Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| recent advances in the treatment of severe melioidosis. | for the last decade, high-dose intravenous ceftazidime has been the drug of choice for the treatment of severe melioidosis, after ceftazidime was shown to be superior to the 'conventional' four-drug regimen (chloramphenicol, doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) in a randomised trial. combination ceftazidime-trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was compared with the conventional regimen in a separate trial with similar results, but we still do not know whether such combination therapy is nee ... | 2000 | 10674641 |
| antimicrobial resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | four strains of burkholderia pseudomallei were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) and time-kill curves with 13 single antimicrobial agents: ceftazidime, piperacillin, imipenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline, cotrimoxazole, kanamycin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and meropenem. the time-kill studies were also performed with 33 pairs of combinations of the above antimicrobial ag ... | 2000 | 10674642 |
| neurological melioidosis. | neurological abnormalities have long been recognised in animals with melioidosis, including laboratory rodents and sheep in the first australian outbreak in 1949. autopsies in animals have shown microabscesses and lymphocytic infiltration to be present on occasion in the same animal, but burkholderia pseudomallei is usually able to be grown from central nervous system (cns) tissue. in humans cns melioidosis is unusual, but both macroscopic brain abscesses and encephalitis occur. there has been a ... | 2000 | 10674643 |
| animal melioidosis in australia. | melioidosis was first diagnosed in australia in sheep in 1949. while it has been considered endemic in tropical australia, there have been animal outbreaks in southwest western australia and southern queensland. infection occurs in many species, with both latency and a wide range of clinical manifestations. some species may develop melioidosis only if immunocompromised. sheep and goats are particularly susceptible, resulting in the requirement for pasteurisation of tropical commercial goat's mil ... | 2000 | 10674644 |
| ecology of burkholderia pseudomallei and the interactions between environmental burkholderia spp. and human-animal hosts. | early workers thought that melioidosis was a zoonosis with a reservoir in rodents, but we now know that burkholderia pseudomallei is a widely distributed environmental saprophyte. in northeast thailand, two thirds of paddy fields yield the organism, and 80% of children have antibodies by the time they are 4 years old. however, interpretation of these results has been complicated by the recent recognition of avirulent, antigenically cross-reacting environmental organisms for which the name b. tha ... | 2000 | 10674645 |
| multiple replicons constitute the 6.5-megabase genome of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis, a fatal tropical infectious disease endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. in order to determine the size and characteristics of the bacterial genome, the b. pseudomallei genome and genes were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the undigested, intact megabase dna, and by computational analysis of nucleotide sequences of b. pseudomallei genes which have been sequenced by several investigators and already deposi ... | 2000 | 10674646 |
| molecular phylogeny of burkholderia pseudomallei. | in terms of population structure, the species burkholderia pseudomallei contains both clonal and non-clonal elements. by indexing variation in rrna loci using the restriction endonuclease bamhi, we found that two ribotypes (types 1 and 3) are predominant in nature. ribotype 3 is prevalent in asian countries while ribotype 1 is more widespread. some disease association was suggested for 4 ribotypes and strains of ribotype 4 were markedly associated with a fatal outcome. dna macrorestriction (xbai ... | 2000 | 10674647 |
| genome fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from patients with melioidosis in thailand. | a total of 95 isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from 53 sporadic cases in thailand were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. digestion of genomic dna of all isolates by ncoi generated a macrorestriction pattern similar to that of b. pseudomallei which cannot assimilate l-arabinose. analysis using restriction enzymes spei and avrii demonstrated greater sensitivity than ncoi digestion in the differentiation of b. pseudomallei and could be used for epidemiological groupings. four clust ... | 2000 | 10674648 |
| use of multiplex pcr patterns as genetic markers for burkholderia pseudomallei. | a simple pcr-based typing method was developed to differentiate between strains of burkholderia pseudomallei. two pairs of primers, based on sequences from two specific dna probes, were used to amplify the bacterial dna by multiplex pcr. we evaluated the pcr method for epidemiological typing of b. pseudomallei and compared this with restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) methods. in rflp, the dna of b. pseudomallei was digested with hindiii an ... | 2000 | 10674649 |
| pathogenesis of and immunity to melioidosis. | while burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is becoming increasingly recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in regions to which it is endemic, no licensed vaccine preparation currently exists for immunization against the disease. therefore, one of the primary goals of our research has been to identify and characterize antigens expressed by b. pseudomallei isolates for the intended purpose of developing a vaccine construct that can be used to activel ... | 2000 | 10674650 |
| exopolysaccharides of burkholderia pseudomallei. | 2000 | 10674651 | |
| protease production by burkholderia pseudomallei and virulence in mice. | the aim of this study was to assess protease production and virulence of various burkholderia pseudomallei strains. protease activity was evaluated in filtrates from cultures grown for 50 h in tsb dialysate by azocasein hydrolysis, and expressed as absorbancy at 405 nm. virulence was assessed in 8 weeks old swiss mice, by intraperitoneal injection of 6-6 x 10(5) cfu, and the ld50 was calculated after 30 days by the method of reed and muench. the lethal activity was studied for five strains of b. ... | 2000 | 10674652 |
| shedding of lipopolysaccharide and 200-kda surface antigen during the in vitro growth of virulent ara- and avirulent ara+ burkholderia pseudomallei. | non-virulent ara+ b. pseudomallei environmental isolates differ from virulent ara- clinical isolates by their ability to assimilate l-arabinose and the absence of a 200 kda antigen on their surface. the latter, present only on the ara- isolates from either clinical or environmental origin, was recently demonstrated by its immunoreactivity with monoclonal antibody (mab) 5f8. we recently demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (lps) from both biotypes were indistinguishable from one another with rega ... | 2000 | 10674653 |
| proinflammatory cytokine mrna responses in experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection in mice. | melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease of both human and animals caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of southeast asia and northern australia. the pathogenesis of melioidosis is poorly understood. in particular, the host responses that occur following infection, and the specific host-pathogen interactions that result in the development of either acute or chronic infection are unclear. using an established murine model, we ... | 2000 | 10674654 |
| recent developments in laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis. | 2000 | 10674655 | |
| comparison of three pcr primer sets for diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis. | several sets of pcr primers have recently been developed for detection of burkholderia pseudomallei. in this report, the performance of 16s rrna gene primers (16s), rrna spacer gene primers (spacer), and 'lps' primers (lps) were compared. all primer sets were tested by pcr amplification of the same dna samples extracted from blood specimens of 46 patients from northeastern thailand, of which 29 had melioidosis based on blood culture as a gold standard. the sensitivities were 41, 35.7, and 31% wh ... | 2000 | 10674656 |
| interaction between burkholderia pseudomallei and acanthamoeba species results in coiling phagocytosis, endamebic bacterial survival, and escape. | burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease whose clinical outcomes include rapid-onset septicemia and relapsing and delayed-onset infections. like other facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens, b. pseudomallei is capable of survival in human phagocytic cells, but unlike mycobacteria, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella serovar typhimurium, the species has not been reported to survive as an endosymbiont in free-living amebae. we investigated the consequence ... | 2000 | 10678988 |
| [various genetic and molecular and biologic aspects of the melioidosis causative organism]. | 2000 | 10702990 | |
| melioidosis presenting as urinary tract infection in a previously healthy tourist. | melioidosis is a tropical disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, which is common in southeast asia and australia, but which is rarely diagnosed in scandinavia. an increasing number of cases are being reported among tourists to infected areas. we report the first finnish case of melioidosis, which presented as urinary tract infection in a previously healthy male tourist. | 2000 | 10716086 |
| differential antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in severe melioidosis. | severe melioidosis is a life-threatening, systemic bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. a prospective, randomized treatment trial was conducted in northeast thailand to compare ceftazidime (a penicillin-binding protein [pbp]-3-specific agent that causes release of large amounts of endotoxin in vitro) and imipenem (a pbp-2-specific agent that kills b. pseudomallei more rapidly but releases low amounts of endotoxin) in severe melioidosis over a 6-h time course after the first d ... | 2000 | 10720525 |
| cytokine gene expression in innately susceptible balb/c mice and relatively resistant c57bl/6 mice during infection with virulent burkholderia pseudomallei. | production of cytokines including gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is an important early-stage host response following infection with intracellular pathogens. development of immunity to these pathogens is determined to a large extent by the timing and relative level of expression of the cytokines. numerous studies have shown that early cytokine responses involving interleukin-12 (il-12) and ifn-gamma are important for resistance to intracellular pathogens, ... | 2000 | 10722599 |
| neck lumps: expect the unexpected. | 2000 | 10744094 | |
| evaluation of a new commercially available immunoglobulin m and immunoglobulin g immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of melioidosis infection. | an immunochromatographic test for the rapid determination of immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei was evaluated by using sera from bacteriologically confirmed melioidosis patients and high-risk and clinically suspected patients, along with disease control groups. the sensitivities were 100 and 93% for the igg and igm tests, respectively, while the specificity was 95% for both assays. the test was rapid and simple to perform, with results obtained in 10 min. | 2000 | 10747166 |
| endobronchial mass in a patient with burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | burkholderia pseudomallei infection, the great mimicker of infectious diseases, has protean clinical manifestations. | 2000 | 10748977 |
| serum bactericidal and inhibitory titres in the management of melioidosis. | a retrospective evaluation of the relationship between serum bactericidal and inhibitory titres and treatment outcome in 195 adult thai patients with severe melioidosis was conducted. drug regimens included ceftazidime (52% of patients), co-amoxiclav (24%), imipenem (11%) or the conventional four-drug combination (11%). pre- and 1 h post-dose serum samples were collected after 48-72 h of therapy, and serum inhibitory and bactericidal titrations determined. median post-dose titres were: bacterici ... | 2000 | 10629024 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infections. | 2000 | 10619778 | |
| subdural empyema due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | 2000 | 17322677 | |
| [pathogenicity of burkholderia pseudomallei: extracellular and surface antigen functions]. | the data of literature and the results of investigations carried out by the authors on the analysis of b. pseudomallei pathogenicity factors. they include mucoid, endotoxin, lecithinase, proteases, hemolysins, etc. in addition to fimbriae and pili, the adhesive properties of b. pseudomallei are supposed to be associated with surface capsule-like structures whose composition includes ag8. the characterization of exoproteases, hemolysins and lethal toxins is given. the virulence and immunogenicity ... | 2000 | 11210655 |
| comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and serologic tests for diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis. | for diagnosis of melioidosis, we compared polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based dna detection and three serologic methods with the culture method currently used as gold standard. the diagnostic values of the serologic methods were evaluated in 130 patients. all these patients resided in an endemic area. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) gave slightly higher specificity (86.2%) than a dot immunoassay (dot) (85.3%), but was superior to an indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) (79.8%). t ... | 2000 | 11388506 |
| atypical morphological characteristics and surface antigen expression of burkholderia pseudomallei in naturally infected human synovial tissues. | abstract burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease that frequently runs a protracted course and is very difficult to eradicate. the mechanisms that this organism uses to escape from host defense mechanisms and antibiotics are not well understood. the aim of the study was to compare the morphological characteristics and surface antigen expression of b. pseudomallei in naturally infected human synovial tissues with the characteristics of bacteria grown in culture m ... | 2000 | 24383589 |
| randomized, double-blind, controlled study of cefoperazone-sulbactam plus cotrimoxazole versus ceftazidime plus cotrimoxazole for the treatment of severe melioidosis. | we conducted a prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled study of cefoperazone-sulbactam (ratio, 1:1; cefoperazone 25 mg/kg/day) plus cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [tmp-smz] at a ratio of 80:400; tmp, 8 mg/kg/day) versus ceftazidime (100 mg/kg/day) plus cotrimoxazole (tmp, 8 mg/kg/day) for the treatment of severe melioidosis. of 219 patients enrolled in the study, 102 (47%) had culture-proven melioidosis. these patients were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups, each wit ... | 2001 | 11389491 |
| acute respiratory failure in melioidosis. | in melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, although every organ in the body may be involved, the highest mortality of 73% occurs when the respiratory system is affected. these patients invariably die of acute respiratory failure. most of them also have underlying predisposing factors like diabetes mellitus. | 2001 | 11405563 |
| interventions for treating melioidosis. | melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium (burkholderia pseudomallei) found particularly in some areas in the tropics. it is a serious condition which can be fatal. beta lactam antibiotics have dramatically reduced the risk of death, but mortality still remains high. | 2001 | 11405983 |
| ultrastructural localization of succinate dehydrogenase in some bacteria, after treatment with lubrol w1. | the localization of succinate dehydrogenase in some gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas pseudomallei, pseudomonas aeruginosa and listeria monocytogenes) treated with the surface membrane active agent, lubrol w1, was studied by a cytochemical method combined with electron microscopy. | 2001 | 11229657 |
| [immunotropic and immunogenic properties of burkholderia pseudomallei surface and membrane antigens]. | the immunotropic and immunogenic properties of some chromatographic fractions of b. pseudomallei surface antigenic complex, as well as the preparations of b. pseudomallei outer and cytoplasmic membranes, were studied. the difference between the biopolymers under study in cytotoxicity, humoral and cell-mediated immunity characteristics, phagocytic activity were established. some antigenic fractions (b, c, c1, h) showed perceptible protective activity (25-60%) in experiments on mice infected with ... | 2001 | 11236497 |
| melioidosis splenic abscess--an unusual presentation as osteomyelitis of rib. | we report an unusual case of splenic melioidosis abscess presenting as osteomyelitis. | 2001 | 11242625 |
| a family of putative kir potassium channels in prokaryotes. | prior to this report, members of the inward rectifier family, or kir, have been found only in eukaryotes. like most k+ channels, the pore-forming part of the protein is formed by four identical, or closely related, subunits. each subunit contains a transmembrane m1-p-m2 motif that is followed by a relatively large c-terminus region unique to kir's. | 2001 | 11806753 |
| an indirect elisa for the diagnosis of melioidosis. | very little information is available on melioidosis in india. this disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei is not often considered as a differential diagnosis and patients are not usually investigated for it. thus we are unaware of its prevalence in india. this study was undertaken to detect the presence of melioidosis in patients presenting with pyrexia of unknown origin (puo) using an indirect elisa. | 2001 | 11785450 |
| melioidosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in patients from endemic areas. | serious infection is a common problem in immunosuppressed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei and may present as an acute fulminant pneumonia or septicaemia that is often fatal. the organism is endemic in much of south-east asia but is being increasingly reported from other parts of the world, including india, northern australia and north and south america. in addition to occurring in people who come int ... | 2001 | 11789494 |
| septic arthritis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei: case report and review of the literature. | we describe a case of septic arthritis and bacteremia caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium that is endemic in east asia and northern australia. we believe that dissemination occurred in our patient after surgical excision of a pulmonary nodule. bacteremic melioidosis can present with musculoskeletal involvement in 2-10% of patients, but septic arthritis is uncommon. a review of the literature shows a total of 66 patients reported with septic arthritis caused by this organism. patient ... | 2001 | 17039142 |
| travel-associated burkholderia pseudomallei infection (melioidosis) in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report. | in september 1997, a 25-year-old italian woman with cystic fibrosis (cf) spent 3 weeks in thailand. in august 1998, her pulmonary function rapidly declined, with productive cough and intermittent fever. chest x-ray films revealed diffuse, small, patchy opacities in the upper lobes. burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) was isolated from specimens of the patient's sputum and was identified by means of 16s rdna sequencing. the diagnosis of melioidosis was serologically confirmed. continuous therapy with ... | 2001 | 11112669 |
| detection of bacterial virulence genes by subtractive hybridization: identification of capsular polysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei as a major virulence determinant. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is responsible for a broad spectrum of illnesses in humans and animals particularly in southeast asia and northern australia, where it is endemic. burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic environmental organism closely related to b. pseudomallei. subtractive hybridization was carried out between these two species to identify genes encoding virulence determinants in b. pseudomallei. screening of the subtraction library revealed a ... | 2001 | 11119486 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei kills the nematode caenorhabditis elegans using an endotoxin-mediated paralysis. | we investigated a non-mammalian host model system for fitness in genetic screening for virulence-attenuating mutations in the potential biowarfare agents burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei. we determined that b. pseudomallei is able to cause 'disease-like' symptoms and kill the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. analysis of killing in the surrogate disease model with b. pseudomallei mutants indicated that killing did not require lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen, aminoglycoside/mac ... | 2001 | 11422081 |
| groel encodes a highly antigenic protein in burkholderia pseudomallei. | no recombinant protein is available for serodiagnosis of melioidosis. in this study, we report the cloning of the groel gene, which encodes an immunogenic protein of burkholderia pseudomallei. bidirectional dna sequencing of groel revealed that the gene contained a single open reading frame encoding 546 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 57.1 kda. basic local alignment search tool analysis showed that the putative protein encoded by groel is homologous to the chaperonins enco ... | 2001 | 11427437 |
| production of oxalate in the culture supernate of burkholderia pseudomallei. | 2001 | 11444779 | |
| burkholderia pseudomallei virulence: definition, stability and association with clonality. | clinical presentations of melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei are protean, but the mechanisms underlying development of the different forms of disease remain poorly understood. in murine melioidosis, the level of virulence of b. pseudomallei is important in disease pathogenesis and progression. in this study, we used b. pseudomallei-susceptible balb/c mice to determine the virulence of a library of clinical and environmental b. pseudomallei isolates from australia and papua new guin ... | 2001 | 11445448 |
| diplomats in bangkok and risk of melioidosis. | 2001 | 11468118 | |
| melioidosis: a clinical model for gram-negative sepsis. | 2001 | 11478666 | |
| burkholderia pseudomallei-specific recombinant protein and its potential in the diagnosis of melioidosis. | melioidosis is an important public health problem in southeast asia and northern australia. this disease is caused by the gram-negative bacilli, burkholderia pseudomallei. wide spectra of clinical manifestations are observed in melioidosis ranging from asymptomatic to septicemic infection. although serodiagnostic methods of melioidosis have been improved significantly in recent years, a highly specific diagnostic test that can differentiate asymptomatic seropositive individuals and melioidosis p ... | 2001 | 11495298 |
| differentiation between non-virulent and virulent burkholderia pseudomallei with monoclonal antibodies to the ara+ or ara- biotypes. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a fatal tropical infectious disease endemic in southeast asia. environmental isolates of b. pseudomallei have two distinctive biotypes. some soil isolates are arabinose-assimilators (ara+ biotype) and are non-virulent in experimental animals. the others cannot assimilate arabinose (ara- biotype) and are virulent in experimental animals. the ara- biotype is found in almost all b. pseudomallei clinical isolates. in the present study, ... | 2001 | 11504398 |
| case report: recovery from persistent septicemic melioidosis. | septicemic melioidosis is often fatal despite treatment with antibiotics such as ceftazidime to which burkholderia pseudomallei, the causal pathogen, is sensitive in vitro. we report a near-fatal case of septicemic melioidosis with persistent b. pseudomallei bacteremia despite intravenous ceftazidime in which combination therapy with meropenem and ciprofloxacin, splenectomy and correction of metabolic acidosis allowed for hospital discharge. the choice of antibiotic agents was supported by intra ... | 2001 | 11504412 |
| a case of thoracic empyema due to suppurative melioidosis. | melioidosis is considered a rare disease in hong kong, and its diagnosis and treatment can be difficult. we report the case of a patient who presented with thoracic empyema. the material sampled from the empyema was initially labelled burkholderia cepacia. the diagnosis of melioidosis due to burkholderia pseudomallei could only be made after repeated cultures, and performing arginine dihydrolase and serological tests. the patient was initially treated with imipenem for 2 weeks, and then with cip ... | 2001 | 11514758 |
| paediatric melioidosis in the northern territory of australia: an expanding clinical spectrum. | the objective of this study was to present the laboratory and clinical features of the six cases of paediatric melioidosis diagnosed from 1997-2000. | 2001 | 11532051 |
| a putative type iii secretion gene cluster is widely distributed in the burkholderia cepacia complex but absent from genomovar i. | using probes constructed from ralstonia solanacearum and burkholderia pseudomallei, putative type iii secretion (tts) genes were identified in burkholderia cepacia j2315 (genomovar iii). a cosmid clone containing dna with homology to five tts genes was sub-cloned and regions were sequenced in order to design oligonucleotides for polymerase chain reaction assays. these indicated that two putative tts genes (bcscq and bcscv) were present in all members of the b. cepacia complex with the exception ... | 2001 | 11557147 |
| a cluster of melioidosis cases from an endemic region is clonal and is linked to the water supply using molecular typing of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. | nine cases of melioidosis with four deaths occurred over a 28-month period in members of a small remote aboriginal community in the top end of the northern territory of australia. typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from six of the cases to be clonal and also identical to an isolate from the community water supply, but not to soil isolates. the clonality of the isolates found in this cluster contrasts with the marked genetic diversity of human ... | 2001 | 11561699 |
| induction of multiple chemokine and colony-stimulating factor genes in experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | melioidosis is a disease of the tropics caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. in human infection, increased levels of ifn-gamma in addition to the chemokines interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (ip-10) and monocyte interferon-gamma-inducible protein (mig) have been demonstrated. however, the role of these and other chemokines in the pathogenesis of melioidosis remains unknown. using balb/c and c57bl/6 mice as models of the acute and chronic forms of human ... | 2001 | 11564157 |
| [antigen 8 biosynthesis during cultivation of burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei]. | the dynamics of the antigen 8 synthesis in burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei under conditions of their submerged was studied. differences in the intensity of this antigen synthesis in two pathogenic burkholderia species were established and the producer strains, most effective with respect to this sign, were selected. | 2001 | 11569263 |
| value of throat swab in diagnosis of melioidosis. | throat swab (ts) cultures were performed for 1,011 patients with melioidosis and 3,524 healthy subjects or patients with other diseases. the specificity of ts culture for the diagnosis of melioidosis was 100%, and the overall sensitivity was 36% (24% for sputum-negative patients and 79% for sputum-positive patients). direct plating of the ts specimen on ashdown's medium was rapid (colonies were usually evident within 24 h) but only 63% sensitive compared to the results of primary culture in a se ... | 2001 | 11574624 |
| retrospective review of febrile neutropenia in the royal darwin hospital, 1994-99. | febrile neutropenia is a life-threatening complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy. empirical antibiotic treatment should be based on predominant pathogens and epidemiological characteristics of the treated community. the aim of the present study was to review cases of febrile neutropenia at the royal darwin hospital (rdh) in order to assess the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy. | 2001 | 11584902 |
| paraplegia secondary to burkholderia pseudomallei myelitis: a case report. | bacterial infection is an uncommon cause of acute paraplegia. a 42-year-old aboriginal man presented to a remote health clinic in northern australia with myelitis associated with burkholderia pseudomallei. he was treated with analgesia and intravenous flucloxacillin, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin and transferred to our hospital, where an urgent t12-l1 laminectomy and decompression was performed. urine culture confirmed b. pseudomallei infection (melioidosis). abdominopelvic computed tomography rev ... | 2001 | 11689986 |
| fatal human melioidosis acquired in a subtropical australian city. | we describe an acute fatal human case of melioidosis acquired in ipswich, a city at 27.5 degrees s in southern queensland, south of the area traditionally considered endemic for melioidosis in australia. molecular typing revealed that this patient isolate was genetically distinct from 2 other human and 1 bovine isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from the same region and from 4 tropical northern australian strains. this finding suggests that if b. pseudomallei has been introduced to the region ... | 2001 | 11693877 |
| retrospective study on the diagnostic value of igg elisa, dot immunoassay and indirect hemagglutination in septicemic melioidosis. | three serological methods for diagnosis of melioidosis were compared with the culture method currently used as the "gold standard". the diagnostic values of the serological methods were evaluated retrospectively in 306 patients residing in an endemic area. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using affinity purified antigen for detecting specific igg antibody, showed a slightly higher specificity (86.0%) than the dot immunoassay (dot) (84.0%) and both were superior to indirect hemagglu ... | 2001 | 11699719 |
| ribotyping of burkholderia pseudomallei from clinical and soil isolates in thailand. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil saprophyte that causes melioidosis in humans and animals. restriction fragment length polymorphism of the ribosomal dna regions (ribotyping) were analyzed in 577 isolates comprising 371 clinical and 206 soil isolates collected throughout thailand in 1997. a total of 77 distinct ribotype patterns consisting of 2-9 bands with sizes ranging from 2.8 to >23 kb were found. twelve major ribotypes were identified of which types 3, 8 and 23 were commonly found (278/57 ... | 2001 | 11700181 |
| melioidosis: an emerging tropical health problem. | 2001 | 11718367 | |
| a second type iii secretion system in burkholderia pseudomallei: who is the real culprit? | 2001 | 11739751 | |
| chronic melioidosis in a patient with cystic fibrosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia, where it can be found in soil and surface water. we report a case of chronic pulmonary melioidosis in a patient with cystic fibrosis who had traveled to an area where b. pseudomallei is endemic. | 2001 | 11283117 |
| capsule essential for fatal tropical disease pathogen. | 2001 | 11286767 | |
| cloning and characterisation of male in burkholderia pseudomallei. | no recombinant protein is available for serodiagnosis or skin test in the diagnosis of melioidosis. this report describes the cloning of the male gene, which encodes an immunogenic protein of burkholderia pseudomallei. bi-directional dna sequencing of male revealed that the gene contained a single open reading frame encoding 416 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 44.4 kda. blast analysis showed that the putative protein encoded by male is homologous to the maltose-binding pro ... | 2001 | 11289518 |
| mother-to-child transmission of burkholderia pseudomallei. | 2001 | 11302149 | |
| the burkholderia cepacia fur gene: co-localization with omla and absence of regulation by iron. | the ferric uptake regulator (fur) functions as a transcription repressor of many genes in bacteria in response to iron, but the presence of a functional equivalent of this protein has not been demonstrated in burkholderia cepacia. a segment of the burkholderia pseudomallei fur gene was amplified using degenerate primers and used to identify chromosomal restriction fragments containing the entire fur genes of b. cepacia and b. pseudomallei. these fragments were cloned and sequenced, revealing the ... | 2001 | 11320133 |
| multidrug efflux pumps and antimicrobial resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa and related organisms. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen characterized by an innate resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. a major contribution to this intrinsic multidrug resistance is provided by a number of broadly-specific multidrug efflux systems, including mexab-oprm and mexxy-oprm. in addition, these and two additional tripartite efflux systems, mexcd-oprj and mexef-oprn, promote acquired multidrug resistance as a result of mutational hyperexpression of the efflux genes. in additio ... | 2001 | 11321581 |
| separation of 6-deoxy-heptan [correction of 6-deoxy-heptane] from a smooth-type lipopolysaccharide preparation of burkholderia pseudomallei. | smooth-type lipopolysaccharide (lps) of burkholderia pseudomallei has been reported to contain two kinds of o-antigenic polysaccharides, a 1,3-linked homopolymer of 6-deoxy-heptose and a polymer with a repeating unit of -->3)-glucose-(1-->3)-6-deoxy-talose-(1--> with o-acetyl or o-methyl modifications. a lps preparation containing these two polysaccharides was separated by gel-permeation chromatography in this study. chemical analysis of the separated fractions revealed the 6-deoxy-heptan [corre ... | 2001 | 11356562 |
| clinics in diagnostic imaging (57). melioidotic prostatic abscess. | a 46-year-old previously healthy man presented with urosepsis and lower urinary tract obstruction. both urine and blood cultures grew burkholderia pseudomallei. intravenous ceftazidime failed to control the infection. prostatic abscess formation was first detected by transrectal ultrasonography, and the extent was subsequently delineated by computed tomography. the abscess was drained by transurethral resection, which served to eradicate a possible persistent focus of infection. the diagnosis an ... | 2001 | 11361238 |
| identification of a burkholderia mallei polysaccharide gene cluster by subtractive hybridization and demonstration that the encoded capsule is an essential virulence determinant. | little is known about the virulence factors of burkholderia mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders. we employed subtractive hybridization to identify genetic determinants present in b. mallei but not in burkholderia thailandensis, a non-pathogenic soil microbe. three subtractive hybridization products were mapped to a genetic locus encoding proteins involved in the biosynthesis, export and translocation of a capsular polysaccharide. we identified an insertion sequence (is 407 a) at one end of t ... | 2001 | 11373120 |
| melioidosis: an emerging infection in taiwan? | from january 1982 to may 2000, 17 infections caused by burkholderia pseudomallei were diagnosed in 15 patients in taiwan; almost all the infections were diagnosed from 1994 to may 2000. of the 15 patients, 9 (60%) had underlying diseases, and 10 (67%) had bacteremic pneumonia. thirteen (76%) episodes of infection were considered indigenous. four patients died of melioidosis. seventeen b. pseudomallei isolates, recovered from eight patients from november 1996 to may 2000, were analyzed to determi ... | 2001 | 11384520 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei interferes with inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) production: a possible mechanism of evading macrophage killing. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis, a life threatening disease which affects humans and animals in tropical and subtropical areas. this bacterium is known to survive and multiply inside cells such as macrophages. the mechanism of host defense against this bacterium is still unknown. in this study, we demonstrated that b. pseudomallei exhibited unique macrophage activation activity compared with escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. the mouse macrophage cell line (raw ... | 2001 | 11386421 |
| bystander activation of cd8+ t cells contributes to the rapid production of ifn-gamma in response to bacterial pathogens. | the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei causes a life-threatening disease called melioidosis. in vivo experiments in mice have identified that a rapid ifn-gamma response is essential for host survival. to identify the cellular sources of ifn-gamma, spleen cells from uninfected mice were stimulated with b. pseudomallei in vitro and assayed by elisa and flow cytometry. costaining for intracellular ifn-gamma vs cell surface markers demonstrated that nk cells and, more surprisingly, cd8(+) t cells w ... | 2001 | 11145690 |
| identification of the acid phosphatase (acpa) gene homologues in pathogenic and non-pathogenic burkholderia spp. facilitates tnphoa mutagenesis. | burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei are pathogens responsible for disease in both humans and animals. burkholderia thailandensis, while phylogenetically similar, is considered avirulent in comparison. these three species exhibit phosphatase activity when grown on media containing chromogenic substrates such as 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (xp). tn5-ot182 mutagenesis has been utilized to isolate mutants of b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis unable to hydrolyse xp. sequence ... | 2001 | 11160805 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of burkholderia pseudomallei from tropical northern australia and implications for therapy of melioidosis. | from a prospective melioidosis study commencing in 1989 at royal darwin hospital, 170 initial isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei were available for susceptibility testing. of these 163 (96%) were susceptible to meropenem/imipenem, ceftazidime, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (smx/tmp) and doxycycline. seven (4%) showed primary resistance; three had low-level resistance to smx/tmp, one to ceftriaxone and amoxycillin/clavulanate (amox/ca) and three to doxycycline. of 167 patients who survived th ... | 2001 | 11165114 |
| study on the pathophysiology of experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection in mice. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiological agent of melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease occurring in man and animals. the aim of this study was to investigate the pathophysiological course of experimental melioidosis, and to identify the target organs, in an animal model. for this purpose swiss mice were infected intraperitoneally with the virulent strain b. pseudomallei 6068. the bacterial load of various organs was quantified daily by bacteriological analysis and by an enzyme-linked imm ... | 2001 | 11172992 |
| detection of immunoglobulins m and g using culture filtrate antigen of burkholderia pseudomallei. | igm and igg based elisa systems were developed using the culture filtrate antigen (cfa) of burkholderia pseudomallei. the assays were evaluated using 95 sera from 66 septicemic cases and 47 sera from 20 cases with localized melioidosis. in addition 65 sera from culture negative cases that were also serologically negative for other endemic infections clinically suspected of melioidosis were included. these were compared with sera from 260 non-melioidosis cases, 169 sera from individuals with high ... | 2001 | 11173184 |
| melioidosis and pandora's box in the lao people's democratic republic. | melioidosis has not been recognized previously in laos, but within months of starting a prospective study of community acquired septicemia in vientiane, 2 patients with melioidosis were identified. one was a previously healthy, 44-year-old female rice farmer who presented with supraclavicular lymphadenitis and the other was a 74-year-old man with diabetes and renal calculi who was receiving corticosteroids and had septicemia and septic arthritis. | 2001 | 11181133 |
| distribution of immunoglobulin classes and igg subclasses against a culture filtrate antigen of burkholderia pseudomallei in melioidosis patients. | the class and subclass distribution of antibody response to the culture filtrate antigen (cfa) of burkholderia pseudomallei was examined in the sera of 45 septicaemic and 17 localised melioidosis cases and 40 cases clinically suspected of melioidosis and the results were compared with those from high-risk and healthy control groups. the geometric mean titre index (gmti) values for all classes and subclasses of immunoglobulins examined were higher for sera from the proven and clinically suspected ... | 2001 | 11192506 |
| melioidosis of the head and neck. | melioidosis is a potentially deadly infection that can affect any organ system. reports of melioidosis of the ent/head and neck region are relatively uncommon. four cases are presented: (i) parotid abscess evolving into necrotising fasciitis, (ii) acute sinusitis and parapharyngeal cellulitis resulting in upper airway obstruction, (iii) acute suppurative lymphadenitis (iv) and chronic suppurative otitis media causing meningoencephalitis. three of the four cases are believed to be unique, as a li ... | 2001 | 12014768 |
| activity of five fluoroquinolones against 71 isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | 2002 | 12039903 | |
| a liquid-based method for the assessment of bacterial pathogenicity using the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. | caenorhabditis elegans has previously been used as an alternative to mammalian models of infection with bacterial pathogens. we have developed a liquid-based assay to measure the effect of bacteria on the feeding ability of c. elegans. using this assay we have shown that pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa14, burkholderia pseudomallei and yersinia pestis were able to inhibit feeding of c. elegans strain n2. an increase in sensitivity of the assay was achieved by using c. elegans mutant phm-2, in pl ... | 2002 | 12044672 |
| analogous cytokine responses to burkholderia pseudomallei strains contrasting in virulence correlate with partial cross-protection in immunized mice. | cytokine mrna levels were assessed in burkholderia pseudomallei-susceptible balb/c mice and b. pseudomallei-resistant c57bl/6 mice following administration of a sublethal dose of less virulent (lv) b. pseudomallei, a candidate immunogen tested for protection against a highly virulent (hv) challenge. compared on the basis of the bacterial loads, the cytokine patterns induced by hv and lv b. pseudomallei were similar, involving gamma interferon, interleukin-10, and other cytokines. partial cross-p ... | 2002 | 12065542 |
| characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei infection and identification of novel virulence factors using a caenorhabditis elegans host system. | the environmental saphrophyte burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a systemic, potentially life-threatening condition endemic to many parts of south-east asia and northern australia. we have used the soil nematode caenorhabditis elegans as a model host to characterize the mechanisms by which this bacterium mounts a successful infection. we find that c. elegans is susceptible to a broad range of burkholderia species, and that the virulence mechanisms used by this patho ... | 2002 | 12068805 |
| burkholderia thailandensis e125 harbors a temperate bacteriophage specific for burkholderia mallei. | burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic gram-negative bacillus that is closely related to burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. we found that b. thailandensis e125 spontaneously produced a bacteriophage, termed phie125, which formed turbid plaques in top agar containing b. mallei atcc 23344. we examined the host range of phie125 and found that it formed plaques on b. mallei but not on any other bacterial species tested, including b. thailandensis and b. pseudomallei. examinati ... | 2002 | 12081973 |
| primary melioidotic prostatic abscess: presentation, diagnosis and management. | in south-east asia and northern australia, melioidosis (infection with burkholderia pseudomallei) is a known cause of severe community-acquired sepsis. however, melioidosis presenting primarily as prostatic abscesses is very rare. | 2002 | 12121159 |
| characterisation of an acapsular mutant of burkholderia pseudomallei identified by signature tagged mutagenesis. | a burkholderia pseudomallei mutant which was attenuated in a mouse model of melioidosis was identified by a signature tagged mutagenesis approach. the transposon was shown to be inserted into a gene within the capsular biosynthetic operon. compared with the wild-type bacteria this mutant demonstrated a 10(5)-fold increase in the median lethal dose in a mouse model and it did not react with a monoclonal antibody against high mol. wt polysaccharide of b. pseudomallei. to determine the kinetics of ... | 2002 | 12132769 |
| demonstration of a cell-mediated immune response in melioidosis. | melioidosis is a bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the aim of this study was to determine whether a cell-mediated adaptive immune response against b. pseudomallei developed in patients who had recovered from melioidosis. lymphocyte proliferation assays were done on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients (n=13) and control subjects (n=10) to determine the lymphocyte response to b. pseudomallei antigens. production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 was also de ... | 2002 | 12134268 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infections. | 2002 | 12139165 | |
| cutaneous melioidosis. | melioidosis is a rare tropical disease caused by infection with the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. it occurs predominantly in south-east asia, northern and central australia and central and south america. patients often present to the internal medicine physicians with a severe, potentially fatal sepsis. we report three patients who presented to our dermatology department with cutaneous melioidosis. | 2002 | 12139670 |
| a simple method to detect and differentiate burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis using specific flagellin gene primers. | we have previously shown that burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative pathogen of melioidosis, may be discriminated from the closely related non-pathogenic species burkholderia thailandensis by the presence of a 15 base pair deletion in the flagellin gene of b. thailandensis. using specific flagellin gene primers flanking the distinctive region, pcr products of 191 and 176 bp in size were detected for b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis, respectively. the sensitivity of detection is 20-80 colo ... | 2002 | 12144773 |
| peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in acute human melioidosis. | 2002 | 12172754 | |
| [cloning and expression of 7.55 kb kpni fragment of burkholderia pseudomallei ppm1 plasmid in escherichia coli]. | bamhi, sali, psti, and kpni fragments of ppm1 (b. pseudomallei 12.95 kb plasmid) were cloned in e. coli. the recombinant clones carrying a 7.55 kb kpni fragment of ppm1 were highly resistant to several aminoglycosides (streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamycin) and fluoroguinolones (perfloxacin, ofloxacin). two outer membrane proteins (23 and 27 kda) absent in e. coli and capable to form 120 kda oligomer complex were detected by the western blot method in the strain carrying recombinant ps19 plasm ... | 2002 | 12180019 |
| a mutant of burkholderia pseudomallei, auxotrophic in the branched chain amino acid biosynthetic pathway, is attenuated and protective in a murine model of melioidosis. | using a transposon mutagenesis approach, we have identified a mutant of burkholderia pseudomallei that is auxotrophic for branched chain amino acids. the transposon was shown to have interrupted the ilvi gene encoding the large subunit of the acetolactate synthase enzyme. compared to the wild type, this mutant was significantly attenuated in a murine model of disease. mice inoculated intraperitoneally with the auxotrophic mutant, 35 days prior to challenge, were protected against a challenge dos ... | 2002 | 12183585 |
| phage display of recombinant antibodies toward burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin. | we have used the phagemid pcomb3h to construct recombinant phages displaying the single chain variable fragment (scfv) towards exotoxin of burkholderia pseudomallei. variable heavy and light chain fragments were amplified from the hybridoma 6e6a8f3b line, with a wide spectrum of primers specific to mouse antibody genes. through overlapping extension polymerase chain reaction, the heavy and light chain fragments were linked to form the scfv which was subsequently cloned into the phage display vec ... | 2002 | 12186782 |
| comparison of rapid, automated ribotyping and dna macrorestriction analysis of burkholderia pseudomallei. | an automated ribotyping device (riboprinter) was used to determine the ribotypes of a collection of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. in a preliminary evaluation with the restriction enzymes bamhi and ecori, the protocol with ecori was more discriminating. the reproducibilities of the ribotypes obtained with ecori (ecori ribotypes) were determined by testing three levels of bacterial loads. the performance of the manufacturer's software was assessed by comparing the machine-optimized ribotypes ... | 2002 | 12202553 |