Publications

scanning electron microscopy of the skin and skin appendages of the camel (camelus dromedarius).		1987	3433901
distribution of the renal vein in the kidney of the dromedary (camelus dromedarius).	the venous drainage of the kidney of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) was studied in 17 kidneys of male and female adult animals. injection of latex, plastoid as well as radiopaque substance (40% barium sulfate) were used to follow the distribution of the renal vein through the kidney tissue. the renal vein of the camel is unique as it gives off vv. interlobares i which drain the ventral half of the kidney, in addition to large cranial and caudal stem vessels from which vv. interlobare ...	1987	3453584
reproduction in the male llama (lama glama), a south american camelid. i. spermatogenesis and organization of the intertubular space of the mature testis.	the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium of the llama was divided into eight stages, using as criteria the shape and distribution of the germ cell nuclei, the location of the spermatids, the presence of meiotic figures and the release of spermatozoa from the tubular wall. cell populations making up each stage are described. the relative frequencies of stages 1 through 8 were: 9.86, 12.46, 17.65, 14.12, 5.81, 8.09, 13.04 and 18.89%, respectively. in the seminiferous epithelium, spermatogonia of t ...	1987	3618099
microsporum gypseum infection in a gray wolf (canis lupus) and a camel (camelus bactrianus) in a zoological garden.		1987	3657852
a histochemical study on the innervation of the pancreas of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius).	autonomic innervation of the pancreas of the camel has been studied using histochemical techniques for the demonstration of adrenergic and cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase-positive) nerves. both extrinsic and intrinsic innervation of the pancreas were found. distinct peri-acinar, perivascular, peri-insular and periductal plexuses were found as well as both adrenergic and cholinergic ganglia. the role of the autonomic nerves in the synthesis and release of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin is d ...	1987	3654346
the prevalence and pathology of eimeria infections in camels in saudi arabia.	three-hundred and eighty five saudi arabian camels were surveyed for eimeria infections and the pathology investigated. eimeria dromedarii, e. rajasthani and e. cameli were detected, e. dromedarii being the most prevalent and e. cameli the least. infections were more prevalent along the humid coastal areas than in the arid interior. all three parasites are pathogenic to young camel calves causing enteritis due to the destruction of intestinal mucosa by their giant schizonts. older camels are ooc ...	1987	3611431
fine structure of the gene's organ in the camel tick hyalomma (hyalomma) dromedarii (ixodoidea: ixodidae).	gene's organ of the camel tick hyalomma (hyalomma) dromedarii is located in the anterodorsal region of the body cavity ventrad to the scutum. it consists of a short stalk, dividing posteriorly into 2 pairs of horns and then into tubular glands. in unfed ticks, the epithelial layer of both the stalk and horns is lined internally by 2 cuticular layers; an inner, thin, greatly folded, dense layer surrounds the organ main lumen, and an outer, thick, slightly folded, less dense layer abuts the cell a ...	1987	3612816
thyroid hormones, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the camel.	thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, triglyceride and cholesterol were measured in the serum of clinically healthy male camels. thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine levels, which were assayed by an immunoabsorbent method, were not correlated with either age or cholesterol levels.	1987	3616154
induction of luteal activity and progesterone secretion in the nonpregnant one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius).	corpora lutea (n = 20) were detected in 5 one-humped female camels studied during a period of 4 months. complete mating by a vasectomized male, male introduction into the pen of females without mating, or a progesterone decrease from a previous corpus luteum were followed by a similar progesterone pattern. a maximal plasma concentration of 4.5 +/- 1.5 ng progesterone/ml (2.7-8.8 ng/ml) occurred 8.55 +/- 1.32 days (6-11 days) after the inducing stimulus. luteal regression, beginning 8.65 +/- 1.18 ...	1987	3598953
contribution to a knowledge of the morphogenesis of the nasal apparatus of the dromedary (camelus dromedarius) l.).		1987	3692382
beta-endorphin: peripheral opioid activity of homologues from six species.	the peripheral opioid activity of six homologous beta-endorphins (beta-eps) were assayed on the guinea pig ileum and the vas deferens of the mouse, the rat and the rabbit. in the guinea pig ileum assay, human beta-ep (beta h-ep) was less potent than camel, turkey, and ostrich beta-eps, of the same potency as equine beta-ep and more active than des-acetyl salmon beta-ep. in the rat vas deferens, mammalian beta-eps showed higher activity than those from the bird and the fish, whereas in the mouse ...	1987	2954920
prevalence of antibodies to some viral pathogens, brucella abortus and toxoplasma gondii in serum from camels (camelus dromedarius) in sudan.		1987	2825450
isolation of camel pox virus in india.		1987	2827839
failure of trypanosoma (nannomonas) simiae to infect camels (camelus dromedarius).		1987	2884844
normal serum activities of some diagnostic enzymes in dromedary camel in sudan.	76 adult camel (30 males and 46 females) sera were surveyed for the normal activities of alkaline phosphatase (alp), alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), creatine phospho-kinase (cpk), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). the values recorded for the above enzymes were compared to other data in the literature.	1987	2888228
bacterial disease of dromedaries and bacterian camels.		1987	32370336
trypanosomiasis in the camel (camelus dromedarius).		1987	32370333
multiplicity of interactions between dromedary hemoglobin and solvent components. a structural and functional study.	the interaction of dromedary hemoglobin with various solvent components [2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid (cfa), 2,3-bisphospho-d-glycerate (glycerate-2,3-p2) and chloride] has been studied. 1. cfa greatly lowers the oxygen affinity of dromedary hemoglobin. 2. the oxygen-linked cfa binding sites are probably located in the deoxy derivative at the alpha cleft, while in the oxy form and in the presence of two other effectors (glycerate-2,3-p2 and chloride) additional, structurally and po ...	1988	3169019
the arabian race camel normal parameters--i. haemogram, enzymes and minerals.	1. racing camels' (camelus dromedarius) normal blood parameters were determined in al-ain, u.a.e. the parameters were: packed cell volume, haemoglobin, total red and white blood cells, the activities of glutamate oxaloacetate (got), creatinine kinase (ck), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-gt) and ck muscle-brain isoenzyme and the concentrations of creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper and iron. 2. most blood parameters were fou ...	1988	2900118
effects of maximal exercise on the blood composition of the racing camel.	haematological and blood biochemical changes were studied in nine camels after maximal exercise over 4 or 5 km. there was a lack of splenic reserve for red blood cells, indicated by a minimal increase in haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit. there were marked increases in plasma lactate (to over 20 mmol/litre), plasma ammonia and plasma glucose and a pronounced decrease in circulating free fatty acids. there were small but significant increases in plasma calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassiu ...	1988	3195011
scanning electron and light microscopic studies on the development of the oral mucosa of camel (camelus dromedarius).		1988	3195184
ultrastructure of the adrenal cortex of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius).		1988	3195188
the relationship between ultrastructure and function of formed elements in camel blood. 2. the lymphocytes.		1988	3195191
delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in blood of egyptian camel and buffalo.		1988	3219029
oxygen binding properties, capillary densities and heart weights in high altitude camelids.	the oxygen binding properties of the blood of the camelid species vicuna, llama, alpaca and dromedary camel were measured and evaluated with respect to interspecific differences. the highest blood oxygen affinity, not only among camelids but of all mammals investigated so far, was found in the vicuna (p50 = 17.6 torr compared to 20.3-21.6 torr in the other species). low hematocrits (23-34%) and small red blood cells (21-30 microns 3) are common features of all camelids, but the lowest values are ...	1988	3220989
ultrastructure of the nephron of the one-humped camel, camelus dromedarius.	the nephron of the one-humped camel camelus dromedarius was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. besides the many features common to other mammalian kidneys, the nephron of the camel is unique in having an unusually thick basal lamina underlying the epithelial cells of the nephron, the thickest being found in part of the parietal layer of bowman's capsule and the thin limb of the loop of henle. in the latter, the membrane usually appears lamellated and contains numerous ti ...	1988	3221405
dependence of o2 transfer conductance of red blood cells on cellular dimensions.	to estimate the significance of the dimensions of rbc on o2 transfer, the kinetics of o2 release from rbc into medium containing dithionite (40 mmol/l) was measured, by a stopped-flow technique, for nine different species with varying rbc size (man, llama, vicuna, alpaca, dromedary camel, pygmy goat, domestic hen, muscovy duck and turtle). the observed o2 transfer kinetics were found to be size-dependent, i.e. the o2 transfer conductance of the single rbc, gst, was lower, whereas the specific o2 ...	1988	3364283
the ionic content of parasitic cysts in man, camel and sheep in riyadh, saudi arabia.		1988	3373064
the occurrence of infectious diseases in mixed farming of domesticated wild herbivores and livestock in kenya. ii. bacterial diseases.	the prevalence of antibodies to brucella spp., mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the mycoplasma spp. causing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia was determined in various species of ruminants on a ranch in the semi-arid zone of southeastern kenya. antibody titers to brucella spp. were found in eland (taurotragus oryx), oryx (oryx beisa) and camels (camelus dromedarius). reactors were not found in buffalo (syncerus caffer), sheep (ovis aries) and goats (capra ...	1988	3373635
effect of polyanions on the spectroscopic properties of the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous dromedary (camelus dromedarius) hemoglobin.	the effect of inositol hexakisphosphate, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, dextran sulphate, and heparin on the spectroscopic (absorbance, circular dichroism, epr) properties of the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous dromedary (camelus dromedarius) hemoglobin was investigated. the results obtained show that: (i) all polyanions bind to the protein at the same sites, but with different affinities; (ii) polyanions affect the protein conformation of the ferrous nitrosyl derivative in a different way with resp ...	1988	2454290
[uncommon facial mutilation by camel bite].		1988	2465727
electron microscopic studies on the morphogenesis of the lingual gustatory papillae of camel (camelus dromedarius). ii. morphogenesis of the circumvallate papillae.		1988	3414148
interaction of organic azides with purified camel glutathione s-transferase.	a series of organic azides was synthesized and was tested as inhibitors of purified camel glutathione s-transferases. enzymes purified from camel liver, lung, and kidney were inhibited reversibly by these compounds in a concentration-dependent pattern. the liver glutathione s-transferase was more sensitive to inhibition by most of these compounds and the lung enzyme was the least affected. the most effective reversible inhibitors of the tested organic azides for the purified camel liver enzyme w ...	1988	3377903
prevalence of toxoplasmosis in saudi arabian camels (camelus dromedarius).	serum samples from 227 saudi arabian camels were examined for toxoplasma gondii antibodies by the indirect haemagglutination test, using a microtitre technique. agglutinations (greater than 2+) occurring at 1:64 dilution were considered positive. a total of 36 (16%) camels were serologically positive for toxoplasmosis, giving titres ranging between 1:64 and 1:8192. the prevalence was much higher in female compared to male camels and in adults compared to young individuals.	1988	3388734
multiplicity of different stable quaternary conformations in ferric hemoglobin from camelus dromedarius. modulation by small anions.	the effect of small anions in modulating polyphosphate-induced conformational changes in ferric dromedary hemoglobin (camelus dromedarius) was investigated. the results obtained indicate that: i) in solution, the simultaneous presence of polyphosphate and small anions is essential to obtain quaternary changes in the protein; ii) the charge, rather than the size or sterical configuration, mainly affects the quaternary structural equilibrium of the macromolecule; iii) three distinct, stable quater ...	1988	3401330
outbreak of camel contagious ecthyma in central somalia.		1988	3194979
electron microscopic studies on the thymus of the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius).	the thymus of young camels contained 2 main cell types: lymphocytes and epithelial reticular cells (er). 3 types of er cells were observed and described. 2 types from these cells showed secretory activities, meanwhile, the third type had well developed tonofilaments. hassall's corpuscles were noted in the medulla and were composed of degenerative concentrically arranged er cells. the functional morphology of the above mentioned structures was discussed.	1988	3207189
onchocerca armillata railliet and henry, 1909 and onchocerca gutturosa (neumann, 1910) in camels (camelus dromedarius l.) in the sudan.	a study undertaken to determine the onchocerca species infecting camels that live in the same localities as cattle in the dinder region, blue nile province, sudan revealed concurrent infections with the bovine parasites onchocerca armillata in the thoracic aorta, brachiocephalic trunks and brachial arteries and onchocerca gutturosa in the ventral side of the lamellar parts of the ligamentum nuchae. the microfilariae of both species had the same predilection sites in the skin of the ears, head an ...	1988	3222922
a study of the genital organs of the female dromedary (camelus dromedarius).	camels (416 pregnant, 118 non-involuted post partum and 730 non-pregnant) were examined post mortem. large follicles (greater than 10 mm), small follicles (5-10 mm) and non-functional ovaries were observed in 144 (20.7%), 127 (18.3%) and 424 (61.0%) respectively out of 695 normal non-pregnant organs. season did not exert any significant influence on the frequency of these groups. recently formed and regressing cl after sterile mating were occasionally seen. corpora albicantia (3-15 mm) were the ...	1988	3361493
hydatidosis in camels in kuwait.	infection of indigenous camels, camelus dromedarius, with hydatid cysts has been recorded for the first time in kuwait. from february 1982 to april 1983, 293 camels slaughtered for human consumption were examined. the overall rate of infection was 39.6%: 18.5% in animals less than 6 years old, and between 40.1% and 45.2% in older animals. the infection rate in females (44.9%) was significantly higher than in males (24.7%). females also showed higher susceptibility to infections in multiple organ ...	1988	3362831
the mesonephric corpuscle of dromedary camel as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.		1988	3414147
a comprehensive biochemical analysis of the blood of the camel (camelus dromedarius).	1. the blood of twenty camels has been analyzed and the levels of eight serum enzymes determined. 2. in addition, pk and g6pd activities in the erythrocytes were assayed. 3. a number of other serum constituents were also measured, including haemoglobin, bilirubin, uric acid, phosphorus, cholesterol, total lipids and glucose. 4. wherever possible, the values obtained were compared with data for the camel reported in the literature. 5. where no such values existed, comparisons with other ruminants ...	1988	3356128
plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestrogens, testosterone and lh-like activity during the oestrous cycle of the camel (camelus dromedarius).	peripheral plasma concentrations of progesterone, total oestrogens and testosterone (measured by rias) and lh (monitored by the mouse leydig cell bio-assay) were measured in 8 female camels for a complete oestrous cycle (23.1 +/- 1.2 days). the absence of an lh surge and a low concentration of progesterone (less than 1 ng/ml) during oestrus (5 days) and throughout the cycle indicated a failure of spontaneous ovulation and absence of a subsequent luteal phase in this species. high concentrations ...	1988	3411553
ultrastructure of the sebaceous glands of the camel (camelus dromedarius).	the sebaceous gland of the camel has been studied by light and electron microscopy. the gland is lobed but the lobes are not subdivided into lobules. the ultrastructure of the sebaceous gland of the camel is generally similar to that of other animals. it consists of cells at different stages of development and maturation. the cells which are programmed to produce lipid secretion are probably those which lose contact with the basal lamina. various forms of smooth endoplasmic reticulum are seen in ...	1988	3417542
a survey of some drugs commonly used in the camel.	specific recommendations for drug dosages for the camel are rare and doses for this species are usually extrapolated from those recommended for other species. the pharmacology and toxicity of drugs likely to be used in the camel needs to be further studied to ensure the efficacy and safety of these drugs in this species. most of the reported work is on the chemotherapeutic efficacy of a few drugs long in use in other species against trypanosomiasis, mange and gastrointestinal nematodes. areas of ...	1988	3051653
prenatal development of the renal corpuscle of dromedary camel as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.		1988	3388953
purification of camel milk lysozyme and its lytic effect on escherichia coli and micrococcus lysodeikticus.	1. camel milk lysozyme was purified using heparin-sepharose 4b, sephadex g-75 and hydroxyapatite chromatography. by this procedure lysozyme was separated from lactoferrin and a low molecular weight protein. 2. the lytic effect of camel milk lysozyme was assayed using escherichia coli and micrococcus lysodeikticus and its activity was compared with that of lysozyme from human milk and egg white. 3. the specific activity of camel milk lysozyme was found to be lower than that of lysozyme from human ...	1988	3066579
the distribution of phosphofructokinase isoenzymes in the liver of camel, rat and rabbit.	1. the distribution of phosphofructokinase isoenzymes have been compared among camel, rat and rabbit livers. 2. only a single phosphofructokinase isoenzyme is present in the camel liver which has shown different physical and regulatory properties from the isoenzymes of rat and rabbit liver. 3. the ammonium sulphate precipitation curves of the camel and rabbit enzymes were monophasic, whereas the rat enzyme was biphasic. 4. rabbit liver phosphofructokinase was slightly more anodic than the rat en ...	1988	2965635
tonic pain time-dependently affects beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in the ventral periaqueductal gray matter of the rat brain.	beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (b-ep-li) levels have been investigated in the ventral periaqueductal gray matter (vpag) of rats killed 30, 60 or 120 min after the subcutaneous injection of dilute formalin (0.08 ml, 5%) in one fore- or hindpaw, or comparable handling. b-ep-li was estimated by radioimmunoassay, using an anti-camel b-ep serum directed against the c-terminal portion of b-ep molecule. in both fore- and hindlimb groups vpag b-ep-li values were significantly increased 60 and 120 ...	1988	2966314
purification and some properties of camel lens crystallins.	five major crystallin fractions were found in camel lens fractionated by sepharose cl-6b column chromatography. these crystallin fractions were named alpha high (alpha h), alpha low (alpha l), beta high (beta h), beta low (beta l) and gamma (gamma) by comparison with the elution profiles and molecular weights of rabbit crystallins. the amino acid composition and isoelectric focusing bands for crystallins of camel and rabbit were remarkably similar, but individual differences were found. by means ...	1988	3180836
cholinergic innervation of the tongue of the one humped camel, camelus dromedarius.	distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve profiles in the tongue of camel has been studied by histochemical methods. the tongue is richly innervated by cholinergic nerve profiles as is evidenced by the presence of numerous nerve fibres at different levels. there is noted strong cholinesterase positive reaction close to the lateral border of the circumvallate papillae (in the region of the taste buds) and the upper border of the fungiform papillae. numerous nerve fibres have been observed ...	1988	3189839
purification and comparison of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the liver and kidney of the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius).	1. phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was partially purified from camel liver and kidney by ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. 2. the specific activity of the purified preparation from liver was 39.2 mumol/min per mg protein. 3. when isolated from the kidney the specific activity of the enzyme was very much higher 155.5 mumol/min per mg protein. 4. the enzyme from the two sources were similar in their ph optimum which was approx. 7.2 and their relativ ...	1988	3356139
morphometric and histological studies on the adrenal glands of the camel camelus dromedarius.	the adrenal gland of the camel consists of an outer cortex and an inner medulla. the general disposition of the cortex and medulla, however, differs occasionally from that of other mammals. extensions of medulla could reach as far as the periphery of the cortex. islet of medullary tissue may be found in sections of the cortex and cortical tissue consisting of all zones of the cortex may occur around arteries or nerves in the medulla. the medulla may be separated from the cortex by connective tis ...	1988	3270979
scanning electron microscopic study of the lingual papillae of the one humped camel, camelus dromedarius.	the dorsum of the camel tongue shows filiform, fungiform, circumvallate and special (wart-like) papillae. filiform papillae are conical in shape and show different heights and thicknesses at various levels. fungiform papillae are rounded and are surrounded by robust filiform papillae. they can also be observed on the tip of the ventral surface. they have taste pores on their surfaces. circumvallate papillae are encircled by a primary groove and an annular pad. their taste pores open into the gro ...	1988	3253256
heterogeneity of the histological features along the course of the facial vein of the desert camel (camelus dromedarius): relevance to brain cooling.	sections from different parts along the facial vein of the camel (camelus dromedarius) were examined by light microscopy. the results demonstrated heterogeneity among the various segments. particular attention was paid to a specific area in the buccal region which was previously shown by physiological experiments to have a temperature-dependent myogenic tone. the morphology of that area showed highly thickened media with prominent bands of circularly disposed smooth muscles infiltrating both the ...	1988	3270977
in vitro effect of protein-free diet on protein nitrogen production in ruminal fluid of egyptian camel.		1988	3190396
clinical and anatomical studies of the camel (camelus dromedarius) genitalia.	clinical and anatomical studies of the genitalia of 294 camel (197 males and 97 females) were carried out between may 1984 and october 1985. preslaughter (clinical) examination was followed by detailed post-mortem (anatomical) examination and dissection of genitalia at the abattoir. measurements and weights of the various segments of genitalia were made to establish the baseline data for breeding soundness evaluation in the dromedary in northern nigeria.	1988	16726545
circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones in pregnant camels (camelus dromedarius ).	blood samples from 16 female camels were collected at monthly intervals commencing from 60 d post. breeding until the last month of gestation. two camels failed to conceive and two had unnoticed abortions. the average gestation period was 398+/-13 and 372+/-11 in camels bearing male and female fetus, respectively, with an overall mean of 383+/-9 d. sera were analyzed for thyroxine (t(4)) and triiodothyronine (t(3)) by radioimmunoassay. mean t(4) and t(3) concentrations varied from 76 to 116 ng/m ...	1989	16726643
the fine structure of the epithelial lining of the epididymis of the camel (camelus dromedarius) with special reference to regional differences.		1989	17103615
the desert camel as a meat animal.	fifty-two mature, fattened male camels were used for determining live animal and carcase measurements, carcase yield and characteristics. the average slaughter weight of mature, fattened desert camels was 456 kg, while the mean empty body weight was 404·8 kg. the camel carcase dressed out as 55·8% and 63·6% of live and empty body weight, respectively. the mean carcase composition was 56% meat,19% bone and 13·7% fat. of the body components of the camel, the head, hide and liver represented 3·5, 8 ...	1989	22055021
n-terminal amino-sequencing of camel (camelus dromedarius) luteinizing-hormone alpha and beta-subunits.	the subunits of luteinizing hormone from the camelus dromedarius (camlh) have been separated by reverse phase hplc after reduction and alkylation of their disulfide bridges. the n-terminal amino-acid sequencing of the alpha and beta subunits has been performed up to the 53rd and 67th residue respectively (i.e. more than half of each polypeptide chain). these sequences have been compared to those of lh from other mammalian species in order to estimate the phylogenetic divergence of lh in this spe ...	1989	2483583
[haemonchosis in camels].	over the last thirty years, several surveys referring to the gastrointestinal parasites in the dromedary have shown high infestation rates by haemonchus longistipes. certain other studies have pointed out the economic and clinical importance of the camel haemonchosis. the author presents an overview of established knowledge on this major disease for the dromedary, which has hitherto been underestimated. the known features belonging either to this species or inferred from sheep haemonchosis, as a ...	1989	2662272
the opioid specificity of beta-endorphin enhancement of murine lymphocyte proliferation.	beta-endorphin (beta-end) is a potent analgesic peptide which exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities in the central nervous system (cns) following binding of its n-terminus to specific opioid receptors. although c-terminal binding sites for this 31-amino-acid peptide have been characterized in cns tissue, identification of their possible function has been facilitated by studies of beta-end effects on lymphocyte activities. in this communication, we report a detailed analysis of the opi ...	1989	2540118
[properties of an orthopoxvirus strain isolated from camels in niger].	the vd47 viral strain, isolated from camels (camelus dromedarius) in niger possesses camelpoxvirus morphology and characteristic properties: heat sensitive, ether resistant, chloroform and idu sensitive, with ceiling-temperature 38.5 degrees c. it induces formation of syncytial and retracted cell foci with hemadsorption test positive. no pathogen for mice and very mildly for rabbits, this virus is neutralizable by anti-vaccine serum. the question of camelpoxvirus and camelparapoxvirus pathogenic ...	1989	2544962
rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle in a camel.		1989	2736387
[camels. origin--use--types].	this survey study reports on origin and use of camels and on the various asian and african races, indian camels being specially mentioned. the differences of camels for riding and for packing are stressed compared as e.g. with horses in the western world for working and for racing. it is further pointed out that in arid and semi arid areas the camel has been, and will be in the foreseeable future, not replaceable as an animal for working and transporting goods.	1989	2673728
[presence of epithelial crypts in the chamois (rupicapra rupicapra l.) epididymis. preliminary note].	the authors refer the presence of epithelial crypts in the epididymis of chamois, previously described only in the bull by nicander, in the camel by singh, in the cat by arrighi and in the roe-buck by gentile et al. these crypts consist of cavities bored into the epithelium lining the epididymis and are rounded by the epithelial cells which are, sometimes, squamous and thin. some crypts open into the lumen of the epididymis, some others crypt are filled with floccular, gelatinous material and, a ...	1989	2611017
camel bites: report of severe osteolysis as late bone complications.	four cases of severe osteolysis of bones subsequent to camel bite are described. the first had osteolysis of the ribs with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. two cases had similar appearances of gross osteolysis of the shafts of the radius and ulna, whilst one had osteolysis of the humeral shaft. the similarities in the radiological appearances especially of the gross osteolysis at the site of trauma are noted. the complications following mammal bites are discussed.	1989	2616430
efficacy of rm110, a novel trypanocide, in the treatment of trypanosoma evansi infections in camels.	camels artificially infected with a field stock of trypanosoma evansi isolated from a camel near gewane, ethiopia were cured by treatment with rm110, administered by subcutaneous injection at 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg body weight. local reactions were mild and transient. further evaluation of rm110 is indicated, in particular the determination of minimum curative doses for this and other t. evansi stocks in camels.	1989	2617676
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in camels (camelus dromedarius) in saudi arabia.		1989	2617677
transfer factor in smokers and non-smokers after smoking two cigarettes.	impairments of lung functionality as long-term effects of cigarette smoking have been well established. to our knowledge, no study on acute recovery patterns in any important lung function index after smoking a very limited number of cigarettes has ever been reported. the present study reports recovery patterns of lung transfer factor (tf) and related parameters in smokers and non-smokers who smoked two camel cigarettes. lung transfer factor and other indices were determined by the single breath ...	1989	2626109
effect of blood meal and mating on the genital tract ultrastructure in the female camel tick hyalomma (hyalomma) dromedarii (ixodoidea: ixodidae).	the genital tract ultrastructure in the female hyalomma (hyalomma) dromedarii is described during feeding and mating and up to oviposition. the vagina, consisting of vestibular (vv) and cervical (cv) regions, is formed of an epithelium lined internally with a folded cuticular layer and surrounded externally by muscle layers. these facilitate the passage of endospermatophores containing sperm into the receptaculum seminis (rs), and ova to the exterior. a pair of tubular accessory glands (ag) open ...	1989	2707112
binding of inositol hexakisphosphate to the oxygenated derivative of dromedary (camelus dromedarius) and human hemoglobin: 31p-nmr study.	binding of inositol hexakisphosphate (ihp) to the oxygenated derivative of dromedary (camelus dromedarius) and human hemoglobin (hb) was investigated by 31p-nmr. the results obtained show that dromedary hb binds, with different affinity, two ihp molecules per tetramer at distinct sites, while human hb binds only one ihp molecule per tetramer.	1989	2709003
some clinical, haematological and biochemical effects of four tranquilizers in camels (camelus dromedarius).	six healthy camels were treated with the tranquilizers propionyl promazine (combelen), xylazine (rompun), acepromazine (calmivet) or chlorpromazine (largactil) at single intramuscular doses of 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, or 3 mg/kg, respectively; and the onset, duration and degree of sedation produced by each drug was assessed for six hours. the effect of the treatments on some haematological and biochemical parameters was also studied. the onset and duration of action of the tranquilizers were 10 min and 2 ...	1989	2740562
vaginal prolapse in a camel.		1989	2929105
observations on the suitability and importance of the domestic intermediate hosts of echinococcus granulosus in uttah pradesh, india.	the present study investigated the suitability and importance of buffaloes, camels, sheep, goats and pigs in maintaining the life-cycle of echinococcus granulosus in aligarh, india. a total of 565 (36%) of 1556 buffaloes, 20 (2%) of 1208 goats, 5 (1%) of 559 pigs, 6 (6%) of 109 sheep and two of three camels were found to harbour hydatid cysts. the frequency distribution of the hydatid cysts in each intermediate host species was over-dispersed and in buffaloes cyst fertility increased with increa ...	1989	2723385
lens aldo-keto reductase of camelus dromedarius: purification and properties.	aldo-keto reductase has been purified 13,000-fold from the lens of the camel (camelus dromedarius) to a specific activity of 85 u/mg protein. the enzyme is a monomeric protein, exhibiting a mr = 40,000 upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. camel lens aldo-keto reductase shows a broad substrate specificity, which is strictly dependent on nadph, and is insensitive to inhibition by sorbinil and valproate. aldoses with a carbon chain with more than four ...	1989	2679888
the tobacco epidemic: lessons from history.	tobacco has caused the greatest epidemic of the twentieth century, which is beginning to wane in the united states, but is still growing in much of the world. the epidemic developed as a result of innovations in the tobacco industry and larger cultural changes over the 75 years prior to the introduction of camel cigarettes in 1913. factors that set the stage for the epidemic include the development of flue-cured and burley tobaccos, the mechanization of cigarette production with its consequent c ...	1989	2681629
coccidiosis in sudanese camels (camelus dromedarius): 1--first record and description of eimeria spp. harboured by camels in the eastern region of sudan.	coccidial oocysts were detected in 40 (17.4%) out of 230 faecal samples obtained from camels in the eastern region of sudan during june 1985-june 1986. these oocysts were identified as eimeria rajasthani, eimeria dromedarii and eimeria cameli. a detailed description of sporulated oocysts is given in this study and variations from previous authors' findings are discussed.	1989	2769604
echinococcus granulosus of camel origin: development in dogs and parasite morphology.	the developmental characteristics of echinococcus granulosus of camel origin were studied in four dogs artificially infected with protoscolices originating from hydatid cysts isolated from the lung of a camel (camelus dromedarius). two dogs each were necropsied 34/35 and 41 days post-infection (p.i.); one dog had a low worm burden and the others were heavily infected (27,625-41,150 worms). at day 35 p.i., 20% of the parasites had developed three segments and the uterus of the vast majority of th ...	1989	2771921
some enzyme interrelationships in serum and organs of egyptian camel.	in 7 normal healthy egyptian one-humped camels aged 3-4 years, the relationships were studied between enzyme activities of lactic dehydrogenase (ldh), creatine phosphokinase (cpk), alkaline phosphatase (alp), acid phosphatase (acp), and cholonesterase (che) of serum and organs as well as between acp and alp and between ldh and cpk. liver, heart, kidney, and spleen tissue samples as well as serum were analysed for total enzyme activity. the following results were obtained: --the heart was the org ...	1989	2774821
concentrations of volatile fatty acids and acetate production rates in the forestomachs of grazing camels.	1. concentration profiles of volatile fatty acids (vfa), fluid volumes and turnover rates, and acetate production rates were measured in two different seasons in the forestomachs of four fistulated dromedary camels grazing in the kenyan thornbush savannah. 2. vfa profiles and average concentrations were similar under both feeding conditions but, due to a smaller fluid turnover, vfa outflow to lower gastric sections in the dry season was reduced by almost 50%. 3. the mean acetate production rate ...	1989	2776433
[nobody should feel they have to swallow a camel. interview by søren palsbo].		1989	2741002
the use of milk progesterone analysis to monitor reproductive activity in the camel (camelus dromedarius).	milk progesterone profiles were used to monitor the ovarian changes during the post-partum period of five she-camels. milk samples were collected daily for 60 days from four suckling camels (1-4) and from one animal whose calf died on day 3. progesterone was determined using the ovucheck bovine progesterone kits. the first increase of progesterone level in the five animals occurred on days 28, 26, 21, 24 and 20 respectively. at least two progesterone peaks of 6 +/- 2 sd days' duration occurred d ...	1989	2920272
dermoid cysts in camels.	in our experience the camel (camelus dromedarius) seems to be affected more commonly by dermoid cysts as compared to other cutaneous cysts. however, apart from one reference (monteverde, 1935), the dermoid cyst has not been reported in the camel. this report documents dermoid cysts in identical locations in 11 camels with two camels having bilateral dermoid cysts at the similar site.	1989	2920282
a study of the biochemical characteristics of nadp+ isocitrate dehydrogenase from the liver and kidney of the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius).	1. nadp+ isocitrate dehydrogenase was partially purified from camel liver and kidney by an fplc. 2. the specific activity of the purified preparation from liver was 63.5 mumol/min/mg protein and from the kidney was similar, 58.7 mumol/min/mg protein. 3. the enzyme from the two sources were similar in their ph optimum (7.6), electrophoretic mobility and stability to thermal inactivation at 60 degrees c. 4. heat inactivation was accelerated by oxidized glutathione and cystine and decreased by dith ...	1989	2706940
comparative studies on the major features of insulin receptors in mammalian and non-mammalian liver membranes.	1. the camel has insulin receptors that by multiple function criteria are very similar to those of the other mammals (rabbit and rat) and non-mammals (chicken and pigeon), with sharp ph dependence to insulin binding at ph 7.2-7.6. 2. equilibrium binding was faster at higher temperatures (24-37 degrees c) than at lower (4 degrees c). 3. binding data yielded curvilinear scatchard plots with half maximal displacement of 125i-insulin at 9 x 10(-9) m, 2.5 x 10(-9) m, 6.3 x 10(-10) m for camel, rabbit ...	1989	2752728
comparative pharmacokinetics of netobimin and albendazole in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius).	netobimin and albendazole were administered orally to camels (n = 5 + 5) at molecular equivalent dosages, 15.8 and 10.0 mg/kg body wt, respectively. the plasma profiles of the two main metabolites were investigated for 54 h by high performance liquid chromatography. the metabolism and the disposition of both anthelmintics in camels were similar to sheep rather than to cattle. these results indicate that netobimin and albendazole are likely to be excellent anthelmintics for camels.	1989	2790441
a 35cl(-)-nmr study of the singular anion-binding properties of dromedary hemoglobin.	35cl(-)-nmr measurements of chloride binding to carbonmonoxy- and deoxy-dromedary hemoglobin reveal the existence of two classes of chloride-binding sites, one of high and the other of low affinity. although this situation resembles that described for human hemoglobin, it was found that the number of binding sites as well as the association equilibrium constant for chloride binding are significantly higher in the dromedary protein. this difference may be due to the greater number of basic residu ...	1989	2804135
a comparative study of enzyme profile of camel (camelus dromedarius) hump and sheep (ovis aries) tail tissues.	1. the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, malic enzyme, nad+ and nadp+ isocitrate isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were assayed in homogenate of camel hump and sheep tail tissues. 2. in addition the levels of glucose, cholesterol, total protein and total lipids in these tissues were measured. 3. results obtained were utilized to compare the state of metabolism of adipose tissue of camel hump to that of sheep tail ...	1989	2805643
evaluation of enzyme immunoassays in the diagnosis of camel (camelus dromedarius) trypanosomiasis: a preliminary investigation.	three enzyme immunoassays were used for the serodiagnosis of trypanosoma evansi in camels in the sudan in order to evaluate their ability to discriminate between infected and non-infected animals. two assays were used for the detection of trypanosomal antibodies, one using specific anti-camel igg conjugate and another using a non-specific protein a conjugate. the third assay detected the presence of trypanosomal antigens using anti-t. evansi antibodies in a double antibody sandwich assay. inspec ...	1989	2703023
accidental contamination of the public water supply at lowermoor, camelford: an assessment of the possible veterinary consequences.	as a result of the delivery of 20 tons of concentrated aluminum sulphate solution into the wrong part of the lowermoor water treatment works the water supplies of 20,000 people and many thousands of cows, sheep, pigs and poultry became contaminated with aluminium, copper, zinc and lead. when the water mains were flushed into the rivers allen and camel many fish were killed by the high concentrations of aluminium. however, there appear to have been no detrimental effects on farm live-stock; this ...	1989	2750028
camel trypanosomiasis and its vectors in somalia.	blood samples from 3000 somali camels (camelus dromedarius) were examined for trypanosome infection. of these, 160 (5.33%) were infected with trypanosoma evansi, one (0.03%) with t. congolense and one (0.03%) with t. brucei. camel trypanosomiasis occurred in most areas of tabanid infestation throughout the country. the tabanids philoliche zonata and p. magretti are incriminated as the major vectors of the disease.	1989	2781715
polymorphic plasma postalbumin (po) of llamas and alpacas identified as gc protein.	immunoblotting with antiserum specific to human gc protein was used to identify gc protein as the previously reported polymorphic plasma postalbumin (po) of llamas and alpacas. this is the first report of gc polymorphism in camelid species. one gc variant appeared to be identical in llamas, alpacas, dromedaries and bactrian camels.	1989	2474262
camel brain glutathione s-transferase purification, properties, regional and subcellular distribution.	1. camel brain glutathione s-transferase was purified by glutathione-linked agarose affinity column and the different isozymes were separated by chromatofocusing. 2. the basic isozymes which comprise 45% of the total activity were immunologically indistinguishable from the near-neutral isozymes which constitute 55% of the activity. 3. some differences were detectable among the basic and near-neutral isozymes in relation to substrate specificities and subunit composition. 4. biochemical and immun ...	1989	2505965
observations on sudanese camel nasal myiasis caused by the larvae of cephalopina titillator.	forty-four camels slaughtered at nyala abattoir, western sudan, were examined for infection with the larvae of cephalopina titillator. the infection rate was found to be 100 p. 100. the parasitic burden ranged between 8-243 per animal. they were recovered throughout the year. the first stage larvae were noticed from december to may, indicating the breeding season of the fly. the larvae were found to cause visible pathological lesions on the nasopharynx. these were also demonstrated histopatholog ...	1989	2740563
myiasis caused by wohlfahrtia magnifica (schiner, 1862) in the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius) in the peninsula of sinai.	massive myiasis caused by wohlfahrtia magnifica (schiner, 1862) in camels in the southern mountainous zone of the peninsula of sinai is described. wohlfahrtiosis seemed intimately related to the climatic and ecological conditions of the area, particularly altitude, precipitation, pasture, rodents and ticks. the clinical features resembled those described in sheep in israel and in camels elsewhere. treatment with diazinon and synergized pyrethrum in pine oil proved effective.	1989	2740564
indirect haemagglutination (iha) and immunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of hydatidosis in sudanese camels.	the efficiency of indirect haemagglutination (iha) and immunoelectrophoresis (iep) as means of detection of cystic hydatid infection in camels was investigated. both iha and iep showed very low detection rates of antibody in camel sera. the iep showed 84 p. 100 specificity and 36 p. 100 sensitivity while the iha showed 69 p. 100 specificity and 43 p. 100 sensitivity. these results are discussed.	1989	2740565
silicate pneumoconiosis in camels (camelus dromedarius l.).	in a random screening of camel diseases in somalia dust-laden macrophages in lungs and/or bronchial lymph nodes were discovered in 94 of 134 animals. in 44 cases the dust-laden macrophages occurred in a number of small or large aggregates. there was a significant positive correlation between dust-laden macrophage aggregates in the lungs and pulmonary fibrosis not related to other chronic lung diseases, such as echinococcosis and chronic pneumonia. six cases showed a cellular reaction and hyalini ...	1989	2515689
spectral sensitivity, absolute threshold, and visual field of two tick species, hyalomma dromedarii and amblyomma variegatum.	1. the spectral sensitivity in the wavelength range of 340-750 nm was determined by both a behavioral approach based on spontaneous positive phototaxis and the electroretinogram (erg). 2. concerning phototaxis the camel tick, hyalomma dromedarii, showed two sensitivity maxima, one in the uv range (ca. 380 nm) and another in the blue-green range (ca. 500 nm). at higher intensities the relative sensitivity was more pronounced in the uv and at lower intensities more pronounced in the blue-green (re ...	1989	2746548