus ticks by the agent of lyme disease--borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (acari: ixodidae). ticks were collected from the vegetation during may--august 1996 at two different forest habitats: dziekanów leśny near warsaw and lasek bielański in warsaw. prevalence of b. burgdorferi infection of the nymphs and adults ticks was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). tick occurrence duri ... | 1997 | 9562791 |
| [incidence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes in ixodes ricinus ticks from a museum collection evaluated by pcr]. | ixodes ricinus ticks (total n = 51:14 larvae, 16 nymphs, 17 females and 11 males) collected at 21 different sites during 1948-1987 were examined individually for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes. detection of spirochaetes was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers complementary to chromosomal sequence. borreliae were found in 3 (3.56%) examined ticks (nymphs) collected at the same site (two in june, 1952 and one in august, 1987). the low number o ... | 1997 | 9562792 |
| transmission of tick-borne bunyaviruses by cofeeding ixodid ticks. | palma and bhanja bunyaviruses replicated in dermacentor marginatus, d. reticulatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, r. appendiculatus and ixodes ricinus ticks after parenteral inoculation and appropriate incubation and feeding. palma virus was transmitted to d. marginatus and d. reticulatus males, d. reticulatus and r. sanguineus females, and r. appendiculatus nymphs while cofeeding with infected ticks on laboratory mice. bhanja virus was transmitted to d. marginatus males and r. appendiculatus nymphs ... | 1997 | 9607090 |
| detection of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia in ixodes ricinus ticks in austria. | 1997 | 9607097 | |
| characterization of a spotted fever group rickettsia from ixodes ricinus ticks in sweden. | a spotted fever group rickettsia isolated from the common tick, ixodes ricinus, was genetically characterized by pcr and genomic sequencing. this study was performed with nymphal and adult ticks collected in southern and central sweden. i. ricinus is the only north european tick species of medical importance which is regularly collected from humans. no species of the genus rickettsia has previously been found in scandinavian ticks, nor has any case of domestic rickettsial infection in humans or ... | 1997 | 8968916 |
| possible role of rainfall in the epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis. | the assumption that the amount of rainfall in the summer months influences the frequency of tbe is based on the fact that the determining factor for the existence, development and activity of ixodes ricinus is relative air humidity (rh) and the finding that low rh negatively influences dynamics of infection and infection rate of i. ricinus with tbe virus. a higher incidence of tbe then develops due to the coincidence of increased activity of ticks and recreational activity of humans after an int ... | 1997 | 9457410 |
| [ultrastructural features of histopathologic changes at the site of attachment of the larva of the ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis to the body of the host]. | this article continues the series of electronic microscopical investigations of tick attachment and host's inflammatory reaction in the attachment site. in all this works we used larvae of different ixodid ticks but the same species of the host (white mouse), ixodid species having different type of attachment. dermacentor marginatus (amosova, 1989a) is characterized by the superficial penetration of mouth parts, the abundance of cement around them and on the surface of the host's skin, the mouth ... | 1997 | 9541934 |
| cold hardiness, supercooling ability and causes of low-temperature mortality in the soft tick, argas reflexus, and the hard tick, ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodoidea) from central europe. | seasonal supercooling points (scps=temperature of crystallization) and cold hardiness were investigated in the indigenous hard tick, i. ricinus, and in a. reflexus, a soft tick introduced to central europe from the south. both species proved to be freeze-susceptible as well as highly susceptible to inoculative freezing. none of the postembryonic developmental stages of either species showed any distinct seasonal pattern of scp. unexpectedly, the introduced a. reflexus exhibited a distinctly high ... | 1997 | 12770496 |
| competence of pheasants as reservoirs for lyme disease spirochetes. | pheasants, phasianus colchicus l., constitute a major part of the ground-feeding avifauna of england and wales and are important hosts to immature stages of ixodes ricinus l., the principal tick vector of lyme borreliosis spirochetes in europe. therefore, their competence as hosts for borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, steigerwalt & brenner sensu lato was investigated. one group of pheasants was inoculated by needle with 1 x 10(6) cultured b. burgdorferi s.s. organisms, and a 2nd group of bir ... | 1998 | 9542349 |
| taxonomic relationships among spotted fever group rickettsiae as revealed by antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies. | the spotted fever group (sfg) is made up of more than 20 different rickettsial species and strains. study of the taxonomic relationships among the group has been attempted by phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic analyses. in this study, we determined taxonomic relationships among the sfg rickettsiae by comparative analysis of immunogenic epitopes reactive against a panel of monoclonal antibodies. a total of 98 monoclonal antibodies, which were directed against epitopes on the major immunodomi ... | 1998 | 9542904 |
| immunoglobulin m capture assay for serologic confirmation of early lyme disease: analysis of immune complexes with biotinylated borrelia burgdorferi sonicate enhanced with flagellin peptide epitope. | we previously reported on the efficacy of the enzyme-linked immunoglobulin m capture immune complex (ic) biotinylated antigen assay (emiba) for the seroconfirmation of early lyme disease and active infection with borrelia burgdorferi. in earlier work we identified non-cross-reacting epitopes of a number of b. burgdorferi proteins, including flagellin. we now report on an improvement in the performance of emiba with the addition of a biotinylated form of a synthetic non-cross-reacting immunodomin ... | 1998 | 9542940 |
| differential transmission of the genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in england. | the genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was assessed in a focus of lyme borreliosis in southern britain dominated by game birds. ticks, rodents, and pheasants were analyzed for spirochete infections by pcr-targeting the 23s-5s rrna genes, followed by genotyping by the reverse line blot method. in questing ixodes ricinus ticks, three genospecies of b. burgdorferi sensu lato were detected, with the highest prevalences found for borrelia garinii and borrelia valaisiana. b. burgdorf ... | 1998 | 9546150 |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the ixodes ricinus complex (acari: ixodidae). | 1998 | 9561794 | |
| impact of strain heterogeneity on lyme disease serology in europe: comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using different species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | for the standardization of serological tests for lyme borreliosis (lb) in europe, the influence of the heterogeneity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato must be assessed in detail. for this study four immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside extracts of strains pko (borrelia afzelii), pbi (borrelia garinii), and pka2 and b31 (both b. burgdorferi sensu stricto) were compared. strains pko, pbi, and pka2 at the passages used for ant ... | 1998 | 9466753 |
| epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of lyme borrelliosis in northwest croatia. | investigated were the epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of lyme borreliosis in northwest croatia. in a seroepidemiologic study, human sera were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa), and ten out of 134 serum samples were positive for b. burgdorferi antibodies. in a seroepizootiologic study, wildlife and domestic animals were tested by inhibition elisa. antibodies to b. burgdorferi were found in nine out of 42 roe deer sera, and in three out of nine hare sera. sera ... | 1998 | 9599811 |
| serological, hematologic, and pcr studies of cattle in an area of switzerland in which tick-borne fever (caused by ehrlichia phagocytophila) is endemic. | the purpose of this study was to examine the seasonal variations in seroprevalence to ehrlichia phagocytophila in cattle pastured during the summer months in an area where tick-borne fever is endemic. the study was performed during a 1-year period from april 1996 to march 1997 and involved 34 cows, 22 pregnant heifers, and 14 calves. blood samples, collected from all 70 cattle once a month, were used to determine serum immunoglobulin g titers by indirect immunofluorescence. in addition, blood sm ... | 1998 | 9605986 |
| borrelia-infection rates in tick and insect vectors accompanying human risk of acquiring lyme borreliosis in a highly endemic region in central europe. | the methods of spatial statistics were applied to assess the geographical pattern of risk of lyme borreliosis in central bohemia, the czech republic, based on retrospective data on disease contractions. the statistical risk was then compared at 15 selected localities with the infection challenge presented by ticks and insects carrying borreliae. over 5,000 ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks and 390 haematophagous dipterans were screened by direct immunofluorescence method, and the spatial and seasonal va ... | 1998 | 9868793 |
| [borrelia burgdorferi, taxonomy, pathogenicity and spread]. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a bacterial complex of at least 10 species, most of which are non pathogenic for humans. non pathogenic species seem to be more vector-specific, their distribution being restricted to that of this vector. in opposition, the three species pathogenic for humans, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (b.b.s.s.), borrelia garinii (b.g.), and borrelia afzelii (b.a.), are transmitted by several species of ticks more diversified in their host choice. each of these three ... | 1998 | 9921400 |
| [the epidemiology of lyme borreliosis]. | lyme borreliosis (lb) is a multisystem disease caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (b.b). lb is the most common human tick-borne disease, transmitted principally by species of ixodes ricinus in europe, i. persulcatus in eurasia, i. scapularis and i. pacificus in north america. b.b has been isolated or detected in 24 different species of mammals or birds. the b31 strain of b.burgdorferi sensu stricto is predominant in united states and in europe b. garinii, b. afzelii and b. ... | 1998 | 9932000 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.i. in ixodes ricinus ticks from styria (austria) and species identification by pcr-rflp analysis. | a total of 1163 i. ricinus ticks were collected in 3 different regions (15 localities) in styria (austria) in june 1997 and examined for the presence of spirochetes by dark field microscopy. the mean infection rate was 20.8%. among 310 adults, 24.2% were positive and among 853 nymphs, 19.6% were positive. all 15 collection areas were shown to harbour infected nymphs with a positivity rate ranging from 5.8% (3/52) to 32.1% (18/56). isolation attempts in bskii medium resulted in 29 isolates. speci ... | 1998 | 9987185 |
| susceptibility of balb/c mice to nymphs and larvae of ixodes ricinus after modulation of ige production with anti-interleukin-4 or anti-interferon-gamma monoclonal antibodies. | balb/c mice infested three times with nymphs or larvae of ixodes ricinus ticks do not acquire resistance as assessed by evaluation of both tick attachment and the weight of engorged nymphs or larvae. tick challenge causes a gradual increase in total ige antibody production from the first to the third infestation. anti-tick igg antibodies are never detected. when the mice are treated with anti-interleukin-4 (anti-il-4) or anti-interferon-gamma (anti-ifn-gamma) monoclonal antibodies (mabs) 1 day b ... | 1998 | 9610636 |
| suppressive effect of ixodes ricinus salivary gland extract on mechanisms of natural immunity in vitro. | tick saliva has been shown to contain a variety of pharmacologically active molecules, including those with immunosuppressive activities. there is increasing evidence that the nonspecific suppression of host immunity by tick saliva is exploited by tick-borne pathogens, e.g. the saliva-activated transmission (sat) of some tick-borne viruses. we have demonstrated the suppressive effect of the salivary gland extract (sge) derived from partially fed (five days) ixodes ricinus females on important me ... | 1998 | 9618727 |
| rate of infection of ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia garinii, borrelia afzelii and group vs116 in an endemic focus of lyme disease in italy. | a study to evaluate the natural rate of infection of ixodes ricinus with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was carried out in an endemic focus of lyme disease in the trieste area in northern italy. two-hundred and twenty-seven ticks collected in ten different stations were tested individually for the presence of the spirochetes using polymerase chain reaction techniques able to identify both borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and the four genospecies (borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia gari ... | 1998 | 9629972 |