Publications

the mitochondrial genomes of ancylostoma caninum and bunostomum phlebotomum--two hookworms of animal health and zoonotic importance.	hookworms are blood-feeding nematodes that parasitize the small intestines of many mammals, including humans and cattle. these nematodes are of major socioeconomic importance and cause disease, mainly as a consequence of anaemia (particularly in children or young animals), resulting in impaired development and sometimes deaths. studying genetic variability within and among hookworm populations is central to addressing epidemiological and ecological questions, thus assisting in the control of hoo ...	2009	19210793
acetylcholine receptor subunit genes from ancylostoma caninum: altered transcription patterns associated with pyrantel resistance.	the molecular mechanism of resistance to nicotinic agonist anthelmintics such as pyrantel and levamisole in nematodes of medical and veterinary significance is poorly understood. the identification of pyrantel-resistant isolates of the canine hookworm, ancylostoma caninum, provides an opportunity to explore, at a molecular level, the mechanism of cholinergic resistance in a species that is a model for the human hookworms. here we describe the cloning of three a. caninum genes orthologous to comp ...	2009	18823982
comparison of passive fecal flotation run by veterinary students to zinc-sulfate centrifugation flotation run in a diagnostic parasitology laboratory.	the sensitivity of fecal examination methods can be influenced by both technician error and methodology. in this analysis, we compared the results of 335 passive fecal flotation examinations performed on the feces of stray dogs by 3rd-yr veterinary students at the university of pennsylvania, school of veterinary medicine, to the results obtained through zinc-sulfate centrifugation performed by the diagnostic parasitology laboratory on the same fecal samples. the students' passive flotation resul ...	2009	19284803
gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the island of st. pierre off the south coast of newfoundland.	the present work was performed to survey the gastrointestinal parasites of domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and also to determine if any were infected with angiostrongylus vasorum (french heartworm), on the french island of st. pierre off the south coast of newfoundland. a total of 57 fecal samples were collected and examined for intestinal parasites. the overall prevalence of parasitism was 57.9% and the six species found were: uncinaria stenocephala/ancylostoma caninum (47.4%), toxocara ...	2009	19303213
an enzymatically inactivated hemoglobinase from necator americanus induces neutralizing antibodies against multiple hookworm species and protects dogs against heterologous hookworm infection.	hookworms digest hemoglobin from erythrocytes via a proteolytic cascade that begins with the aspartic protease, apr-1. ac-apr-1 from the dog hookworm, ancylostoma caninum, protects dogs against hookworm infection via antibodies that neutralize enzymatic activity and interrupt blood-feeding. toward developing a human hookworm vaccine, we expressed both wild-type (na-apr-1(wt)) and mutant (na-apr-1(mut)-mutagenesis of the catalytic aspartic acids) forms of na-apr-1 from the human hookworm, necator ...	2009	19380510
[prevalence of intestinal canine and feline parasites in saitama prefecture, japan].	we studied the prevalence of intestinal parasites in animal companions in saitama prefecture, japan, where no detailed data is currently available. between may 1999 and december 2007, fecal samples were collected from 906 dogs and 1,079 cats in public animal shelters and examined by microscopy. overall, prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs was 38.6% and cats 43.1%. trichuris vulpis was the most prevalent canine parasite species (22.3%), followed by toxocara canis (12.5%), ancylostoma canin ...	2009	19522305
real-time pcr assays for monitoring benzimidazole resistance-associated mutations in ancylostoma caninum.	frequent and broad application of anthelmintic drugs for treatment of intestinal parasite infection has led to drug resistance that often renders whole populations of livestock unresponsive to treatment. therefore, it is important to detect mutations associated with drug resistance before it becomes clinically manifest. to monitor developing drug resistance against benzimidazoles (bz), we developed real-time pcr assays and applied them to analyse the beta-tubulin isotype-1 gene of the hookworm a ...	2009	19545525
dose-response assay templates for in vitro assessment of resistance to benzimidazole and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist drugs in human hookworms.	with the implementation of mass drug administration programs for the control of human hookworms, there is a need to monitor for the emergence of drug resistance. we have therefore examined in vitro assays for monitoring sensitivity to benzimidazoles (egg hatch assay) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist drugs (motility and morphology assays), with a view to developing tools for monitoring drug sensitivity in the field. we have performed assays with necator americanus and ancylostoma ceyl ...	2009	19556583
efficacy of emodepside plus praziquantel tablets (profender tablets for dogs) against mature and immature adult ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala infections in dogs.	this paper reports the efficacy of a novel flavoured tablet formulation of emodepside plus praziquantel (profender tablets for dogs) against mature and immature adult hookworms (ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala) in dogs. the tablets were used at the minimum recommended dose of 1 mg emodepside and 5 mg praziquantel per kg body weight. four randomised, blinded and controlled laboratory studies demonstrated >95% efficacy against mature and immature adult stages of u. stenocephala and ...	2009	19575220
field evaluation of the efficacy and safety of emodepside plus praziquantel tablets (profender tablets for dogs) against naturally acquired nematode and cestode infections in dogs.	a controlled, blinded and randomised multicentre field study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a new anthelmintic tablet formulation containing emodepside plus praziquantel (profender tablets for dogs) in the treatment of gastrointestinal nematode and cestode infections in dogs in france, germany, portugal and slovakia. dogs positive for nematodes and/or cestodes (demonstrated by faecal egg counts and/or the presence of proglottids) were treated with emodepside plus praziquantel tablets (n = ...	2009	19575222
the putative cyclooctadepsipeptide receptor depsiphilin of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	the g-protein-coupled receptor hc110-r of haemonchus contortus and its orthologue in caenorhabditis elegans, the latrophilin-like protein 1 (lat-1), were shown to play a role in the mode of action of the new anthelmintic compound emodepside. c. elegans lat-1 knockout mutants showed a decreased paralysing effect of emodepside on the pharyngeal muscle. in the present study, the lat-1 orthologue in the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum was identified and named depsiphilin. to obtain more informat ...	2009	19575230
biological control of ancylostomosis in dogs using the nematode-trapping fungus monacrosporium thaumasium in southeastern brazil.	parasitic nematodes ancylostoma caninum and ancylostoma braziliense affect dogs and cats and have great medical and veterinary importance for their high prevalence, zoonotic potential, cosmopolitan characteristic and soil contamination by eggs and larvae. in order to evaluate the efficiency of the nematophagous fungus monacrosporium thaumasium (isolate nf34a) in the biological control of dog hookworm, 12 adult animals, average weight between 7 and 19 kg, were separated into groups and kept in 2 ...	2009	19616382
male-enriched transcription of genes encoding asps and kunitz-type protease inhibitors in ancylostoma species.	various transcripts coding for proteins considered to be central to parasite-host interactions were identified previously as male-enriched in the hookworm ancylostoma braziliense. among these genes were an asp-5-like homologue and a kunitz-type protease inhibitor. the present study extends this previous work to investigate similar molecules in other hookworms (ancylostomatidae). specifically, partial cdna sequences encoding three different asp molecules and two different kunitz-type protease inh ...	2009	19646525
review of zoonotic parasites in medical and veterinary fields in the republic of korea.	zoonotic parasites are animal parasites that can infect humans. the major zoonotic protozoa in the republic of korea are babesia bovis, chilomastix mesnili, cryptosporidium parvum, endolimax nana, entamoeba coli, entamoeba hitolytica, giardia lamblia, iodamoeba bütschlii, pneumocystis carinii, sarcocystis cruzi, and toxoplasma gondii. the major zoonotic helminths in korea include trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. trematodes are clonorchis sinensis, echinostoma hortense, echinostoma spp., fasc ...	2009	19885329
prevalence of giardia intestinalis and other zoonotic intestinal parasites in private household dogs of the hachinohe area in aomori prefecture, japan in 1997, 2002 and 2007.	an epidemiological study on canine intestinal parasites was undertaken to evaluate changes in the prevalence among private household dogs from the hachinohe region of aomori prefecture, japan, in 1997, 2002 and 2007, using the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. the risk of zoonotic transmission from household dogs to humans was also discussed. all intestinal parasites detected in the present study (giardia intestinalis, isospora spp., toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris v ...	2009	19934595
molecular cloning and dna binding characterization of daf-16 orthologs from ancylostoma hookworms.	infective hookworm l3s encounter a host-specific signal during infection that re-initiates a suspended developmental pathway, resulting in development to the adult stage. this resumption of development in the host is analogous to recovery of developmentally arrested caenorhabditis elegans dauer larvae in response to favorable environmental signals. dauer recovery in c. elegans dauers and hookworm l3s is mediated by insulin-like signaling (ils). a key output of ils in c. elegans is the forkhead t ...	2009	18930062
exploring transcriptional conservation between ancylostoma caninum and haemonchus contortus by oligonucleotide microarray and bioinformatic analyses.	in this study, we identified, using an established oligonucleotide microarray platform for the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus, transcripts that are 'conserved' between serum-activated and non-activated l3s of ancylostoma caninum (al3 and l3, respectively) and h. contortus by cross-species hybridization (csh) at high stringency and conducted extensive bioinformatic analyses of the cross-hybridizing expressed sequence tags (ests). the microarray analysis revealed significant differential ...	2009	18977290
therapeutic potential of helminth soluble proteins in tnbs-induced colitis in mice.	the hygiene hypothesis suggests an inverse relationship between the incidence of parasitic infections and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). we investigated the therapeutic potential of schistosoma mansoni and ancylostoma caninum soluble proteins on experimental colitis in mice.	2009	19023900
investigation of the regulation of transcriptional changes in ancylostoma caninum larvae following serum activation, with a focus on the insulin-like signalling pathway.	the exit from dauer in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans is under the control of a single amphidial neuron (asj) of the insulin-like signalling pathway. mutations of this pathway have the ability to suppress entry into the dauer stage. it has been postulated that insulin-like signalling plays a significant role in the response to serum stimulation in vitro of the third-stage larvae (l3s) of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum. to test for the possible involvement of the insulin ...	2009	19054616
anthelmintic activity of cyclotides: in vitro studies with canine and human hookworms.	hookworm infection is a leading cause of maternal and child morbidity in countries of the tropics and subtropics, as well as being an important parasite in companion-animal medicine. the cyclotides are a novel family of cyclic cystine knot containing peptides from plants that have been shown to possess anthelmintic activity against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. in the current study we demonstrated the in vitro effects ...	2009	19059189
rnapc2 inhibits colorectal cancer in mice through tissue factor.	recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 (rnapc2) is a specific inhibitor of tissue factor (tf)/factor viia complex with novel antithrombotic activity. tf is highly expressed in human colorectal tumors, and levels are positively correlated with disease progression.	2009	19118048
immune recognition of the surface associated antigen, tc-saa-1, from infective larvae of teladorsagia circumcincta.	a cdna encoding a surface-associated antigen was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from rna extracted from teladorsagia circumcincta exsheathed third stage larvae (xl3). the protein encoded by this cdna, tc-saa-1, displays 77% identity over 162 amino acid residues to a surface associated antigen from ancylostoma caninum (ac-saa-1). antiserum raised against a bacterially-expressed recombinant form of tc-saa-1 reacted with a native protein in somatic and surface ex ...	2009	19121081
helminth parasites of the wolf canis lupus from latvia.	thirty-four wolves were collected between 2003 and 2008 from throughout latvia and examined for helminths. a total of 17 helminth species were recorded: the trematode alaria alata (85.3%); the cestodes diphyllobothrium latum (2.9%), echinococcus granulosus (2.9%), echinococcus multilocularis (5.9%), mesocestoides lineatus (5.9%), taenia crassiceps (8.8%), taenia hydatigena (41.2%), taenia (ovis) krabbei (8.8%), taenia multiceps (47.1%), taenia pisiformis (20.6%), taenia polyacantha (11.8%), taen ...	2009	19138449
proteomics analysis of the excretory/secretory component of the blood-feeding stage of the hookworm, ancylostoma caninum.	hookworms are blood-feeding intestinal parasites of mammalian hosts and are one of the major human ailments affecting approximately 600 million people worldwide. these parasites form an intimate association with the host and are able to avoid vigorous immune responses in many ways including skewing of the response phenotype to promote parasite survival and longevity. the primary interface between the parasite and the host is the excretory/secretory component, a complex mixture of proteins, carbo ...	2009	18753127
investigations into the prevention of neonatal ancylostoma caninum infections in puppies by application of imidacloprid 10% plus moxidectin 2.5% topical solution to the pregnant dog.	the aim of the investigation was to examine whether a single topical administration of a combination of imidacloprid and moxidectin to pregnant dogs could prevent neonatal infections with reactivated ancylostoma caninum larvae. three pregnant beagles, infected with a. caninum, were treated topically with the combination on day 56 of pregnancy. three further dogs served as untreated controls. treatment appeared to prevent neonatal infections in the puppies completely. neither intestinal stages no ...	2009	18793274
identification of an anticoagulant peptide that inhibits both fxia and fviia/tissue factor from the blood-feeding nematode ancylostoma caninum.	factor viia-tissue factor complex (fviia/tf) and factor xia (fxia) play important roles in the initiation and amplification of coagulation, respectively. they may be good targets for the development of novel anticoagulants to treat and prevent thromboembolic disease. in this study, we cloned, expressed and identified a novel anticoagulant peptide, acanap10, from the blood-feeding nematode ancylostoma caninum. acanap10 showed potent anticoagulant activity and doubled the activated partial thrombo ...	2010	20059979
molecular cloning, biochemical characterization, and partial protective immunity of the heme-binding glutathione s-transferases from the human hookworm necator americanus.	hookworm glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are critical for parasite blood feeding and survival and represent potential targets for vaccination. three cdnas, each encoding a full-length gst protein from the human hookworm necator americanus (and designated na-gst-1, na-gst-2, and na-gst-3, respectively) were isolated from cdna based on their sequence similarity to ac-gst-1, a gst from the dog hookworm ancylostoma caninum. the open reading frames of the three n. americanus gsts each contain 206 a ...	2010	20145100
intestinal parasites of dogs on the galapagos islands.	dogs on the galapagos islands are a unique population created by isolation from the mainland and regulations prohibiting further importation. the effect of infectious agents of these domestic dogs on the indigenous fauna is largely unknown. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs on the galapagos islands. fecal samples were collected from 97 dogs presented during neutering campaigns on santa cruz (n=51), san cristobal (n=17), and isabela (n=29) i ...	2010	20176441
hookworms of dogs and cats as agents of cutaneous larva migrans.	dogs and cats are hosts to hookworms that may cause zoonotic disease, most notably, cutaneous larva migrans. ancylostoma braziliense is most often implicated in dermatological lesions, and ancylostoma caninum has been associated with eosinophilic enteritis and suggested as a possible cause of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in humans. other manifestations include eosinophilic pneumonitis, localized myositis, folliculitis, erythema multiforme, or ophthalmological manifestations. ancylo ...	2010	20189454
a faecal analysis of helminth infections in wild and captive wolves, canis lupus l., in poland.	one hundred and three samples of faeces of reared grey wolves from four locations (stobnica park and zoological gardens in bydgoszcz, wrocław and cracow) and twenty-six samples of faeces from two free-roaming packs of grey wolf (canis lupus l.) in piła (forest divisions: borne sulinowo, czarnobór, jastrowo) and zielona góra (forest divisions: torzym, krosno odrzańskie) were collected between 2005 and 2007. helminth eggs were detected in 78.6% of faecal samples of reared grey wolves and in 88.4% ...	2010	20236557
drug target prediction and prioritization: using orthology to predict essentiality in parasite genomes.	new drug targets are urgently needed for parasites of socio-economic importance. genes that are essential for parasite survival are highly desirable targets, but information on these genes is lacking, as gene knockouts or knockdowns are difficult to perform in many species of parasites. we examined the applicability of large-scale essentiality information from four model eukaryotes, caenorhabditis elegans, drosophila melanogaster, mus musculus and saccharomyces cerevisiae, to discover essential ...	2010	20361874
characterizing ancylostoma caninum transcriptome and exploring nematode parasitic adaptation.	hookworm infection is one of the most important neglected diseases in developing countries, with approximately 1 billion people infected worldwide. to better understand hookworm biology and nematode parasitism, the present study generated a near complete transcriptome of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum to a very high coverage using high throughput technology, and compared it to those of the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans and the parasite brugia malayi.	2010	20470405
massively parallel sequencing and analysis of the necator americanus transcriptome.	the blood-feeding hookworm necator americanus infects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. in order to elucidate fundamental molecular biological aspects of this hookworm, the transcriptome of the adult stage of necator americanus was explored using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analyses.	2010	20485481
gastrointestinal and ectoparasites from urban stray dogs in fortaleza (brazil): high infection risk for humans?	dogs are important definite or reservoir hosts for zoonotic parasites. however, only few studies on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in urban areas in brazil are available. we performed a comprehensive study on parasites of stray dogs in a brazilian metropolitan area. we included 46 stray dogs caught in the urban areas of fortaleza (northeast brazil). after euthanization, dogs were autopsied. ectoparasites were collected, and the intestinal content of dogs were examined for the presence of ...	2010	20532563
activation of nippostrongylus brasiliensis infective larvae is regulated by a pathway distinct from the hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	developmentally arrested infective larvae of strongylid nematodes are activated to resume growth by host-derived cues encountered during invasion of the mammalian host. exposure of nippostrongylus brasiliensis infective larvae to elevated temperature (37°c) is sufficient to activate signalling pathways which result in resumption of feeding and protein secretion. this occurs independently of exposure to serum or glutathione, in contrast to the hookworm ancylostoma caninum, and is not initiated by ...	2010	20654619
protective effects of a bacterially expressed nif-kgf fusion protein against bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in mice.	current evidence suggests that the keratinocyte growth factor (kgf) and the polymorphonuclear leukocyte may play key roles in the development of lung fibrosis. here we describe the construction, expression, purification, and identification of a novel nif (neutrophil inhibitory factor)-kgf mutant fusion protein (nkm). the fusion gene was ligated via a flexible octapeptide hinge and expressed as an insoluble protein in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). the fusion protein retained the activities of kgf ...	2010	20705596
identification of hookworm daf-16/foxo response elements and direct gene targets.	the infective stage of the parasitic nematode hookworm is developmentally arrested in the environment and needs to infect a specific host to complete its life cycle. the canine hookworm (ancylostoma caninum) is an excellent model for investigating human hookworm infections. the transcription factor of a. caninum, ac-daf-16, which has a characteristic fork head or "winged helix" dna binding domain (dbd), has been implicated in the resumption of hookworm development in the host. however, the preci ...	2010	20808816
the prevalence and abundance of helminth parasites in stray dogs from the city of queretaro in central mexico.	the prevalence of helminth species in stray dogs, from the capital city of the state of queretaro, was evaluated. a total of 378 dogs were captured and examined for the presence of helminths from january to december 2008. the results showed that 275 (72.8%) of examined dogs were infected with one or more helminth species. single infections were observed in 139 (50.5%) of infected dogs and 136 (49.5%) harboured mixed infections. out of the 378 dogs examined, 208 (55.2%) presented nematodes and 18 ...	2010	20849669
principal intestinal parasites of dogs in tirana, albania.	from 2004 to 2009, the digestive tracts of 111 dogs from suburban areas around tirana, albania, were examined for intestinal helminths. in addition, rectal faecal samples of all dogs were examined for protozoan infections and 48 faecal samples from dogs >6 months of age were processed with the baermann technique to test for the excretion of lungworm larvae. the heart and pulmonary arteries of 30 dogs >6 months of age also were examined for nematode parasites. the intestinal parasite fauna of the ...	2010	20878182
intestinal helminths induce haematological changes in dogs from jabalpur, india.	the effect of canine intestinal helminths on the haematological profile of 200 dogs, of both sexes and variable age, visiting university veterinary clinics for routine examination was investigated. the dogs were assigned to parasitized (n = 39) and non-parasitized (n = 161) groups of animals. coprological examination revealed a 19.5% prevalence of different species of the helminths. of these animals, 10.25% had mixed infections with ancylostoma caninum, toxascaris spp. and dipylidium caninum. th ...	2010	21110909
environmental monitoring and analysis of faecal contamination in an urban setting in the city of bari (apulia region, italy): health and hygiene implications.	few studies have been conducted in italy to quantify the potential risk associated with dynamics and distribution of pathogens in urban settings. the aim of this study was to acquire data on the environmental faecal contamination in urban ecosystems, by assessing the presence of pathogens in public areas in the city of bari (apulia region, italy). to determine the degree of environmental contamination, samples of dog faeces and bird guano were collected from different areas in the city of bari ( ...	2010	21139871
epidemiology of intestinal helminth parasites in stray dogs from markets in south-eastern nigeria.	a survey of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of stray dogs (canis familiaris) was conducted at obollo-afor and ekwulobia markets, in enugu and anambra states, south-eastern nigeria, respectively, to determine the patterns of infection among dogs in different parts of south-eastern nigeria. faecal samples collected, using long forceps, from every dog encountered in the markets between june 2007 and december 2008 were analysed by the kato-katz technique. out of 413 dogs examined in both markets ...	2010	21144127
characterisation of hookworm heat shock factor binding protein (hsb-1) during heat shock and larval activation.	when hookworm infective l3s infect their mammalian host, they undergo a temperature shift from that of the ambient environment to that of their endothermic host. additionally, l3s living in the environment can be exposed to temperature extremes associated with weather fluctuations. the heat shock response (hsr) is a conserved response to heat shock and other stress that involves the expression of protective heat shock proteins (hsps). the hsr is controlled by heat shock factor-1 (hsf-1), a conse ...	2010	21172351
potential risk of zoonotic infections in recreational areas visited by sus scrofa and vulpes vulpes. case study--wolin island, poland.	the relation between intestinal parasite prevalence in wild boars and red foxes and the sanitary condition of the soil in recreational estates were determined. the analysis was made based on 36 samples of boar faeces and 22 samples of fox faeces, collected in their habitat as well as 60 samples of soil from two recreational areas. two methods were used for faecal samples--flotation and direct faecal smear; and flotation in nano3 for soil samples examination. zoonotic nematode eggs were recovered ...	2010	21174955
efficacy, safety and palatability of a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic formulation in dogs.	the efficacy, safety and palatability of a new flavoured chewable anthelmintic tablet were investigated in dogs. the efficacy, based on worm counts, of a single recommended therapeutic dose (rtd) of 5 mg pyrantel + 20 mg oxantel + 5 mg praziquantel/kg bodyweight was assessed in experimental infections (ei) and natural infections (ni) with trichuris vulpis, echinococcus granulosus and toxocara canis. for t vulpis, the efficacy of the treatment was 99.3 per cent in ei (comparing groups of six trea ...	2010	21257464
larval migration in perl chambers as an in vitro model for percutaneous infection stimulates feeding in the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	ancylostoma caninum third-stage larvae are the non-feeding infective stage of this parasite and are able to infect potential hosts via different infection routes. since percutaneous infection is one of the most important routes and skin penetration is the first step into parasitic life, an existing in vitro model for percutaneous migration was modified and evaluated. the main parameter used to evaluate migration was the migration ratio (migrated larvae as a percentage of total number of larvae r ...	2011	21266069
prevalence of dog intestinal nematode parasites in south central west virginia, usa.	coprological examination was used to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in a sample of 231 dogs (117 females and 114 males) during the summer of 2009 at a veterinary clinic in south central west virginia, usa. clinical signs (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, weight gain or loss) were noted in addition to a history of anthelmintic usage. a total of 79 dogs (33.6%) were infected with one or more intestinal nematodes. most dogs (58) were parasitized with a single species, 19 were parasiti ...	2011	21277089
ancylostoma caninum: calibration and comparison of diagnostic accuracy of flotation in tube, mcmaster and flotac in faecal samples of dogs.	we performed a calibration of flotation in tube, mcmaster and flotac to determine the optimal flotation solution (fs) and the influence of faecal preservation for the diagnosis of ancylostoma caninum in dogs, and compared the accuracy of the three copromicroscopic techniques. among nine different fs, sodium chloride and sodium nitrate performed best for detection and quantification of a. caninum eggs. faecal samples, either fresh or preserved in formalin 5%, resulted in higher a. caninum egg cou ...	2011	21295030
an elisa for sensitive and specific detection of circulating antigen of angiostrongylus vasorum in serum samples of naturally and experimentally infected dogs.	canine angiostrongylosis is an emerging cardiopulmonary disease in europe which can be fatal if left untreated. we developed a sandwich-elisa based on a monoclonal antibody (mab av 56/1/2) and on polyclonal rabbit antibodies directed against angiostrongylus vasorum adult excretory/secretory - antigen for the detection of circulating serum antigen of a. vasorum. the sensitivity of the test was 95.7% (78.1-99.9, 95% ci) as determined with sera of 23 dogs naturally infected with a. vasorum. the spe ...	2011	21333451
a coproantigen diagnostic test for strongyloides infection.	accurate diagnosis of infection with the parasite strongyloides stercoralis is hampered by the low concentration of larvae in stool, rendering parasitological diagnosis insensitive. even if the more sensitive agar plate culture method is used repeated stool sampling is necessary to achieve satisfactory sensitivity. in this manuscript we describe the development of a coproantigen elisa for diagnosis of infection. polyclonal rabbit antiserum was raised against strongyloides ratti excretory/secreto ...	2011	21347447
rna and protein synthesis is required for ancylostoma caninum larval activation.	the developmentally arrested infective larva of hookworms encounters a host-specific signal during invasion that initiates the resumption of suspended developmental pathways. the resumption of development during infection is analogous to recovery from the facultative arrested dauer stage in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. infective larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum resume feeding and secrete molecules important for infection when exposed to a host mimicking signa ...	2011	21354706
an epidemiological study of intestinal parasites of dogs from yucatan, mexico, and their risk to public health.	abstract the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and factors associated were studied in a rural community of yucatan (southern mexico), with special attention to those gastrointestinal parasites potentially transmitted to man. one hundred thirty dogs from 91 households were studied. fecal samples were processed by the centrifugation-flotation and the mcmaster techniques. to determine factors associated with zoonotic parasites in dogs, univariate analysis was performed, using sex, age, and ...	2011	21395413
slo-1-channels of parasitic nematodes reconstitute locomotor behaviour and emodepside sensitivity in caenorhabditis elegans slo-1 loss of function mutants.	the calcium-gated potassium channel slo-1 in caenorhabditis elegans was recently identified as key component for action of emodepside, a new anthelmintic drug with broad spectrum activity. in this study we identified orthologues of slo-1 in ancylostoma caninum, cooperia oncophora, and haemonchus contortus, all important parasitic nematodes in veterinary medicine. furthermore, functional analyses of these slo-1 orthologues were performed using heterologous expression in c. elegans. we expressed a ...	2011	21490955
gastrointestinal parasites and their prevalence in the arabian red fox (vulpes vulpes arabica) from the kingdom of saudi arabia.	the gastrointestinal parasites and prevalence of infestation in the arabian red fox vulpes vulpes arabica thomas, were investigated at the king khalid wildlife research centre (kkwrc) in thumamah, riyadh province, saudi arabia. faecal samples were collected from 58 wild caught foxes while under anaesthesia and examined for gastrointestinal parasites stages. male and female foxes were infected with three major groups of parasites; cestodes, nematodes, protozoa as well as an acanthocephalan. faeca ...	2011	21524855
prevalence of canine gastrointestinal helminths in urban lusaka and rural katete districts of zambia.	faecal samples were collected from january 2010 through september 2010 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (gi) helminths infestation in dogs in urban lusaka and rural katete districts of zambia. a total of 452 faecal samples (n=160 katete, n=292 lusaka) were examined by faecal flotation for the presence of helminth eggs and 82.5% of dogs were positive for gi helminths in katete compared to 76% for lusaka. positive results with the presence of at least one parasite corresponded to 72 ...	2011	21612833
rnai effector diversity in nematodes.	while rna interference (rnai) has been deployed to facilitate gene function studies in diverse helminths, parasitic nematodes appear variably susceptible. to test if this is due to inter-species differences in rnai effector complements, we performed a primary sequence similarity survey for orthologs of 77 caenorhabditis elegans rnai pathway proteins in 13 nematode species for which genomic or transcriptomic datasets were available, with all outputs subjected to domain-structure verification. our ...	2011	21666793
efficacy of emodepside plus toltrazuril (procox(®) oral suspension for dogs) against toxocara canis, uncinaria stenocephala and ancylostoma caninum in dogs.	the efficacy of emodepside plus toltrazuril (pro-and between 4 and 655 worms for hookworms. the cox(®) oral suspension for dogs) against different studies demonstrated 100 % efficacy of emodepside/ species of gastrointestinal nematodes (toxocara toltrazuril suspension against mature adult, =94.7% canis, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria steno-efficacy against immature adult and 99.3 % efficacy cephala) was evaluated in nine randomised, against the l4 larval stage of t. canis. the efficacy blinded a ...	2011	21739370
generation of bioactive recombinant ancylostoma caninum anticoagulant peptide c2.	thrombus formation is a crucial factor in the precipitation of unstable angina or myocardial infarction. recently, several anticoagulant serine protease inhibitors have been identified from adult ancylostoma caninum hookworms. one of them, a. caninum anticoagulant peptide c2 (acapc2), can inhibit the activity of factor viia/tissue factor complex to exert its antithrombotic effect. however, it is difficult to adopt traditional expression and purification systems to yield high-purity recombinant a ...	2011	21907287
hookworm scp/taps protein structure-a key to understanding host-parasite interactions and developing new interventions.	scp/taps proteins are a diverse family of molecules in eukaryotes, including parasites. despite their abundant occurrence in parasite secretomes, very little is known about their functions in parasitic nematodes, including blood-feeding hookworms. current information indicates that scp/taps proteins (called ancylostoma-secreted proteins, asps) of the canine hookworm, ancylostoma caninum, represent at least three distinct groups of proteins. this information, combined with comparative modelling, ...	2011	22120067
transgenic c. elegans dauer larvae expressing hookworm phospho null daf-16/foxo exit dauer.	parasitic hookworms and the free-living model nematode caenorhabtidis elegans share a developmental arrested stage, called the dauer stage in c. elegans and the infective third-stage larva (l3) in hookworms. one of the key transcription factors that regulate entrance to and exit from developmental arrest is the forkhead transcription factor daf-16/foxo. during the dauer stage, daf-16 is activated and localized in the nucleus. daf-16 is negatively regulated by phosphorylation by the upstream kina ...	2011	22016799
a history of hookworm vaccine development.	the human hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale remain among the most common infections of humans in areas of rural poverty in the developing regions of the world, with an estimated 1 billion people infected with one or more of these parasites. herein, we review the nearly 100 years of research, development, animal testing, and fieldwork that have led to our current progress in recombinant hookworm vaccines. we begin with the identification of hookworm at the start of the 20th c ...	2011	22064562
characterization of cathepsin b proteinase (accp-2) in eggs and larvae stages of hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	cathepsin b proteinase constitutes a large multigenes family in parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes. the localization of cathepsin b proteinases (accp-1 and accp-2) in adult worm of ancylostoma caninum has been characterized (harrop et al., 1995), but the localization and function in eggs and larval stages remained undiscovered. here we described the expressing of cathepsin b proteinase (accp-2) in escherichia coli, and immuno-localization of cathepsin b proteinase in eggs and larvae stages of ...	2011	21925175
cloning and characterization of a novel gene encoding 16 kda protein (ac16) from angiostrongylus cantonensis.	angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common infectious cause of eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. a novel gene (ac16) was isolated from a cdna library of a. cantonensis fourth-stage larvae. the putative 16-kda protein has 149 amino acids and is homologous to an immunodominant hypodermal antigen (iha16) from ancylostoma caninum (identities = 57%). in this paper, we cloned the gene and purified the recombinant ac16 (rac16) protein. real-time quantitative pcr revealed that ac16 was ...	2011	22146998
Pharmacokinetics of spinosad and milbemycin oxime administered in combination and separately per os to dogs.	Holmstrom, S. D., Totten, M. L., Newhall, K. B., Qiao, M., Riggs, K. L. Pharmacokinetics of spinosad and milbemycin oxime administered in combination and separately per os to dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01333.x. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were conducted to determine the potential PK interactions when spinosad and milbemycin oxime (MBO) are administered simultaneously. Investigations used commercial MBO tablets (C-MBO; Interceptor(®) Flavor Tabs, active ingred ...	2011	21895692
Utility of capsule endoscopy for evaluating anthelmintic efficacy in fully conscious dogs.	The current accepted standard for evaluating the efficacy of gastrointestinal anthelmintic drugs is necropsy of infected animals followed by a comparison of worm counts between treated and non-treated groups. In this study capsule endoscopy, a minimally invasive method of imaging the small intestine of humans, is evaluated as a possible alternative to necropsy for the purposes of worm quantification in dogs. Eighteen Beagle dogs were included in this study. These dogs were part of a separate tri ...	2011	22075243
seroepidemiological survey of helminthic parasites of stray dogs in sari city, northern iran.	the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of helminthic parasites in stray dogs' population especially zoonotic infections and to identify potential risk factors in the different areas of sari city in caspian area, north of iran. during the period from april to september 2007, 50 stray dogs were collected from urban areas of sari city. recovered parasites were fixed in alcohol and stained by carmine then observed by microscope. the taxonomic study was carried out by measur ...	2011	21916265
insights into the membrane interactions of the saposin-like proteins na-slp-1 and ac-slp-1 from human and dog hookworm.	saposin-like proteins (saplips) from soil-transmitted helminths play pivotal roles in host-pathogen interactions and have a high potential as targets for vaccination against parasitic diseases. we have identified two non-orthologous saplips from human and dog hookworm, na-slp-1 and ac-slp-1, and solved their three-dimensional crystal structures. both proteins share the property of membrane binding as monitored by liposome co-pelleting assays and monolayer adsorption. neither saplip displayed any ...	2011	21991310
prevalence of selected zoonotic and vector-borne agents in dogs and cats in costa rica.	to estimate the prevalence of enteric parasites and selected vector-borne agents of dogs and cats in san isidro de el general, costa rica, fecal and serum samples were collected from animals voluntarily undergoing sterilization. each fecal sample was examined for parasites by microscopic examination after fecal flotation and for giardia and cryptosporidium using an immunofluorescence assay (ifa). giardia and cryptosporidium ifa positive samples were genotyped after pcr amplification of specific ...	2011	21846585
Confirmation of the efficacy of a combination tablet of spinosad and milbemycin oxime against naturally acquired infections of canine intestinal nematode parasites.	Four separate controlled and blinded studies were conducted to confirm the dose of spinosad and milbemycin oxime (MO) administered orally in combination to dogs for the treatment and control of naturally acquired infections of adult whipworm (Trichuris vulpis), hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) and ascarids (Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina). Dogs were allocated randomly based on pre-treatment quantitative nematode egg counts of each species of interest to one of two treatment groups of 10 or 11 ...	2011	22115944
prevalence and risk factors of giardia duodenalis in dogs from romania.	the protozoan giardia duodenalis is a mammalian-infecting parasite that produces diarrhoea and malabsorption in its hosts. a survey to investigate canine infections with g. duodenalis in romania was undertaken between june 2008 and december 2009. the objectives of the study were to (i) estimate the prevalence of infection in different dog populations (kennels, shelters, shepherd, household) using microscopy and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test kit; (ii) to ...	2011	21899952
dose confirmation and non-interference evaluations of the oral efficacy of a combination of milbemycin oxime and spinosad against the dose limiting parasites, adult cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) and hookworm (ancylostoma caninum), in dogs.	two separate controlled and blinded studies were conducted to confirm the dose and non-interference of spinosad and milbemycin oxime (mo) administered orally in combination or alone to dogs for the treatment and control of experimentally induced flea infestations (ctenocephalides felis) and adult hookworm infections (ancylostoma caninum). for each study, dogs were allocated randomly based on pre-treatment adult flea and hookworm egg counts to one of four treatment groups of 10 animals each. in e ...	2011	22226761
angiogenesis and parasitic helminth-associated neovascularization.	successful metazoan parasitism, among many other factors, requires a supply of nutrients and the removal of waste products. there is a prerequisite for a parasite-defined vasculature. the angiogenic mechanism(s) involved presumably depend on the characteristics of the tissue- and vascular system-dwelling, parasitic helminths. simplistically, 2 possibilities or a combination of both have been considered in this review. the multifactorial induction of parasitic helminth-associated neovascularizati ...	2011	21232174
ac-ap-12, a novel factor xa anticoagulant peptide from the esophageal glands of adult ancylostoma caninum.	immunoscreening an ancylostoma caninum cdna library with canine hookworm-infected dog serum resulted in the isolation of a 461 bp cdna encoding ac-ap-12, a new 9.1 kda anticoagulant peptide (100 amino acids) with 43-69% amino acid homology to other nematode anticoagulant peptides (naps) from ancylostoma hookworms. messenger rna transcription and expression of ac-ap-12 was unique to the adult stage of a. caninum. the yeast expressed recombinant ac-ap-12 demonstrated potent anticoagulant activity ...	2011	21251931
[parasitic infections of coyote, canis latrans (carnivora: canidae) in a costa rican national park and a surrounding agricultural area].	as human populations expand into wild habitats with their pets and livestock, the potential spread of disease to wildlife or vice versa increases. because, wild and domestic canids may pose as reservoirs or disseminators of infectious diseases (including parasites), coyotes (canis latrans) may also serve as indicators of ecological health. in costa rica, little information exists on coyote parasites, making research necessary to identify potential zoonotic interactions. for this reason, a survey ...	2012	23894947
neutrophil inhibitory factor selectively inhibits the endothelium-driven transmigration of eosinophils in vitro and airway eosinophilia in ova-induced allergic lung inflammation.	leukocyte adhesion molecules are involved in cell recruitment in an allergic airway response and therefore provide a target for pharmaceutical intervention. neutrophil inhibitory factor (nif), derived from canine hookworm (ancylostoma caninum), binds selectively and competes with the a-domain of cd11b for binding to icam-1. the effect of recombinant nif was investigated. intranasal administration of rnif reduced pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and th(2) cytokine pro ...	2012	23304174
intestinal and lung parasites in owned dogs and cats from central italy.	prevalence and risk factors of intestinal and lung parasites were investigated in 239 owned dogs and 81 owned cats from central italy. in 36 dogs and 20 cats found infected by nematodes, pre and post-treatment faecal egg count (fec) was also evaluated. about 31% of dogs and about 35% of cats resulted positive for at least one intestinal or lung parasitic species. helminthic, intestinal and zoonotic infections resulted prevalent in examined animals. examined dogs resulted infected by toxocara can ...	2012	23265188
rapid detection and identification of human hookworm infections through high resolution melting (hrm) analysis.	hookworm infections are still endemic in low and middle income tropical countries with greater impact on the socioeconomic and public health of the bottom billion of the world's poorest people. in this study, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) coupled with high resolution melting-curve (hrm) analysis was evaluated for an accurate, rapid and sensitive tool for species identification focusing on the five human hookworm species.	2012	22844538
morphological differentiation of eggs of ancylostoma caninum, ancylostoma tubaeforme, and ancylostoma braziliense from dogs and cats in the united states.	the establishment of cat- and dog-derived laboratory strains of ancylostoma braziliense allowed for a morphological comparison of the eggs of a. braziliense, ancylostoma caninum, and ancylostoma tubaeforme. the length, width, and perimeter were determined for images of 10 eggs each of a. braziliense from the feces of a dog infected with a canine isolate and a cat infected with a feline isolate, a. caninum from dog feces, and a. tubaeforme from cat feces. the specific identity of the eggs was ver ...	2012	22394087
obtaining an isolate of ancylostoma braziliense from dogs without the need for necropsy.	isolation of a specific ancylostoma species typically requires death of the source animal, or holding an animal long enough to collect feces after treatment, for worm recovery and identification. the reason for collecting worms is that the eggs are not easy to distinguish morphologically. in keeping with the 3 rs of laboratory animal research (reduction, refinement, replacement), the objective of this study was to obtain an isolate of ancylostoma braziliense from 1-time field-collected samples o ...	2012	22393913
epidemiological and genetic data supporting the transmission of ancylostoma ceylanicum among human and domestic animals.	currently, information on species-specific hookworm infection is unavailable in malaysia and is restricted worldwide due to limited application of molecular diagnostic tools. given the importance of accurate identification of hookworms, this study was conducted as part of an ongoing molecular epidemiological investigation aimed at providing the first documented data on species-specific hookworm infection, associated risk factors and the role of domestic animals as reservoirs for hookworm infecti ...	2012	22347515
detailed transcriptome description of the neglected cestode taenia multiceps.	the larval stage of taenia multiceps, a global cestode, encysts in the central nervous system (cns) of sheep and other livestock. this frequently leads to their death and huge socioeconomic losses, especially in developing countries. this parasite can also cause zoonotic infections in humans, but has been largely neglected due to a lack of diagnostic techniques and studies. recent developments in next-generation sequencing provide an opportunity to explore the transcriptome of t. multiceps.	2012	23049872
cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the small gtpase gene cdc-42 from ancylostoma caninum.	cdc-42 is a member of the rho gtpase subfamily that is involved in many signaling pathways, including mitosis, cell polarity, cell migration and cytoskeleton remodeling. here, we present the first characterization of a full-length cdna encoding the small gtpase cdc-42, designated as accdc-42, isolated from the parasitic nematode ancylostoma caninum. the encoded protein contains 191 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 21 kda and displays a high level of identity with the rho- ...	2012	23000556
high prevalence of intestinal infections and ectoparasites in dogs, minas gerais state (southeast brazil).	in the present study, 155 dogs euthanized by the zoonotic disease unit of uberlândia in minas gerais state (southeast brazil) were autopsied. ectoparasites were collected, and the intestinal content of dogs was systematically examined for the presence of helminthic parasites. in total, we isolated 5,155 metazoan parasites of eight species (three intestinal helminth species, five ectoparasite species). the cestode dipylidium caninum was present in 57 dogs (36.8 %), the nematodes ancylostoma canin ...	2012	22825284
sensitivity of double centrifugation sugar fecal flotation for detecting intestinal helminths in coyotes (canis latrans).	fecal analysis is commonly used to estimate prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminths in wild carnivores, but few studies have assessed the reliability of fecal flotation compared to analysis of intestinal tracts. we investigated sensitivity of the double centrifugation sugar fecal flotation and kappa agreement between fecal flotation and postmortem examination of intestines for helminths of coyotes (canis latrans). we analyzed 57 coyote carcasses that were collected between october 2010 ...	2012	22740537
prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in malaysia.	canine hookworm infection is endemic in southeast asian countries with a prevalence ranging from 70% to 100%, with zoonotic transmission representing a potentially significant public health concern. however, there are limited data available on the prevalence of canine hookworms in malaysia. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hookworm and ancylostoma species among dogs in malaysia.	2012	22564445
serine protease inhibitors of parasitic helminths.	serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a superfamily of structurally conserved proteins that inhibit serine proteases and play key physiological roles in numerous biological systems such as blood coagulation, complement activation and inflammation. a number of serpins have now been identified in parasitic helminths with putative involvement in immune regulation and in parasite survival through interference with the host immune response. this review describes the serpins and smapins (small seri ...	2012	22310379
molecular detection of ancylostoma duodenale, ancylostoma ceylanicum, and necator americanus in humans in northeastern and southern thailand.	the 2 principal species of hookworms infecting humans are necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale. case studies on zoonotic hookworm infections with ancylostoma ceylanicum and/or ancylostoma caninum are known mainly from asian countries. of these 2 zoonotic species, only a. ceylanicum can develop to adulthood in humans. in the present study, we report a molecular-based survey of human hookworm infections present in southern and northeastern thailand. thirty larval hookworm samples were obta ...	2013	24516284
first report of ancylostoma ceylanicum in wild canids.	the parasitic nematode ancylostoma ceylanicum is common in dogs, cats and humans throughout asia, inhabiting the small intestine and possibly leading to iron-deficient anaemia in those infected. it has previously been discovered in domestic dogs in australia and this is the first report of a. ceylanicum in wild canids. wild dogs (dingoes and dingo hybrids) killed in council control operations (n = 26) and wild dog scats (n = 89) were collected from the wet tropics region around cairns, far north ...	2013	24533332
evaluation of parasitological and immunological aspects of acute infection by ancylostoma caninum and ancylostoma braziliense in mixed-breed dogs.	this study compared the course of infection by ancylostoma caninum and ancylostoma braziliense in mixed-breed dogs infected with l3 larvae. dogs infected with a. caninum eliminated more eggs than did those infected with a. braziliense. a total of 38 % of a. caninum and 44 % of a. braziliense larvae were recovered as adult worms. there were no marked clinical abnormalities in dogs with either infection. a. caninum was associated with anemia and an increased number of circulating neutrophils, wher ...	2013	23494155
molecular identification of ancylostoma caninum isolated from cats in southern china based on complete its sequence.	ancylostoma caninum is a blood-feeding parasitic intestinal nematode which infects dogs, cats, and other mammals throughout the world. a highly sensitive and species-specific pcr-rflp technique was utilised to detect the prevalence of a. caninum in cats in guangzhou, southern china. of the 102 fecal samples examined, the prevalence of a. caninum in cats was 95.1% and 83.3% using pcr-rflp and microscopy, respectively. among them, the prevalence of single hookworm infection with a. caninum was 54. ...	2013	24175305
ancylostoma ceylanicum, a re-emerging but neglected parasitic zoonosis.	although ancylostoma ceylanicum is known to be an endemic and widely distributed hookworm of dogs and cats in asia, its contribution to human morbidity as a potentially zoonotic hookworm remains largely unexplored. since its discovery by lane (1913) as a 'new parasite' of humans a century ago, the hookworm has been regarded as a 'rare' and 'abnormal' parasite and largely overlooked in surveys of human parasites. recent molecular-based surveys in asia, however, have demonstrated that a. ceylanicu ...	2013	23968813
[prevalence of echinococcus granulosus determined with polymerase chain reaction in dogs in aydın district].	in this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of e. granulosus in the aydın district.	2013	23955903
a coprological survey of intestinal helminthes in stray dogs captured in osaka prefecture, japan.	this study aimed to investigate intestinal helminth infection in stray dogs in osaka prefecture by surveying coprological samples from dogs captured from 2006-2011. of 212 fecal samples collected, overall prevalence of infection was 39.2%. the most common species was toxocara canis (25.0%), followed by trichuris vulpis (8.0%), spirometra erinaceieuropaei (3.3%), taeniidae (2.4%), ancylostoma caninum (1.9%) and toxascaris leonine (0.5%). in the molecular analysis, all of the taeniid eggs were neg ...	2013	23774027
efficacy of emodepside plus toltrazuril oral suspension for dogs (procox®, bayer) against trichuris vulpis in naturally infected dogs.	the efficacy of emodepside plus toltrazuril oral suspension for dogs (procox®, bayer) against trichuris vulpis was evaluated in a controlled, blinded and randomised laboratory study. twenty naturally infected dogs were included. dogs in the treatment group received the minimum therapeutic dose of 0.45 mg emodepside and 9 mg toltrazuril per kg body weight, while dogs in the control group were left untreated. efficacy was calculated based on worm counts after necropsy on day 7 post treatment. addi ...	2013	23756961
a sensitive and specific pcr assay for the detection of baylisascaris schroederi eggs in giant panda feces.	baylisascaris schroederi is one of the most common intestinal nematodes in giant pandas. it can cause severe baylisascariasis which is highly infectious in its natural hosts. a rapid and reliable diagnosis of parasite infections is crucial to protect giant pandas, as well as for environmental monitoring and disease surveillance. here, we established a specific pcr assay for b. schroederi detection which was targeting a 331-bp long fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit ii (co ...	2013	23688803
comparison of ancylostoma caninum worm counts acquired by endoscopy and necropsy.	many regulatory agencies require that the efficacy of veterinary anthelmintic medications be evaluated by enumerating parasites in treated and untreated animals after necropsy. current ethical considerations, i.e., the 3 rs of research, call for the replacement of this method with less invasive techniques that would not require animal sacrifice. this study tested standard gastrointestinal endoscopy as an in vivo method of quantifying the intestinal hookworm, ancylostoma caninum. worm counts were ...	2013	23601667
hookworm excretory/secretory products induce interleukin-4 (il-4)+ il-10+ cd4+ t cell responses and suppress pathology in a mouse model of colitis.	evidence from human studies and mouse models shows that infection with parasitic helminths has a suppressive effect on the pathogenesis of some inflammatory diseases. recently, we and others have shown that some of the suppressive effects of hookworms reside in their excretory/secretory (es) products. here, we demonstrate that es products of the hookworm ancylostoma caninum (aces) suppress intestinal pathology in a model of chemically induced colitis. this suppression was associated with potent ...	2013	23545299
molecular and biological diagnostic tests for monitoring benzimidazole resistance in human soil-transmitted helminths.	in endemic countries with soil-transmitted helminths mass drug administration with albendazole or mebendazole are being implemented as a control strategy. however, it is well known in veterinary helminths that the use of the same benzimidazole drugs can place selection on the β-tubulin gene, leading to resistance. given the concern that resistance could arise in human soil-transmitted helminths, there is an urgent need to develop accurate diagnostic tools for monitoring resistance. in this study ...	2013	23458960
the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites of stray and refuge dogs in four locations in india.	a gastrointestinal parasite survey of 411 stray and refuge dogs sampled from four geographical and climactically distinct locations in india revealed these animals to represent a significant source of environmental contamination for parasites that pose a zoonotic risk to the public. hookworms were the most commonly identified parasite in dogs in sikkim (71.3%), mumbai (48.8%) and delhi (39.1%). in ladakh, which experiences harsh extremes in climate, a competitive advantage was observed for paras ...	2014	25139393
identification of angiostrongylus cantonensis and other nematodes using the ssu rdna in achatina fulica populations of metro manila.	angiostrongylus cantonensis is a parasitic nematode that causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans. accidental infection occurs by consumption of contaminated intermediates, such as the giant african land snail, achatina fulica. this study surveyed the presence of a. cantonensis juveniles in a. fulica populations from 12 sites in metropolitan manila, philippines using the ssu rdna. fourteen distinct sequences from 226 nematodes were obtained; of these, two matched a. cantonensis and ancylostoma c ...	2014	25134902