Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| neurosyphilis and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection. | 1992 | 1580801 | |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection and fusion of cd4-negative human cell lines: induction and enhancement by soluble cd4. | we describe human immunodeficiency type 2 (hiv-2) strains which induce cell-to-cell fusion and infect certain cd4- human cell lines. soluble cd4 (scd4) induces or enhances fusion by most hiv-2 strains tested. soluble cd4-immunoglobulin g chimeras and conjugates of scd4 and antibody to the third domain of cd4 block hiv-2 fusion of cd4- cells. we conclude that hiv-2 can enter cd4- cells via an alternative cell surface receptor to cd4. while some strains entered efficiently, others retained a depen ... | 1992 | 1583722 |
| cytoplasmic domain truncation enhances fusion activity by the exterior glycoprotein complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in selected cell types. | to investigate the glycoprotein determinants of viral cytopathology, we constructed chimeric env genes between a noncytopathic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2), designated hiv-2/st, and a highly fusogenic and cytopathic variant derived from this virus. expression of the resulting chimeric glycoproteins indicated that efficient syncytium formation in the human t-cell line sup t1 mapped to the c-terminal region of the transmembrane (tm) glycoprotein subunit. in this region, th ... | 1992 | 1583738 |
| replication of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in human bone marrow cultures. | the bone marrow is a target organ for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), but the mechanisms by which suppression of hematopoiesis occurs during the course of hiv infection are not well understood. to study this issue, the effect of several different hiv-1 isolates (monotrophic and lymphotrophic) and one hiv-2 isolate on in vitro colony formation by bfu-e and cfu-gm from normal human marrow were examined. the monotrophic strain ad-87 (m) failed to replicate in marrow cultures as documented b ... | 1992 | 1585651 |
| chemical synthesis of a biotinylated derivative of the simian immunodeficiency virus protease. purification by avidin affinity chromatography and autocatalytic activation. | the protease from simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) was chemically synthesized by automated solid-phase technology as an nh2-terminally extended derivative, capped with biotin. biotin-linker-(siv protease (1-99)): the linker segment, gly-gly-asp-arg-gly-phe-ala-ala, corresponds to the amino acid sequence preceding that of the protease in the siv gag/pol precursor polyprotein. accordingly, the ala-pro bond joining the octapeptide linker to the protease constitutes a site naturally cleaved by th ... | 1992 | 1587812 |
| localization by immunogold labelling of hiv-1 structural proteins on lowicryl embedded hiv-1 infected cell ultrathin sections. | using several hiv-1-specific antibodies and the immunogold labelling technique, we have detected and localized distinct viral proteins on ultrathin sections of hiv-1 infected cells embedded in the lowicryl k4m resin. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against p24, p17 and gp160/gp41 showed a preferential labelling on viral formations still attached to the cell membrane (budding process) or free in the extracellular space. the anti-p24 and the anti-p17 mab yielded a gold labelling not only on mature bu ... | 1992 | 1600507 |
| comparative analysis of rev function in human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. | the rev proteins of the related but distinct human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) display incomplete functional reciprocity. one possible explanation for this observation is that hiv-2 rev is unable to interact with the hiv-1 rev-response element (rre1). however, an analysis of the biological activity of chimeric proteins derived from hiv-1 and hiv-2 rev reveals that this target specificity does not map to the rev rna binding domain but is instead primarily determined by ... | 1992 | 1602545 |
| role of the fusogenic peptide sequence in syncytium induction and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | syncytium induction is a characteristic feature of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in vitro. the hydrophobic amino terminus of the transmembrane glycoprotein of hiv type 1 is an essential determinant of virus entry into the target cell population and the formation of syncytia in cell culture. to define the role of the hiv type 2 fusion peptide during infection and syncytium formation, we introduced 8 amino acid substitutions into the hydrophobic amino terminus of gp41, changing e ... | 1992 | 1602558 |
| in vivo genetic variability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 v3 region. | the principal neutralizing epitope of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) lies between two invariant cysteines in the third variable region (v3) of the viral envelope (gp120), and its amino acid sequence varies among different hiv-1 isolates. hiv-2 carries an analogous amino acid sequence between two cysteines of the v3 regions, but its functional similarity with the hiv-1 principal neutralizing epitope is uncertain. we studied the degree of genetic variation of the hiv-2 v3 region i ... | 1992 | 1602560 |
| potent and selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and hiv-2 replication by a class of bicyclams interacting with a viral uncoating event. | a series of bicyclams have been shown to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the compounds are inhibitory to the replication of various hiv-1 and hiv-2 strains in various human t-cell systems, including peripheral blood lymphocytes, at 0.14-1.4 microm, without being toxic to the host cells at 2.2 mm. the bicyclam jm2763 is active against 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine; azt)-resistant hiv-1 strains and acts additively with azt. mechanism of action stu ... | 1992 | 1608936 |
| vaccine protection of chimpanzees against challenge with hiv-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | because human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) can be transmitted as cell-free virus or as infected cells (cell-associated virus), vaccines must protect against infection by both viral forms. vaccine-mediated protection of nonhuman primates against low doses of cell-free hiv-1, hiv-2, or simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) has been demonstrated. it is now shown that multiple immunizations of chimpanzees with hiv-1 antigens protected against infection with cell-associated virus. protection can persis ... | 1992 | 1609280 |
| simple and efficient production of the core antigens of hiv-1, hiv-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus using pgex expression vectors in escherichia coli. | 1992 | 1616646 | |
| variability of hiv infections. | genetic variation is the hallmark of infections with lentiviruses in general and the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2) in particular. this article reviews both experimental evidence for the variability of the hiv genome during the course of an individual infection and mathematical models that outline the potential importance of antigenic variation as a major factor to drive disease progression. the essential idea is that the virus evades immune pressure by the continuous production o ... | 1992 | 1619947 |
| infection of macaca nemestrina by human immunodeficiency virus type-1. | after observations that macaca nemestrina were exceptionally susceptible to simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2), studies of hiv-1 replication were initiated. several strains of hiv-1, including a recent patient isolate, replicated in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and in cd4-positive m. nemestrina lymphocytes in a cd4-dependent fashion. eight animals were subsequently inoculated with either cell-associated or cell-free suspensions of ... | 1992 | 1621083 |
| detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) in blood donor sera using united states assay methods for anti-hiv type 1. | twelve serum samples from french blood donors that were uniformly reactive in tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (anti-hiv-2) also were reactive in 92 to 100 percent of tests with three anti-hiv type 1 (anti-hiv-1) enzyme-linked immunoassays currently in widespread use for donor screening in the united states. supplemental tests for anti-hiv-1 on these anti-hiv-2-reactive samples differed in their responses. all samples reacted in a licensed anti-hiv-1 western blot, but th ... | 1992 | 1626342 |
| compliance with infection control procedures among california orthodontists. | we conducted a survey of a random sample of california orthodontists and of general dentists to compare their infection control procedures. questionnaires were returned by 124 orthodontists (56% response rate) and 126 general dentists (61% response rate). eighteen questions were asked covering practice profile, perception of risk from hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), exposure to blood, barrier protection used, and sterilization and disinfection procedures. gloves a ... | 1992 | 1626533 |
| functional mapping of the rev-responsive element of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2): influence of hiv-2 envelope-encoding sequences on hiv-1 gp120 expression in the presence or absence of rev. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) regulatory protein rev stimulates expression of structural viral proteins via a target response element (rre) located within gag-pol and env mrnas. to analyse the hiv-2 rev trans-activation effect on the expression of the envelope protein, we cloned a functionally active hiv-2 rev cdna and showed that it contained four exons. using transient expression assays, we mapped a 353 bp rre fragment within the env gene of hiv-2 on which both hiv-1 and hiv- ... | 1992 | 1629702 |
| [multicenter study of the prevalence of type 2 human immunodeficiency virus infection in spain (1990)]. | hiv-2 is a new retrovirus which may produce aids and has been mainly described in individuals from west africa. more than 400 cases have been reported in france and portugal while in spain very few cases of hiv-2 infection have been reported with few studies having been made concerning the prevalence of the disease. this multicentric study analyzes the prevalence of hiv-2 infection in subjects of different risk groups in spain and evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of different methodologies. | 1992 | 1635394 |
| human infection by genetically diverse sivsm-related hiv-2 in west africa. | our understanding of the biology and origins of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) derives from studies of cultured isolates from urban populations experiencing epidemic infection and disease. to test the hypothesis that such isolates might represent only a subset of a larger, genetically more diverse group of viruses, we used nested polymerase chain reactions to characterize hiv-2 sequences in uncultured mononuclear blood cells of two healthy liberian agricultural workers, from whom vi ... | 1992 | 1641038 |
| multicentric kaposi's sarcoma in a 5-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-negative renal allograft recipient. | we describe the clinical and pathologic features of a case of pediatric multicentric kaposi's sarcoma (ks) associated with allograft transplantation in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative child. a lethal polyadenopathic and visceral ks occurred in a 5-year-old caribbean boy who had undergone an allogenic renal transplantation for diffuse mesangial sclerosis with end-stage renal failure 4 months previously. the hiv-1 and hiv-2 serologies were negative. despite its rarity, ks must be con ... | 1992 | 1644441 |
| complementation of human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein mutations in trans. | the external glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) (gp120) and hiv-2 (gp105) are responsible for binding the cellular receptor cd4. the proteins are functionally identical although their affinity for cd4 varies, with gp120 binding 10- to 20-fold more efficiently than gp105. to investigate the structural requirements for cd4 binding in each molecule we have constructed a number of hybrid glycoproteins in which sequences are exchanged between the two molecules via conserved ... | 1992 | 1645136 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 protease monomers are functionally interchangeable in the dimeric enzymes. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 proteases are dimers of identical subunits. we made a construct for the expression of recombinant one-chain hiv-2 protease dimer, which, like the previously described one-chain hiv-1 protease dimer, is fully active. the constructs for the one-chain dimers of hiv-1 and hiv-2 proteases were modified to produce hybrid one-chain dimers consisting of both hiv-1 and hiv-2 protease monomers. although the monomers share only 47.5% sequence identity, ... | 1992 | 1731102 |
| siv from stump-tailed macaques: molecular characterization of a highly transmissible primate lentivirus. | over the past 6 years, simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs) have been isolated from four distinct species of macaques (macaca mulatta, m. fascicularis, m. nemestrina, and m. arctoides) in captivity in the united states. however, the epidemiologic and genetic relationships among sivs from the four species are not well understood. siv from stump-tailed macaques (m. arctoides) (sivstm) is unusual in that it has been associated with outbreaks of infection characterized by aggressive spread within ... | 1992 | 1733112 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoprotein: differential cd4 interactions of soluble gp120 versus the assembled envelope complex. | utilizing a recombinant vaccinia expression system, we investigated the biological properties and cd4 receptor interactions of the envelope glycoproteins of a noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain, termed hiv-2/st, and a highly cytopathic variant derived from it. the efficiency and host cell range of syncytium formation by the recombinant glycoproteins of both viruses were highly restricted compared to those of prototypic strains of hiv (hiv-2/rod or hiv-1/iiib). however, the ... | 1992 | 1736526 |
| lack of evidence of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in a sample of the general population in bissau. | twenty-nine human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) seropositive women identified in a cross-sectional study in bissau in 1987 participated in a follow-up study in 1988, where each was matched for age and marital status with two hiv-2 seronegative women. detailed information about all pregnancies was obtained. the hiv-2 seropositive women and their controls had similar mean numbers of pregnancies, live children, children who died, and abortions. the hiv-2 seropositive women did not have a gr ... | 1992 | 1738085 |
| activity of cd4-pseudomonas exotoxin against cells expressing diverse forms of the hiv and siv envelope glycoproteins. | cd4(178)-pe40 is a genetically engineered hybrid toxin containing a portion of human cd4 linked to the translocation and adp-ribosylation domains of pseudomonas exotoxin a. in vitro, the molecule has been shown to selectively kill cells expressing the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), and to inhibit hiv spread. in this report we examine the activity of the hybrid toxin against cells expressing diverse forms of the hiv and siv env ... | 1992 | 1738090 |
| structural features in tar rna of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses: a phylogenetic analysis. | a comparative analysis of tar rna structures in human and simian immunodeficiency viruses reveals the conservation of certain structural features despite the divergence in sequence. both the tar elements of hiv-1 and siv-chimpanzee can be folded into relatively simple one-stem hairpin structures. chemical and rnaase probes were used to analyze the more complex structure of hiv-2 tar rna, which folds into a branched hairpin structure. a surprisingly similar rna conformation can be proposed for si ... | 1992 | 1738599 |
| improved detection of hiv-2 dna in clinical samples using a nested primer-based polymerase chain reaction. | a two-step polymerase chain reaction (pcr), with four double (nested) primer pairs, used for the detection of hiv-2 in clinical samples is described. with these four nested primer pairs we could detect hiv-2 dna in 17 of 17 virus isolates and in blood mononuclear cell samples from 31 of 37 (83.7%) seropositive individuals after ethidium bromide staining of the amplified dna. the nested primer pcr was also compared with a single primer pair-based pcr followed by hybridization. the sensitivities o ... | 1992 | 1740755 |
| [laboratory tests for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | laboratory tests are essential for diagnosis and management of patients infected with hiv, for screening of blood donors, and for epidemiologic surveillance of hiv infection and aids. diagnosis of hiv infection is based on demonstration of antibodies against the virus, detection of viral antigens, isolation of the virus, or detection of genetic material in infected cells. tests that detect antibodies are the most frequently used because of their ease of use and relatively low cost. the elisa ... | 1992 | 12290619 |
| hiv-2: slower, still deadly. | hiv 2 transmission and prevalence in west africa are discussed. hiv 2 was first recognized in 1985 in senegal. prevalence in 1991 was highest in guinea-bissau, ivory coast, and burkina faso. the population at greatest risk is prostitutes and men who attend sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics, which populations have a 10 times greater prevalence than the general population. 8% of prostitutes in senegal are infected with hiv, 16% in burkina faso, and 9% in the general population of guin ... | 1992 | 12318129 |
| hiv infection and aids in china. | through november 1990, phlebotomists took serum samples from 305,280 people (32,093 of whom were foreigners) to determine the prevalence of hiv-1 infection and aids in china. the phlebotomists worked in the laboratory at the academy of preventive medicine in beijing, provincial health and antiepidemic stations, and other health institutions throughout china. the virology institute at the academy used the elisa, immunoenzymatic tests, gelatin particle agglutination test, or immunofluorescence t ... | 1992 | 12344005 |
| [neurological disorders associated with hiv infection]. | neurological diseases occur frequently in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). there are three main groups of central nervous system (cns) dysfunction: (1) direct effects of hiv; (2) opportunistic infections; (3) opportunistic neoplasms. on the basis of clinical characteristics it is possible to differentiate focal and diffuse pathologic alterations of cns. the starting point of evaluation of cns dysfunction is computed tomography (ct). if the focal lesions are not present ... | 1992 | 18170970 |
| what is a quasispecies? | a quasispecies is a well-defined distribution of mutants that is generated by a mutation-selection process. selection does not act on a single mutant but on the quasispecies as a whole. experimental systems have been designed to study quasispecies evolution under laboratory conditions. more recently, virus populations have been called quasispecies to indicate their extensive genetic heterogeneity. the most prominent examples are probably the human immunodeficiency viruses hiv-1 and hiv-2. the qu ... | 1992 | 21235976 |
| an aids test that travels well. | a new dipstick test will enable health workers in remote third world communities to screen blood for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and monitor the spread of hiv infection. the test, developed by the program for appropriate technology in health (path), works without electricity, instrumentation, or cold chain and is locally manufacturable. results are available in 20 minutes, and the cost is 25 cents per sample. antibodies to both hiv-1 and hiv-2 are detectable. in the test, a plastic dip ... | 1993 | 12286975 |
| are seroepidemiological surveys for human immunodeficiency virus infection based on tests on pools of serum specimens accurate and cost-effective? | serum specimens (n = 17668) from uk antenatal patients in the thames regions were tested by wellcozyme hiv 1/2 eia singly and in pools of 6, 12 and 24: 35 (0.2%, 1 in 505) were confirmed as anti-hiv positive. the pools of 12 were also tested for anti-hiv 1/2 by iaf biochem, behring and diagnostics pasteur eias. all 35 positive specimens were easily detectable after pooling in groups of 12. the false positive rate for wellcozyme was nearly halved compared with individual testing (1 in 309 false p ... | 1993 | 15566730 |
| viral resistance to the thiazolo-iso-indolinones, a new class of nonnucleoside inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. | thiazolo-iso-indolinone derivatives with high specificity toward the reverse transcriptase (rt) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were identified. the most potent compound, bm +51.0836, inhibited hiv-1 rt at a 50% inhibitory concentration of 90 nm in vitro. in cell culture assays, similar 50% inhibitory concentrations were obtained with high specificity for hiv-1. these substances were equally active against a zidovudine-resistant isolate. no antiviral effect was observed with an hi ... | 1993 | 7509144 |
| specificity of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in sera from human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected individuals. | adcc activity in sera from hiv-2-infected individuals was monitored against hiv-1iiib, sivmac, and three different hiv-2 strains. the sera mediated adcc against the hiv-2 strains in high frequencies and reacted equally well with sivmac, whereas no cross-reactivity was seen against hiv-1iiib. the degree of antigenic similarities between the virus strains was also evaluated in order to estimate the variability of adcc target regions. the sivmac strain and two of the hiv-2 strains were antigenicall ... | 1993 | 7504937 |
| an antibody that binds the immunoglobulin cdr3-like region of the cd4 molecule inhibits provirus transcription in hiv-infected t cells. | we used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to study which step(s) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) life cycle may be blocked following treatment of hiv-exposed cem cells with 13b8-2, a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for the immunoglobulin (ig) cdr3-like region of the cd4 molecule and able to inhibit the productive infection of cem cells by hiv-1. the presence of viral rna was investigated and found in 13b8-2 mab-treated cem cells 30 min after viral exposure; the full-lengt ... | 1993 | 7505220 |
| hiv seropositivity in nigerians with lymphoproliferative malignancies. | one hundred and four nigerians with lymphoproliferative malignancies were tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and 2). all the patients with high grade lymphomas in this series were seronegative for hiv-1 and 2. only 1 of the 104 patients had antibody to hiv-1 and none had antibody to hiv-2. although the single positive result would suggest a higher hiv-1 seropositivity rate among the patients compared with the general nigerian population, it should be inter ... | 1993 | 7839934 |
| ultrastructural correlation between follicular dendritic cells and the frequency of virus-like particles during the lymph nodes reaction of siv/hiv 2 infected cynomolgus monkeys. | lymph nodes from 18 siv/hiv2 infected monkeys developing a severe aids-like disease were studied by electron microscopy. the lesions were correlated with the histopathologic staining and the anti-sivp28 immunostaining. the investigation of follicular dendritic cells (fdc) and associated retroviral particles was focused on the light zones of germinal centres during the follicular hyperplasia, fragmentation atrophy and depletion. fdcs were mostly developed in the first two stages, while the highes ... | 1993 | 7849288 |
| novel, negatively charged, human serum albumins display potent and selective in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity. | we prepared a series of modified proteins and peptides by derivatizing the positively charged epsilon-amino groups of the lysine amino acids through reaction with anhydrides of succinic acid (suc) and aconitic acid (aco). human serum albumin (hsa) was modified by introduction of a single carboxylic group (suc-hsa) or two carboxylic groups (aco-hsa) per amine function, yielding strongly negatively charged compounds. the in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 ic50 of suc-hsa was about ... | 1993 | 7902528 |
| cellular and plasma viral load in patients infected with hiv-2. | to determine circulating viral load in hiv-2-infected individuals. | 1993 | 7904166 |
| the role of cd4 in hiv binding and entry. | the primary cellular receptor for the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses hiv-1, hiv-2 and siv is the cd4 antigen (sattentau et al. 1988; sattentau & weiss 1988). hiv infection of cd4+ cells is initiated by binding of the virus to the cell surface, via a high-affinity interaction between the first domain of cd4 and the hiv outer envelope glycoprotein, gp120. the use of a soluble recombinant form of cd4 (scd4) as a receptor mimic has simplified the analysis of receptor binding and post-bind ... | 1993 | 7904348 |
| is cd4 sufficient for hiv entry? cell surface molecules involved in hiv infection. | hiv-1, hiv-2 and siv each bind to cd4 as the first step in virus entry. however, alternative receptors may also be used. hiv-1 binds to glycolipids with terminal galactosylceramide residues on neural cells; opsonized virus binds to fc receptors; hiv-2 can infect certain cd4-negative cells. further receptors may also play a role in cd4-mediated infection, including cell adhesion molecules and possibly cell surface proteinases. after binding to cd4, immunodeficiency viruses require secondary molec ... | 1993 | 7904349 |
| mhc-i non-restricted cytotoxic activity in macaca sylvana experimentally inoculated with hiv2 and siv/mac. | the anti-retrovirus cell-mediated immunity was repeatedly investigated in seven monkeys (macaca sylvana). four of these animals were injected with cell-free supernatants containing human immunodeficiency viruses: two monkeys received hiv1 bru (2.5 x 10(6) cpm), two received hiv2 rod (1.5 x 10(6) cpm). two additional animals were injected with a cell-free supernatant containing simian immunodeficiency virus siv/mac 251 (1.5 x 10(6) cpm) and the last animal served as control. the four macaques inf ... | 1993 | 7905683 |
| infections among pygmies in the eastern province of cameroon. | the health requirements of pygmies is poorly understood because of their continued isolation from the other tribes in central africa. this study was undertaken among the baka pygmies of the eastern province of cameroon to generate basic health data among them. a total of 141 adults (18-45 years) were tested for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to the surface antigen (anti-hbs), antibody to the core antigen (anti-hbc) and antibody to the hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). all hbsag-po ... | 1993 | 7907163 |
| multi-branched peptides based on the hiv-1 v3 loop consensus motif inhibit hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection in cd4+ and cd4- cells. | the v3 loop is an hypervariable region of the hiv-1 surface envelope glycoprotein gp120 that is able to generate neutralizing antibodies. these antibodies are generally type-specific. they inhibit the interaction between the v3 loop and the membrane molecules involved in virus-cell and cell-cell fusion. synthetic peptides based on the v3 loop sequence have been tentatively used to block the fusion process, but the results were unsuccessful. in this report, we confirm that monomeric v3 peptides a ... | 1993 | 7916261 |
| fine mapping of hiv-1 nef-epitopes by monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of newly isolated murine monoclonal antibodies is described which are specific for the nef protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). epitope mapping using recombinant nef-related proteins, synthetic peptides and lipopeptides showed 3 independent antigenic determinants located within the regions of amino acids 83-93, 175-190 and 86-166 of the nef protein. none of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with recombinant nef proteins of hiv-2. | 1993 | 7678193 |
| morphometric analysis of envelope glycoprotein gp120 distribution on hiv-1 virions. | the surface of hiv-1, like that of other retroviruses, is studied with virally encoded glycoproteins which appear ultrastructurally as electron-dense spikes or knobs. the glycoprotein that forms the spike structure, gp120, is non-covalently bound to the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41. mature hiv-1 virions do not have as many spikes as the genetically related retroviruses hiv-2 and siv. gp120 is lost from hiv-1 during viral morphogenesis and after incubation of the virus with the soluble form of ... | 1993 | 7678271 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific [2',5'-bis-o-(tert- butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-d-ribofuranosyl]-3'-spiro-5"-(4"-amino-1",2"- oxathiole-2",2"-dioxide)-purine analogues show a resistance spectrum that is different from that of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific non-nucleoside analogues. | the [2',5'-bis-o-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-d-ribofuranosyl]-3'- spiro-5"-(4"-amino-1",2"-oxathiole-2",2"-dioxide) (tsao) derivatives of n1-methylhypoxanthine with linkage to the tsao moiety through the n9 or n7 atom of the hypoxanthine ring (designated tsao-m1hx and 7-tsao-m1hx, respectively) are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) but not hiv-2 or simian immunodeficiency virus. their selectivity indices (ratio of cytotoxic concentration to antivir ... | 1993 | 7678689 |
| specificity of antibodies produced against native or desialylated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant gp160. | in a previous report we have shown that, in contrast to antibodies produced against native or fully deglycosylated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gp160 in rabbits, antibodies raised against desialylated hiv-1 gp160 also recognize gp140 from hiv-2 at high titers. here, we characterize the fine specificity of these cross-reactive antibodies. inhibition assays with a panel of synthetic peptides as competitors showed that cross-reactivity to gp140 was due to antibodies that were specifi ... | 1993 | 7679751 |
| epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus regulatory proteins tat, nef and rev are expressed in skin in atopic dermatitis. | we extend our previous documentation that epitopes of hiv regulatory proteins tat, rev, and nef are expressed in tissue from uninfected individuals by the immunohistochemical analysis of normal skin (n = 10) and skin in some selected inflammatory dermatoses including urticaria (n = 6), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 6), and atopic dermatitis (affected skin, n = 10, and after epicutaneous patch test for allergens, n = 8). a rabbit antibody to hiv-2 tat did not show immunolabeling of skin. bloo ... | 1993 | 7680253 |
| analysis of nonnucleoside drug-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. | a number of chemically distinct nonnucleoside inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt) have been reported. several lines of evidence, including the isolation of rt mutants that show cross resistance, suggest that, despite their structural diversity, many of these inhibitors bind to a common site on hiv-1 rt. we have recently reported that, on the basis of analyses of hiv-1/hiv-2 chimeras, the natural product calanolide a may interact with a different s ... | 1993 | 7680393 |
| potent and highly selective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) inhibition by a series of alpha-anilinophenylacetamide derivatives targeted at hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. | in vitro evaluation of a large chemical library of pharmacologically acceptable prototype compounds in a high-capacity, cellular-based screening system has led to the discovery of another family of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) inhibitors. through optimization of a lead compound, several alpha-anilinophenylacetamide (alpha-apa) derivatives have been identified that inhibit the replication of several hiv-1 strains (iiib/lai, rf, ndk, mn, he) in a variety of host cell types at concen ... | 1993 | 7680476 |
| [non-radioisotopic reverse transcriptase assay using biotin-11-deoxyuridine-triphosphate and a primer-immobilized microtiter plate: application for detection and identification of isolated retroviruses from hiv-1-seropositive hemophiliac patients]. | non-radioisotopic reverse transcriptase assay (non-rta) was successfully applied for detection and identification of the retroviruses isolated from peripheral mononuclear cells from eight hiv-1-seropositive hemophiliac patients. of 40 samples, 36 (90%) were consistent in detection between non-ri and ri rta. four samples which showed rt activities slightly above the cutoff level of ri rta were not detected by non-ri rta. non-specific rt-inhibitors in the culture supernatant decreased the sensitiv ... | 1993 | 7680705 |
| the fidelity of the reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency viruses and murine leukemia virus, exhibited by the mispair extension frequencies, is sequence dependent and enzyme related. | sequence variations in hiv-1 and hiv-2 probably result in part from inaccurate dna synthesis by viral reverse transcriptases (rts). we have studied in vitro the fidelity of both the dna- and rna-dependent dna polymerization functions of the two hiv rts, as compared to that of murine leukemia virus (mlv) rt. the two hiv rts were less accurate than mlv rt. the mispair extension frequencies observed previously with ribosomal rna (rrna) template were higher than those detected with phi x174am3 dna t ... | 1993 | 7681015 |
| steady-state kinetic studies with the non-nucleoside hiv-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor u-87201e. | the multifunctional hiv-1 rt (human immunodeficiency virus type 1-reverse transcriptase) enzyme possesses three main functions including the rna- and dna-directed dna polymerases and the rnase h. the bisheteroarylpiperazine u-87201e inhibits the two polymerase functions but not the rnase h. enzymatic kinetic studies of the hiv-1 rt-catalyzed rna- and dna-directed dna polymerase activities were carried out in order to determine if the inhibitor interferes with either the template:primer or the de ... | 1993 | 7681060 |
| two highly antigenic sites in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. | antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt) are found in the serum of the majority of infected individuals, and inhibition of rt polymerase activity by hiv-1-positive sera can be demonstrated in vitro. the binding sites of human antibodies on the protein have not yet been identified. we synthesized overlapping peptides covering the entire rt protein of hiv-1 and used them in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system to map the reactivities of hiv-1 and ... | 1993 | 7681439 |
| identification of four antibody-binding sites in the envelope proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus, sivsm. | to identify antigenic regions in the envelope glycoproteins of the simian immunodeficiency virus isolate, sivsm. | 1993 | 7682082 |
| cr1 (cd35) and cr3 (cd11b/cd18) mediate infection of human monocytes and monocytic cell lines with complement-opsonized hiv independently of cd4. | peripheral blood and tissue mononuclear phagocytes serve as major viral reservoirs in hiv-infected individuals. we investigated the role of complement receptors cr1 (cd35) and cr3 (cd11b/cd18) in mediating productive infection with complement-opsonized hiv-1 and hiv-2 of cultured normal human peripheral blood monocytes, the promonocytic cell line thp-1, the monocytic cell line mono mac 6 and the glial cell line u251-mg. cells were infected with the htlv-iiib strain of hiv-1 or the lav-2 strain o ... | 1993 | 7682158 |
| generation and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies reactive against n-terminal and other regions of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. | we produced a series of monoclonal antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase by immunizing mice with either purified recombinant hiv-1 p66 protein or with recombinant vaccinia virus which expresses hiv-1 pol sequences. the antibodies generated were specific for the reverse transcriptase protein, and recognized only the p51 and p66 subunits of the enzyme in each of the hiv-1 viral lysates and lysates of hiv-1 infected cells. the antibodies did not cross-rea ... | 1993 | 7682257 |
| a virion-specific inhibitory molecule with therapeutic potential for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | a potential new approach for gene therapy against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection is the design of a nonstructural gene-based virion-specific inhibitory molecule that is packaged with virus to destroy its infectivity. we tested this approach for hiv-1 by using vpx, a virion-associated protein of hiv-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus. vpx was incorporated into hiv-1 virions and the resulting cell-free virus lost infectivity in cd4+ human t cells. this demonstrates the ther ... | 1993 | 7682710 |
| hiv-1-specific rt inhibitors: highly selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that are specifically targeted at the viral reverse transcriptase. | the tibo, hept, nevirapine, pyridinone, bhap, tsao, and alpha-apa derivatives, although belonging to structurally diverging classes of molecules, share remarkable common features. they are specifically active against the reverse transcriptase of hiv-1 (tibo and hept also, to a certain extent, against the reverse transcriptase of sivagm strains), but not against the reverse transcriptases of hiv-2 or any other retroviruses. nor are they active against any of the cellular dna polymerases. these hi ... | 1993 | 7683360 |
| the interaction of illimaquinone, a selective inhibitor of the rnase h activity, with the reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency and murine leukemia retroviruses. | illimaquinone, a natural marine product, was shown by us to inhibit preferentially the ribonuclease h (rnase h) activity of the reverse transcriptase (rt) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). we have also shown that illimaquinone inhibits the rnase h activity of hiv-2 rt in addition to that of hiv-1 rt, murine leukemia virus rt, and escherichia coli rnase h. chemical modifications of hiv-1 rt by sulfhydryl-specific reagents, such as n-ethylmaleimide (nem) have been demonstrated to spe ... | 1993 | 7683648 |
| diarylsulfones, a new chemical class of nonnucleoside antiviral inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. | a series of variously substituted diarylsulfones and related derivatives were found to prevent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication and hiv-1-induced cell killing in vitro. one of the more potent derivatives, 2-nitrophenyl phenyl sulfone (npps), completely protected human cem-ss lymphoblastoid cells from the cytopathic effects of hiv-1 in cell culture at 1 to 5 microm concentrations. hiv-1 replication, as assessed by the production of infectious virions, viral p24 antigen, and ... | 1993 | 7684215 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the measurement of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 reverse transcriptase antigen and antibodies. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), using recombinant hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt; p66), are described for the measurement of rt antigen and serum antibodies to rt (anti-rt). the elisa for anti-rt was developed in qualitative and quantitative forms, both were highly specific (100%, 0/859; 99.6%, 3/859), the former was sensitive (100%, 364/364) detecting the highest dilution of a standard high titre anti-hiv-1 rt antibody positive control serum. the latter was less sensitive (97.2%, 3 ... | 1993 | 7684387 |
| activity of triciribine and triciribine-5'-monophosphate against human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. | triciribine (tcn) and its 5'-monophosphate (tcn-p) are novel tricyclic compounds with known antitumor activity; tcn-p is currently in phase ii human clinical trials. we now report that these compounds have potent and selective activity against hiv-1 and hiv-2. using a syncytial plaque assay, tcn and tcn-p were active against hiv-1 at 0.01-0.02 microm and had differential selectivities of 2250 and 1900, respectively, compared to 1850 for azt. in contrast, tcn and tcn-p had minimal selectivity aga ... | 1993 | 7685612 |
| specific inhibition of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and the chimeric enzymes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 by nonnucleoside inhibitors. | we have studied the effects of four nonnucleoside inhibitors, including the novel natural product inhibitor calanolide a, on molecular chimeras containing complementary segments of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) reverse transcriptases (rts). all four compounds specifically inhibited the dna polymerase activity of hiv-1 rt but had no apparent effect on the rnase h activity of this enzyme or on the dna polymerase or rnase h activity of hiv-2 rt. three of these compo ... | 1993 | 7685994 |
| the quinoline u-78036 is a potent inhibitor of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. | the quinoline u-78036 represents a new class of non-nucleoside human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. the agent possesses excellent antiviral activity at nontoxic doses in hiv-1-infected lymphocytes grown in tissue culture. enzymatic kinetic studies of the hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt)-catalyzed rna-directed dna polymerase function were carried out in order to determine whether the inhibitor interacts with the template-primer or deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate ... | 1993 | 7686907 |
| amino acid substitutions in hiv-1 reverse transcriptase with corresponding residues from hiv-2. effect on kinetic constants and inhibition by non-nucleoside analogs. | nevirapine is a highly potent and specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) polymerase, but is inactive against hiv-2 and other polymerase. previous studies demonstrated that residues 176-190 of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt) can confer nevirapine sensitivity to hiv-2 rt. to better characterize the role of this sequence in hiv-1 rt, we have progressively substituted residues 176-190 of hiv-2 rt for those of hiv-1 rt and monitored the impact on the kinetic properties; in ... | 1993 | 7688367 |
| detection of simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 capsid antigens by a monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture assay. | we have tested the ability of a monoclonal antibody-based simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) p27 capsid antigen assay to detect siv antigen in supernatants from a variety of infected cell cultures. the antigen capture assay has a sensitivity of approximately 30 pg of siv p27 capsid antigen/ml. the assay detected siv p27 capsid antigen in cell culture supernatants from all six strains tested, detected the replication of siv following the inoculation of the virus in peripheral blood mononuclear c ... | 1993 | 7688521 |
| comparative humoral responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1-p24gag linear b-cell epitopes among individuals showing atypical western immunoblotting reactions and implications for diagnosis. | serum specimens from 25 individuals with an isolated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) core antigen reactivity in a western immunoblot test were examined for their reactivities with hiv-1 virions, control cellular antigens, hiv-1-bru p24gag recombinant protein (p24gag), and a panel of 22 p24gag-derived peptides. the results were as follows: (i) serum specimens from eight hiv-1-uninfected subjects did bind to virions but failed to bind to p24gag; (ii) sera from 13 hiv-1-uninfected subje ... | 1993 | 7688755 |
| cytotoxic t cells in hiv2 seropositive gambians. identification of a virus-specific mhc-restricted peptide epitope. | a preliminary study of gag-specific, mhc-restricted cd8+ ctl has been performed in nine gambian patients infected with hiv2. such ctl were present in at least 55% of patients in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells without the requirement for in vitro restimulation. we have identified a nonamer peptide from hiv2 gag that is recognized by cd8+ hla-b53 ctl using an amino acid sequence motif predicted from analysis of endogenous peptides eluted from hla-b53 molecules. this peptide, from an hiv2 ... | 1993 | 7690804 |
| activity of a novel quinoxaline derivative against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and viral replication. | s-2720 [6-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-4-(isopropenyloxycarbonyl)-3,4- dihydroquinoxalin-2(1h)-thione], a quinoxaline derivative, was found to be a very potent inhibitor of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (hiv-1 rt) activity and hiv-1 replication in tissue culture. like other nonnucleoside rt inhibitors, s-2720 does not affect the hiv-2 rt. a s-2720-resistant virus was selected and shown to possess a mutation within the rt-coding region that has not previously been describe ... | 1993 | 7692812 |
| thiazolobenzimidazole: biological and biochemical anti-retroviral activity of a new nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. | thiazolobenzimidazole (nsc 625487) was a highly potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus-induced cell killing and viral replication in a variety of human cell lines, as well as fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. the compound was active against a panel of biologically diverse laboratory and clinical strains of hiv-1, including the azt-resistant strain g910-6. however, the agent was inactive against hiv-2 and a pyridinone-resistant strain (a17) of hiv-1, a strain whi ... | 1993 | 7692815 |
| isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies raised against the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and cross-reactivity with that of type 1. | monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-2 reverse transcriptase have been raised with the ultimate goal of generating fab fragments for future co-crystallization studies. a number of mouse monoclonal antibodies to recombinant hiv-2 reverse transcriptase have been obtained and characterized in terms of the possible epitopes they recognise together with cross-reactivity with a related reverse transcriptase. the antibodies were shown to fall into three groups that recognize diff ... | 1993 | 7693912 |
| conformational changes induced in the envelope glycoproteins of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses by soluble receptor binding. | we have investigated the molecular basis of biological differences observed among cell line-adapted isolates of the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) and the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in response to receptor binding by using a soluble form of cd4 (scd4) as a receptor mimic. we find that scd4 binds to the envelope glycoproteins of all of the hiv-1 isolates tested with affinities within a threefold range, whereas those of the hiv-2 and siv isolates have relativ ... | 1993 | 7693970 |
| generation, characterization and cross-reactivities of monoclonal antibodies against the p24 core protein and the gp130 envelope glycoprotein of hiv-2ben. | the purpose of this study was to characterize antigenic determinants on structural polypeptides of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2ben). therefore, three hiv-2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the p24 core protein (gag) and one mab against the gp130 envelope glycoprotein (env) were produced. in addition to p24 the anti-core mabs recognized the primary translation product of the viral gag gene p55 and an intermediate cleavage product p41. core mabs cross-reacted with anothe ... | 1993 | 7694060 |
| expression and mutational analysis of the reverse transcriptase of the lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus. | the reverse transcriptase of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) shows sequence similarity with the reverse transcriptases of other lentiviruses, particularly with those of human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2). we have constructed a plasmid that when introduced into e. coli induces the synthesis of substantial quantities of the nearly authentic eiav reverse transcriptase. the viral and bacterially expressed reverse transcriptases are similar in their molecular weights ... | 1993 | 7694581 |
| boehringer mannheim modular test concepts in hiv and hepatitis immunoassays. | anti-hiv-antibody and hepatitis c virus (hcv)-antibody screening tests have to be able to detect a variety of virus antibodies. on the other hand, hiv-antigen specific antibody tests that detect only one kind of antibody are needed for prognosis of disease or for distinguishing infection by different virus subtypes. usually in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for each individual test an individual solid phase has to be created. for our boehringer mannheim enzymun-test diagnostics assay we us ... | 1993 | 7694814 |
| analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef gene sequences present in vivo. | the nef genes of the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) and the related simian immunodeficiency viruses (sivs) encode a protein (nef) whose role in virus replication and cytopathicity remains uncertain. as an attempt to elucidate the function of nef, we characterized the nucleotide and corresponding protein sequences of naturally occurring nef genes obtained from several hiv-1-infected individuals. a consensus nef sequence was derived and used to identify several featu ... | 1993 | 8043040 |
| [the isolation and characteristics of the green monkey lentivirus]. | we characterized the simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from cercopithecus aethiops (subspecies c. a. pygerythrus) originating from kenya. siv was isolated and continuously produced with the molt4 clone 8 cell line and was designated as siv-su1. siv-su1 isolate replicated with high efficiency in molt4 clone 8, mt-2 with moderate efficiency in cem x 174 and with poor efficiency in hut-78, u937, c8166. the infection of mt-2, c8166 and hut-78 resulted in extensive cell killing. western blotting ... | 1993 | 8059527 |
| [serologic activity against retrovirus in patients with sjögren syndrome]. | the primary sjögren's syndrome (ss) is a systemic disease which destroys the exocrine glands by autoimmune mechanisms. the etiology of this syndrome is unknown although different virus are involved in its genesis. | 1993 | 8095086 |
| different requirements for membrane fusion mediated by the envelopes of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. | cd4+ cells derived from the human cell lines u87mg and scl1 cannot be infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) or fuse with cells expressing the hiv-1 envelope. this block was complemented in heterokaryons with hela cells and probably reflects the absence of cellular factors necessary for membrane fusion. since u87mg cells expressing cd4 are permissive to hiv-2, distinct cellular factors could be required for fusion mediated by two related human retroviruses. | 1993 | 8095307 |
| immunological responses of gambians in relation to clinical stage of hiv-2 disease. | this study describes a broad spectrum of cellular and antibody-mediated immune responses found in 28 asymptomatic and 37 symptomatic gambian patients with hiv-2 infection. it shows that these responses vary according to the stage of infection as described by three clinical staging systems. the first system was a local one based on the signs used for the who bangui clinical definition of aids, the second, suggested by who, was based on a performance scale, and the third was that used by the centr ... | 1993 | 8100747 |
| acute infection of macaca nemestrina by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | the pigtail macaque (macaca nemestrina) has a marked sensitivity to infection by simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2). on this basis, we previously studied this species' susceptibility to hiv-1 and demonstrated infection in six macaques inoculated with either cell-associated hiv-1 or cell-free virus alone. this report expands upon our initial in vitro and in vivo findings. five laboratory-adapted and one primary clinical strain of hiv-1 replicated in vitr ... | 1993 | 8101673 |
| membrane expression of hiv envelope glycoproteins triggers apoptosis in cd4 cells. | the cytopathic effect of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in cd4+ lymphocytes has been shown to be associated with apoptosis or programmed cell death. using different experimental conditions, we demonstrate here that apoptosis is triggered by cell membrane expression of the mature hiv envelope glycoproteins, gp120-gp41 complex, and their interaction with cd4 receptor molecules. viral entry alone did not induce apoptosis but virus replication was required in order to produce the gp120-gp41 complex. indeed, expres ... | 1993 | 8105835 |
| in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) activity of xm323, a novel hiv protease inhibitor. | xm323 represents a novel class of potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease. in vitro studies have shown that inhibition of this enzyme translates into potent inhibition of replication of hiv type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2. the inhibition of virus replication was assessed with three assays designed to measure the production of infectious virus, viral rna, or p24 antigen. the production of mature infectious virions was measured with a yield reduction assay. by this assay, several ... | 1993 | 8109924 |
| the absence of antibodies to malaria and human immunodeficiency virus, and the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen as diagnostic markers of rheumatoid arthritis. | rheumatoid factor is of limited value in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) in west africa. consequent upon previous findings, we have studied the role of the absence of antibodies to malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as well as the presence of the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) as diagnostic markers of rheumatoid arthritis in west africa. we have found a significant association (p < 0.001) between ra and titre of hbsag, but only between ra and malaria (p < 0.05) when s ... | 1993 | 8124906 |
| [epidemiologic distribution of hiv2 human immunodeficiency virus infection in sub-saharan africa]. | this text presents the results of an analysis of the distribution and evolution of the hiv2 infection in africa south of sahara. the serological data collected in selected groups of the population suggest that the virus is very rare in the east and the south of the continent, except in mozambic where it is found everywhere, but on a low level. the infection is also rarely depisted in west-central africa; however an epidemic could affect the north of angola. hiv2 is probably an old host of some w ... | 1993 | 8139440 |
| purification of an escherichia coli-expressed nef protein from the human immunodeficiency virus-type 2. | the entire nef gene sequence of hiv-2, nih-z strain, has been cloned into the pjl6 expression vector and used for the synthesis of a 23-kda protein in e. coli. the expressed protein is a fusion between the n-terminal 13 amino acids of the cii gene, 8 amino acids resulting from the ligation procedure, and the 180 amino acids that comprise the hiv-2 nef sequence from the nih-z strain. the bacterially expressed nef protein has been purified to apparent homogeneity on analytical scale (10-20 microgr ... | 1993 | 8142139 |
| synthesis and virucidal activity of a water-soluble, configurationally stable, derivatized c60 fullerene. | the bis(monosuccinimide) derivative of p,p'-bis(2-aminoethyl)diphenyl-c60 (compound 1), prepared by the fulleroid route, is active against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 (50% effective concentration [ec50] averaging approximately 6 microm) in acutely or chronically infected human lymphocytes and is active in vitro against 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine-resistant hiv-1 (ec50, approximately 3 microm). the virucidal properties of compound 1 were confirmed by virus inactivation as ... | 1993 | 8215289 |
| characterization of dual hiv-1 and hiv-2 serological profiles by polymerase chain reaction. | to evaluate the frequency of dual hiv-1 and hiv-2 dna sequences in patients with dual serological profiles. | 1993 | 8216974 |
| staff distress among haemophilia nurses. | to investigate the severity, sources, and means used to cope with the distress experienced by haemophilia nurses as a result of the widespread infection with human immunodeficiency virus among haemophiliacs, we collected anonymous questionnaire data from all nurses in the haemophilia nursing network directory, compiled by the national haemophilia foundation in june, 1990. questionnaires were returned by 136 of the 181 (75%) nurses in the sample. over 50% of the sample gave distress responses to ... | 1993 | 8218470 |
| cytosolic domain of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins binds to calmodulin and inhibits calmodulin-regulated proteins. | calmodulin (cam), the major intracellular receptor for calcium, is involved in regulation of diverse cellular functions. positively charged amphipathic helical segments have been identified as an important structural motif in the recognition of cam by different cam-activated enzymes and peptides. the carboxyl-terminal domain of the envelope glycoproteins of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2, and siv) contain regions that can fold into amphipathic helical segments, which clo ... | 1993 | 8226798 |
| a novel, sensitive radioimmunoprecipitation assay for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus-type 2. | a radioimmunoprecipitation assay that provides an alternative to the western blot assay was developed for characterizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2). the assay is based on radioiodination of antigen using bolton-hunter reagent. the antigen consists of a soluble preparation of the nih-z (hiv-2) strain of 1000x purified virus spiked with purified recombinant hiv-2 gp105. radiolabeled proteins were immunoprecipitated by immune human sera, even at the early stages ... | 1993 | 8227273 |
| fusogenicity of mutant and chimeric proviruses derived from molecular clones of cytopathic and noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | analysis of the phenotype of the molecular clones of cytopathic and fusogenic, noncytopathic and nonfusogenic, and chimeric proviruses of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) suggests that the major determinant of the attenuated fusogenicity and cytopathicity of hiv-2 was located in the 3'-half of the genome, with envelope playing the more dominant role. however, no single linear domain within the envelope, including the major cd4 binding domain and fusogenic domain, was sufficient by its ... | 1993 | 8229655 |
| molecular and biological characteristics of a novel hiv-2 isolate, hiv-2hom. | in 1991 a new hiv-2 isolate (hiv-2hom) was isolated first from a german individual most likely infected in west africa in the beginning of the 1970s. the virus was isolated from both, the plasma and the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patient by using okt-3-stimulated cord blood lymphocytes. the recovered viruses could be further propagated on jurkat cells and exhibited a broad cell tropism. biochemical and antigenic properties of hiv-2hom were examined by radioimmunoprecipitations. for a mo ... | 1993 | 8237111 |
| structure of the protease from simian immunodeficiency virus: complex with an irreversible nonpeptide inhibitor. | a variant of the simian immunodeficiency virus protease (siv pr), covalently bound to the inhibitor 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (epnp), was crystallized. the structure of the inhibited complex was determined by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.4 a and refined to an r factor of 19%. the variant, siv pr s4h, was shown to diminish the rate of autolysis by at least 4-fold without affecting enzymatic parameters. the overall root mean square (rms) deviation of the alpha-carbons from ... | 1993 | 8241141 |
| preparation and anti-hiv activity of o-acylated heparin and dermatan sulfate derivatives with low anticoagulant effect. | in order to increase the ratio of anti-hiv activity to anticoagulant activity, glycosaminoglycan derivatives selectively substituted at oh and/or cooh groups were prepared. standard heparin, heparin fragments, or dermatan sulfate were converted to their tributylammonium or tetrabutylammonium salts. their selective o-acylation to various (controlled) degrees was carried out in a homogeneous way in n,n-dimethylformamide using carboxylic acid anhydrides and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine as catalyst. es ... | 1993 | 8246223 |