Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the botrytis susceptible1 gene encodes an r2r3myb transcription factor protein that is required for biotic and abiotic stress responses in arabidopsis. | the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in plant resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea and their genetic control are poorly understood. botrytis causes severe disease in a wide range of plant species, both in the field and in postharvest situations, resulting in significant economic losses. we have isolated the bos1 (botrytis-susceptible1) gene of arabidopsis based on a t-dna insertion allele that resulted in increased susceptibility to botrytis infection. the bo ... | 2003 | 14555693 |
| inhibition of plant-pathogenic fungi by the barley cystatin hv-cpi (gene icy) is not associated with its cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties. | the recombinant barley cystatin hv-cpi inhibited the growth of three phytopathogenic fungi (botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum graminicola, and plectosphaerella cucumerina) and the saprotrophic fungus trichoderma viride. several mutants of barley cystatin were generated by polymerase chain reaction approaches and both their antifungal and their cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties investigated. point mutants r38-->g, q63-->l, and q63-->p diminished their capacity for inhibiting papain and cat ... | 2003 | 14558689 |
| effects of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil, two fungicides used against botrytis cinerea, on carbohydrate physiology in vitis vinifera l. | in vitis vinifera l, photosynthesis and photosynthate partitioning are affected in the presence of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil, two fungicides commonly used in vineyards against botrytis cinerea pers. however, the effects were found to be different according to the model studied: plantlets (cv chardonnay) grown in vitro, fruiting cuttings (cv chardonnay) and plants grown in vineyards (cvs chardonnay, pinot noir and pinot meunier). in the plantlets grown in vitro, both fungicides decreased gas e ... | 2003 | 14561065 |
| lentin, a novel and potent antifungal protein from shitake mushroom with inhibitory effects on activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase and proliferation of leukemia cells. | from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom lentinus edodes, a novel protein designated lentin with potent antifungal activity was isolated. lentin was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose, and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and mono s. the n-terminal sequence of lentin manifested similarity to endoglucanase. lentin, which had a molecular mass of 27.5 kda, inhibited mycelial growth in a variety of fungal species including physalospora piricola, botrytis cinerea and mycosphaerella arachidicola. lentin ... | 2003 | 14572878 |
| [regulation to curd morphogenesis and genetics of exogenous bocal gene in cauliflower]. | cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.) and cabbage (b. oleracea var capitata l.) are two varieties of species b. oleracea. cauliflower bobcal gene losses the original function due to its terminated mutation while cabbage bocal gene has the complete function. we obtained cauliflower plants transgenic for bocal gene using arobacterium-mediated transformation. genetic analysis of t2 generation indicated that all cauliflower plants transgenic for bocal failed to form curd and produced the ... | 2003 | 14574987 |
| improving postharvest resistance in fruits by external application of trans-resveratrol. | as it is well-known, one of the main problems of modern agriculture is the postharvest fruit losses due to pathogen's attack and natural senescence during storage. well established solutions to improve this situation, such as, for example, storage under controlled conditions and the use of synthetic pesticides, are not free of problems due to human health risks and environmental effects caused by chemical pesticides. a new strategy to solve these problems consists of developing methods to improv ... | 2003 | 12502389 |
| tandemly duplicated arabidopsis genes that encode polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins are regulated coordinately by different signal transduction pathways in response to fungal infection. | polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) are plant proteins that counteract fungal polygalacturonases, which are important virulence factors. like many other plant defense proteins, pgips are encoded by gene families, but the roles of individual genes in these families are poorly understood. here, we show that in arabidopsis, two tandemly duplicated pgip genes are upregulated coordinately in response to botrytis cinerea infection, but through separate signal transduction pathways. atpgip2 e ... | 2003 | 12509524 |
| synthesis and fungistatic activity of new groups of 2,4-dihydroxythiobenzoyl derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi. | twenty-six compounds, derivatives of amides, hydrazines, hydrazides, hydrazones, and semicarbazides, with a 2,4-dihydroxythiobenzoyl moiety, were synthesized from sulfinyl-bis(2,4-dihydroxythiobenzoyl). the compositions and chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by ir, (1)h nmr, ei-ms, and elemental analysis. antifungal properties of chemicals under in vitro conditions against five phytopathogenic fungi were estimated. in vivo studies against erisiphe graminis were also carried ou ... | 2003 | 12517096 |
| trans-resveratrol and grape disease resistance. a dynamical study by high-resolution laser-based techniques. | two modern laser-based techniques were synchronously applied to study the dynamics of the trans-resveratrol activity in botrytis cinerea-infected grapes. direct analysis of trans-resveratrol in both infected and noninfected grapes (vitis vinifera, aledo variety) was performed by using an analytical technique incorporating laser desorption coupled with laser resonant ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. on the other hand, one of the most sensitive on-line methods for trace gas detecti ... | 2003 | 12529521 |
| isolation of a large thaumatin-like antifungal protein from seeds of the kweilin chestnut castanopsis chinensis. | a protein with an n-terminal sequence showing a much lesser extent of homology than french bean and kiwi fruit thaumatin-like proteins (tlps) to other tlps, and possessing a molecular mass of 30 kda which is considerably higher than those of previously reported tlps, has been purified from the seeds of the chestnut castanopsis chinensis hance. the protein was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose in 10 mm tris-hcl buffer (ph 7.3), and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel in the same buffer, on cm-cellulose in 1 ... | 2003 | 12565869 |
| natural fungicides from ruta graveolens l. leaves, including a new quinolone alkaloid. | bioassay-directed isolation of antifungal compounds from an ethyl acetate extract of ruta graveolens leaves yielded two furanocoumarins, one quinoline alkaloid, and four quinolone alkaloids, including a novel compound, 1-methyl-2-[6'-(3' ',4' '-methylenedioxyphenyl)hexyl]-4-quinolone. the (1)h and (13)c nmr assignments of the new compound are reported. antifungal activities of the isolated compounds, together with 7-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin, which are known to oc ... | 2003 | 12568545 |
| large-scale preparation of the phytoalexin elicitor glucohexatose and its application as a green pesticide. | large-scale preparation of the phytoalexin elicitor was achieved through a highly regio- and sterereoselective synthesis using 2,3,4,6-tetra-o-benzoyl-d-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (1), 1,2:5,6-di-o-isopropylidene-alpha-d-glucofuranose (2), and 6-o-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (3) as the synthons. coupling of 1 with 2 gave the 1-->3-linked disaccharide; subsequent selective removal of 5,6-o-isopropylidene to give 5 followed by selective 6-o-glyco ... | 2003 | 12568560 |
| msi-99, a magainin analogue, imparts enhanced disease resistance in transgenic tobacco and banana. | magainin is one of the earliest reported antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the african clawed frog xenopus laevis. a synthetic substitution analogue of magainin, msi-99, is employed in this study to impart disease resistance in transgenic tobacco ( nicotiana tabacuml.) and banana [( musaspp. cv. rasthali (aab)]. this peptide inhibited the growth and spore germination of fusarium oxysporumf.sp. cubenseat 16 micro g/ml. msi-99 has been subcloned into plant expression vectors ... | 2003 | 12569400 |
| transformations of testosterone and related steroids by botrytis cinerea. | botrytis cinerea (strain am235) was used to investigate the transformations of testosterone and related steroids. it was found that the position and stereochemistry of the introduced hydroxyl group, as well as the yield of products, depended on the structure of the substrate. botrytis cinerea converts the examined substrates mainly to 7 alpha-hydroxy derivatives. 1-dehydrotestosterone was also significantly hydroxylated at a 14 alpha-position. | 2003 | 12482450 |
| allergen detection from 11 fungal species before and after germination. | allergens dispersed by airborne fungal spores play an important but poorly understood role in the underlying cause and exacerbation of asthma. previous studies suggest that spores of alternaria and aspergillus release greater quantities of allergen after germination than before germination. it is unknown whether this is true of other allergenic fungi. | 2003 | 12589346 |
| resveratrol content of palomino fino grapes: influence of vintage and fungal infection. | the objective of this study was to determine the influence of certain factors on the resveratrol content of palomino fino grapes, cultivated in the jerez-xérèz-sherry area, at the moment of harvest. the results show that the resveratrol content is highly influenced by the climatic conditions prior to the period of maturation of the fruit. on the other hand, the gray mold pressure in the vineyard, a fungal infection caused by botrytis cinerea, increased the resveratrol contents at the early stage ... | 2003 | 12590499 |
| a double-stranded rna mycovirus confers hypovirulence-associated traits to botrytis cinerea. | botrytis cinerea ccg425 contains a 33-nm isometric mycovirus whose genome is a 6.8-kb double-stranded rna (dsrna) molecule. virulence bioassays, performed by direct plug mycelial inoculation on bean plant leaves, showed that b. cinerea ccg425 displays less fungal aggressivity than b. cinerea ckg54, a virulent fungal strain that is not infected by dsrna mycoviruses. b. cinerea ccg425 also showed lower laccase activity and conidiation rate than b. cinerea ckg54. furthermore, infection of b. cinere ... | 2003 | 14612241 |
| plastidial fatty acid signaling modulates salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated defense pathways in the arabidopsis ssi2 mutant. | a mutation in the arabidopsis gene ssi2/fab2, which encodes stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (s-acp-des), results in the reduction of oleic acid (18:1) levels in the mutant plants and also leads to the constitutive activation of npr1-dependent and -independent defense responses. by contrast, ssi2 plants are compromised in the induction of the jasmonic acid (ja)-responsive gene pdf1.2 and in resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. although s-acp-des catalyzes the initial ... | 2003 | 14615603 |
| antifungal activity of the stem bark of ailanthus excelsa. | the methanol extract of stem barks of alianthus excelsa was partitioned with chloroform. the chloroform extract showed fungistatic and fungicidal activity against aspergillus niger, a. fumigatus, penicillium frequentence, p. notatum and botrytis cinerea. | 2003 | 14630175 |
| cynthichlorine: a bioactive alkaloid from the tunicate cynthia savignyi. | from ether extracts of the tunicate cynthia savignyi, collected in morocco, a new alkaloid-cynthichlorine-has been isolated. the structure of cynthichlorine has been characterized by extensive 2d-nmr data. cynthichlorine possesses antifungal activity against two tomato pathogenic fungi: botrytis cinerea and verticillium albo atrum and antibacterial activity against agrobacterium radiobacter, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa and cytotoxicity against artemia salina larvae. | 2003 | 14630251 |
| quantification of disease progression of several microbial pathogens on arabidopsis thaliana using real-time fluorescence pcr. | an accurate monitoring of disease progression is important to evaluate disease susceptibility phenotypes. over the years, arabidopsis thaliana has become the model species to serve as a host in plant-pathogen interactions. despite the efforts to study genetic mechanisms of host defense, little efforts are made for a thorough pathogen assessment, often still depending on symptomology. this manuscript describes the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to assess pathogen growth in the h ... | 2003 | 14638430 |
| laminarin elicits defense responses in grapevine and induces protection against botrytis cinerea and plasmopara viticola. | grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is susceptible to many pathogens, such as botrytis cinerea, plasmopara viticola, uncinula necator, and eutypa lata. phytochemicals are used intensively in vineyards to limit pathogen infections, but the appearance of pesticide-resistant pathogen strains and a desire to protect the environment require that alternative strategies be found. in the present study, the beta-1,3-glucan laminarin derived from the brown algae laminaria digitata was shown both to be an effici ... | 2003 | 14651345 |
| cyclophilin a and calcineurin functions investigated by gene inactivation, cyclosporin a inhibition and cdna arrays approaches in the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. | calcineurin phosphatase and cyclophilin a are cellular components involved in fungal morphogenesis and virulence. their roles were investigated in the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea using gene inactivation, drug inhibition and cdna macroarrays approaches. first, the bcp1 gene coding for cyclophilin a was identified and inactivated by homologous recombination. the bcp1delta null mutant obtained was still able to develop infection structures but was altered in symptom development on bean ... | 2003 | 14651630 |
| antifungal clerodane diterpenes from macaranga monandra (l) muell. et arg. (euphorbiaceae). | hexane and ethyl acetate phases of the methanol extract of macaranga monandra showed fungal growth inhibition of colletotrichum acutatum, c. fragariae and c. gloeosporioides, fusarium oxysporum, botrytis cinerea, phomopsis obscurans, and p. viticola. bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two active clerodane-type diterpenes that were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1d-, 2d-nmr, and ms) as kolavenic acid and 2-oxo-kolavenic acid. a 96-well microbioassay revealed that kolaveni ... | 2003 | 14664515 |
| whole-genome analysis of two-component signal transduction genes in fungal pathogens. | two-component phosphorelay systems are minimally comprised of a histidine kinase (hk) component, which autophosphorylates in response to an environmental stimulus, and a response regulator (rr) component, which transmits the signal, resulting in an output such as activation of transcription, or of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. the genomes of the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe, and candida albicans encode one, three, and three hks, respectively. in contra ... | 2003 | 14665450 |
| [airborne fungi and sensitization in atopic individuals in porto alegre, rs, brazil]. | to identify and quantify the fungal spores in the atmospheric air of porto alegre and to assess sensitization to these allergens in atopic individuals suffering from rhinitis and asthma. | 2003 | 14666351 |
| antifungal activity of wogonin. | the antifungal activity of the wogonin isolated from holmskioldia sanguinea retz was determined on four different fungal organisms. the pure compound wogonin significantly inhibited the growth of aspergillus niger, penicillium frequentance, p. notatum and botrytis cinerea, in a concentration dependent fashion, when tested by turbidity and spore germination methods. the effects produced by the compound were compared with the standard antifungal agent griseofulvin. | 2003 | 14669259 |
| purification of castamollin, a novel antifungal protein from chinese chestnuts. | a novel antifungal protein, designated castamollin, was isolated from chinese chestnut (castanea mollisima) seeds with a procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose and fplc-gel filtration on superdex 75. castamollin possessed a novel n-terminal sequence demonstrating little similarity to n-terminal sequences of castanea sativa chitinase. castamollin exhibited a molecular mass of 37kd ... | 2003 | 14680938 |
| development of a selective medium for the determination of the spore concentrations of botrytis cinerea in the air. | gray mold, caused by botrytis cinerea, is an important disease that causes world-wide extensive damage to a wide range of economically important crops. when it is necessary to determine the spore concentration of botrytis cinerea in a certain area, it is important to develop a method that can capture the spores of botrytis cinerea and that can identify them. for the identification and enumeration of the plant pathogen botrytis cinerea in the environment the easiest method available for the momen ... | 2003 | 15151304 |
| activity of some chemicals in the control of botrytis cinerea on roses. | in the control of grey mould (botrytis cinerea) on rose petals all 15 tested fungicides used as a spray, suppressed very effectively development of necrosis. but the best results in suppression of necrosis development, more than 90% effectiveness gave: amistar 250 sc (azoxystrobin), bravo 500 sc (chlorothalonil), discus 500 wg (kresoxim methyl), euparen 50 wp (dichlofluanid) euparen multi 50 wg (tolyfluanid), folpan 80 wg (folpet), kaptan zaw. 50 wp (captan), penncozeb 80 wp (mancozeb), ronilan ... | 2003 | 15151307 |
| differential regulation by ambient ph of putative virulence factor secretion by the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. | abstract the fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea is capable of developing on a wide variety of host plants that differ greatly in their ph values and biochemical defences. to evaluate whether the ph of the host tissue can regulate the production of pathogenicity factors by this fungus, we examined the ability of two isolates of b. cinerea that originated from different plant species to secrete putative virulence elements on synthetic media buffered at ph 2.0 to ph 7.0. even though differing in the ... | 2003 | 19719667 |
| correlations of morphological, anatomical, and chemical features of grape berries with resistance to botrytis cinerea. | abstract resistance of mature berries of grapevine cultivars and selections to postharvest infection by botrytis cinerea was assessed. little or no resistance existed in most popular table grape vitis vinifera cultivars, except in moderately resistant 'emperor' and 'autumn black'. highly resistant grapes were v. rotundifolia, v. labrusca, or other complex hybrids. morphological, anatomical, and chemical characteristics of 42 genetically diverse cultivars and selections with various levels of res ... | 2003 | 18944326 |
| botrytis cinerea infection in grape flowers: defense reaction, latency, and disease expression. | abstract inflorescences of field-grown grapevines (vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay) were inoculated with a botrytis cinerea conidia suspension or dried conidia at different stages during bloom in moist weather. approximately 10% of the conidia germinated within 72 h, resulting in two to three times more latent infections than uninoculated controls in pea-size (7 mm in diameter) berries. in surface-sterilized pea-size berries, latent b. cinerea was present predominantly in the receptacle area. after ... | 2003 | 18944341 |
| control of postharvest decay of apple fruit with candida saitoana and induction of defense responses. | abstract the ability of candida saitoana to induce systemic resistance in apple fruit against botrytis cinerea was investigated. to separate the antagonistic activity of c. saitoana from its ability to induce resistance, the antagonist and the pathogen were applied in spatially separated wounds. in fresh apples, c. saitoana applied 0 or 24 h before inoculation with b. cinerea showed no effect on lesion development caused by b. cinerea. when applied 48 to 72 h preinoculation with b. cinerea, howe ... | 2003 | 18944345 |
| activity of the antifungal protein from aspergillus giganteus against botrytis cinerea. | abstract botrytis blight (gray mold), caused by botrytis cinerea, is one of the most widely distributed diseases of ornamental plants. in geranium plants, gray mold is responsible for important losses in production. the mold aspergillus giganteus is known to produce and secrete a basic low-molecular-weight protein, the antifungal protein (afp). here, the antifungal properties of the aspergillus afp against various b. cinerea isolates obtained from naturally infected geranium plants were investig ... | 2003 | 18944061 |
| characterization of the exoglucanase-encoding gene paexg2 and study of its role in the biocontrol activity of pichia anomala strain k. | abstract the paexg2 gene, encoding an exo-beta-1,3-glucanase, was isolated from the biocontrol agent pichia anomala strain k. paexg2 has the capacity for coding an acidic protein of 427 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 45.7 kda, a calculated pi of 4.7, and one potential n-glycosylation site. paexg2 was disrupted by the insertion of the ura3 marker gene, encoding orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase in strain ku1, a uracil auxotroph derived from strain k. strain ku1 showed inferi ... | 2003 | 18944099 |
| osmotin and thaumatin from grape: a putative general defense mechanism against pathogenic fungi. | abstract little information is available concerning the expression of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins in grapevine (vitis vinifera) and their effect properties on the major fungal pathogens of grape. a systematic study was performed on the effect of total or individual grape proteins on mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube growth of uncinula necator, phomopsis viticola, and botrytis cinerea. two proteins, identified as pr proteins by immunological methods and by n-terminal sequen ... | 2003 | 18943614 |
| effect of germination initiation on competitive capacity of trichoderma atroviride p1 conidia. | abstract trichoderma biocontrol isolates are most effective as highly concentrated inocula. their antagonism to other fungi may be a result of pregermination respiration. in a nutrient-rich medium, almost all trichoderma atroviride p1 (p1) conidia initiated germination processes and increased respiration, even in dense suspensions. when 1 x 10(7) p1 conidia/ml were coinoculated with 1 x 10(5) botrytis cinerea conidia/ml, dissolved oxygen fell to <1% within 2 h and the pathogen failed to germinat ... | 2003 | 18943625 |
| resistance of postharvest biocontrol yeasts to oxidative stress: a possible new mechanism of action. | abstract we detected the generation of the reactive oxygen species (ros) superoxide anion ( o.(-) (2)) and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) in apple wounds 2 immediately after wounding, and assessed the relationships between (i) timely colonization of apple wounds by biocontrol yeasts, (ii) resistance of these microorganisms to oxidative stress caused by ros, and (iii) their antagonism against postharvest wound pathogens. we analyzed a model system consisting of two yeasts with higher (cryptococcus ... | 2003 | 18942978 |
| infection of commercial hybrid primula seed by botrytis cinerea and latent disease spread through the plants. | abstract botrytis cinerea occurred commonly on cultivated primula xpolyantha seed. the fungus was mostly on the outside of the seed but sometimes was present within the seed. the fungus frequently caused disease at maturity in plants grown from the seed, demonstrated by growing plants in a filtered airflow, isolated from other possible sources of infection. young, commercially produced p. xpolyantha plants frequently had symptomless b. cinerea infections spread throughout the plants for up to 3 ... | 2003 | 18942979 |
| ethylene-insensitive tobacco shows differentially altered susceptibility to different pathogens. | abstract transgenic tobacco plants (tetr) expressing the mutant etr1-1 gene from arabidopsis thaliana are insensitive to ethylene and develop symptoms of wilting and stem rot when grown in nonautoclaved soil. several isolates of fusarium, thielaviopsis, and pythium were recovered from stems of diseased tetr plants. inoculation with each of these isolates of 6-week-old plants growing in autoclaved soil caused disease in tetr plants but not in nontransformed plants. also, when 2-week-old seedlings ... | 2003 | 18943162 |
| characterization of a class iii chitinase from vitis vinifera cv. koshu. | a chitinase gene (chi3k) was cloned from the genomic dna of vitis vinifera cv. koshu. the structural gene comprised 891 by without introns and encoded 297 amino acids. the chi3k product showed high similarity to the class iii chitinase of v. vinifera cv. pinot noir. chi3k was expressed using a bacterial expression vector for purification and enzymatic characterization of its gene product. the recombinant chitinase exhibited hydrolytic activity toward glycol chitin and its optimum ph was 4.0. it ... | 2003 | 16233474 |
| postharvest biological control of botrytis cinerea on kiwifruit by volatiles of [isabella] grapes. | abstract the potential of volatile substances emitted by 'isabella' grapes (vitis labrusca) to control gray mold (botrytis cinerea) on 'hayward' kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) was studied. the closed mariotte system was used as a bioassay method to analyze quantitatively the biological action of these volatiles on b. cinerea growth. in vivo experiments compared the effects of volatiles from 'isabella' grapes versus volatiles from 'roditis' grapes (v. vinifera) and a b. cinerea control on the gr ... | 2004 | 18943697 |
| evolution of an osmosensing histidine kinase in field strains of botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea) in response to dicarboximide fungicide usage. | abstract dna sequence polymorphisms in the putative two-component histidine protein kinase encoded by the daf1 gene have been identified within a sample of 5 sensitive and 27 dicarboximide-resistant field strains of botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph botrytis cinerea). the gene of 3948 bp is predicted to encode a 1315-amino acid protein comprising an n-terminal region, an amino acid repeat region, which has been hypothesized to be the binding site for dicarboximide fungicide, and a c-terminal regi ... | 2004 | 18943802 |
| biological control of botrytis cinerea by volatiles of 'isabella' grapes. | abstract the effect of volatiles from cv. isabella (vitis labrusca) on the growth of botrytis cinerea was tested in vitro and in situ, in the latter case on 'roditis' grapes (v. vinifera), at various temperatures. the goal of the research was to determine whether the volatiles emitted by isabella grapes could be effective biocontrol agents of botrytis cinerea. the closed mariotte system was used as a bioassay method to analyze quantitatively the biological action of these volatiles on fungal gro ... | 2004 | 18943068 |
| cerebroside elicitor confers resistance to fusarium disease in various plant species. | abstract in the rice blast fungus pathosystem, cerebroside, a compound categorized as a sphingolipid, was found in our previous study to be a non-racespecific elicitor, which elicits defense responses in rice. here we describe that cerebroside c is produced in diverse strains of fusarium oxysporum, a common soilborne agent of wilt disease affecting a wide range of plant species. in addition, some type of cerebroside elicitor involving cerebroside a, b, or c was detected in other soilborne phytop ... | 2004 | 18943100 |
| botrytis cinerea infection of grape flowers: light and electron microscopical studies of infection sites. | abstract specific floral organs including the calyptra, stigma, and receptacle area of glasshouse-grown grapevines (vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon) were inoculated with aqueous suspensions of botrytis cinerea conidia, and the initial steps involved in colonization and infection of the host tissues were studied for several days postinoculation using light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. conidia germinated on all floral organs examined and became attache ... | 2004 | 18943105 |
| combinations of fungicides with phylloplane yeasts for improved control of botrytis cinerea on geranium seedlings. | abstract control of botrytis cinerea on geranium seedlings was evaluated in treatments with phylloplane yeasts in combination with 10 fungicides used to manage botrytis blight of ornamental plants. rhodotorula glutinis pm4 significantly reduced the development of lesions caused by b. cinerea on geranium cotyledons; however, yeast biocontrol efficacy was highly variable between trials. treatment with the yeast in combination with azoxystrobin or trifloxystrobin at one tenth the labeled rate (7.5 ... | 2004 | 18943543 |
| biocontrol agents efficiently inhibit sporulation of botrytis aclada on necrotic leaf tips but spread to adjacent living tissue is not prevented. | ulocladium atrum (isolates 385 and 302) consistently inhibited botrytis aclada sporulation on dead onion leaf pieces under constant moist conditions and with an interrupted wetness period of 9 h. clonostachys rosea (isolate 201) was as effective as u. atrum under constant moist conditions, but was ineffective if exposed to a drying period. no sporulation of b. aclada was observed 8 and 12 days after inoculation in the presence of u. atrum 302. c. rosea 201 significantly reduced b. aclada sporula ... | 2004 | 19712318 |
| survey of the botrytis cinerea chitin synthase multigenic family through the analysis of six euascomycetes genomes. | we describe a strategy for systematic amplification of chitin synthase genes (chs) in the filamentous ascomycetes plant-pathogen botrytis cinerea using pcr with multiple degenerate primers designed on specific and conserved sequence motifs. eight distinct chs genes were isolated, named bcchs i, ii, iiia, iiib, iv, v, vi and vii. they probably constitute the entire chs multigenic family of this fungus, as revealed by careful analysis of six euascomycetes genomes. bcchs i, iiia, iiib, iv and vi ge ... | 2004 | 15153106 |
| structure--activity relationships in the fungistatic activity against botrytis cinerea of clovanes modified on ring c. | the preparation of clovanes 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9, which bear different levels of oxidation on ring c, is described for the first time. the biotransformation of compounds 5, 6, and 9 by the fungus botrytis cinerea is investigated, yielding compounds 10, 11, and 12, which are described for the first time, together with compounds 4-6, 8, and 9. the evaluation of the fungistatic activity against b. cinerea of compounds 6, 9, 12, 18, 19, 20, and 21 is reported. comparison of these results with previousl ... | 2004 | 15165139 |
| enniatins of fusarium sp. strain f31 and their inhibition of botrytis cinerea spore germination. | a spectrum of enniatins was isolated from fusarium sp. strain f31 by bioassay-guided isolation directed against botrytis cinerea. two new enniatins, j(2) (7) and j(3) (8), were co-isolated and both contained, in addition to three hydroxyisovaleric acid units, n-methylated l-alanine, l-valine, and l-isoleucine units, differing only in their primary sequence. two other enniatins, named enniatin j(1) (1) and enniatin k(1) (6), each containing two n-me-l-val units and one n-me-l-ala or alpha-n-me-l- ... | 2004 | 15165149 |
| alveolarin, a novel antifungal polypeptide from the wild mushroom polyporus alveolaris. | an antifungal polypeptide, with a molecular mass of 28 kda as judged by gel filtration and appearing as a single band with a molecular mass of 14 kda in sodium dodecyl suflate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the mushroom polyporus alveolaris. the antifungal polypeptide, designated as alveolarin, demonstrated an inhibitory action on mycelial growth in botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum, mycosphaerella arachidicola and physalospora piricola. alveola ... | 2004 | 15165727 |
| real-time pcr monitoring of fungal development in arabidopsis thaliana infected by alternaria brassicicola and botrytis cinerea. | reliable methods for disease severity assessment are of crucial importance in the study of plant pathogen interactions, either for disease diagnostic on the field or to assess phenotypical differences in plants or pathogen strains. currently, most of the assays used in fungal disease diagnostic rely on visual assessment of the symptoms, lesion diameter measurement or spore counting. however, these tests are tedious and often cannot discriminate between slightly different levels of resistance. be ... | 2004 | 15191738 |
| tomato phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase inhibits cell death induced by bax and oxidative stresses in yeast and plants. | using a conditional life or death screen in yeast, we have isolated a tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) gene encoding a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (lephgpx). the protein displayed reduced glutathione-dependent phospholipid hydroperoxide peroxidase activity, but differs from counterpart mammalian enzymes that instead contain an active seleno-cys. lephgpx functioned as a cytoprotector in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae), preventing bax, hydrogen peroxide, and heat stress indu ... | 2004 | 15235116 |
| airway toxicity of house dust and its fungal composition. | house dust is an important source of different toxic metabolites as well as allergens, including those of fungal origin, in the indoor environment. a bio-assay employing 1-day-old chick tracheas was used to characterize airway effects of 2-butanone and dimethylsulphoxide (me2so) extracts of 23 dust samples collected from water damaged (13) and control (10) danish schools. direct microscopical analysis of samples, followed by cultivation on dichloran 18 % glycerol agar at 25 degrees c for 10 days ... | 2004 | 15236501 |
| two cysteines in plant r2r3 myb domains participate in redox-dependent dna binding. | plant r2r3 myb domain proteins comprise one of the largest known families of transcription factors. discrete evolutionary steps have shaped the plant-specific r2r3 myb family from the broadly distributed r1r2r3 myb proteins. r1r2r3 myb domains have a single cys residue (cys-130) that needs to be reduced for dna binding and transcriptional activity. in contrast, most r2r3 myb domains contain two cysteines, cys-49 and cys-53, with cys-53 at the equivalent position as cys-130 in r1r2r3 myb. using t ... | 2004 | 15237103 |
| benzothiadiazole enhances resveratrol and anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine, meanwhile improving resistance to botrytis cinerea. | pre-harvest multiple treatments of grapevine (cv. merlot) with the plant activator benzothiadiazole (bth, 0.3 mm) enhanced trans-resveratrol content in berries by about 40%. an even more striking effect was observed on anthocyanin synthesis, particularly on malvidine 3-glucoside, malvidine 3-(6-o-acetyl)glucoside and malvidine 3-(6-o-p-coumaroyl)glucoside, whose amounts were more than doubled. these data were obtained with a novel and time-saving hplc method, set up for the simultaneous detectio ... | 2004 | 15237944 |
| the p450 monooxygenase bcaba1 is essential for abscisic acid biosynthesis in botrytis cinerea. | the phytopathogenic ascomycete botrytis cinerea is known to produce abscisic acid (aba), which is thought to be involved in host-pathogen interaction. biochemical analyses had previously shown that, in contrast to higher plants, the fungal aba biosynthesis probably does not proceed via carotenoids but involves direct cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate and subsequent oxidation steps. we present here evidence that this "direct" pathway is indeed the only one used by an aba-overproducing strain of ... | 2004 | 15240257 |
| ethylene response factor 1 mediates arabidopsis resistance to the soilborne fungus fusarium oxysporum. | ethylene response factor 1 (erf1) is a transcriptional factor from arabidopsis thaliana that regulates plant resistance to the necrotrophic fungi botrytis cinerea and plectosphaerella cucumerina and whose overexpression enhances resistance to these fungi. here, we show that erf1 also mediates arabidopsis resistance to the soilborne fungi fusarium oxysporum sp. conglutinans and f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, because its constitutive expression in arabidopsis confers enhanced resistance to these ... | 2004 | 15242170 |
| characterization of tomato endo-beta-1,4-glucanase cel1 protein in fruit during ripening and after fungal infection. | the tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (egase) cel1 protein was characterized in fruit using specific antibodies. two polypeptides ranging between 51 and 52 kda were detected in the pericarp, and polypeptides ranging between 49 and 51 kda were detected in locules. the polypeptides recognized by cel1 antiserum in fruit are within the size range predicted for cel1 protein and could be derived from heterogeneous glycosylation. cel1 protein accumulation was examined throu ... | 2004 | 15243740 |
| actinchinin, a novel antifungal protein from the gold kiwi fruit. | an antifungal protein designated actinchinin, with an n-terminal sequence different from that of the thaumatin-like antifungal protein from green kiwi fruit, was isolated from the gold kiwi fruit. the antifungal protein, unlike its counterpart from green kiwi fruit, did not exert antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea, but was active against fusarium oxysporum which was unresponsive to thaumatin-like protein from green kiwi fruit. actinchinin was isolated using a protocol that comprised io ... | 2004 | 15245867 |
| antifungal peptides, a heat shock protein-like peptide, and a serine-threonine kinase-like protein from ceylon spinach seeds. | two antifungal peptides (designated alpha- and beta-basrubrins) with molecular masses of 4-5 kda and distinct n-terminal sequences, and a peptide and a protein with n-terminal sequences resembling heat shock protein (hsp) and serine-threonine kinase, respectively, were isolated from seeds of the ceylon spinach basella rubra. the purification procedure entailed saline extraction, (nh4)2so4 precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ... | 2004 | 15245882 |
| 2-pyrones possessing antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. | the 2-pyrone sub-unit is found in a number of natural products possessing broad spectrum biological activity. such compounds are validated as being capable of binding to specific protein domains and able to exert a remarkable range of biological effects. in an effort to identify synthetic 2-pyrones with interesting biological effects, herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-substituted-6-methyl-2-pyrones. synthetic routes to 4-alkyl/alkenyl/aryl/alkynyl-6-methyl-2-pyrones h ... | 2004 | 15246105 |
| an aspartic proteinase gene family in the filamentous fungus botrytis cinerea contains members with novel features. | botrytis cinerea, an important fungal plant pathogen, secretes aspartic proteinase (ap) activity in axenic cultures. no cysteine, serine or metalloproteinase activity could be detected. proteinase activity was higher in culture medium containing bsa or wheat germ extract, as compared to minimal medium. a proportion of the enzyme activity remained in the extracellular glucan sheath. ap was also the only type of proteinase activity in fluid obtained from b. cinerea-infected tissue of apple, pepper ... | 2004 | 15256589 |
| enhancement of the antifungal activity of bacillus subtilis f29-3 by the chitinase encoded by bacillus circulans chia gene. | bacillus subtilis f29-3 is an antagonistic bacterium against a wide range of fungal species. in order to determine the effect of chitinase on the antifungal activity of b. subtilis f29-3, a 2.4-kb dna fragment containing the chia gene of bacillus circulans wl-12 was ligated into a shuttle vector phy300plk and transformed into b. subtilis f29-3. a bioassay conducted on the culture supernatant showed that, in comparison to the b. subtilis control strain, b. subtilis f29-3 expressing the chia gene ... | 2004 | 15284891 |
| killer toxin of pichia membranifaciens and its possible use as a biocontrol agent against grey mould disease of grapevine. | the use of pichia membranifaciens cyc 1106 killer toxin against botrytis cinerea was investigated. this strain exerted a broad-specificity killing action against other yeasts and fungi. at ph 4, optimal killer activity was observed at temperatures up to 20 degrees c. at 25 degrees c the toxic effect was reduced to 70%. the killer activity was higher in acidic medium. above about ph 4.5 activity decreased sharply and was barely noticeable at ph 6. the killer toxin protein from p. membranifaciens ... | 2004 | 15289549 |
| a family of glycosyl hydrolase family 45 cellulases from the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | we have characterized a family of ghf45 cellulases from the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus. the absence of such genes from other nematodes and their similarity to fungal genes suggests that they may have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer (hgt) from fungi. the cell wall degrading enzymes of other plant parasitic nematodes may have been acquired by hgt from bacteria. b. xylophilus is not directly related to other plant parasites and our data therefore suggest that horizontal ... | 2004 | 15304348 |
| screening extracts of achyranthes japonica and rumex crispus for activity against various plant pathogenic fungi and control of powdery mildew. | methanol extracts of fresh materials of 183 plants were screened for in vivo antifungal activity against magnaporthe grisea, corticium sasaki, botrytis cinerea, phytophthora infestans, puccinia recondita and erysiphe graminis f sp hordei. among them, 33 plant extracts showed disease-control efficacy of more than 90% against at least one of six plant diseases. the methanol extracts of achyranthes japonica (whole plant) and rumex crispus (roots) at concentrations greater than 11 g fresh weight of ... | 2004 | 15307672 |
| onychomycosis due to ulocladium botrytis. | a case of disto-lateral onychomycosis of the third toe of the right foot of a 45-year-old man is reported. the agent of infection was ulocladium botrytis, a mycete not hitherto reported to infect humans. the patient underwent mycological examination consisting of direct microscope observation and culture of pathological material. diagnosis was based on the macro- and microscopic characteristics of the colonies. fragments of the latter were also examined by scanning electron microscope. clinical ... | 2004 | 15310343 |
| 1-phenyl-3-toluyl-4-[ortho-1'-(n-ethyl-2'-methylpropylamine)]phenylpyrazole, synthesis and evaluation of the in vitro antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea and fusarium oxysporum. | a novel antifungal pyrazole derivative was synthesized. designated 1-phenyl-3-toluyl-4-[ortho-1'-(n-ethyl-2'-methylpropylamine)]phenylpyrazole, the compound exerted an antifungal effect toward botrytis cinerea and fusarium oxysporum. in fact, our results clearly show that mycelial growth and conidial germination of both fungi were blocked by the compound. indeed, a 96-well microbioassay procedure was used for fast and easy evaluation of minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). the mic values for ... | 2004 | 15337431 |
| fungicide activity through activation of a fungal signalling pathway. | fungicides generally inhibit enzymatic reactions involved in fungal cellular biosynthesis. here we report, for the first time, an example of fungicidal effects through hyperactivation of a fungal signal transduction pathway. the osc1 gene, encoding a map kinase (mapk) related to yeast hog1, was isolated from the fungal pathogen colletotrichum lagenarium that causes cucumber anthracnose. the osc1 knockout mutants were sensitive to high osmotic stress and showed increased resistance to the fungici ... | 2004 | 15341655 |
| different mechanisms participate in the r-dependent activity of the r2r3 myb transcription factor c1. | the r2r3 myb transcription factor c1 requires the basic helix-loop-helix factor r as an essential co-activator for the transcription of maize anthocyanin genes. in contrast, the r2r3 myb protein p1 activates a subset of the c1-regulated genes independently of r. substitution of six amino acids in p1 with the c1 amino acids results in p1(*), whose activity on c1-regulated and p1-regulated genes is r-dependent or r-enhanced, respectively. we have used p1(*) in combination with various promoters to ... | 2004 | 15347654 |
| single oligonucleotide nested pcr: a rapid method for the isolation of genes and their flanking regions from expressed sequence tags. | we report on the development of a new pcr technique for the isolation of genomic fragments that flank known dna sequences. this technique, single oligonucleotide nested (son)-pcr, relies on only two amplification reactions with two or three nested sequence-specific primers. it allows the isolation of dna regions located on either side of a known dna sequence, with high specificity. dna products of 2 kb in size can be generated that all contain one copy of the same primer at both ends. sequence a ... | 2004 | 15349749 |
| antifungal limonoids from the fruits of khaya senegalensis. | investigation of the fruits of khaya senegalensis resulted in the isolation of three new mexicanolide limonoids containing a rare conjugated diene lactone system named seneganolide a (1), 2-hydroxyseneganolide a (2) and 2-acetoxyseneganolide a (3). two known limonoids, 3-deacetyl-7-deacetoxy-7-oxokhivorin (4) and methyl 6-hydroxyangolensate (5), were also found. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods. the antifungal activity of compounds 1, 3 and 5 w ... | 2004 | 15351110 |
| characterization of european wine glycerol: stable carbon isotope approach. | glycerol of about 170 european wines was analyzed using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry technique. (13)c/(12)c isotopic ratio measurements were performed to characterize glycerol's delta(13)c values of genuine wine samples from european union wine-producing countries. glycerol was also successfully dosed using an internal reference, 1,5-pentanediol. | 2004 | 15366840 |
| synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of fugomycin and desoxyfugomycin: cd spectroscopy and fungicidal activity of butenolides. | the dibromoalkenes (s)-3 and (r)- and (s)-4 are intermediates in the syntheses of the naturally occurring fungicidal butenolides fugomycin (1) and desoxyfugomycin (2), respectively. the stereoselective bromine-lithium exchange that leads to the carbenoid 12 and the vinyllithium reagent 17 a on the one hand, and palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of the dibromoalkene 3 and the bromolactone 22 on the other are key steps en route to the butenolides 1 and 2. the chiral building blocks (s)-3, (r) ... | 2004 | 15378637 |
| screening study for potential lead compounds for natural product-based fungicides: i. synthesis and in vitro evaluation of coumarins against botrytis cinerea. | an efficient, one-pot synthesis of angular and linear dihydropyranocoumarins, along with c-6 and c-8 prenylated coumarins is reported. these compounds, together with single- and furanocoumarins, were tested for their potential antifungal activity against the phytopathogen botrytis cinerea pers ex fr. the results show that furanocoumarins may be able to control the fungus b cinerea. | 2004 | 15382508 |
| stimulation of the lipoxygenase pathway is associated with systemic resistance induced in bean by a nonpathogenic pseudomonas strain. | systemic defense reactions induced in bean by the non-pathogenic pseudomonas putida btp1 strain reduced disease caused by botrytis cinerea. phenylalanine ammonialyase activity and the level of endogenous free salicylic acid were compared in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-treated versus control plants, but no significant differences were detected. furthermore, no enhanced fungitoxicity was detected in methanolic leaf extracts, suggesting that accumulation of bean phytoalexins was not part o ... | 2004 | 15384491 |
| bioactivity guided isolation of antifungal compounds from the liverwort bazzania trilobata (l.) s.f. gray. | a dichloromethane and a methanol extract of the liverwort bazzania trilobata showed antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi botrytis cinerea, cladosporium cucumerinum, phythophthora infestans, pyricularia oryzae and septoria tritici. bioautography on thin-layer chromatograms was used to isolate six antifungal sesquiterpenes: 5- and 7-hydroxycalamenene, drimenol, drimenal, viridiflorol, gymnomitrol and three bisbibenzyls: 6 ',8'-dichloroisoplagiochin c, isoplagiochin d and 6'-chloro ... | 2004 | 15451321 |
| anthraquinones isolated from cassia tora (leguminosae) seed show an antifungal property against phytopathogenic fungi. | the fungicidal activities of cassia tora extracts and their active principles were determined against botrytis cineria, erysiphe graminis, phytophthora infestans, puccinia recondita, pyricularia grisea, and rhizoctonia solani using a whole plant method in vivo and were compared with synthetic fungicides and three commercially available anthraquinones. the responses varied with the plant pathogen tested. at 1 g/l, the chloroform fraction of c. tora showed a strong fungicidal activity against b. c ... | 2004 | 15453672 |
| effect of treatment with trichoderma harzianum rifai formulated in invert emulsion on postharvest decay of apple blue mold. | conidia of trichoderma harzianum were formulated in invert emulsion (water-in-oil type) at a concentration of 6.0 x 10(7) conidia/ml of the formulation. treatments with conidia in the formulated emulsion and conidia in sterile distilled water were conducted to assess the effect on penicillium expansum link inoculated on apple fruits. comparisons were made with control treatments of an uninoculated emulsion and uninoculated distilled water. the t. harzianum-containing emulsion significantly (p <o ... | 2004 | 15454318 |
| antifungal activity of tagetes patula extracts on some phytopathogenic fungi: ultrastructural evidence on pythium ultimum. | methanol extract, obtained from tagetes patula plant, was assayed against three phytopathogenic fungi: botrytis cinerea, fusarium moniliforme and pythium ultimum. the antifungal activity was tested both in the dark and in the light, using two different lighting systems. the data showed that the extract proved to have a dose-dependent activity on all the fungi with a marked difference between treatments in the light than in the dark. good growth inhibition was observed in fungi only when these we ... | 2004 | 15462529 |
| the biosynthetic pathway to abscisic acid via ionylideneethane in the fungus botrytis cinerea. | the biosynthetic pathway to abscisic acid (aba) from isopentenyl diphosphate in the fungus, botrytis cinerea, was investigated. labeling experiments with (18)o2 and h2(18)o indicated that all oxygen atoms at c-1, -1, -1' and -4' of aba were derived from molecular oxygen, and not from water. this finding was inconsistent not only with the known carotenoid pathway via oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, but also with the classical direct pathway via cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate. the fungus p ... | 2004 | 15464154 |
| involvement of the r2r3-myb, atmyb61, in the ectopic lignification and dark-photomorphogenic components of the det3 mutant phenotype. | overexpression of a pine myb, ptmyb4, in arabidopsis caused ectopic lignin deposition and allowed the plants to undergo photomorphogenesis even when they were grown in the dark. the phenotype caused by ptmyb4 overexpression was reminiscent of the previously characterised dark-photomorphogenic mutant, de-etiolated 3 (det3); consequently, we tested the hypothesis that myb misexpression may explain aspects of the det3 phenotype. we show here that atmyb61, a member of the arabidopsis r2r3-myb family ... | 2004 | 14690508 |
| distribution and persistence of emamectin benzoate at efficacious concentrations in pine tissues after injection of a liquid formulation. | in an earlier paper the authors reported the creation of a novel emamectin benzoate 40 g litre(-1) liquid formulation (shot wan liquid formulation). the injection of this formulation exerted a preventative effect against the pine wilt disease caused by the pine wood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus (steiner & buhrer) nickle, and this effect lasted for at least 3 years. the present study was carried out to show experimentally that the marked effect of this formulation was due to the presence ... | 2004 | 14727740 |
| the tetraspanin bcpls1 is required for appressorium-mediated penetration of botrytis cinerea into host plant leaves. | animal tetraspanins are membrane proteins controlling cell adhesion, morphology and motility. in fungi, the tetraspanin mgpls1 controls an appressorial function required for the penetration of magnaporthe grisea into host plants. an orthologue of mgpls1, bcpls1, was identified in the necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen botrytis cinerea. we constructed a bcpls1::bar null mutant by targeted gene replacement. bcpls1::bar is not pathogenic on intact plant tissues of bean, tomato or rose, but it infec ... | 2004 | 14731267 |
| increased antifungal and chitinase specific activities of trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 by addition of a cellulose binding domain. | trichoderma harzianum is a widely distributed soil fungus that antagonizes numerous fungal phytopathogens. the antagonism of t. harzianum usually correlates with the production of antifungal activities including the secretion of fungal cell walls that degrade enzymes such as chitinases. chitinases chit42 and chit33 from t. harzianum cect 2413, which lack a chitin-binding domain, are considered to play an important role in the biocontrol activity of this strain against plant pathogens. by adding ... | 2004 | 14740190 |
| characterisation of pythium paroecandrum and its antagonism towards botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of grey mould disease of grape. | pythium paroecandrum (b-30), an oomycete, was isolated from soil samples taken from a wheat field in genlis in the burgundy region of france and was found to check the growth and development of botrytis cinerea, a serious grapevine pathogen. the oomycete is a fast-growing organism, living on vegetable debris, and can be recognised by its catenulate hyphal swellings, catenulate oogonia, and monoclinous antheridia. when grown together with b. cinerea, the causal agent of the grey mould disease of ... | 2004 | 14757237 |
| nodule-enhanced protease inhibitor gene: emerging patterns of gene expression in nodule development on sesbania rostrata. | a novel marker for the early stages of nodulation of sesbania rostrata was found to encode a putative member of the kunitz family of protease inhibitors (srpi1). its expression was enhanced during nodulation, and was not up-regulated by wounding or upon infection with wide host-range pathogens. in situ expression patterns resembled those previously described for functions that may be implicated in delimiting infected nodule tissues from the rest of the plant. thus, srpi1 may be a component of a ... | 2004 | 14676288 |
| production of botrytis cinerea for potential introduction into a vineyard. | botrytis cinerea was produced in solid-phase fermentation, liquid fermentation and on potato dextrose agar. stored products were evaluated for grape colonization in grape bioassays and in field trials, and for b. cinerea density using colony forming unit analyses and a nucleic-acid-based method. b. cinerea colony forming unit density was significantly correlated to the probability of successful grape colonization in grape bioassays (p-value=0.0002). solid fermentation products could be stored lo ... | 2004 | 14643984 |
| oligogalacturonide signal transduction, induction of defense-related responses and protection of grapevine against botrytis cinerea. | grapevine ( vitis vinifera l.) is vulnerable to a variety of pathogenic fungi, among them botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, is responsible for worldwide yield losses that would be even more important without a successful control that relies mainly on fungicides. in the present work we investigated an alternative way of using oligogalacturonides (oga) to induce defense responses in grapevine and protection against b. cinerea. kinetic experiments with grapevine cells showed that og ... | 2004 | 14618326 |
| cloning and expression of a putative transferrin cdna of the spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana. | a spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) transferrin cdna (cftf) was isolated and cloned from a cdna library that was constructed using mrna from fifth to sixth instar larvae. cftf cdna encoded a predicted protein of 681 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 76 kda. cftf shared 72% and 74% identities at the amino acid level with transferrins of manduca sexta and bombyx mori, respectively. like other transferrins, cftf retains most of the n-terminal, iron-binding amino acid residu ... | 2004 | 15110871 |
| isolation of allicepin, a novel antifungal peptide from onion (allium cepa) bulbs. | from the bulbs of the onion allium cepa, a novel antifungal peptide distinct from the antimicrobial peptide previously reported from onion seeds was isolated. the antifungal peptide, designated allicepin, was purified with a procedure that involved aqueous extraction, ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and fplc-gel filtration on superdex 75. allicepin was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel. the molecular weight ... | 2004 | 15113089 |
| synthesis and structure-activity study of fungicidal anilinopyrimidines leading to mepanipyrim (kif-3535) as an anti-botrytis agent. | a series of 2-anilinopyrimidines was prepared and their fungicidal activities against botrytis cinerea pers were examined. the activity fell sharply with any substitution on the anilinobenzene ring. substituents at the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring greatly reduced the activity. substituents such as chloro, methoxy, methylamino, methyl or 1-propynyl were well tolerated at the 4- and 6-positions of the pyrimidine ring. among these substituents, the combination of methyl and 1-propynyl groups w ... | 2004 | 15119603 |
| organic matter transformation in the environment investigated by quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy: studies on lignins. | the lignins separated from angiosperm and gymnosperm trees, peat and xylitic brown coal were investigated by quantitative epr. observed free radicals in lignins are sensitive to alkaline environment. gaseous ammonia interacting with solid lignins in resonance cavity shifts quinone-hydroquinone equilibria towards formation of semiquinone anions. complexation of copper(ii) by lignins causes drastic decrease of the semiquinones in the matrices. formation of lignin-pb(ii) complexes yielded radicals ... | 2004 | 15134739 |
| a new species of pythium isolated from burgundian vineyards and its antagonism towards botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of the grey mould disease. | during the course of an investigation on the pythiaceous fungi occurring in burgundian vineyards, three isolates of pythium were found, all of which were characterised by spherical to lemoniform, proliferating sporangia. only one out of these three isolates produced sexual characters (s-12) after prolonged incubation, but their asexual structures, temperature growth relationship and molecular characteristics were identical. saprolegnia-type internal proliferation of the sporangia, and phytophtho ... | 2004 | 15135532 |
| characterization of the antifungal activity on botrytis cinerea of the natural diterpenoids kaurenoic acid and 3beta-hydroxy-kaurenoic acid. | the antifungal activity on botrytis cinerea of the diterpenoids 3beta-hydroxy-kaurenoic acid and kaurenoic acid, obtained from the resinous exudates of pseudognaphalium vira vira, was determined. 3beta-hydroxy-kaurenoic acid reduced the mycelial growth of b. cinerea in solid and liquid media. additionally, the damage produced by the fungus on the surface of tomato leaves in the presence of the diterpenoids was evaluated. a higher protective effect was observed in the presence of the hydroxylated ... | 2004 | 15137820 |
| structure-activity relationships of derivatives of fusapyrone, an antifungal metabolite of fusarium semitectum. | fusapyrone (1) and deoxyfusapyrone (2) are two 3-substituted-4-hydroxy-6-alkyl-2-pyrones isolated from fusarium semitectum that have considerable antifungal activity against molds. because of their low zootoxicity and selective action they are potentially utilizable along with biocontrol yeasts for control of postharvest crop diseases. seven derivatives of 1 (3 and 5-10) and one derivative of 2 (4) were obtained by chemical modifications of the glycosyl residue, the 2-pyrone ring, the aliphatic ... | 2004 | 15137845 |
| survival of spores of rhizopus stolonifer, aspergillus niger, botrytis cinerea and alternaria alternata after exposure to ethanol solutions at various temperatures. | to quantify and model the toxicity of brief exposures of spores of rhizopus stolonifer, aspergillus niger, botrytis cinerea and alternaria alternata to heated, aqueous ethanol solutions. these fungi are common postharvest decay pathogens of fresh grapes and other produce. sanitation of produce reduces postharvest losses caused by these and other pathogens. | 2004 | 15139929 |