Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| fusion properties of cells infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3: receptor requirements for viral spread and virus-mediated membrane fusion. | cells can be persistently infected with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) by using a high multiplicity of infection (moi) (> or = 5 pfu per cell). the persistently infected cells exhibit no cytopathic effects and do not fuse with each other, yet they readily fuse with uninfected cells. we have previously shown that the failure of the persistently infected cells to fuse with each other is due to the lack of a receptor on these cells for the viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein, an ... | 1992 | 1328668 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3: comparison with the wash/47885/57 prototype strain. | the nucleotide sequence of the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) was determined from a series of 14 overlapping cdna clones and was compared to that of the previously sequenced prototype piv3 strain, wash/47885/57 (galinski, 1991). overall, there were 630 (4%) nucleotide differences between the two viruses. 15462 nucleotides comprised the js genome in contrast to 15463 which constituted the genome of the prototype virus. this was accounted for by a single nucleotide deletion i ... | 1992 | 1329377 |
| [the effect of influenza and para-influenza on the course of ischemic heart disease]. | a retrospective analysis was made of 541 case reports of patients with coronary heart disease admitted to the infectious department with the diagnosis of influenza (n-387) and parainfluenza (n-154). in all the patients, the diagnosis was verified serologically with the aid of the hemagglutination inhibition test, with a 4-fold and greater increase of the antibody titer in the serum. in part of the patients, it was confirmed by the above test combined with immunofluorescence in examining rhinopha ... | 1992 | 1332205 |
| monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for immunohistochemical detection of bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. | accurate identification of bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus in bovine respiratory disease requires dependable, sensitive, and specific techniques for detection in affected animals. immunohistochemical testing can be a rapid and reliable means of demonstration of virus in tissues from suspect cases; however, this procedure is dependent upon the quality of the antisera directed against the viral antigens. the production of rabbit polyclonal and murine monoclonal antibodies directed against bovine ... | 1992 | 1333816 |
| studies on the epidemiology of child infections. 3. parainfluenza viruses (types 1-4) and respiratory syncytial virus infections. | a seroepidemiological study on the rate of neutralizing antibodies for parainfluenza viruses (types 1-4) and for the respiratory syncytial virus in 2,514 infants and children between 0 and 15 years, residing in bari and its hinterland was carried out. positive results were very high for both the individual parainfluenza serotypes (81.7% for type 3, 78.0% for type 1, 76.6% for type 4, 71.9% for type 2) and for respiratory syncytial virus (88.5%). the pattern of infections due to respiratory syncy ... | 1992 | 1335108 |
| serological titers to bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella haemolytica in feedlot calves with respiratory disease: associations with bacteriological and pulmonary cytological variables. | acute and convalescent serum samples were taken from 59 calves with signs of respiratory disease (cases) and 60 clinically normal animals (controls) during their first month in the feedlot. sera were analyzed for antibodies to bovine parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus by hemagglutination inhibition, to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) by virus neutralization, and to pasteurella haemolytica by indirect agglutination (phia) and cy ... | 1992 | 1335831 |
| virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs in vivo: study of broncho-alveolar cell number and activity. | recently, we demonstrated that an increased airway responsiveness in vitro can be measured 4, 8, and 16 days, but not 2 days, after intratracheal inoculation of parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus to guinea pigs. in the present study airway responsiveness was measured in vivo, and the number, types and activity of broncho-alveolar cells was determined. a significant increase in airflow resistance was measured in spontaneously breathing anesthetized guinea pigs in response to histamine and methacholine, ... | 1992 | 1335883 |
| target recognition by bovine mononuclear, mhc-unrestricted cytotoxic cells. | a population of bovine non b/non t, cytotoxic lymphocytes with natural killer activity against virus-infected and non-infected embryonic kidney cells was functionally characterized. the data obtained in experiments of flow cytometry and immuno-peroxidase staining show that a cd2-, cd4-, cd8-, tcr gamma delta-, cd3+, cd45+, fcr+ lymphoid killer cell does exist within bovine peripheral blood leucocytes. this population can detect the down-regulation of class i mhc antigens or the expression of emb ... | 1992 | 1336249 |
| [the improvement of the immunodiagnosis of para-influenza infection based on erythrocyte reagents]. | study of different methods of hemosensitization helped detect the optimum technology for the preparation of parainfluenza (type 3) antigenic erythrocyte diagnosticum. this technology ensures the highest sensitivity, specificity, economy (with respect to viral antigen consumption) and stability of the reagent. titration of antibodies by means of the new diagnosticum and the detection of parainfluenza cases among children with acute respiratory virus infections, acute and chronic glomerulonephriti ... | 1992 | 1379772 |
| in vitro virucidal effects of allium sativum (garlic) extract and compounds. | garlic (allium sativum) has been shown to have antiviral activity, but the compounds responsible have not been identified. using direct pre-infection incubation assays, we determined the in vitro virucidal effects of fresh garlic extract, its polar fraction, and the following garlic associated compounds: diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin), allyl methyl thiosulfinate, methyl allyl thiosulfinate, ajoene, alliin, deoxyalliin, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide. activity was determined against s ... | 1992 | 1470664 |
| effects of protease inhibitors on replication of various myxoviruses. | we studied the effects of eight protease inhibitors on the multicycle replications of various orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. among the compounds, nafamostat mesilate, camostat mesilate, gabexate mesilate, and aprotinin, which are widely used in the treatment of pancreatitis, inhibited influenza virus a and b replication at concentrations that were significantly lower than their cytotoxic thresholds in vitro. none of the protease inhibitors had activity against respiratory syncytial virus, ... | 1992 | 1510439 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, a filovirus: homologies with paramyxoviruses and rhabdoviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of marburg virus, strain musoke, has been determined. the l gene has a single long open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 2330 amino acids (mw 267,175) that represents the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. the putative transcription start signal (3'cuaccuauaauu 5') and the termination signal (3' uaauucuuuuu 5') of the gene could be identified. computer-assisted comparison of the l protein with l proteins of other nonsegmented negative-stranded rna vi ... | 1992 | 1546452 |
| biological activity of paramyxovirus fusion proteins: factors influencing formation of syncytia. | the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) were expressed individually or coexpressed in cv-1 cells by using sv40-based vectors and recombinant vaccinia viruses. the extent of detectable fusion in a syncytium formation assay was found to be affected by the expression system used. in addition, when hn was coexpressed with f, it was found that the expression vector system influenced the contribution of hn in forming syncytia. the abi ... | 1992 | 1602561 |
| molecular evolution of human paramyxoviruses. nucleotide sequence analyses of the human parainfluenza type 1 virus np and m protein genes and construction of phylogenetic trees for all the human paramyxoviruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the np and m genes of human parainfluenza type 1 virus (hpiv-1) were determined. the np gene was 1677 nucleotides long excluding polyadenylic acid. the np gene contained a single large open reading frame (orf), which encoded a polypeptide of 524 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 57,736. the m gene 1173 nucleotides long excluding the poly(a) tract and the sequence also contained a single large orf which encoded a polypeptide of 348 amino acid with a mol ... | 1992 | 1605738 |
| role of cellular actin in human parainfluenza virus type 3 genome transcription. | the transcribing ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) requires cellular actin for transcription of viral genome in vitro (de, b. p., lesoon, a., and banerjee, a. k. (1991) j. virol. 65, 3268-3275). in this communication, we have studied the interactions between different molecular forms of actin and the rnp of hpiv-3 to understand the role of actin in mrna synthesis. we demonstrate that both polymeric and monomeric forms of actin (obtained by dnase i treat ... | 1993 | 7680647 |
| [membrane microviscosity in cell-virus systems]. | the use of fluorescent probes for the appraisal of microviscosity properties of cell membranes, both inside the lipid double layer and/or near the double layer surface, are today an usual tool in cell biology. in the present paper an attempt was made to establish if there are significant changes in the mechanical properties of the host cell membranes. | 1993 | 8043481 |
| virus-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in the guinea-pig is inhibited by levodropropizine. | intratracheal parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus inoculation of guinea pigs leads to a non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo and in vitro which coincides with a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (90% increase, 4 days after inoculation). the activity of the bronchoalveolar cells, as measured by the chemiluminescence production of infected animals is significantly diminished (34.2%, 4 days after inoculation) after renewed stimula ... | 1993 | 8232598 |
| parainfluenza virus infection in adult bone marrow transplant recipients. | the clinical course of parainfluenza virus infection occurring in 8 of 265 (3%) adult bone marrow transplant recipients during 1991 was reviewed. parainfluenza virus type 3 was isolated from all eight patients. the clinical course ranged from self-limited upper respiratory tract infections (2 patients) to severe lower respiratory tract disease (6 patients) associated with a 50% mortality. this study highlights the important role of community respiratory viruses such as parainfluenza virus in the ... | 1993 | 8243487 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3 and pertussis syndrome. | 1993 | 8244477 | |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of two cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive attenuated mutant vaccine viruses (cp12 and cp45) derived from the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3). | two cold-passaged mutant vaccine viruses (cp12 and cp45) derived from the js wild-type (wt) strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) have been sequenced. these mutant viruses display the cold-adapted (ca), temperature-sensitive (ts), and attenuation (att) phenotypes. sequence data indicate that both cp12 and cp45 sustained nucleotide substitutions during cold passage and subsequent cloning. fifteen nucleotide changes were present in cp12 and 18 in cp45. of these changes, some were prese ... | 1993 | 8266719 |
| comparative analysis of the immunoprotective abilities of glycosylated and deglycosylated parainfluenza virus type 3 surface glycoproteins. | the role of carbohydrate moieties on the immunoprotective ability of parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) glycoproteins was tested in hamsters. hn and f proteins were purified from detergent-solubilized virus by lentil-lectin affinity chromatography and deglycosylated by treatment with endoglycosidase f (endo f). immunization of hamsters with either 1 or 5 micrograms of mock-treated (glycosylated) affinity-purified proteins elicited strong haemagglu ... | 1993 | 8277287 |
| a time-course study of airway hyperresponsiveness in conscious parainfluenza virus type 3-infected guinea pigs. | the study of virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness may provide insight into mechanisms that contribute to respiratory diseases such as asthma. we examined changes induced by parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3) in lung lesions, tissue weights, and airway responsiveness to aerosols of histamine, methacholine, or citric acid in conscious guinea pigs, using modified whole body plethysmography. during the first week after inoculation, infected lung tissue had peribronchiolitis and airway hyperrespon ... | 1993 | 8277724 |
| effect of heparin on hemagglutination by pseudorabies virus. | heparin inhibited hemagglutination (ha) by pseudorabies virus (prv), but not ha by akabane virus, bovine adenovirus type 7, fukuoka virus, getah virus, japanese encephalitis virus, and parainfluenza virus type 3 belonging to the families bunyaviridae, adenoviridae, rhabdoviridae, togaviridae, flavivi-idae, and paramyxoviridae, respectively. the minimal inhibitory concentration of heparin required to inhibit 8 ha u of prv ranged from 0.005 to 0.01 u/ml. mouse erythrocytes failed to combine with t ... | 1993 | 8381261 |
| microencapsulated human parainfluenza virus induces a protective immune response. | human parainfluenza type 3 (pi3) virus was incorporated into microspheres composed of a biocompatible and biodegradable dl-lactide and glycolide copolymer. sera from mice immunized with these microspheres showed an antibody response to the viral glycoproteins and neutralized virus infectivity. the microspheres were also evaluated by intraperitoneal, oral, or intranasal administration to determine their protective efficacy in the hamster. after challenge infection of the intraperitoneally immuniz ... | 1993 | 8382726 |
| comparison of soluble and secreted forms of human parainfluenza virus type 3 glycoproteins expressed from mammalian and insect cells as subunit vaccines. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) is one of the leading causes of paediatric viral respiratory disease. the piv-3 genome encodes two envelope glycoproteins, f and hn, which are the major targets for the host antibody response. we have expressed secreted forms of the f and hn proteins and a novel chimeric fhn glycoprotein in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus vectors and secreted forms of the f and fhn glycoproteins in stably transformed chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. compariso ... | 1993 | 8383178 |
| protection of cotton rats against human parainfluenza virus type 3 by vaccination with a chimeric fhn subunit glycoprotein. | a cotton rat model of experimental human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) infection was used to examine the efficacy of fhn, a novel chimeric glycoprotein which contains the extracellular regions of the fusion (f) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of piv-3. the fhn protein was expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus vector system. fhn vaccination resulted in induction of neutralizing antibodies, was completely protective at doses of 100 ng, and was superior to vaccinati ... | 1993 | 8383179 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3)-specific and non-virus-specific delayed type hypersensitivity responses in cotton rats given different piv3 antigen preparations. | virus-specific, t-lymphocyte-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) responses were studied in cotton rats using replicating (wild-type parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) and recombinant vaccinia virus expressing piv3 haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) or fusion (f) glycoproteins), and non-replicating (detergent-solubilized, affinity chromatography purified hn and f glycoproteins or inactivated whole piv3) virus preparations. significant virus-specific dth responses were observed in all test ... | 1993 | 8383384 |
| a cold-adapted mutant of parainfluenza virus type 3 is attenuated and protective in chimpanzees. | a live attenuated cold-adapted parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) vaccine is being developed to prevent the serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by this virus in infants and young children. this cold-passaged mutant (cp45) was evaluated in seronegative chimpanzees and found to be highly attenuated in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts compared to its wild-type parent. animals immunized with cp45 were also highly resistant to wild-type piv-3 challenge. stability of the attenuat ... | 1993 | 8383726 |
| the antiviral activity of sp-303, a natural polyphenolic polymer, against respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza type 3 viruses in cotton rats. | sp-303, a naturally occurring polyphenolic polymer (average m.w. = 2100 da), was tested in cotton rats (sigmoden hispidus) for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) viruses, and for acute toxicity. significant reductions in pulmonary rsv titers, compared to pulmonary rsv titers in comparably treated control animals, were seen in cotton rats given 1-10 mg sp-303/kg/day intraperitoneally (i.p.) on days 1 through to 3, after experimental inoculation ... | 1993 | 8384824 |
| serum viral antibody titer in vestibular neuronitis. | fifty-seven cases of vestibular neuronitis were evaluated for viral infection by means of serum antibody titer. the viruses tested were herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, eb virus, adenovirus, influenza virus a, influenza virus b, parainfluenza virus 3, mumps virus, rubella virus and measles virus. paired sera were examined in 49 cases among 57 cases, 26 cases showed significant change (four-fold or greater change) in viral antibody titer. only one case (53-year old f ... | 1993 | 8385868 |
| rescue of synthetic analogs of genomic rna and replicative-intermediate rna of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | the genome of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) is a single negative-sense rna strand (vrna) that is 15,463 nucleotides in length. a cdna was constructed to encode an 898-nucleotide, internally deleted version of piv3 vrna, piv3-cat vrna, in which the viral genes were replaced with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene. the cat gene was flanked in turn by sequences representing (i) nontranslated sequences of the first and last genes in the piv3 genome, (ii) pi ... | 1993 | 8386276 |
| persistent infection with human parainfluenza virus 3 in cv-1 cells: analysis of the role of defective interfering particles. | persistent infection of cultured cells with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3), established following infection at high multiplicity, has been associated with the presence of one or more viral defective-interfering (di) particles in addition to standard viral genomes. we recently showed that persistent infection can also be established after low multiplicity infection, a condition not generally associated with amplification of di particles. the association of di particle genomes with persis ... | 1993 | 8386885 |
| polarity and fusion of jar choriocarcinoma cells as assessed by enveloped viral glycoproteins. | placental trophoblasts are epithelial cells which undergo physiological fusion and generate syncytia. in this study, a placental choriocarcinoma cell line jar was infected with two enveloped viruses, parainfluenza type 3 (p3) or vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). both viruses possess a fusion glycoprotein known to be able to induce polykaryon formation in nonpolarized cells. the p3 virus fusion protein was localized on the apical as well as on the basal plasma membrane domains of the infected jar ... | 1993 | 8388801 |
| molecular epidemiology of a parainfluenza type 3 virus outbreak on a pediatric ward. | parainfluenza type 3 virus (piv-3), an important cause of acute lower respiratory illness in children, can be transmitted nosocomially. to differentiate between nosocomial transmission and community-acquired infection, a polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing assay was developed for the 5' noncoding region of the piv-3 fusion protein gene and was applied to virus specimens from 10 children infected with piv-3 during a hospital outbreak. four strains of piv-3 were identified among the 10 viru ... | 1993 | 8388907 |
| virus-induced changes in airway responsiveness, morphology, and histamine levels in guinea pigs. | a significant increase in airway responsiveness to histamine was observed in vitro and in vivo 4 days after intratracheal inoculation of parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus to guinea pigs. light microscopic and ultrastructural examination of the central airways of animals inoculated with virus revealed stratification of the epithelial lining, with pronounced loss of cilia and granule-depleted goblet cells. in the peripheral airways, typical lesions of patchy alveolitis and bronchiolitis were found ... | 1993 | 8389111 |
| isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from cerebrospinal fluid associated with aseptic meningitis. | parainfluenza virus type 3 has been isolated from the cerebral spinal fluid (csf) from six individuals--four children and two adults--over a 10-year period. all had fever, and four had signs of meningitis. all recovered uneventfully, including one child undergoing chemotherapy for medulloblastoma. the clinical presentation of this child who developed parainfluenza virus type 3 meningitis is described, and the cases of five other individuals with parainfluenza virus type 3 isolated from the csf a ... | 1993 | 8391749 |
| immunopotentiation of bovine respiratory disease virus vaccines by interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-2. | three experiments, using 85 crossbred beef calves, were conducted to evaluate the adjuvanticity of single, multiple, and combined doses of recombinant bovine il-1 beta (rboil-1 beta) and recombinant bovine il-2 (rboil-2), with a modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1/parainfluenza-3 (bhv-1/pi-3) virus vaccine and a killed bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus vaccine. cytokines were administered intramuscularly at vaccination but at different injection sites. all cytokine treatments increased non-major ... | 1993 | 8393601 |
| suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by parainfluenza virus type 3-infected bovine alveolar macrophages. | lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin a (con a) or antigen in the presence of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) infected bovine alveolar macrophages (bam) or monocytes, had depressed [3h]thymidine incorporation. this failure of lymphocytes to incorporate radiolabel required live virus, was time dependent and was most pronounced when bam were infected for 48 hr prior to the addition of lymphocytes. the rate of infection of alveolar macrophages and the release of infectious virus into c ... | 1993 | 8393834 |
| rescue of synthetic analogs of genome rna of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | a simple system that allows expression and packaging of a foreign gene by human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) has been described. first, a cdna was constructed to encode an internally deleted version of hpiv-3 genome rna. the viral genes were replaced with a negative sense copy of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) reporter gene. in vitro run-off transcription with t7 rna polymerase synthesized an 870 nucleotide rna that contained the antisense coding region of the cat ... | 1993 | 8395122 |
| antiviral melanization reaction of heliothis virescens hemolymph against dna and rna viruses in vitro. | 1. antiviral activity of heliothis virescens larval hemolymph was determined using a cytotoxicity/virus inhibition test (tcld50) done in vero cell tissue cultures. excellent antiviral activity was found especially against herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2 and also against vesicular stomatitis, parainfluenza-3, coxsackie b3 and sindbis viruses. 2. prolonged incubation of herpes simplex virus-1 and vesicular stomatitis virus with hemolymph was virucidal and greatly reduced infectivity of the two vir ... | 1993 | 8395989 |
| role of the cytoplasmic domains of viral glycoproteins in antibody-induced cell surface mobility. | we have investigated the role of the cytoplasmic domains of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) and the parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3) fusion (f) glycoproteins as a determinant of their ability to undergo antibody-induced redistribution on plasma membranes. the viral envelope genes were truncated in their cytoplasmic domains by using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and expressed by using recombinant vaccinia viruses. in hela cells, the truncated ha (hat), like the full-length ha, did n ... | 1993 | 8396682 |
| development of a novel subunit vaccine that protects cotton rats against both human respiratory syncytial virus and human parainfluenza virus type 3. | a cotton rat model of experimental human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) infection was used to examine the efficacy of frhnp, a novel chimeric glycoprotein which contains the extracellular regions of the fusion glycoprotein of rsv and the attachment glycoprotein of piv-3, as a single subunit vaccine against these two viruses. this work was prompted by previous cotton rat studies that demonstrated that the major protective antigens of the two viruses ... | 1993 | 8397289 |
| relative affinity of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase for sialic acid correlates with virus-induced fusion activity. | the ability of enveloped viruses to cause disease depends on their ability to enter the host cell via membrane fusion events. an understanding of these early events in infection, crucial for the design of methods of blocking infection, is needed for viruses that mediate membrane fusion at neutral ph, such as paramyxoviruses and human immunodeficiency virus. sialic acid is the receptor for the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein, the molecule resp ... | 1993 | 8411349 |
| canine distemper virus l gene: sequence and comparison with related viruses. | we cloned the genomic rna of canine distemper virus (cdv) and determined the nucleotide sequence of the large (l) protein-coding gene. the l gene is 6573 nucleotides long and contains a single open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 2161 amino acids (mw 246,354). the precise 5' end of the viral genome consists of a 38-nucleotide leader region. the cdv l protein shows over 77% amino acid similarity with its morbilliform relative measles virus (mv) with nearly 67% of their amino acids conse ... | 1993 | 8438585 |
| viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory infections in pre-school nigerian children and clinical implications of multiple microbial identifications. | in a prospective study of acute lower respiratory infections (alri), at the university college hospital, uch, ibadan, 35 viral pathogens were identified by immunofluorescence (if) techniques from 24 (68.6%) respiratory specimens from 35 hospitalised pre-school children. the respiratory diagnoses comprised croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and pleural effusion. the viral identifications comprised 14 (40.0%) of parainfluenza virus type 3, 10 (28.6%) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 5 (14.3%) of ... | 1993 | 8512876 |
| epidemiological, viral and serological studies concerning the evolution of some acute respiratory diseases between november 1992 and march 1993 in nine districts of the south-east area of romania. | viral and serological studies led to the conclusion that parainfluenza type 3 and influenza type a(h3n2) viruses were the most implicated in the etiology of acute respiratory diseases (ard), viral pneumonia and clinical influenza in nine districts of the south-east area of romania during the november 1992-march 1993 period. epidemiological survey pointed on the 0-1 year group of age as the most affected by the above mentioned respiratory diseases. | 1993 | 9702251 |
| [membrane microviscosity in cell/virus systems]. | the use of fluorescent probes for the appraisal of microviscosity properties of cell membranes, both inside the lipid double layer and/or near the double layer surface, are today an usual tool in cell biology. in the present paper an attempt was made to establish if there are significant changes in the mechanical properties of the host cell membranes. | 1993 | 9702252 |
| virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in the guinea-pig: possible involvement of histamine and inflammatory cells. | 1. guinea-pig tracheal contractions by histamine and by the cholinoceptor agonist, arecoline, are significantly enhanced (30% and 20%, respectively), 96 h after intra-tracheal inoculation with parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus. 2. the airway hyperresponsiveness in animals inoculated with virus coincides with a significant increase in the number of broncho-alveolar cells (82%), and in the albumin concentration (121%) in lung lavage fluid, relative to values obtained in guinea-pigs challenged with cont ... | 1993 | 8097951 |
| meningitis due to parainfluenza virus type 3: report of two cases and review. | we report the cases of two infants with meningitis due to parainfluenza virus type 3. this is the first time that documented clinical and laboratory details have been reported for a 1-month-old infant with meningitis due to parainfluenza virus type 3 (our second case). we reviewed the literature and determined that cns involvement by parainfluenza virus type 3 appears rare. clinicians should be aware that parainfluenza virus type 3, one of the most common causes of viral respiratory infection in ... | 1993 | 8110958 |
| effects of parainfluenza type 3 virus on guinea pig pulmonary alveolar macrophage functions in vitro. | the influence of parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus on the release of inflammatory mediators by guinea pig pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pams) was investigated in vitro. direct application of pi-3 virus dose-dependently stimulated the generation of chemiluminescence by pams and induced aggregation of pams. no significant effects of pi-3 virus on the release of linoleic acid metabolites by pams were detected. however, an increased release of the arachidonic acid metabolite thromboxane b2 (txb2) ... | 1993 | 8112826 |
| studies with cross-linking reagents on the oligomeric form of the paramyxovirus fusion protein. | the oligomeric form of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) fusion (f) glycoprotein has been examined by using chemical cross-linking and sucrose density gradient fractionation. in addition, chemical cross-linking was used to examine the kinetics of assembly of the f oligomer. analysis by sds-page on 3.5% gels of the cross-linked f molecules indicated three major species with calculated molecular weights of m(r) approximately 65, m(r) approximately 130, and m(r) approximately 195 kda, suggesti ... | 1994 | 8116239 |
| proteolytic cleavage of wild type and mutants of the f protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 by two subtilisin-like endoproteases, furin and kex2. | the fusion (f) protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 contains the tribasic cleavage site r-t-k-r, which was altered by site-directed mutagenesis. wild-type f protein and various mutants were expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. the endogenous endoprotease present in cv-1 cells cleaves f variants containing the furin recognition motif r-x-k/r-r but not variants containing the dibasic site k-r or a single r at the cleavage site. a similar cleavage pattern was obtained when the subtilis ... | 1994 | 8139055 |
| rapid detection of parainfluenza virus type 3 rna in respiratory specimens: use of reverse transcription-pcr-enzyme immunoassay. | parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), an important lower respiratory tract pathogen in young children and immunocompromised individuals, may be underdiagnosed because of the insensitivity of available culturing systems and delay in identification of virus in cell culture. we developed a reverse transcription-pcr-enzyme immunoassay (rt-pcr-eia) for piv-3, using primers specific for a highly conserved region of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene. testing of nasal washes spiked with piv-3 or other ... | 1994 | 8150961 |
| paramyxovirus mediated cell fusion requires co-expression of both the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoproteins. | syncytia formation in either cv-1 or hela t4+ cells required recombinant expression of both fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins from the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv2), and simian virus 5 (sv5). in this system, recombinant t7 transcription vectors (pt7-5 or pgem) containing f or hn, were transfected individually or in combination into cells previously infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing t7 rna polymer ... | 1994 | 8165862 |
| analysis of respiratory syncytial virus f, g, and sh proteins in cell fusion. | recombinant expression of the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein, receptor-binding glycoprotein (g), and small hydrophobic (sh) protein was performed to determine the role(s) of these proteins in syncytia formation. these studies used a vaccinia virus expressing the bacteriophage (t7) rna polymerase gene and plasmid vectors containing the rsv genes under the control of a t7 promoter. within the context of this expression system, expression of any individual rsv gene, ... | 1994 | 8178462 |
| [pathogenesis of congenital hydrocephalus: role of transplacental myxovirus infection]. | several pediatric cases of hydrocephalus after mumps virus infection, have been reported. these cases are thought to be caused by ependymitis due to mumps virus infection. clinical cases of congenital hydrocephalus possibly caused by intrauterine mumps virus infection are also accumulating. however, it has not yet been made clear whether mumps virus can pass through the human placenta and cause hydrocephalus. our experimental studies demonstrated that mumps and parainfluenza virus type 3 could i ... | 1994 | 8185971 |
| use of pcr-enzyme immunoassay for identification of influenza a virus matrix rna in clinical samples negative for cultivable virus. | influenza a virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. standard diagnostic methods either are not efficient in identifying infected individuals in a timely manner or lack sensitivity. we developed a pcr-enzyme immunoassay (pcr-eia) for the detection of influenza a virus rna in respiratory secretions. a reverse transcription pcr was performed with oligonucleotide primers directed at a highly conserved area of the influenza a matrix gene. amplified dna was identified ... | 1994 | 8195369 |
| field study of undifferentiated respiratory disease in housed beef calves. | a severe outbreak of undifferentiated respiratory disease affecting 119 of 144 (82.6 per cent) two- to five-month-old housed beef calves was studied by monitoring their clinical signs and rectal temperatures daily or every second day for two months. new cases of respiratory disease, which were first identified three weeks after the calves were housed, occurred over a period of 29 days. the cause of the outbreak was not conclusively determined although 20 per cent of the calves sampled showed ser ... | 1994 | 8203107 |
| incidence of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis, and viral infections in pneumonia cases under six months of age, bangkok, thailand. | the incidence of infections by mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis and respiratory viruses was investigated in 76 pneumonic patients aged under 6 months who attended ramathibodi and siriraj hospitals in bangkok during two study periods. m. pneumoniae infection was not found in any case from either hospital by serological diagnosis. by the isolation method, c. trachomatis infection was found in 7(16.7%) of 42 patients from ramathibodi hospital and 5(21.7%) of 23 patients from siriraj hos ... | 1994 | 7667709 |
| post-infantile giant cell hepatitis in an elderly female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | a 69-year-old japanese female was admitted because of general fatigue. laboratory data showed elevation of serum total bilirubin, transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and creatinine levels. an immunological study revealed hypergammaglobulinemia, low titer of complement, and high titers of antinuclear antibody, anti-dna antibody, and circulating immune complexes. antibodies to parainfluenza virus 3 were positive. histology of the liver disclosed numerous giant cell hepatocyte transformati ... | 1994 | 8061807 |
| positions +5 and +6 can be major determinants of the efficiency of non-aug initiation codons for protein synthesis. | only rarely do gug (or cug or acg) codons which precede the 5'-proximal aug function as initiators of protein synthesis, even when they are within a context that contains a purine at position -3 and a g at +4. for example, the upstream gug of the human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) p gene is initiated by ribosomes at high frequency, whereas a seemingly similar gug codon in the hpiv3 p gene is not used at all. we have examined the reasons for this by expressing chimeric hpiv3/hpiv1 mrnas, bo ... | 1994 | 8062835 |
| fatal, generalized bovine herpesvirus type-1 infection associated with a modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine administered to neonatal calves. | generalized bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection was diagnosed in six salers calves from the same herd. the calves had received an intramuscular injection of modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis parainfluenza-3 vaccine between birth and three days of age. the purpose of this study was to determine if the outbreak was associated with the vaccine strain of bhv-1. analysis of epidemiological data and bhv-1 dna for restriction fragment length polymorphism was undertaken. multifocal necr ... | 1994 | 8076277 |
| non-specific interstitial pneumonia (nip): immunohistologic screening of etiologic agents. | non-specific interstitial pneumonia (nip) occurs frequently in patients with hiv-infection. to elucidate the etiology of this pulmonary disorder, we searched for 13 different microorganisms in transbronchial biopsies from 15 patients with nip, 15 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and 20 patients with lung diseases not related to hiv-infection using monoclonal antibodies and the apaap- or pap-technique for immunostaining. chlamydia trachomatis and parainfluenza iii were detected ... | 1994 | 7893990 |
| correlation of proteolytic cleavage of f protein precursors in paramyxoviruses with expression of the fur, pace4 and pc6 genes in mammalian cells. | the fusion (f) protein precursor of virulent newcastle disease virus (ndv) strains and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) has a multibasic amino acid sequence at the cleavage site, and intracellular cleavage activation occurs in a variety of cells. the host protease responsible for the cleavage has been proposed to be a subtilisin-like protease (subtilase) such as furin (the product of the fur gene). we found that the lymphocyte cell lines molt-4, ramos and daudi, in addition to nalm6, lac ... | 1994 | 7931173 |
| the effectiveness of a u-v toothbrush sanitizing device in reducing the number of bacteria, yeasts and viruses on toothbrushes. | sixty-six sterile toothbrushes were exposed to one of the following microorganisms: staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, bacillis subtilis, serratia marcescens and baker's yeast. the pollenex ds60 daily dental sanitizer was found to be effective in substantially reducing the number of retained bacteria and yeasts as compared to contaminated toothbrushes not treated with such a device. different toothbrush types had different response rates. seventy-two sterile toothbr ... | 1994 | 7931767 |
| survey of antibodies against various infectious disease agents in racing camels in abu dhabi, united arab emirates. | prevalence of antibodies against some important disease agents in sera from racing camels in abu dhabi (united arab emirates) is reported. antibodies against brucella abortus were detected in 1.5% of racing camels, but only 0.76% had titres sufficient for the animals to be considered infected. the complement fixation test revealed antibodies against coxiella burnetii (causative agent of q fever) in 7.9% of camels (with a geometrical mean titre of 13) and against parainfluenza virus type 3 in 5.6 ... | 1994 | 7949353 |
| paramyxovirus mrna editing leads to g deletions as well as insertions. | paramyxoviruses are thought to edit their p gene mrnas co-transcriptionally, by a mechanism in which the polymerase stutters and reads the same template base more than once. sendai virus (sev) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) are closely related viruses, but sev edits its p gene mrna with the insertion of a single g residue (at approximately 50% frequency) within the sequence 5' a6g3, whereas bpiv3 inserts 1 to approximately 6 gs at roughly equal frequency within the sequence 5' a6g ... | 1994 | 7957115 |
| effects of supplemental chromium on antibody responses of newly weaned feedlot calves to immunization with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and parainfluenza 3 virus. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental dietary chromium (cr) on antibody responses of feedlot calves. fifty-five newly weaned calves were divided into two groups, 28 that received supplemental cr and 27 that did not, and were immunized with a commercial vaccine against bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus (ibr) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(pi-3). sera harvested from blood sampled preimmunization, and at days 14 and 28 postimmunization (pi), were assay ... | 1994 | 8004541 |
| infection and immunoregulation of t lymphocytes by parainfluenza virus type 3. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a major cause of disease in newborns and infants. it also has a striking potential to reinfect individuals throughout their lives, suggesting that hpiv3 does not induce lifelong immunity; however, the operative mechanism for the failure to prevent reinfection is not known. we have assessed the potential of the virus to infect nontransformed human t lymphocytes and have found that t cells are readily infected by the virus. productive infection requires ... | 1994 | 8022774 |
| bovine parainfluenza-3 virus selectively depletes a calcium-independent, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase c and inhibits superoxide anion generation in bovine alveolar macrophages. | bovine parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus inhibits oxygen-dependent bacterial killing by phagocytes, a key pulmonary defense, thus predisposing the host to intrapulmonary bacterial superinfection. pi-3 virus inhibited opsonized zymosan or pma-activated superoxide anion (o2-) generation in bovine alveolar macrophages. the respiratory virus influenza also inhibits o2- generation by phagocytes, however, the mechanisms(s) of viral inhibition differs from pi-3. pi-3 did not trigger o2- generation before in ... | 1994 | 8027547 |
| an update on approaches to the development of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) vaccines. | rsv and piv3 are responsible for about 30% of severe viral respiratory tract disease leading to hospitalization of infants and children. for this reason, there is a need to develop vaccines effective against these viruses. since these viruses cause severe disease in early infancy, vaccines must be effective in the presence of maternal antibody. currently, several strategies for immunization against these viruses are being explored including peptide vaccines, subunit vaccines, vectored vaccines ( ... | 1994 | 8030364 |
| viral cross-reactivity and antigenic determinants recognized by human parainfluenza virus type 1-specific cytotoxic t-cells. | to obtain information relevant to vaccination against human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv-1), cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses to individual viral components were tested. the cd8-positive t-cell fraction was first enriched from human, adult pbl and grown for several passages in the presence of hpiv-1-infected stimulator cells. t-cell lines were then tested for ctl activity toward hpiv-1 and toward the related viruses hpiv-3 and sendai virus (the murine parainfluenza type 1 virus). all t ... | 1994 | 7510085 |
| identification of an aprotinin antiviral domain. | digestion of the proteinase inhibitor aprotinin, by clostripain, a cysteine proteinase, yielded five oligopeptide fragments. two fragments exhibited both antiviral and antibacterial activities, two fragments only antiviral activity, and one fragment showed no antimicrobial activity. one of the former oligopeptides showed antiviral activity against human herpes simplex virus type 1 and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3. it consisted of the hexapeptide y-f-y-n-a-k corresponding to amino acids 21-2 ... | 1994 | 7514546 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3 induced alterations in tachykinin nk1 receptors, substance p levels and respiratory functions in guinea pig airways. | we have investigated the effects of parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3) on sensory neuropeptide levels, tachykinin receptors and their functions in guinea pig airways during the course of respiratory viral infection. pi-3 infected guinea pigs were hyperresponsive to methacholine and substance p aerosols as determined by earlier onset of dyspnea in these animals as compared with control on post-inoculation day (pid) 7 but not 19. in addition, plasma protein extravasation produced in response to the ... | 1994 | 7528681 |
| cell-to-cell contact not soluble factors mediate suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by bovine parainfluenza virus type 3. | we have previously characterized the ability of parainfluenza virus type 3-infected (piv-3) and noninfected bovine alveolar macrophages (bam) to support lymphocyte proliferation. while uninfected macrophages support proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin a (con a), ovalbumin, and interleukin 2 (il-2), lymphocyte [3h]thymidine incorporation was suppressed in the presence of piv-3-infected bam. since viral infection of macrophages has been shown to alter arachidonic acid metabol ... | 1994 | 7598785 |
| a prototype recombinant vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3. | we have produced a genetically-engineered chimeric protein composed of the external domains of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein and the parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. the yield of the soluble chimeric frsv-hnpiv-3 protein could be increased approximately 2-fold by using trichoplasia ni (high five) insect cells in place of spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) for expression. the ch ... | 1994 | 7765021 |
| recombinant type 5 adenoviruses expressing bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 glycoproteins protect sigmodon hispidus cotton rats from bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. | cotton rats were used to study the replication and pathogenesis of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) and to test the efficacy of the f and hn glycoproteins in modulating infection. in vitro cultures of cotton rat lung cells supported the growth of bpiv3 as shown by virus recovery, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and syncytium induction. intranasal (i.n.) inoculation of cotton rats with 10(7) pfu resulted in peak recovery of virus after 2 days (8 x 10(4) pfu/g of lung tissue) and ... | 1995 | 7769692 |
| localization of a domain on the paramyxovirus attachment protein required for the promotion of cellular fusion by its homologous fusion protein spike. | the promotion of membrane fusion by the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins requires that they be derived from homologous viruses, suggesting the possibility that the promotion of fusion requires a virus-specific communication between the two glycoprotein spikes. we have evaluated the ability of chimeric hn proteins, composed of domains from the hn proteins of two heterologous members of the group, human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) and newcastle disease virus ... | 1995 | 7778280 |
| sequence variation in the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of human parainfluenza virus type 3 isolates in the uk. | the sequence variation in a 934 base-pair region of the gene encoding the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase of five human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) isolates was determined together with that of a prototype uk strain. all of the clinical isolates were from the manchester area of the uk and were obtained in 1990, 1991 and 1993. the gene segment was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using hpiv3-specific oligonucleotide primers. the nucleotide homology of the strains was high, around 99 ... | 1995 | 7781737 |
| current approaches to the development of vaccines against disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus (piv). a meeting report of the who programme for vaccine development. | the paramyxoviruses respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) are the two most common agents of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children throughout the world. rsv causes yearly epidemics of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children, while piv3 is a common cause of bronchiolitis, pneumonia and croup. together these two agents account for up to 30% of all hospitalizations of infants and young children for respiratory tract disease ... | 1995 | 7793140 |
| respiratory virus antibodies in adults of a norwegian community: prevalences and risk factors. | the aims were to examine prevalences as well as demographic and environmental predictors of respiratory virus antibodies in serum. | 1995 | 7797347 |
| topical immunoglobulin is an effective therapy for parainfluenza type 3 in a cotton rat model. | a cotton rat model was used to test the efficacy of topical immunotherapy against parainfluenza type 3 (piv3) infection. on day 3 after experimental infection with 10(5.5) pfu of piv3, animals were treated with 2-fold dilutions of convalescent cotton rat serum or with one of two purified human immunoglobulin preparations; all three had moderate titers of anti-piv3 neutralizing antibody (range, 1:200-1:1000). therapy with high concentrations of all three preparations resulted in significant reduc ... | 1995 | 7797921 |
| antibody to interleukin-5 inhibits virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in guinea pigs. | in humans, respiratory viral infections lead to increased airway responsiveness and exacerbations of asthma. in the present study, the role of interleukin-5 (il-5) in virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation was examined in guinea pigs. in animals treated with control antibody, parainfluenza-3 virus significantly potentiated (219%) the histamine-induced increase in lung resistance compared with vehicle treatment. in addition, viral infection significantly increased (130 to 450%) ... | 1995 | 7812550 |
| virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs is related to a deficiency in nitric oxide. | intratracheal inoculation of parainfluenza type 3 virus to guinea pigs induces a marked increase in airway responsiveness in vivo and in vitro. in spontaneously breathing anesthetized guinea pigs inhalation of an aerosol containing the nitric oxide (no) precursor l-arginine (2.0 mm) completely prevented the virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine. in addition, perfusion of l-arginine (200 microm) or the direct no-donor s-nitroso-n-acetyl-penicillamine (snap, 1 microm) through the l ... | 1995 | 7814624 |
| characterization of a live, attenuated human parainfluenza type 3 virus candidate vaccine strain. | characterization of a temperature-sensitive and live, attenuated human parainfluenza type 3 virus strain (cp45) grown at a permissive temperature (32 degrees c) suggested that the virus efficiently multiplies in cell lines and retains antigenic and functional properties of the envelope glycoproteins. when grown at a nonpermissive temperature (39.5 degrees c), the cp45 virus exhibited poor replication; however, shifting to a permissive temperature allowed virus growth. although at a nonpermissive ... | 1995 | 7853542 |
| asthma-associated viruses specifically induce lung stromal cells to produce interleukin-11, a mediator of airways hyperreactivity. | 1995 | 7874994 | |
| primary cytotoxic response of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes to parainfluenza type 3 virus infection. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from calves following parainfluenza type-3 (pi-3) virus infection and incubated with autologous and non-autologous pi-3 virus-infected muscle cells in a 4 h chromium release assay. peaks of cytotoxicity, which ranged from 12% to 53% were observed between days 6 and 9 post infection, with an effector to target cell ratio of 100:1. killing of pi-3 virus-infected or uninfected mismatched muscle cells was never more than 5%. | 1995 | 7604540 |
| peptide motif of a cattle mhc class i molecule. | a consensus motif for a bovine major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule, a20, was derived from parainfluenza type-3 (pi-3) virus-infected muscle-derived fibroblast cells and peripheral blood leukocytes by extraction of the naturally processed peptides from mhc class i molecules by treatment with tfa and peptide sequencing of the complex mixture. the results showed that the majority of peptides were 9 amino acids long with position 2 occupied by lysine and position 9 occupied by ar ... | 1995 | 7622180 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3 phosphoprotein: identification of serine 333 as the major site for pkc zeta phosphorylation. | the human parainfluenza virus type 3 p protein is an rna polymerase subunit involved in both transcription and replication during the life cycle of the virus. our laboratory has recently shown that the p protein is phosphorylated both in vitro and in vivo by the cellular protein kinase c (pkc) isoform zeta and that this phosphorylation is essential for viral replication. to identify the site(s) of phosphorylation, we have used cnbr cleavage, phosphoamino acid analysis, and two-dimensional trypti ... | 1995 | 7645259 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3: analysis of the cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane anchor of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein in promoting cell fusion. | the role of the cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane anchor of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein in promoting cell fusion was investigated. a series of amino terminal deletion mutants (d10, d20, d27, d31, d40, d44, and d73) were compared for processing, cell surface expression, and maintenance of their biological attributes by recombinant expression of mutant genes using a plasmid vector (pcdl-sr alpha-296) in cv-1 and hela cells. to determi ... | 1995 | 7653094 |
| equine herpesvirus 2 in pulmonary macrophages of horses. | in a search of viral agents in pulmonary macrophages of horses with chronic pulmonary disease, equine herpesvirus 2 was found to be unique. in 8 of 9 horses with chronic pulmonary disease, antigens of equine herpesvirus 2 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining of scattered foamy macrophages immediately after harvesting by bronchoalveolar lavage and fractionation on metrizamide gradients. in a healthy horse, antigens were not found. after 1 week of cultivation of bronchoalveolar la ... | 1995 | 7653883 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of benzyl-substituted imidazo [1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine (5,8-diaza-7,9-dideazapurine) derivatives. | a variety of imidazo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine derivatives carrying c-, o-, and s-benzyl and/or 4-methylbenzyl groups were synthesized and examined for their inhibitory effects on the replication of ortho- and paramyxoviruses. the key compounds 8-r-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroimidazo [1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazin-4(1h)-ones 3a,b,d were synthesized by chlorotrimethylsilane/hmds-effected cyclization--rearrangement of the corresponding 6-amino-5-(formylamino)-5-r-2-mercaptopyrimidin-4(5h)-ones 2a,b,d (r = benzyl, 4-me ... | 1995 | 7658442 |
| asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood and viral examinations. | we report on an asymmetric maculopapular exanthem of early childhood. one hundred eighty seven patients (111 girls, 76 boys) were examined over a four-year period, mainly in winter and spring. the first skin lesions appeared on the trunk or in the large flexures of the limbs. they spread centrifugally, often to the contralateral side, over two to four weeks, and disappeared with slight itching and moderate desquamation within another two to four weeks. virologic studies were carried out in 34 ca ... | 1995 | 7659637 |
| isolation and characterization of a naturally occurring parainfluenza 3 virus variant. | a parainfluenza 3 virus variant which failed to react with parainfluenza 3 virus-specific monoclonal anti-bodies from two commercial sources was isolated from a 14-month-old boy. analysis of the coding region of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene identified 36 nucleotide changes and 4 amino acid changes compared with a consensus sequence derived from strains isolated from 1957 through 1983. two unique amino acid changes occurred at positions 174 and 283, which are close to identified epitopes ... | 1995 | 7665656 |
| parainfluenza virus type-3 infection attenuates the respiratory effects of antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs. | respiratory viral infections not only exacerbate asthma symptoms but may also be important in the pathogenesis of the disease. we therefore explored the effects of respiratory viral infection on the respiratory response of sensitized guinea pigs to antigen challenge. lung tissue obtained from uninfected guinea pigs sensitized to ovalbumin aerosol released histamine upon incubation with the antigen in vitro. after antigen challenge in vivo, sensitized animals had significantly greater numbers of ... | 1995 | 7552573 |
| a live human parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccine is attenuated and immunogenic in healthy infants and children. | the safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, and phenotypic stability of the cold-passaged (cp) candidate vaccine cp-45, a cold-adapted (ca), temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of the js strain of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3), was evaluated in 114 children 6 months to 10 years old in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. the cp-45 vaccine was well tolerated when given intranasally to parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3)-seropositive and -seronegative children. with 10(4) or ... | 1995 | 7594701 |
| quantitative measurement of paramyxovirus fusion: differences in requirements of glycoproteins between simian virus 5 and human parainfluenza virus 3 or newcastle disease virus. | to compare the requirements for paramyxovirus-mediated cell fusion, the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoproteins of simian virus 5 (sv5), human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv-3), and newcastle disease virus (ndv) were expressed individually or coexpressed in either homologous or heterologous combinations in cv-1 or hela-t4 cells, using the vaccinia virus-t7 polymerase transient expression system. the contribution of individual glycoproteins in virus-induced membrane fusion was ... | 1995 | 7474081 |
| differences in the role of the cytoplasmic domain of human parainfluenza virus fusion proteins. | we have investigated the roles of the cytoplasmic domains of the human parainfluenza virus type 2 (pi2) and type 3 (pi3) fusion (f) proteins in protein transport and cell fusion activity. by using the vaccinia virus-t7 transient expression system, a series of f protein cytoplasmic tail truncation mutants was studied with respect to intracellular and surface expression and the ability to induce cell fusion when coexpressed with the corresponding hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) proteins. all of t ... | 1995 | 7474124 |
| antibody responses by cattle after vaccination with commercial viral vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus immunogens and subsequent revaccination at day 140. | calves were vaccinated with four different commercial viral vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) immunogens. for the initial vaccination certain vaccines were given twice (days 0 and 28), whereas other vaccines were given on day 0. the calves received another injection on day 140 with the vaccine originally given on day 0. the sera were collected at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 5 ... | 1995 | 7483787 |
| evaluation of the antiviral activity of n-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-aspartate against paramyxoviruses in tissue culture and against respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats. | n-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-aspartate (pala), a potent inhibitor of l-aspartic acid transcarbamoylase, was evaluated for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against three different paramyxoviruses in tissue culture, and for antiviral efficacy and toxicity in vivo using a cotton rat-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) model. significant in vitro cytotoxicity was observed in proliferating cultures of hep-2 (ic50 = 250 micrograms/ml) and vero cells (ic50 = 32 micrograms/ml), but was less evident in culture ... | 1995 | 7486959 |